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Unit-III
E-BUSINESS APPLICATIONS
Contents of units 3
• E-business strategy, definition, objectives
• Analysis & implementation of e-business strategy
• E-marketing: meaning, areas, planning, strategy and implementation
• Internet Advertising
• E-CRM, Meaning, technology for CRM and applications
• E-procurement: Meaning, drives, risks and implementation
• E-SCM: meaning, focus and implementation
• E-Payment systems: meaning, pre and post paid payments systems
• E-cash
E-business Strategy
• E-business strategies help the business organizations to do the
businesses on to the international scene at minimal cost but
with maximum efficiency. Various business models of E-
business provide the companies to achieve the higher benefits
with less cost and labour.
• E-business strategy also defines how an organization gains
value internally from using electronic networks, such as
through sharing employee knowledge and improving process
efficiencies through intranets.
Objectives of e-business strategy
• Cutting total cost (reducing service and sales costs)
• Boosting productivity by integrating business processes
• Bringing new growth by retaining actual customers and
attracting new ones
• Innovation and collaborative design
• Mass customization
• Customer self-service
Analysis and implementation of
e-business strategy
Major Stages Initiate Diagnose
Assess Current Environment
Breakout
Establish Strategic
Target
Transition
Industry Company
• Outline project
scope
• Identify project
stakeholders
• Determine
project schedule
• Industry
Competitive
Assessment
• Benchmark E-
business
technology
• Assess industry
business
partnerships
• Identify current
business
strategies
• Assess customer
relationships
• Assess supplier
relationships
• Assess e-
business
technology
• Assess business
partnerships
• Match current
business
strategies with
SWOT;
• Evaluate
alternative E-
business breakout
strategies
• Analyse difference
between breakout
and current
strategy;
• Assess change mgt.
& cost/benefit/risk
analysis;
• Consider industry
responses
• Plot out milestones
for strategy
Outputs Project Work Plan Opportunities and
Threats
Strengths and
Weaknesses
E-business breakout
strategy
E-business transition
strategy
E-Business Strategy Stages
Stage-I &II
Stage-I:
• Outline project scope;
• Identify stakeholders;
• Determine schedule;
• Project workplan.
Stage-II: Diagnose -
Industry Analysis
• Industry definition;
• Identify major customers;
• Identify major competitors
and their capabilities;
(Study on Rayban)
• Benchmark E-business
technology;
• Apply Porter’s 5 Forces.
How the Internet Influences Industry Structure
Bargaining Power
over Suppliers
Rivalry amongst
exisiting Competitors
Barriers to
Entry
Buyers
Bargaining Power
of Channels
Bargaining Power
of End-users
Threat of Substitutes
(+/-) Procurement using the
Internet tends to raise bargaining
power over suppliers, though it can
also give suppliers access to more
customers
(-) The Internet provides a channel
for suppliers to reach end users,
reducing the leverage of intervening
companies
(-) Internet procurement and digital
markets tend to give all companies
equal access to suppliers, and
gravitate procurement to standard
products that reduce differentiation
(-) Reduced barriers to entry and
proliferation of competitors
downstream shifts power to
suppliers
(-) Reduces difference among
competitors as offerings are difficult to
keep proprietary
(-) Migrates competition to price
(-) Widens the geographic market,
increasing the number of competitors
(-) Reduces barriers to entry such as the need for a sales
force, access to channels, and physical assets - anything that
Internet technology eliminates or makes easier to reduce
barriers to entry
(-) Internet applications are difficult to keep proprietary from
new entrants
(-) A flood of new entrants has come into many industries
(+) Eliminates powerful
channels or improves
bargaining power over
traditional channels
(-) Shifts bargaining
power to end
consumers
(-) Reduces switching
costs
(+) By making the overall industry more efficient, the
Internet can expand the size of the market
(-) The proliferation of Internet approaches creates
new substitution threats
Stage II - Diagnose - Company Analysis
Identify current business strategies;
Assess company Customers;
Assess company Suppliers;
Assess company E-business technologies;
Use Value Chain to identify areas where IT can add value.
Output - SWOT Analysis.
InboundLogistics Operations Marketing After-SalesService
FirmInfrastructure
Procurement
Technology
Development
HumanResource
Management
Self-servicepersonnelandbenefitsadministration
Web-basedtraining
Internet-basedsharinganddisseminationofcompanyinformation
Electronictimeandexpensereporting
Realtimeintegrated
scheduling,shipping,
warehousemanagement,
demandmanagementand
planning,andadvanced
planningandscheduling
acrossthecompanyandits
suppliers
Disseminationthroughoutthe
companyofreal-timeinbound
andin-progressinventorydata
Web-based,distributedfinancialandERPsystems
Collaborativeproductdesignacrosslocationsandamongvaluesystemsparticipants
Knowledgedirectoriesaccessiblefromallpartsoftheorganisation
Real-time accessbyR&Dtoon-linesalesandserviceinformation
Internet-enableddemandplanning;fulfilment
Otherlinkageofpurchase,inventory,andforecastingsystemswithsuppliers
Automated'requisitiontopay'
Directandindirectprocurementviamarketplaces,exchanges,auctions,andbuyer-sellermatching
Integratedinformation
exchange,schedulingand
decisionmakinginin-house
plants,contractassemblers,
andcomponentssuppliers
Transactionoforderswhether
initiatedbyconsumer,asales
person,orchannelpartner
Automatedcustomer-specific
agreementsandcontractterms
Customerandchannelaccess
toproductdevelopmentand
deliverystatus
Collaborativeintegrationwith
customerforecastingsystems
Integratedchannel
managementincluding
informationexchange,
warrantyclaimsandcontract
management
OutboundLogistics
Onlinesaleschannelsinc.
websitesandmarketplaces
Insideandoutsideaccess
tocustomerinformation,
productcatalogsetc.
Onlineproduct
configurators
Pushadvertising
Customerfeedbackthrough
websurveysandpromotion
responsetracking.
Customerservice
throughemail,
electronicbilling
etc.
Customerself
serviceviawebsites
andcustomer
profiling
Fieldservieaccess
tocustomeraccount
review,parts
availabilityand
orderingetc.
Internet Applications in the Value Chain
Steps in e-Business Implementation
Stepwise Launch of Business Propositions
StepwiseITImplementation
Pre-LaunchLaunch&GrowthOptimisation
Full e-Business
Providing web-presence and
informational services
Web-enabled
Business
Operations
Static
Web-site
Searchable
Dynamic Web
Site
Order Entry:
Sales & Service
via the ‘Net
Integration with
Production Systems &
Business Customers
Retail
Transactions
Next
generation e-
Business
E-marketing
Concept of e-marketing
• E-Marketing is defined as the
marketing of products or services
over the internet.
• E-marketing is also called as
Internet marketing or i-
marketing or web marketing or
online marketing.
emarketing
• eMarketing is achieving marketing objectives through use of
electronic communications technology or digital technology.
• These digital technologies include Internet media such as web
sites and e-mail as well as other digital media such as
wireless or mobile and media for delivering digital Television
such as cable and satellite.
E-MARKETING TOOLS
E-Marketing tools and strategies include:
• Business websites;
• Search Engine;
• Email;
• Online newsletters/e-zines;
• Online catalogues;
• Online press releases;
• Online surveys;
• Online customer service;
• Banner advertising;
• Affiliate marketing.
• Mobile telephone marketing;
• Online Community (Friendster, YouTube) - new
• Web Log (Blog) - new
The e-Marketing Concept
The objectives of marketing are to:
• get the right product
• promoted in the right way
• sold at the right price
• distributed at the right place
• profitably
THE E-MARKETING
CONCEPT
Examples of e-Marketing include:
• online surveys to conduct market research
• web site to display and sell your products
• internet advertising to promote your
business
• software to collect and analyse your
customer information
THE E-MARKETING
CONCEPT
The Key to e-Marketing:
• The key to successful e-Marketing in today's
business environment is to place your clients in
control. Allow them to choose how often and what
type of messages they receive, thus creating a
more meaningful relationship with your business.
• This is commonly referred to as Permission
Marketing.
• Your e-Marketing messages and tools should aim
to deliver information that the consumer wants -
that they perceive to be valuable.
INTEGRATING E-MARKETING
INTO YOUR BUSINESS
• e-Marketing is not an alternative to your existing
Marketing Plan, in fact you may already have a
"Marketing Plan" that identifies your marketing
objectives, outlines your key strategies designed
to achieve those objectives, and guides your
daily marketing activities.
• With e-Marketing you can develop techniques to
enhance this existing plan to make your
marketing activities more effective (smarter)
more efficient (cheaper) and you may even find
that you can tap into new markets both locally
and overseas.
HOW WOULD E-MARKETING
ENHANCE MY EXISTING
MARKETING PLAN
• With the use of internet-based product
catalogues you can reduce your printing
costs and maintain a higher quality of
product information for your customers.
• By utilising marketing information systems
you can analyse your sales information to
make more informed decisions and
customers all over the world can view your
products with a website.
CAN MY BUSINESS AFFORD E-
MARKETING?
• The cost of e-Marketing depends on which
strategies you choose to implement.
• Any business can start using simple e-Marketing
techniques such as email, newsletters, computer
based data management and internet research by
purchasing a computer and connecting to the
internet which can be achieved for less than
$2,000.
• Businesses can also spend many thousands of
dollars utilizing the services of a professional e-
Marketing firm to create and implement a
complete e-Marketing package. The choice is
yours!
The Marketing Process
• A comprehensive marketing process and
resulting Marketing Plan is critical for the
success of your business.
• An effective marketing process should
provide you with the information, strategies
and solutions to any and all obstacles you
might encounter along the way in building
and running a successful and profitable
business.
E-MARKETING TOPICS
• Affiliate Program
• Search Engine Optimization
• Email Campaigns
• Banner Exchange
• Business Website
• Mobile Phone Marketing
INTERNET ADVERTISING
Internet Advertising
• Online advertising is a form of promotion that
uses the Internet and World Wide Web for the
expressed purpose of delivering marketing
messages to attract customers.
• Examples of online advertising include
contextual ads on search engine results pages,
banner ads, Rich Media Ads, Social network
advertising, online classified advertising,
advertising networks and e-mail marketing,
including e-mail spam.
Internet Advertising
• Internet advertising is very similar to TV and radio advertising. The
programs are offered as a free service; commercial advertising pays the
expenses. The same is true of Internet advertising. The information is
free, with the costs defrayed by advertising.
• A major advantage of Internet advertising is the ability to attract
a specific target audience. This advantage is limited or
nonexistent in other forms of media advertising. With the Internet, ads
are directed towards the right group of people.
• Internet ads are known as banners. Virtually all banners are
links to other sites, but there are still those few that are just meant to
be seen, like billboards. One advantage of Internet advertising is that it
opens new possibilities to spread messages to a targeted audience. By
advertising to a particular group, chance of success are indeed great.
e-procurement
How Internet Advertising works?
There are various Internet advertising techniques:
1. The ad owner pays a fixed amount for each person who
visits the page with the ad.
2. The ad owner pays a fixed amount for each click on an ad
that links to the advertisers' web site.
3. The ad owner pays a fixed rate to have his advertisement
posted for a specified duration.
4. The ad owner has the option of either promoting their
product or service through survey based contests in their site.
e-PROCUREMENT
• E-Procurement is the purchasing of goods and services using the
internet.
• It Covers full life cycle of purchasing (indent to receipt of goods).
• e-procurement connects buyers and suppliers through electronic exchange
of Tenders, catalogs, contracts, Pos, invoices etc.
• Typically, e-procurement Web sites allow qualified and registered users
to look for buyers or sellers of goods and services. Depending on the
approach, buyers or sellers may specify costs or invite bids.
Types of e-procurement
• e-marketsites
• e-MRO (Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul)
• e-sourcing
• e-tendering
• e-reverse auctioning
• e-informing
• Web-based ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning):
ADVANTAGES OF e-PROCUREMENT
• In reality e-procurement has the advantage of
taking supply chain management to the next
level, providing real time information to the
vendor as to the status of a customer's needs.
For example, a vendor may have an agreement
with a customer to automatically ship materials
when the customer's stock level reaches a low
point, thus bypassing the need for the customer
to ask for it.
• Eg: the e-procurement website of Government
of Andhra Pradesh is:
www.eprocurement.gov.in
Electronic Payment Systems
E-payment systems comprise payment
services over the network for goods and
services procured.
Electronic payment system consists of :
1. Buyer
2. Seller
3. Payment gateway
4. Buyer’s bank (issuer of the payment
instrument)
5. Seller’s bank ( acquirer)
Prepaid payment systems
These include:
1. Prepaid cards
2. Internet Accounts/Wallet/Purse
3. Mobile Accounts/Wallet/Purse
4. Remittance Cards ( Domestic or
International)
Prepaid Cards
Prepaid cards function under two programs:
1. Under open-loop, cards are accepted and
processed across the globe at any Master
card/Visa or similar merchants across the
globe besides these cards can also be
used to withdraw the money from the card
using ATMs
2. In a closed loop program, acceptance is
limited to specific geographic locations,
generally domestic.
Internet accounts/wallets/purse
These are classified into:
1. Internet bank accounts
2. Internet virtual accounts with cash
withdrawal across the globe
3. Wallets/ purse for specific usages with
no cash withdrawal.
Mobile Accounts
• Mobile banking account with all features of
traditional banking and cash
Remittance:
Across the globe; no limits and specified
value for specific transaction and total
during the year.
Credit Cards
• CREDIT DEFINITIONS
• Credit
• Trust given to another person for future payment of a loan, credit
card balance, etc.
• Creditor
• A person or company to whom a debt is owed.
• Applying for a credit card — potential creditors obtain information
from you, about you, and about the economy
– Personal information
• Cash inflows
• Cash outflows
• Credit history
• Capital
• Collateral
WHAT IS A CREDIT SCORE?
• A credit score is a number that helps a lender predict
how likely an individual is to repay a loan, or make credit
payments on time.
• A credit score is a number that changes as the elements
in a credit report change.
• A credit score has broad use and impact. Your credit
past is your credit future.
Credit Cards
• Credit check
– Credit report: a statement of creditworthiness
based on information such as whether you
have made late payments, and any unpaid
current bills
– Credit scoring often determines whether or
not you are approved for credit
Credit Cards
– Interpreting credit ratings
• High ratings usually provide easy credit approval
• How ratings make obtaining credit difficult
e-CASH
• Electronic Cash (also known as electronic money,
electronic currency, digital money, digital cash or
digital currency) refers to money or scrip which is
exchanged only electronically.
• Typically, this involves use of computer networks,
the internet and digital store value systems.
Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) and direct deposit
are examples of electronic money. Also, it is a
collective term for financial cryptography and
technologies enabling it.
• ECash is a legal form of computer-based currency
that can be securely purchased and withdrawn by
credit card, Cheque, certified cheques, wire

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Suresh chandra ebusiness

  • 2. Contents of units 3 • E-business strategy, definition, objectives • Analysis & implementation of e-business strategy • E-marketing: meaning, areas, planning, strategy and implementation • Internet Advertising • E-CRM, Meaning, technology for CRM and applications • E-procurement: Meaning, drives, risks and implementation • E-SCM: meaning, focus and implementation • E-Payment systems: meaning, pre and post paid payments systems • E-cash
  • 3. E-business Strategy • E-business strategies help the business organizations to do the businesses on to the international scene at minimal cost but with maximum efficiency. Various business models of E- business provide the companies to achieve the higher benefits with less cost and labour. • E-business strategy also defines how an organization gains value internally from using electronic networks, such as through sharing employee knowledge and improving process efficiencies through intranets.
  • 4. Objectives of e-business strategy • Cutting total cost (reducing service and sales costs) • Boosting productivity by integrating business processes • Bringing new growth by retaining actual customers and attracting new ones • Innovation and collaborative design • Mass customization • Customer self-service
  • 5. Analysis and implementation of e-business strategy
  • 6. Major Stages Initiate Diagnose Assess Current Environment Breakout Establish Strategic Target Transition Industry Company • Outline project scope • Identify project stakeholders • Determine project schedule • Industry Competitive Assessment • Benchmark E- business technology • Assess industry business partnerships • Identify current business strategies • Assess customer relationships • Assess supplier relationships • Assess e- business technology • Assess business partnerships • Match current business strategies with SWOT; • Evaluate alternative E- business breakout strategies • Analyse difference between breakout and current strategy; • Assess change mgt. & cost/benefit/risk analysis; • Consider industry responses • Plot out milestones for strategy Outputs Project Work Plan Opportunities and Threats Strengths and Weaknesses E-business breakout strategy E-business transition strategy E-Business Strategy Stages
  • 7. Stage-I &II Stage-I: • Outline project scope; • Identify stakeholders; • Determine schedule; • Project workplan. Stage-II: Diagnose - Industry Analysis • Industry definition; • Identify major customers; • Identify major competitors and their capabilities; (Study on Rayban) • Benchmark E-business technology; • Apply Porter’s 5 Forces.
  • 8. How the Internet Influences Industry Structure Bargaining Power over Suppliers Rivalry amongst exisiting Competitors Barriers to Entry Buyers Bargaining Power of Channels Bargaining Power of End-users Threat of Substitutes (+/-) Procurement using the Internet tends to raise bargaining power over suppliers, though it can also give suppliers access to more customers (-) The Internet provides a channel for suppliers to reach end users, reducing the leverage of intervening companies (-) Internet procurement and digital markets tend to give all companies equal access to suppliers, and gravitate procurement to standard products that reduce differentiation (-) Reduced barriers to entry and proliferation of competitors downstream shifts power to suppliers (-) Reduces difference among competitors as offerings are difficult to keep proprietary (-) Migrates competition to price (-) Widens the geographic market, increasing the number of competitors (-) Reduces barriers to entry such as the need for a sales force, access to channels, and physical assets - anything that Internet technology eliminates or makes easier to reduce barriers to entry (-) Internet applications are difficult to keep proprietary from new entrants (-) A flood of new entrants has come into many industries (+) Eliminates powerful channels or improves bargaining power over traditional channels (-) Shifts bargaining power to end consumers (-) Reduces switching costs (+) By making the overall industry more efficient, the Internet can expand the size of the market (-) The proliferation of Internet approaches creates new substitution threats
  • 9. Stage II - Diagnose - Company Analysis Identify current business strategies; Assess company Customers; Assess company Suppliers; Assess company E-business technologies; Use Value Chain to identify areas where IT can add value. Output - SWOT Analysis.
  • 10. InboundLogistics Operations Marketing After-SalesService FirmInfrastructure Procurement Technology Development HumanResource Management Self-servicepersonnelandbenefitsadministration Web-basedtraining Internet-basedsharinganddisseminationofcompanyinformation Electronictimeandexpensereporting Realtimeintegrated scheduling,shipping, warehousemanagement, demandmanagementand planning,andadvanced planningandscheduling acrossthecompanyandits suppliers Disseminationthroughoutthe companyofreal-timeinbound andin-progressinventorydata Web-based,distributedfinancialandERPsystems Collaborativeproductdesignacrosslocationsandamongvaluesystemsparticipants Knowledgedirectoriesaccessiblefromallpartsoftheorganisation Real-time accessbyR&Dtoon-linesalesandserviceinformation Internet-enableddemandplanning;fulfilment Otherlinkageofpurchase,inventory,andforecastingsystemswithsuppliers Automated'requisitiontopay' Directandindirectprocurementviamarketplaces,exchanges,auctions,andbuyer-sellermatching Integratedinformation exchange,schedulingand decisionmakinginin-house plants,contractassemblers, andcomponentssuppliers Transactionoforderswhether initiatedbyconsumer,asales person,orchannelpartner Automatedcustomer-specific agreementsandcontractterms Customerandchannelaccess toproductdevelopmentand deliverystatus Collaborativeintegrationwith customerforecastingsystems Integratedchannel managementincluding informationexchange, warrantyclaimsandcontract management OutboundLogistics Onlinesaleschannelsinc. websitesandmarketplaces Insideandoutsideaccess tocustomerinformation, productcatalogsetc. Onlineproduct configurators Pushadvertising Customerfeedbackthrough websurveysandpromotion responsetracking. Customerservice throughemail, electronicbilling etc. Customerself serviceviawebsites andcustomer profiling Fieldservieaccess tocustomeraccount review,parts availabilityand orderingetc. Internet Applications in the Value Chain
  • 11. Steps in e-Business Implementation Stepwise Launch of Business Propositions StepwiseITImplementation Pre-LaunchLaunch&GrowthOptimisation Full e-Business Providing web-presence and informational services Web-enabled Business Operations Static Web-site Searchable Dynamic Web Site Order Entry: Sales & Service via the ‘Net Integration with Production Systems & Business Customers Retail Transactions Next generation e- Business
  • 13. Concept of e-marketing • E-Marketing is defined as the marketing of products or services over the internet. • E-marketing is also called as Internet marketing or i- marketing or web marketing or online marketing.
  • 14. emarketing • eMarketing is achieving marketing objectives through use of electronic communications technology or digital technology. • These digital technologies include Internet media such as web sites and e-mail as well as other digital media such as wireless or mobile and media for delivering digital Television such as cable and satellite.
  • 15. E-MARKETING TOOLS E-Marketing tools and strategies include: • Business websites; • Search Engine; • Email; • Online newsletters/e-zines; • Online catalogues; • Online press releases; • Online surveys; • Online customer service; • Banner advertising; • Affiliate marketing. • Mobile telephone marketing; • Online Community (Friendster, YouTube) - new • Web Log (Blog) - new
  • 16. The e-Marketing Concept The objectives of marketing are to: • get the right product • promoted in the right way • sold at the right price • distributed at the right place • profitably
  • 17. THE E-MARKETING CONCEPT Examples of e-Marketing include: • online surveys to conduct market research • web site to display and sell your products • internet advertising to promote your business • software to collect and analyse your customer information
  • 18. THE E-MARKETING CONCEPT The Key to e-Marketing: • The key to successful e-Marketing in today's business environment is to place your clients in control. Allow them to choose how often and what type of messages they receive, thus creating a more meaningful relationship with your business. • This is commonly referred to as Permission Marketing. • Your e-Marketing messages and tools should aim to deliver information that the consumer wants - that they perceive to be valuable.
  • 19. INTEGRATING E-MARKETING INTO YOUR BUSINESS • e-Marketing is not an alternative to your existing Marketing Plan, in fact you may already have a "Marketing Plan" that identifies your marketing objectives, outlines your key strategies designed to achieve those objectives, and guides your daily marketing activities. • With e-Marketing you can develop techniques to enhance this existing plan to make your marketing activities more effective (smarter) more efficient (cheaper) and you may even find that you can tap into new markets both locally and overseas.
  • 20. HOW WOULD E-MARKETING ENHANCE MY EXISTING MARKETING PLAN • With the use of internet-based product catalogues you can reduce your printing costs and maintain a higher quality of product information for your customers. • By utilising marketing information systems you can analyse your sales information to make more informed decisions and customers all over the world can view your products with a website.
  • 21. CAN MY BUSINESS AFFORD E- MARKETING? • The cost of e-Marketing depends on which strategies you choose to implement. • Any business can start using simple e-Marketing techniques such as email, newsletters, computer based data management and internet research by purchasing a computer and connecting to the internet which can be achieved for less than $2,000. • Businesses can also spend many thousands of dollars utilizing the services of a professional e- Marketing firm to create and implement a complete e-Marketing package. The choice is yours!
  • 22. The Marketing Process • A comprehensive marketing process and resulting Marketing Plan is critical for the success of your business. • An effective marketing process should provide you with the information, strategies and solutions to any and all obstacles you might encounter along the way in building and running a successful and profitable business.
  • 23. E-MARKETING TOPICS • Affiliate Program • Search Engine Optimization • Email Campaigns • Banner Exchange • Business Website • Mobile Phone Marketing
  • 25. Internet Advertising • Online advertising is a form of promotion that uses the Internet and World Wide Web for the expressed purpose of delivering marketing messages to attract customers. • Examples of online advertising include contextual ads on search engine results pages, banner ads, Rich Media Ads, Social network advertising, online classified advertising, advertising networks and e-mail marketing, including e-mail spam.
  • 26. Internet Advertising • Internet advertising is very similar to TV and radio advertising. The programs are offered as a free service; commercial advertising pays the expenses. The same is true of Internet advertising. The information is free, with the costs defrayed by advertising. • A major advantage of Internet advertising is the ability to attract a specific target audience. This advantage is limited or nonexistent in other forms of media advertising. With the Internet, ads are directed towards the right group of people. • Internet ads are known as banners. Virtually all banners are links to other sites, but there are still those few that are just meant to be seen, like billboards. One advantage of Internet advertising is that it opens new possibilities to spread messages to a targeted audience. By advertising to a particular group, chance of success are indeed great.
  • 27.
  • 28.
  • 29.
  • 31. How Internet Advertising works? There are various Internet advertising techniques: 1. The ad owner pays a fixed amount for each person who visits the page with the ad. 2. The ad owner pays a fixed amount for each click on an ad that links to the advertisers' web site. 3. The ad owner pays a fixed rate to have his advertisement posted for a specified duration. 4. The ad owner has the option of either promoting their product or service through survey based contests in their site.
  • 32. e-PROCUREMENT • E-Procurement is the purchasing of goods and services using the internet. • It Covers full life cycle of purchasing (indent to receipt of goods). • e-procurement connects buyers and suppliers through electronic exchange of Tenders, catalogs, contracts, Pos, invoices etc. • Typically, e-procurement Web sites allow qualified and registered users to look for buyers or sellers of goods and services. Depending on the approach, buyers or sellers may specify costs or invite bids.
  • 33.
  • 34. Types of e-procurement • e-marketsites • e-MRO (Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul) • e-sourcing • e-tendering • e-reverse auctioning • e-informing • Web-based ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning):
  • 35.
  • 36.
  • 37. ADVANTAGES OF e-PROCUREMENT • In reality e-procurement has the advantage of taking supply chain management to the next level, providing real time information to the vendor as to the status of a customer's needs. For example, a vendor may have an agreement with a customer to automatically ship materials when the customer's stock level reaches a low point, thus bypassing the need for the customer to ask for it. • Eg: the e-procurement website of Government of Andhra Pradesh is: www.eprocurement.gov.in
  • 38. Electronic Payment Systems E-payment systems comprise payment services over the network for goods and services procured. Electronic payment system consists of : 1. Buyer 2. Seller 3. Payment gateway 4. Buyer’s bank (issuer of the payment instrument) 5. Seller’s bank ( acquirer)
  • 39. Prepaid payment systems These include: 1. Prepaid cards 2. Internet Accounts/Wallet/Purse 3. Mobile Accounts/Wallet/Purse 4. Remittance Cards ( Domestic or International)
  • 40. Prepaid Cards Prepaid cards function under two programs: 1. Under open-loop, cards are accepted and processed across the globe at any Master card/Visa or similar merchants across the globe besides these cards can also be used to withdraw the money from the card using ATMs 2. In a closed loop program, acceptance is limited to specific geographic locations, generally domestic.
  • 41.
  • 42. Internet accounts/wallets/purse These are classified into: 1. Internet bank accounts 2. Internet virtual accounts with cash withdrawal across the globe 3. Wallets/ purse for specific usages with no cash withdrawal.
  • 43.
  • 44. Mobile Accounts • Mobile banking account with all features of traditional banking and cash Remittance: Across the globe; no limits and specified value for specific transaction and total during the year.
  • 45.
  • 46. Credit Cards • CREDIT DEFINITIONS • Credit • Trust given to another person for future payment of a loan, credit card balance, etc. • Creditor • A person or company to whom a debt is owed. • Applying for a credit card — potential creditors obtain information from you, about you, and about the economy – Personal information • Cash inflows • Cash outflows • Credit history • Capital • Collateral
  • 47. WHAT IS A CREDIT SCORE? • A credit score is a number that helps a lender predict how likely an individual is to repay a loan, or make credit payments on time. • A credit score is a number that changes as the elements in a credit report change. • A credit score has broad use and impact. Your credit past is your credit future.
  • 48. Credit Cards • Credit check – Credit report: a statement of creditworthiness based on information such as whether you have made late payments, and any unpaid current bills – Credit scoring often determines whether or not you are approved for credit
  • 49. Credit Cards – Interpreting credit ratings • High ratings usually provide easy credit approval • How ratings make obtaining credit difficult
  • 50. e-CASH • Electronic Cash (also known as electronic money, electronic currency, digital money, digital cash or digital currency) refers to money or scrip which is exchanged only electronically. • Typically, this involves use of computer networks, the internet and digital store value systems. Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) and direct deposit are examples of electronic money. Also, it is a collective term for financial cryptography and technologies enabling it. • ECash is a legal form of computer-based currency that can be securely purchased and withdrawn by credit card, Cheque, certified cheques, wire

Editor's Notes

  1. Write the term “credit score” on the board, flipchart, or blank transparency. • Ask participants to define the term. • Debrief participants by showing “Slide 1: What Is a Credit Score?” Talking points for Slide 1: A credit score is a number that tells a lender how likely an individual is to repay a loan, or make credit payments on time. When a lender requests a credit report and score from a credit reporting agency, the score is calculated by a scoring model — a statistical mathematical equation that evaluates many types of information from your credit report at that agency. By comparing this information to the patterns in thousands of past credit reports, scoring identifies your level of credit risk. There are several different credit scoring models that are used today. Examples of different models include the FICO score, which was developed by Fair, Isaac and Company, Inc. and is used by many mortgage lenders; and the VantageScoreSM, which was developed jointly by the three credit reporting companies. FICO scores, which are one of the most common credit scoring systems used by lenders, range between 350 and 850. With these scores, a higher number credit scoring systems consider a variety of factors, such as number of credit accounts, total credit available, amount of outstanding debt and late payment record. The VantageScoreSM was created in 2006 as a more consistent way for the agencies to develop credit scores. In the past, each credit reporting company used its own formula to create its credit scores. The new system allows each company to use the same formula and create a more consistent credit score. The VantageScoreSM ranges from 501 to 990 and includes a rating system similar to an academic grading system (A-F grades). The higher the score, the more creditworthy a consumer is considered to be. • Ask participants how their credit score impacts their life. • Write down responses on flipchart paper. • Responses may include: to get a loan, to get a job, to get an apartment, to get a mortgage loan, to get homeowner’s insurance, and to get car insurance. Discuss the broad use and impact of credit scores. In addition to banks and lenders, there are landlords, employers, merchants, and even insurance companies that are also using credit scores. Note: A credit reporting agency may only provide a copy of your file when the request relates to the extension of credit, collection of a debt, housing rental, an application for employment, or for insurance purposes. Discuss the following example of how credit scores can impact how much you pay for car insurance: To most, it seems that credit histories and driving records have little in common. Insurers, on the other hand, have found that using credit scores to predict how likely someone is to pay premiums has helped them cut their losses. They don’t use the same score that banks and lenders use. Instead, they use an insurance score, which is generated based on a slightly different formula. Research has shown that consumers with better insurance scores generally file fewer claims and have lower insurance losses. Insurers’ use of credit histories to determine rates is under scrutiny nationwide.