Open-pit mining, also known as open-cast or open-cut mining, is a type of surface mining where soil and rock overlying the mineral deposit is removed, unlike underground mining which leaves the overburden intact. Heavy equipment is used to first remove the overburden before large excavators extract the mineral. Open-pit mining has lower costs and greater safety than underground mining but causes negative environmental and health impacts through habitat destruction, pollution, and health risks.
What is a Stope In Mining: Uncovering the Hidden Treasures of Ore DepositsHetherington
Explore the significance of this underground excavation in extracting precious ore deposits. Learn about the methods, challenges, and the crucial role stopes play in the mining industry. Unlock the hidden treasures beneath the surface with our comprehensive guide.
What is a Stope In Mining: Uncovering the Hidden Treasures of Ore DepositsHetherington
Explore the significance of this underground excavation in extracting precious ore deposits. Learn about the methods, challenges, and the crucial role stopes play in the mining industry. Unlock the hidden treasures beneath the surface with our comprehensive guide.
Chapter-1
Introduction
1.0 BACKGROUND
Content in Time New Roman, Size 12
Fig. 1.1: Effect of fragmentation on the cost of drilling, blasting, loading and hauling.[Source: Wyllie and Mah(2005)]
Drilling and blasting costs can account for up to 25% of a project's overall production cost. Despite this, the planning and execution of a blast is rarely given the attention it deserves in our country. Drilling and blasting executed properly can significantly contribute to profitability of the mine, thus these parameters must be optimized.
The term optimization refers to attaining the best possible result, i.e., achieving the maximum or minimum value of the operating parameters. Blasting optimization is influenced by a number of complex aspects such as the rock, explosive, initiation, drill-hole characteristics, and their layout. Drilling optimization is mainly influenced by the rock characteristics, target production and drilling equipment characteristics. The current research is a step toward building a rudimentary model with simple procedures that the mining industry may use to improve blasthole drilling performance.
Ore Minerals (How it is found, mined, and processed for human use)Simple ABbieC
Department of Education | Senior High School
Topic: Ore Minerals (How it is found, mined, and processed for human use)
Learning Competency:
Earth Science (for STEM): Describe how ore minerals are found, mined, and processed for human use. (S11ES-Ic-d-8)
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Mining (ore minerals and lessening the impact of mining)Jason Alcano
This presentation includes topics such as how ore minerals are found, mined and processed, effects of massive mineral extraction and ways in minimizing the effects of mining industries. All information and images reflected in the presentation were based on internet sources that are cited and given credit in the presentation. Furthermore, the author disclaims to any inaccuracies within the presentation. Thank you and hope this can help you.
Chapter-1
Introduction
1.0 BACKGROUND
Content in Time New Roman, Size 12
Fig. 1.1: Effect of fragmentation on the cost of drilling, blasting, loading and hauling.[Source: Wyllie and Mah(2005)]
Drilling and blasting costs can account for up to 25% of a project's overall production cost. Despite this, the planning and execution of a blast is rarely given the attention it deserves in our country. Drilling and blasting executed properly can significantly contribute to profitability of the mine, thus these parameters must be optimized.
The term optimization refers to attaining the best possible result, i.e., achieving the maximum or minimum value of the operating parameters. Blasting optimization is influenced by a number of complex aspects such as the rock, explosive, initiation, drill-hole characteristics, and their layout. Drilling optimization is mainly influenced by the rock characteristics, target production and drilling equipment characteristics. The current research is a step toward building a rudimentary model with simple procedures that the mining industry may use to improve blasthole drilling performance.
Ore Minerals (How it is found, mined, and processed for human use)Simple ABbieC
Department of Education | Senior High School
Topic: Ore Minerals (How it is found, mined, and processed for human use)
Learning Competency:
Earth Science (for STEM): Describe how ore minerals are found, mined, and processed for human use. (S11ES-Ic-d-8)
Please LIKE / FOLLOW and SHARE my other social media accounts.
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Simple-ABbieC-131584525051378/
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Youtube:
http://tiny.cc/SimpleABbieC
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Slideshare:
https://www.slideshare.net/AbbieMahinay
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Blogger:
https://simpleabbiec.blogspot.com/?m=1
Mining (ore minerals and lessening the impact of mining)Jason Alcano
This presentation includes topics such as how ore minerals are found, mined and processed, effects of massive mineral extraction and ways in minimizing the effects of mining industries. All information and images reflected in the presentation were based on internet sources that are cited and given credit in the presentation. Furthermore, the author disclaims to any inaccuracies within the presentation. Thank you and hope this can help you.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2. Open-pit mining, also known as open-cast or
open-cut mining and in larger contexts mega-mining
Surface mining, including strip mining, open-pit mining and mountaintop
removal mining, is a broad category of mining in which soil and rock overlying
the mineral deposit (the overburden) are removed, in contrast to underground
mining, in which the overlying rock is left in place, and the mineral is removed
through shafts or tunnels.
In most forms of surface mining, heavy equipment, such as earthmovers, first
remove the overburden. Next, large machines, such as dragline excavators or
bucket-wheel excavators, extract the mineral.
Advantages of surface mining include lower cost and greater safety
compared to underground mining.
Disadvantages include hazards to human health and the environment.
Humans face a variety of health risks caused by mining such as different
cardiovascular diseases, food, and water contamination. Habitat
destruction, alongside air, noise, and water pollution, are all significant negative
environmental impacts caused by the side effects of surface mining.
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10. The Bagger 288 is a bucket-wheel excavator used in strip
Strip mining is the practice of mining a seam of mineral, by first
removing a long strip of overlying soil and rock as overburden
removal. It is most commonly used to mine coal and lignite (brown
coal). Strip mining is only practical when the ore body to be
excavated is relatively near the surface and/or is mostly
horizontal. The more common method is area stripping, which is
used on fairly flat terrain, to extract deposits over a large area. As
each long strip is excavated, the overburden is placed in the
excavation produced by the previous strip.
11. Strip mining at Garzweiler surface mine in Germany. The lignite being extracted is at left, the removed overburden being
placed at right. Note that it is a largely flat mine for a horizontal mineral.
Contour mining involves removing the overburden above the mineral seam near an outcrop in hilly
terrain, where the mineral outcrop usually follows the contour of the land. Contour stripping is often
followed by auger mining into the hillside, to remove more of the mineral. This method commonly
leaves behind terraces in mountainsides.
12. Open-pit mining refers to a method of extracting rock or minerals from the earth through their removal
from an open pit or borrow. This process is done on the ground surface of the earth. It is best suited for
accessing mostly vertical deposits of minerals. Although open-pit mining is sometimes mistakenly referred
to as "strip mining", the two methods are different.
Open pit mining vs Open cast Mining
Open pit mining the deposit shape is
mostly parallel to the surface while in
open cast mining ,the deposit shape is
bedded and tabular.
Open cast mining involves the backfilling
of waste in the mind out open cast
excavations or stopes during the mining
process while open pit mining mostly
involves the backfilling at the end of the
mining life as part of mine reclamation
process.
13. Mountaintop removal mining (MTR), also known as
mountaintop mining (MTM), is a form of surface
mining at the summit or summit ridge of a mountain.
Coal seams are extracted from a mountain by removing
the land, or overburden, above the seams. This process
is considered to be safer compared to underground
mining because the coal seams are accessed from
above instead of underground. In the United States,
this method of coal mining is conducted in the
Appalachian Mountains in the eastern United States.
Explosives are used to remove up to 400 vertical feet
(120 m) of mountain to expose underlying coal seams.
Excess rock and soil is dumped into nearby valleys, in
what are called "holler fills" ("hollow fills") or "valley
fills".
14. Mountaintop removal mining (MTR), also known as mountaintop mining (MTM)
Mountaintop removal mining (MTR), also known as mountaintop mining (MTM)
15. Placer mining
A gold dredge is a placer mining machine
that extracts gold from sand, gravel, and
dirt using water and mechanical
methods.The original gold dredges were
large, multi-story machines built in the
first half of the 1900s.
Small suction machines are currently
marketed as "gold dredges" to individuals
seeking gold: just offshore from the beach
of Nome, Alaska, for instance.
16. Rock blasting at the large
open-pit Twin Creeks gold
mine in Nevada, United
States. Note the size of the
excavators for scale
(foreground, left), and that
the bottom of the mine is
not visible.
17. Open-pit mines that produce building materials and dimension stone
are commonly referred to as “quarries.”
Marble quarry in Tuscany, Italy.
18. Portland stone quarry, Isle of Portland, Dorset, England
Limestone is quarried for aggregate and other uses,
Tennessee, U.S.
Quarry, place where dimension stone or aggregate (sand,
gravel, crushed rock) is mined. The products of dimension
stone quarries are prismatic blocks of rock such as
marble, granite, limestone, sandstone, and slate. After
cutting and polishing, these materials are used in the
primary construction of buildings and monuments and
also for decorative facing materials applied to the exterior
and interior of buildings.
Dimension stones are extracted in a highly selective
manner, using time-consuming and expensive methods for
freeing the blocks from the surrounding rock.