Supply Chain In Cement Industry

Supply Chain in Cement Industry
Acknowledgement
A big Thank You to each one of the people involved with me and helped and stood by me during my year–long project.
I am grateful to my guide for being patient and kind and poring through all my documents with great attention and care. He took great pains to go
through the entire project and make necessary corrections as and when required.
A deep sense of gratitude to the ACL team comprising Wilson Fernandes, SCM Head; A. Singhal, Purchasing Manager; and Sanjay Gupta, Head
Marketing, without who my paper would not have been complete.
I would also like to thank my institution and faculty members without whom this project would have been a distant reality.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Ambuja ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
New capacities have gone well beyond the demand. Unlike the Indian steel sector, cement industry is mostly privately owned.
Till, the early 80s cement production capacities were much less than the demand. Even after independence, until 1982, the stringent controls imposed
during the Second World War had continued. The Government, being the largest buyer of cement for infrastructure projects, found the price controls
convenient. The cement price was kept low. To address to the problem of mismatch in demand and supply, the Government imposed stringent controls
on distribution of cement. Cement was scarce and commanded a high premium in the black market. In February 1982, there was partial decontrol. A
proportion of the production was treated as levy cement and bought by the Government at a fixed price. The rest was allowed to be sold at market
prices. With effect from March 1989, the partial control was also lifted. The environment for the liberated cement industry turned competitive.
During the decade of 1980s, the technology in the production of cement changed. Two major changes were:
Manufacturers of cement moved away from the wet process technology to dry process technology.

Manufacturing units moved from small kilns of 600 – 1200 tons per day (tpd) to huge kilns of 3000 tpd.
1.2 PRODUCTION PROCESS
Cement is produced in four basic stages, i.e. quarrying and crushing; grinding
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The For Good Quality Cement
The clinker coming out of the kiln is at temperatures of around 1400oC. For good quality cement, this temperature has to be brought down to around
200oC in a limited period of time. Thus it is brought in contact with a cross circulation heat exchanging cooler.
The heat of the incoming clinker is recuperated in the secondary air at an efficiency which usually lies within 65% to 70
The clinker cooler has the following main functions:
1.Recuperate the clinker heat by heating up the combustion air (secondary and tertiary air)
2.Maintain a minimum cooling velocity in order to avoid unfavorable mineralogical clinker phases and crystal size
3.Facilitate clinker handling and storage.
Three groups of coolers can be defined according to their working principle:
A.On a grate cooler the clinker forms a bed which is transported along the grate by different mechanisms. The cooling air is blown from below the
grate by fans and passes through the clinker bed in cross current. Only a Dart of this air can be used as combustion air, the rest of it has to be
dedusted and wasted, unless it can be used for another purpose (e.g. raw material or coal drying, fuel oil preheating, heating of buildings, warm water
preparation, etc.).
B.The operating principle of a tube cooler is quite similar to the one of a rotary kiln: the material and the cooling air are led in counter current through
one or more slightly inclined rotating tubes. Special lifters are installed which increase the active heat

Green Concrete Advantages And Disadvantages
Green concrete is a revolutionary lopic in the history of concrete industry. This was first invented in Denmark in the year 1998. Green concrete has
nothing to do with colour. It is a concept of thinking environment into concrete considering every aspec from raw materials manufacture over mixture
design to structural design. construction, and service life. Green concrete is very often also cheap to produce because, for example, waste products are
used as a partial substitute for cemenl charges for the disposal of waste are avoided, energy consumption in production is lower, and durability is
greater. Green concrete is a type of concrete which resembles the conventional concrete but the production or usage of such concrete requires minimum
amount of energy and causes least harm to the environment
Ignore them ok
The CO2 emission related to concrete ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
ADVANTAGES OF GREEN CONCRETE Green concrete has manifold advantages over the conventional concrete. Since it uses the recycled
aggregates and materials, it reduces the extra load in landfills and mitigates the e of aggregates. Thus. the net co: emissions are reduced. The reuse of
materials also contributes intensively to economy. Since the waste materials like aggregates from a nearby area and fly ash from a nearby power plant
are not much expensive and also transport costs are minimal. Green concrete can be considered elemental to sustainable development since it is
eco–friendly itself. Green concrete is being widely used in green building practices. also helps the green buildings achieve LEED and Golden Globe
certifications. L'se of my ash in the concrete also increases its workability and many other properties like durability to an appreciable extent One of the
practices to manufacture green concrete volves reduction of arnount cement in the mix this practice helps in reducing the consumption of cement
overall. The use waste materials also solve the prohlem of disposing the excessive amount industrial

Original Design Planning : The Barclays Center
Original Design Planning The Barclays Center lies on a 22 acres land area with the original design as shown in figure 2. The arena has a conspicuous
canopy 85ft high and cantilevers right above the main entrance and supported by 135,000 steel structure which spans through the length the roof and
below the roof (Barclays Center, 2016). Once complete, the indoor arena had a space of 675,000. The arena also has a steel oculus which reaches 80
foot high. The arena was also designed to have a green roof which is supported by 350 ft arch–trusses which have been tied and span along the length
of the arena (Barclays Center, 2016). The green roof constitutes of sedum flowers which require minimal or no maintenance and aids in reducing the
levels of noise emanating from the arena. The canopy together with the roof utilize about 12,000 panels of pre–weathered steel. The arena has seven
structural levels as shown in figure 3. The top most level is the upper suite level, then the lower suite level, followed by the upper concourse level.
The arena bowl level is where the actual sporting event takes place. The arena bowl level is followed by the main concourse level which is at the same
elevation with the entry lobby. The bottom–most level is the entry level. Construction Even though the arena had been projected to be opened in 2006,
the actual construction started on March 11, 2010, and the initial piece of steel was erected in November 2010. Due to the ease in assembly of steel

Quality Control : A Modern Cement Works Essay
QUALITY CONTROL
Consider a modern cement works – it probably produces 1000 – 4000 tonnes of cement a day. Raw materials are dug from the ground and are
intrinsically variable – for example limestone from one end of the bench might well contain more clay or silica than limestone from the other end.
Fuels are also variable – coal varies in ash and sulphur contents and these days, a works may also burn ancillary fuels such as solvents or car tyres.
Variation in raw materials and fuels are likely to result in changes in kiln conditions and consequently, to some extent at least, to changes in thecement
quality. Of course, some changes may be for the better, but unless they are maintained consistently, the result may create variability in the final product.
To maintain consistency in quality, rigorous testing of the final product, by online analysis of raw materials and clinker and improved monitoring
of kilns, mills etc is done. Of course, all this has been made possible by the advances in computer technology in recent years. For example, until
fairly recently, chemical analysis would be done by conventional "Wet Chemical Analysis". A sample of clinker or raw material would arrive at the
laboratory and over the following few hours and days in some cases a chemist would have crushed it, dissolved it, heated it, titrated it and do whatever
else was required by the analytical method, for each element. In a modern works this is automated; a machine grabs the sample, crushes it,

Epoxy Decision Making Research
Dispensing Machines:
The quickest and most straightforward strategy for grouting splits is with an epoxy resin distributor. The epoxy resin is blended in the blending
chamber as it is required; in this manner there is no worry about pot life and the risk of the epoxy resin setting up in the pot and in the lines.
A few sorts of hardware have been created with the end goal of pumping the best possible extents of epoxy resin sap and solidifying operator to a
blending spout or blending head at or close to the infusion port. This hardware is all restrictive in nature and along these lines it is impractical to give
any insights concerning its cosmetics.
An essential part of such gear is that it is difficult to know for certain what extents of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The pumping of the blend into the primary port ought to proceed until the epoxy resin cement begins to leave the adjoining port. At that point the main
port is connected and the pumping operation to the following nearby port starts. In the wake of grouting into a port has been finished, a great technique
for stopping the filled port is by the utilization of decreased wooden dowels. Anything that can be constrained into the port to stop the stream of the
grout might be utilized (e.g., pencils, plugs, elastic tubing).Care must be taken to infuse the epoxy resin cement at such a rate, to the point that the
infusion weight does not surpass that weight which the surface seal can endure or which may harm the structure. On the off chance that port–to–port
go of epoxy resin glue is not demonstrated, grouting might be halted promptly and an examination ought to be led to figure out where the epoxy resin
glue is being

Analysis of the Cement Business
Segmentation is categorization of clients into suitable classes so that the Marketing plans are customized and made appropriate to every single specific
class of buyers. Segmentation might be established on each of the pursuing criteria: o Nature of Request of Cement: Cement is utilized for Colossal
groundwork undertakings, Business housing undertaking, Residential undertakings, precast or block making works, Prepared Blend Concrete
constituents or for minor overhaul works o Group of Assembly Professional: A assembly expert might be whichever a mason, Political Engineer ,
Builder or Contractor, Consultant o Rural, Semi–urban and City Markets: Cement might be vended in villages, suburban spans of metropolises and
inside the metropolis limits.
Reliant on the segmentation strategy clients who are moderately worth insensitive, expensive to assist or poorly assisted by competitors can be charged
extra than those who are truly worth sensitive, less expensive to assistor well assisted by competitors.
3.2.1. Price and Pricing Decisions
Cement worth is not uniform across the state and varies from span to region. Worth of cement additionally depends on the allocation channel– whether
it is dispatched undeviatingly to the undertaking client or across the dealers outlets. Segmentation enables the Marketer to disparate marketplace
segments alongside distinct worth points rather than serve the whole marketplace alongside one worth point. Amongst the constituent materials of
concrete

Essay On Tyre Derived Aggregate
The use of tyre– derived aggregate (TDA) was also tested as an aggregate for light rail ballast tracks in the sub ballast layer due to its absorption of
impact properties compared to soil. A study proved results revealed that TDA efficiency in terms of vibration reduction was in the range of 17
–46 dB
when the impact was applied to the ballast and it was in the ranges of 6–32 dB and 6–47 dB while impact locations were on the sleeper and rail,
respectively. Overall, it was proven that TDA with the particle size of 5–50mm and thickness of 200mm reduced by 6–47 dB in vertical vibrations with
the dominant frequency range of 32–63 Hz. Australian transport at the moment is years behind the development of other countries, therefore the
government... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was concluded that the 500mm thick TDA proved the best results and with an increase in thickness the decrease in frequency. Towers (2010) also
conducted a field test in Denver. In his study on average, the TDA underlayment at Denver Regional Transportation District (RTD) provided
ground–borne vibration reduction of about 3 dB between 25 and 31.5 Hz and 8–14 dB between 40 and 160 Hz. First we needed to test the optimal size
for the TDA, with the use of Terzaghis equation (B) Ballast (SB) Subballast The TDA used in the construction section was of Type A (coarse TDA
with the maximum size of 50mm for TDA layers with less than 1m thickness). For the proceeding experiments a 20mm thickness was used, as shown
below Figure 4 is broken into 2 sections, one using a 20cm layer of TDA and the other without it. One of the most common methods for determining
the dynamic features of structures is the IR test. In this test, structures are usually actuated by a hammer in one or more selected locations, and the
response time history (displacement, velocity or acceleration) is recorded in many other defined positions. Point receivers would be placed at 2m,
4m, 6m and 8m from the centre of the track while impact would be directly to the track an footing at multiple points. According to the obtained results
at all receiver points in the vicinity of the test track with sections A and B, it is obvious that

Pros Of Travancore Cements
PROMOTERS OF TCL
Travancore cements limited started under M/s Essel pvt.Ltd.And in the year 1975 Kerala government took over the factory. The company started
under the supervision of Mr. S Rudlinger.And the equity share holdings are 51.33% by Kerala Government,25% by Pyramid group of companies ,and
the balance share held by general public.
DISCOUNTS GIVEN BY TCL
If above 250 kg purchasing is their company gives 10% cash discount of. 4% for the purchase. I n every month company gives 2% quantity discount
for 500kg and 1% for 200kg.Freight allowance is 3% and the annual discount given by the company is 3%.
INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES
Transport and communication–TCL provides transport facilities to the workers and bus providing to employees and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Product quality also very good.
These are the strength of Travancore cements limited strengths.
WEAKNESS
Their weaknesses are: TCL using very low budget for advertising. Because of that product publicity also a failure .And surplus labours also a major
problem. Presently 400 employees are working in TCL.snd scarcity of raw materials also a major problem. Raw material means lime shell. And there
is no continuous productise .machinery damages also a major problem. Lack of mechanical engineers also a drawback. And there is also an influence
from political parties. Company not providing any credit facilities . These are the main drawbacks of TCL.
OPPERTUNITIES
Company have to introduce some promotional programmes, if they introduce that then they can compete in national market. And another thing is that
company have to liberalise the demand of cement and paint. Then only that can increase the sale. And advertisement also a main thing company have
to use media advertisement and all, then public can easily recognise the product.
THREATS
Travancore cements limited facing some threats also, such as,
Lack of advertisement
There is lack of promotional

Experimental Study On Strength And Workability Of Cement...
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON STRENGTH AND WORKABILITY OF CEMENT MATERIALS USING MAGNESIUM SILICATE HYDRATE
BINDER SYSTEM
H. M. Tran, A. Scott
1,2University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
There has been increasing studies on magnesium silicate hydrate binder system as an eco–cement and its potential use for nuclear waste
immobilization. The cementing properties and workability of cement paste and mortar using magnesium silicate hydrate binder were examined by
compressive strength, flow test and scanning electron microscopy. The binder composition was proposed based on stoichiometric ratio. The results
showed that magnesium silicate hydrate binder exhibits very high water demand due to containing high microfine content of amorphous silica (silica
fume). However, it is possible to produce workable mixes at normal water to binder ratio (w/cm=0.40 and below) by use of polycarboxylate–based
superplasticizer. Crushed quartz with smooth texture and particle size coarser than magnesium and silica fume was used as fillers to form ternary
system. Use of crushed quartz fillers contributes to water reduction and improves packing density, hence increases strength of magnesium silicate
hydrate binder system. Mortar samples of the binder containing 40% magnesium oxide, 40% silica fume (Mg/Si molar ratio = 1.50) and 20% crushed
quartz fillers resulted in encouraging compressive strength of up to 70 MPa.
Corresponding author's email:
H.M. Tran: hung.tran@pg.canterbury.ac.nz, +64

Project Cover All The Processes, Issues, Requirement And...
Executive summary
The project cover all the processes, issues, requirement and inputs and outputs of a cement manufacturing unit. A new cement plant having capacity of
5000 bags of Portland cement per days is installed. The location selected for the cement industry is the State Of Florida, USA. The mission of this
project is to start a cement manufacturing industry to fulfil the increased demand of excellent quality cement in the modern age of industrialization.
Vision of the project is to expand the business internationally. The main objective of the project was to discuss all the processes and issues involved in
setting up a new cement manufacturing unit. It will comprise of all the requirements regarding manufacturing department, supply ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Cement production is the result of chemically combination of different materials. These materials include "calcium", "silicon", "aluminum", "iron" and
other materials such as clay and limestone. Moreover, the production process involves crushing and screening of certain amount of "calcium
compounds", "silica", "alumina" and "iron oxide". After this process the whole mixture is placed in "rotating cement kiln". Different kind of materials
are used in this regard. These include "limestone", "sandstone", "marl", "shale", "iron", "clay", and "fly ash".
There are various kinds of cements present in the market basing on different need and nature of construction. One of the most famous type in this
regard is "Portland" cement. It is generally described as the most commonly and frequently used type of cement around the globe. It is also considered
as main component of "concrete", "mortar", "stucco", and "most non–specialty grout". Portland cement was manufactured in "England in the mid–19th
century". It is commonly made from "limestone".
In order to manufacture cement a special plant and a complete assembly is needed. There are different parts of cement plant. These parts include heavy
chains, chillers, silos, mixtures, conveyer belts, cranes and other such heavy machinery. "The cement plant sector uses numerous continuous handling
systems to deliver bulk components through various stages of cement manufacturing. There

final internship report
FINAL
INTERNSHIP
REPORT
Internship in Sustainable Development
Period: June through August 2011
Personnummer: 19840413–5389
September 9
2011
Author:
Clara Ruiz
INTRODUCTION
The following report describes the activities carried out during a 12week,
full–time
internship
at
the
INTER–AMERICAN

CEMENT
FEDERATION FICEM–APCAC. The document contains information about the organization and the responsibilities performed throughout the period
between June and August 2011. More than a plain account of tasks, the objective of this text is to reflect upon the experiences collected during the
internship from the perspective of a MSc student in
Sustainable Development.
The first part of the report offers an ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
3. XXVIII TECHNICAL CONGRESS
As explained before, the Technical Congress is held on a yearly basis. It is a fixed date in the agenda of many production and technology managers
from member cement companies in the Iberian–American region and technology suppliers from all over the world. The event has two major purposes:
first, the exchange of best practices in production, quarry restoration, environmental stewardship, organizational health and safety and other technical
topics and sharing of state–of–the–art related technology. Second, to provide a marketplace for technology buyers and suppliers, creating attractive
business and networking opportunities.
As briefly stated above, my main responsibility was to take care of the trade exhibition that takes place within the framework of the Technical
Congress. The show room is one, if not the main, source of financing the event. Throughout the three months spent at the Federation I made contacts,
sold the exhibition spaces and sponsorship packages, coordinated the promotion material for the exhibitors, followed–up merchandise deliveries,
participant's
registrations,
programs
for
spouses, payments, the social agenda, the academic program (including paper call) and the congress' website.
Naturally, I

Cement Mason Research Paper
I wanted to become a cement mason because I love working with my hands and learning new things and bringing them to life. To become a cement
mason, I recommend you have good hand skills and upper body strength and be very persistent with your work. When I was younger I always saw
men working on the side of the streets and highways around my city with these big trucks. I always wanted to know what they were doing and what
was in the back of the trucks.
When I got older I later found out that the work that I see was done by union workers. I stared to look deeper into the union and found out that there
are many jobs to be done in the career filed. Like a job of a cement mason consist of pour, smooth, and finish concrete floors, sidewalks, roads ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Cement mason main job is to install and finish concrete this might involve different things they might make beams, plates or columns of concrete or
make decorative finishes like colorization. Some masons perform the entire procedure from beginning to end on their own. Before applying concrete
mason must first attach and line up the forms that hold the concrete. They then direct the workers to shovel or pour the concrete smoothly and
correctly. The next step is to screed the surface which consists of leveling the top of the concrete using a flat tool straightedge.
To become a cement mason finisher in union you must be 18 years of age to, and it's a must to have your high school and driving listens. Cement
masons must have a clear vision, visualization and physical stamina a related job to cement are plasters they help build and spread many layers of
cement on walls the pay rate of finisher and plaster is about $24.54 per hour and the salary is about

Urban Alienation in Ian McEwan's The Cement Garden Essay
Urban Alienation in Ian McEwan's The Cement Garden
It was not at all clear to me now why we had put her in the trunk in the first place. At the time it had been obvious, to keep the family together. Was
that a good reason? It might have been more interesting to be apart. Nor could I think whether what we had done was an ordinary thing to do
In this essay I shall be examining the socio–cultural context of The Cement Garden by Ian McEwan (1948 – ). Once placed within context, an
examination of the internal worlds of the bereaved children will follow. Attention is given to events from the perspective of Jack, the adolescent
narrator and an exploration is made of how the individual interior world of each child fuses into the others and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
(p.9)
McEwan thus catapults the reader directly into the tormented mental world of Jack. We then only observe the external world of Jack and his siblings
from his single viewpoint. All is filtered through his lonely and questionable perception. McEwan thus leaves it to the reader to analyse the action of
the novel from the filter of Jack's naГЇve, twisted but prevailing perspective. This creates a sense of the claustrophobia that pervades the boy's world.
The discomfort that readers feel parallels and prepares them for Jack's anguished, alienated and contained inner world. The family, even before the
parents' death, is divided within itself and isolated from other people. Thus Jack's lonely voice lends the narration an air of obsessive and unhealthy
emphasis on the very factors that create, generate and sustain the isolated obsessions dominating this family.
The writer's concentrated narrative makes the cultural and social location of the family difficult to determine. We know they are disassociated from
mainstream society as a family unit, but individually they attend work and school, so what makes them different as a group, and in what way is the
family different from wider society? We are told that they are a white family living on the decayed outskirts of an unnamed British city. We are not told
the father's occupation, but we

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Ordinary Portland Cement
General
Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) is most widely used cementitious material and is the second most consumed resource in the world as it forms the
basic ingredient in concrete and Bricklayer Joseph Aspdin of Leeds, England first prepared Portland cement early in the 19th century by sweltering
powdered limestone and clay in his kitchen stove [13]; this laid the foundation for an industry to develop a binder called ordinary Portland cement. The
major applications of concrete in the construction field such as infrastructure, habitation and transportation have greatly influenced in affecting the
economic progress by improving the stability and quality of life to a very wide extent.
However, inherent disadvantages are that production of Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) using raw materials such as limestone and clay are depleting
and quarrying of them is causing the source for environmental degradation. OPC production involves a very high energy intensive and exothermic
process, as because it consumes 4Gj energy and produces about one ton of carbon dioxide, where it significantly contributes to 5% of global carbon ...
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The achieved coal is mainly composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen (nitrogen and sulphur being minor elements) which are combustible in nature,
and it also consists of impurities (10 to 40%) existing in the form of clay, shale, quartz, feldspar and limestone. As the coal enters the furnace, the
combustible elements of the coal are scalded at the elevated temperatures, whereas the mineral impurities of the coal chemically recombine to produce
crystal clear parts of the molten ash. Later, the molten ash enters the flue gas and by lowering the temperature rapidly the ash turns into spherical,
glassy particles. Furthermost these particles fly out along with the flue gas stream and hence the names fly ash. Finally, electrostatic precipitator
collects all the fly ash

Cement Industries, Raw Materials, Production Rate And...
CEMENT MANUFACTURING IN SOUTH INDIA
By :Rakesh Kumar Sharma (12CV79)
Nikhil Kumar (12CV62)
Mohit Kumar Meena (12CV53)
NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY KARNATAKA
CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
NOVEMBER 2014
E–Mail: rakesh.mails2@gmail.com
CEMENT MANUFACTURING IN SOUTH INDIA: INDUSTRIES, RAW MATERIALS, PRODUCTION RATE & TECHNOLOGY
ABSTRACT
The Critical Review paper about CEMENT INDUSTRIES IN SOUTH INDIA talks about the various cement industries established in southern part of
India, their feasibility of site, their raw materials , production rate and the technology used by them. The paper talks about the importance of cement
industries in south India, The main resources needed for the production, shortage of the resources if any, and then it incorporates critics based on the
finding at the end along with a short mail interview with ACC South Chief Executive, Mr. Anuj Khajanchi. The study on the paper is done by
RAKESH KUMAR SHARMA, NIKHIL KUMAR, and MOHIT KUMAR MEENA. All the resources and data are collected from Internet.
INTRODUCTION
Cement is the binding material that holds the concrete together, and is therefore a basic need for every construction involving concrete or biding of
basic blocks like bricks. Also concrete is the second most consumed material after water, with nearly 3 tonnes used annually for each person in world.
The manufacturing process of cement consists of mixing, drying and grinding of limestone, clay and silica into composite mass. The

Cement, Neopolymer and Similar Compositions
2.Conventional cement
The function of cement is for isolating production zone and to provide support for the casing [11].Portland cement is made up of calcium oxide
(CaO), silicon dioxide (SiO) and water (H2O) which the composition of calcium carbonate is around 75–80 wt% and 20–25 wt% of clay [7],[14]..
Compressive strength of Portland cement is developed through hydration. Hydration is chemical reaction between water and cement compound. The
rheology and early strength of cement is developed from reaction of aluminate compound at the beginning of hydration. Rate of hydration can be
control by adding gypsum. It is for preventing the premature hardening of cement. Gypsum will react with aluminate and hydroxyl ion to form
ettrigate. Ettrigate will prevent hydration process by forming needle shaped crystal on the aluminate and creating induction period [11].
Some addictive can be added to the cement to enhance the properties of cement. There are accelerator, retarder, extender, weighting agent, dispersant,
fluid loss control agent and loss circulation agent [11].
AcceleratorUse to speed up the early stages of hydration. Applicable in shallow well.
RetarderInhibit hydration and slow the setting time of cement. Applicable in deep well.
ExtenderReduce slurry density, thus reduce the hydrostatic pressure during cementing operation. Extender use to prevent break down and loss of
circulation of weak formation.
Weighting agentIncrease cement density by adding high

Case Study Of Logistics At Ambuja Cement
Over the years ACC has reported an average capacity consumption rate of 86%, and Ambuja's average utilisation pace stands high at 93%. During
certain years, Ambuja Cements somehow managed to produce even more than their total installed capacity. So the company has not only added their
capacity at a rapid, swift, pace, but has also attained high utilisation rates throughout most of its operations. This shows the top level of efficiency in
Ambuja Cement's operations.
Logistics at Ambuja Cement
Inbound logistics today is highly inefficient. Most retailers use multiple systems to manage the process and so suffer from fragmented visibility.
Prioritisation and scheduling of orders are done on an ad hoc basis, with little consideration of current demand and inventory, while scarce resources,
such as dock door and yard capacity, are often poorly utilised.
Integrated Logistics System ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The costs of key inputs coal, power and transport by rail or road are spiraling year–on–year. The coal is of poor quality, with high ash and low calorific
value content. There is need to introduce competition for improving quality, regularity in supply and reduced prices. The power from public utilities is
of poor quality due to frequent power cuts and fluctuating voltage.
Transport by rail or road is a cost–intensive component and amounts to almost 15–20 per cent of the delivered cost to the consumers. The railway tariff
is high and need to be rationalised for an essential product like cement. Road transport on the other hand, provides limited alternative because of
inadequacy of road network and rising cost of road transport due to continuously rising fuel cost. Inland water transport is eco–friendly and cheap mode
especially for bulk commodities like cement. Coastal shipping and inland waterways will help in bringing down the transportation cost.
To Increase Use Of

Globalization of Cemex
Case 7: The Globalization of CEMEX
Questions: 1. What benefits have CEMEX and the other global competitors in cement derived from globalization? More broadly, how can cross–border
activities add value in an industry as apparently localized as cement?
The globalization has significantly boosted profitability growth of companies in the cement industry through international trade and cross border
investment flows. Possibility to operate in different foreign markets helps companies to diversify its business. It is highly beneficial strategy for
cement companies because of the cyclical and economic downturns and upswings of the industry in different regions of the world. Also because of the
localized specifics of cement production ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These mergers ensured its market share leadership and gave financial resources to geographically expand further. In the same way CEMEX acquired
large companies in Spain and Venezuela. What also made CEMEX a global leader is its emphasis on emerging markets. CEMEX gained a lot in the
emerging markets because of the existing higher price–earnings ratios comparing to those in advanced markets.
In addition CEMEX's heavy investments on IT had changed the way the company operated in a market comparing to its rivals. Company was one of
the first who started automating plant operations in accounting and sales as well. At the end of the 1980s, it set up a satellite network so that it could
transmit all the internal data of its plants around the world to its headquarters in Mexico. Also automation reduced human resources costs: a small group
of employees can now run a big cement plant. Moreover CEMEX's IT department found the ways to improve customer relationship management
through the GPS navigational systems in trucks that guaranteed 20–minute site delivery.
3. What accounts for the sequence in which CEMEX entered foreign markets? How do markets it had entered recently compare with the markets it
entered early on?
According to the author of the article CEMEX entered foreign markets through various stages of the expansion process: opportunity identification, due
diligence, and post–merger integration. 1. Opportunity identification. In order to identify new

Seven Skills And Competencies Of Dangote Cement
3.2.7 Skills and Competencies of Dangote Cement.
The skills and competencies of Dangote Cement are well tailored to affirm it strategic position and according to Pitt and Koufopoulos (2012), they
argued that it is vital for businesses to conduct a periodic analysis of their internal and external business environment in order to identify the threats that
it may encounter and to identify opportunities so that resources would be deployed effectively. Also, Hart (1992) posit that every organisation must
have an array of resources and competencies for the creation of a competitive edge and Dangote Cement boast of having in its portfolio a wide array of
both human and capital resources in addition to competencies which is evident in the type of products ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Dangote controls 70% market share hence, making it control buyers by price fluctuation. According to Wheelen and Hunger (2008), they stated that
buyers of commodities of an enterprise affect the marketplace through the strategy of price control, negotiation for more service and play business
competitors against themselves. Competitors like Lafarge and BUA Cement control only 30% of the market which makes them susceptible to constant
control by its high cluster buyers all in a bid to earn more turnover from sales which supports Johnson and Scholes (2012) argument that the buying
power of customers may be high when there is a high cluster of buyers and high purchase

Concrete Shoes Research Paper
2.Lengths, Diameters and Weights
In this section, the typical concrete pipe dimensions and weights are shown. They are designed to withstand heavy external loading while providing
optimum flows in highway, storm or sewer projects.
Figure вЂЋIII.1 Typical Concrete Cylinder Pipes Staked in Site
Table вЂЋIII.1 Round Concrete Pipe Specifications
Round Concrete Pipe
Inside DiameterLength(inch)Wall ThicknessWeight Per Foot
12"4,6,82.0"100
15"4,6,82.25"128
18"4,6,82.5"168
24"4,6,83.0"268
30"4,6,83.5"385
36"4,6,84.0"524
42"4,6,84.5"684
48"4,6,85.0"868
54"4,65.5"1,070
60"4,6,86.0"1,209
66"4,66.5"1,540
72"4,7.57.0"1,800
Table вЂЋIII.2 Reinforced Concrete Pipe End Section Specifications
Round Concrete Pipe End ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Highway Loads
Pipe conduits shall be designed for one HS20–44 truck per lane except where passing beneath railroad tracks. The wheel loads shall be distributed
through the fill to the top of the pipe as follows: Transverse (with reference to truck) spread of wheels = 1.67+1.75F Longitudinal (with reference to

truck) spread of wheels = 0.83+1.75F Where F = depth of fill over top of conduit in feet. 1. Truck loads on pipe conduits for covers of 8 feet and less
are as follows: TABLE OF VERTICAL LIVE LOADS Cover "F" Wheel Load L.L. Pressure Feet Kips PSF 1 16.0 2357 * 2 32.0 967 3 32.0 530 4 32.0
322 5 48.0 245 6 48.0 193 7 48.0 156 8 48.0 129 9 48.0 108 10 48.0 92 These values include the effect of overlapping wheel loads and also the effect of
impact: 30% for F = 1', 20% for F = 2', and 10% for F = 3'. * Wheel loads do not overlap. 2. For covers exceeding 8 feet, the effect of truck live loads
shall be assumed to be negligible.
2.Railroad Loading
Conduits passing under railroads shall be designed in accordance with the requirements of the particular railroad. In general, the minimum design loads
are as follows:
Railroad Cooper Loading Burlington and Santa Fe E 80 Southern Pacific E 72 Union Pacific E 72
3.Other External

Acc cements
ACC was among the first Indian companies to adopt automation of information technology. We started computerizing our systems as early as 1968– a
commitment to progress through the harnessing of relevant available technologies, a practice that continues even today.
We have traveled a long way from our early days when we were using simple keypunching machines. Significant improvements have been made in
application systems and infrastructure since then – from Batch processing to on–line systems, from IBM 1401 and Data General system to the latest
Linux/UNIX and Windows 2003 based machines. We have made timely transitions determined by available technologies and business requirements.
In February 2007 the company made a quantum jump from ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
ACC 's Tikaria plant engages nearly 4,000 trucks for this exercise. Due to the speed initiative the tonnage per truck has increased increasing
productivity and is time saving thus allowing trucks to make more trips to the plant in the same given time.
ACC has also deployed Radio Frequency Identification Device (RFID) and Global Positioning System (GPS) in all vehicles for effective tracking of
vehicles and keeping in constant contact with drivers.
"Inward and outward transportation forms a significant share of ACC 's overall costs and the Speed initiative has allowed about 5% saving in costs.
With 30 million tonnes cement moved across the country by various ACC plants which engage about 12,000 heavy duty vehicles the savings from this
initiative can be huge when adopted across all plants" said Director ACC Tikaria Plant, N Keshav.
Tikaria was the first cement plant in the country to adopt such a logistics project and would soon take it to all 16 plants of the country said,
Director–Logistics, Tushar Dave. He said that the program has also led to manpower efficiency and drivers find it more convenient and comfortable to
do their duty.
Acc to hindu
ACC Ltd. has embarked on an initiative to improve the efficiency of its supply chain, which include 10,000 trucks that carry cement from its plants to
sales outlets across the country.

Transportation costs account for 35 per cent of the total

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Expansive Additives
Hydration and expansion mechanisms of expansive additives
Abstract
Concrete is the most frequency used material in construction industry. However, during its service life, concrete experiences volume changes
especially the shrinkage which can lead to cracking and failure of the material. To overcome the cracking problem, expansive additives are widely used
to reduce the shrinkage of concrete. In this review, the general background and definition of expansive additives, types of expansive additives, synthesis
process, hydration schemes and some feasible expansion mechanisms of the expansive additives are described.
1. Introduction
In the hydration reaction of Portland cement, the absolute volume of hydration products formed is less than the total volume of the reacted cement and
water. This volume reduction is called the chemical shrinkage. After setting of the cement paste, microstructure of the paste is developed as a result
that the paste is not able to change its bulk volume freely; therefore, only a fraction of total chemical shrinkage results in a decrease of its external
volume which is known as autogenous shrinkage. While, the rest of total shrinkage presents as an increase of the internal porosity [1].
Another kind of bulk shrinkage of cement is called drying shrinkage. Drying ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The colloidal ettringite crystals are formed by a through–solution mechanism in the presence of saturated calcium hydroxide. The presence of calcium
hydroxide decreases the reaction rate of aluminates, thus it causes the formation of colloidal sized ettringite crystals. Because, the colloidal ettringite
crystals have a high specific surface area and they be able to adsorb water which surround the crystals, and eventually cause interparticle repulsion
(swelling). This repulsion incurs an expansion of the

Industrial And Agricultural Wastes : A Heterogeneous Mix...
Concrete as is well known is a heterogeneous mix of cement, water and aggregates. The admixtures may be added in concrete in order to enhance
some of the properties desired specially. In its simplest form, concrete is a mixture of paste and aggregates. Various materials are added such as fly
ash, rice husk, and admixture to obtain concrete of desired property. The character of the concrete is determined by quality of the paste. The key to
achieving a strong, durable concrete rests in the careful proportioning, mixing and compacting of the ingredients.
The waste materials locally available are efficiently deployed to improve the functioning of the rural–based industries. Civil Engineers are always in
search of waste materials that can be used as a blending component in cements to improve its quality and to reduce the cost. Several investigations have
been carried out to utilize waste material in construction. Apart from getting rid of these materials, their use in construction protects the environment
from contamination. Industrial and agricultural wastes are used for the production of low cost building materials. Agro–industrial wastes such as
tobacco waste, non–edible oil cake and hyacinth have been used successfully for installing bio–gas plants. Agricultural residues such as bagasse, rice
husk and rice straw are utilized in the production of light weight clay bricks. Industrial wastes such as blast furnace slag, fertilizer wastes, fly ash, silica
fumes and incinerators

A Survey on the Impact of Green Procurement in the Cement...
TABLE OF CONTENT DECLARATIONi TABLE OF CONTENT..........................................................................ii
–iii CHAPTER ONE:
INTRODUCTION....................................................................1 1.1 Background of the Study1 1.1.1 The Kenyan Cement Industries3 1.2 Statement of
the Problem4 1.3 Objectives of the Study5 1.4 Significance of the Study5 1.5 Justification for the Study6 1.6 Scope of the study6 CHAPTER TWO:
LITERATURE REVIEW7 2.0 Introduction7 2.1 The concept of green procurement7 2.2 Appreciation of Green Procurement in the Cement Industry7
2.3 Green Procurement Practises in the Cement Industry9 2.4 The Impact of Green Procurement on the Performance of the Organization10 2.5.
Conceptual framework11 CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY13 3.0 Introduction13... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are a number of obstacles for implementing green procurement programs and this include, lack of readily available environmental friendly
products, zero or expensive environmental alternatives, inaccurate studies, lack of organizational support and inaccurate or unsupported environmental
claims by the manufacturers and suppliers. Others are legislation, organizational policies, and directives, environmental management systems or multi –
lateral agreements often require organizations to implement a green procurement program (Worrell, Martin, Hendriks and Meida, 2001). Labeling and
certification requirements vary, so a green procurement officer may think that he or she is doing the right thing by procuring a product which bears a
"green" label and later learn that the product is not more environmentally responsible than that of a competitor, even though it is more expensive. Good
procurement officers will investigate their sources with care, taking the time to confirm that the claims made by a company are accurate and
comparing data from different sources to see which vendor is the best (Alsop and Post, 1995). Companies which engage in green procurement
processes may be eligible for environmental certification, formal recognition from the government, and other perks. Projecting a sustainable image can
also be a valuable marketing tool which a company may use

Briefing Paper : Lucky Cement Limited
BRIEFING PAPER: LUCKY CEMENT LIMITED
INTRODUCTION
Lucky Cement Limited (LCL) started its operation in 1996 in Pezu plant, Pakistan and currently are the largest producer and exporter of cement in
Pakistan with the capability of producing around 25,000 tons per day of dry process cement (Lucky Cement Limited, 2011). Since, inception they have
been constantly been growing and now have two operational (Pezu and Karachi) plants in the country. Maintaining the distinction of being
customer–centric, LCL produces Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), Sulphate Resistant Cement, Block Cement and Clinker for corporate clients and
individual customers. Although cement industry in Pakistan has shown growth of 2.5%, however LCL grew by 9.2% in 2013–2014 (Lucky Cement
Annual Report, 2014). This briefing paper is focused on Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) which is cement offered by LCL. For the information
purposes, I have been associated with LCL for the last few years, most information which is shared in this paper is the result of personal experience,
discussion with management, understanding of product and industry.
ANALYSIS OFMARKETING ENVIRONMENT
There are 24 players in cement industry of Pakistan and LCL leads the market with the highest percentage of installed production capacity in Pakistan
(APCMA, 2014).
The macro forces which would affect OPC would be analysed by PESTEL analysis (Kotler et al. 2012). Political situation of Pakistan is not healthy
(Haroon, 2014). The cement industry

Cement Industry
Investments in the cement industry of Pakistan
The construction and material sector of Pakistan is supporting like the right hand in the economy of Pakistan. Though the cement industry in Pakistan
has witnessed its lows and highs in recent past, it has recovered during the last couple of years and is buoyant once again. Pakistan cement factories
continue to make significant progress in cement exports. The industry is contributing around Rs. 30 billion per annum to the national exchange in the
shape of excise duty and other taxes and is also adding around Rs. 100 billion to the GDP of the country each year. The industry has been offering
direct and indirect employment opportunities to more than one lakh people. Total investment in the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Sources said the consortium of Pakistan banks, which was financing the Dewan Cement, has now approached the Lucky Cement Company and the DG
Khan Cement Company with a view to convince them to strike a deal either to acquire the controlling shares of Dewan Cement or at least make a
partnership with the said company.
Sources said the consortium is doing so to avoid the losses, which may increase in near future. The company registered a net loss of Rs499 million in
fiscal 2008 as compared to a net profit of Rs207 million in fiscal 2007, they added. In June 2008 shareholders' approval was sought for the possible sale
of strategic assets. The management anticipated continued difficult economic conditions giving rise to liquidity shortage in the financial sector, they
added. The shareholders of the company in an extraordinary general meeting of the company had passed a special resolution and authorized the Board
of Directors of the Company to sell or alienate the company's North Cement manufacturing unit.
When the Dewan Cement Company was unable to obtain financial support from the financial institutions for commissioning of Line II in South region,
it had to divert existing working capital towards completing the project. This further aggravated the cash flow situation forcing the management to call
an Extra Ordinary General Meeting to seek permission for the Sale of North Plant. In order to

The Expansion Of The Bamburi Cement Company
Executive summary. This is a business proposal on the expansion of the Bamburi cement company, by establishing a branch in Thailand. It shows how
the venture will be established, how raw materials will be transported from Kenya to Thailand, the distribution channel of the brand from the product
from the manufacturing plant to the outlet, financing of the venture and the overall operations of the
Table of contents
1.0.Introduction.
2.0.The Company and the Products and Services.
2.1.Barriers to market introduction.
2.2.The unique selling point and direct competitive advantage.
2.3.Transportation and logistics.
2.4.Product modifications.
2.5.Product maintenance.
3.0.Country situation analysis.
3.1.Cultural and social ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The company will transport raw materials from its home country to Thailand for the cement manufacture. This will be a foreign direct investment since
the venture will utilize Thailand labor in the process of production. Following a market research conducted by the company among Ten Asian States,
Thailand was identified as the most favorable market destination in Asia for the Bamburi cement company's products. Thailand has several major cities
among them Bangkok, Nonthaburi, Pak Kret, Hat Yai, Chiang Mai among other heavily populated and built cities. The company will however face stiff
competition from local cement companies like the Siam cement and the Portland cement. The company must therefore enter the market with a
competitive style to market and sell its produce. The company will operate in Bangkok as the initial outlet point, and plough back generated profits by
establishing branches in Nonthaburi and Hat Yai. The cement manufacturing plant will be located in Yala where the research committee has identified
a suitable location for a processing plant.
2.0.The company and products and services
2.1.Barriers to market introduction Market entry of a new product is always a challenging task and the company must put measures in place to
withstand the unanticipated challenges ( Peterson, 2012). To begin with, the product will experience tariff barrier. This is because the company is
foreign to Thailand

Cement Mold Essay
Protecting Your Investment: How To Deal With Mold On Fiber Cement Siding
Your home's exterior can be a serious drain on your time and finances, but you're going to do whatever it takes to keep it beautiful. When it comes to
protecting your investment of fiber cement siding, mold can be a constant consideration. Here's how to keep the problem under control and stop it from
taking too much of your time and money.
What Causes Mold On Your Home'sSiding?
The optimum conditions for mold to grow on your siding depend on three variables: Water, humidity and light exposure. If, for example, an area of
your home is shaded, it's not likely to dry as fast as the areas in direct sunlight, making it more conducive to mold growth. Any section that ... Show
Divide the exterior into sections and clean them in an order that allows you to keep track. Focus extra effort on the areas of mold with your
cleaner, applying force with a brush. Start your overall cleaning at the top of the home, so your cleaner can work on lower areas as it trickles down.
Rinse all solution away before it has a chance to dry, possibly damaging your siding in the process. Be careful not to point the hose upward on siding,
where water could possibly seep in.
Because siding is a major investment for any homeowner, you might also consider hiring a professional to clean it, particularly if you're concerned
about tough stains, using a chemical that could cause damage or if taking this task on yourself leaves you vulnerable to injury.
Can You Prevent Mold On Siding?
Especially with the passage of time and according to your local climate, you can expect to see some discoloration and growth on your siding; however,
there are steps you can take to minimize these issues:
If possible, avoid keeping your siding in the shade. You can do this by trimming trees and hedges that are blocking sunlight. Most especially if you
have hard water (which leads to hard water stains), keep sprinklers directed away from your siding. Regularly clean your siding from simple
build–ups, such as mud splatter from rains. Keep your gutters in good working order, so that excess water isn't running down directly on your siding.

Try to

The Story Of Rosendale Cement Essay
The story of Rosendale cement begins over 375 million years ago during the Ordovician, Silurian and Devonian periods. Layers of sedimentary rock–
limestone, dolostone, sandstone, shale, and conglomerate– began to build up in a stratified sequence. During the Devonian period through the Permian,
a series of tectonic collisions caused the rock sequence to fold and fault in a way that created brittle fractures. This made the mining of the rock used in
natural cement –dolostone– very precarious to mine and resulted in what Dietrich Werner and Kurtis C. Burmeister describe as "engineering wonders."
Dolostone for cement mining came from the Rondout formation, which was comprised of three stratigraphic members– Rosendale, Glasco, and
Whiteport. Only the Rosendale and Whiteport members were suitable for use as natural cement, which led to additional difficulties in engineering the
mines .
The history of cement itself goes back thousands of years. The first sign of cement use comes from the Egyptians, with the use of lime as the
"calcareous adhesive", which they burnt and powdered and can be found cementing the pyramids together still. The Greeks were the next to use lime
mortar, "prepared much as it is prepared today." They also found that certain volcanic deposits combined with water gave increased strength and
durability to the mortar. This technological advance was copied by the Romans who were able to make an "admirable hydraulic cement" as they saw
constructing a building out

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Glass Ionomer Cement
Glass ionomer cement[GIC], invented by Wilson and Kent, has been used as a dental restorative material for more than four decades and its properties
are constantly improved to overcome its shortcomings. The unique properties of GIC include direct adhesion to tooth and base metals [1],
anticariogenic properties [2], thermal compatibility with tooth enamel and dentin, minimized microleakage at the tooth–enamel interface, biological
compatibility, and minimal cytotoxicity. The disadvantages of GIC such as Brittleness, low tensile and flexural strengths has limited its use to low
stress–bearing sites such as Class III and Class V cavities [3]. Various studies have been done to improve the properties of GIC by incorporation of
materials such as bioglass, CPP–ACP etc. In our study we have incorporated chitosan to enhance the properties of GIC.
Chitosan is a natural linear bio–polyaminosaccharide. It is a hydrolyzed (deacetylated) derivative of chitin which is the principal component ... Show
Though there are different classes of fluoride releasing materials, their properties need to be improved significantly before considering them as
universal restorative materials. Although a single material would be desirable, compromises may be necessary when selecting materials.
CONCLUSION
Within the limitations of the present study, it can be concluded that stronger, more durable material (10v/v% Chitosan modifiedglass ionomer cement)
could be selected for posterior occlusal restorations, while higher fluoride releasing material (50v/v% Chitosan modified glass ionomer cement) could
be selected for individuals with high caries risk and in areas subjected to less stress.
It is hoped that the laboratory measurements of flexural and Micro–Shear bond strength may aid the interpretation of future studies of the clinical
performance of Chitosan modified

Post Tension Concrete Essay
Post tension concrete is an advanced technique in the construction industry. It promotes higher loading concentrations, longer spans, thinner slabs,
lighter structures and rapid constructions. The seventh sense apartment project in Colombo 7 is one of the first ongoing post tension constructions in
Sri Lanka at the moment. I wish to observe this technique and intend to identify the setbacks in the system to check the suitability of such a technology
in this environment. Currently they are constructing a transfer plate slab which is said to be the first if its nature due to the complexity of the structural
design.
Research Context
Concrete is the oldest and most common material used in the construction industry. It consists of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It also enables us to construct on impossible soil types. to have a better control of deflection, water – tightness. it also enhances seismic resistivity due
to its lower mass.
There are many differences that play a major role between reinforced concrete and post tensioned concrete. The reinforced concrete is a very time
consuming system. Each and every steel bar has to be individually placed and tied together. Whereas in the post tension system is not as time
consuming. Due to the tendons taking most of the load, the steel quantity is cut down by more than half (usually).
Proposed Methodology
The seventh sense project is currently under construction, so it is the chance for me to observe the construction of such a technology. Since the
construction is taking place step by step, it will be easier for me to observe and identify the difficulties of the technology in Sri Lanka.
The post tension procedure is divided into main categories:
Placing of bottom reinforcement
Laying of Post Tension Tendons
Placing of top reinforcement
Concreting of slab
Stressing of tendons

Grouting of ducts (1)
Nowadays engineers are more worried about the safety aspects of a construction. This site has more safety measures than any other site in Sri Lanka
due to the nature of its construction.
During the concreting and curing the strands will be protruding at the end, so they should be

The Pros And Cons Of Concrete
Trying to decide which material to pave your driveway with can often be a confusing task when you consider that there are many different options
available to you that can all prove to be very beneficial in their own ways. However, there are a few reasons to pave your driveway with concrete
instead of those other options, such as the three listed below.
The Concrete Can Be Customized
One of the biggest advantages that concrete has over the other driveway paving options is that the concrete can be customized. For example, if you
want to get away from the standard black or gray driveway that your neighbors most likely have, you can choose to have your driveway constructed
from concrete and then have the contractor stain the concrete into a completely

Cement Planter Incident
For the past week, I have spent every waking hour trying to figure out an incident that occurred in my front yard: what had happened to a 400–pound
cement flower planter, to be exact. On one relaxing Saturday evening in late November 2015, my sister came to visit and had noted our cement
planter had been tipped over. With no account of who did this or when it had happened, I delved into the mystery of how this massive planter had
tipped over. Before I get into this story, I'd like to point out something I never thought about before I attempted to resolve this mystery. That is, the
phenomena described as seeing an object every day, and then the object is moved or taken away and the change is not noticed. For instance, how
many times do you drive past the same scenery every day? Same... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Looking at the aerial view of my house, it can be noted that a car could effectively turn around using my driveway without having to pull up much
farther than the planters. Who had pulled up far enough into the driveway to turn around and hit the planter? As one who nurses doubt, this fallen
planter has caused uncertainty beyond belief. If it wasn't my sister or two friends, who had needed to pull up into the driveway far enough to hit the
planter when they were backing out? As much as I want to be sure on this situation, I simply can't be.
When I had first delved into this mystery, a conclusion seemed so feasible. I would just have to talk to the right people, ask the right questions,
and the planter tipper would just become one solid answer. Now, over a week later, I feel like shaking everyone by the shoulders, like an irritated
policeman. Who tipped this planter, and why didn't they fess up about it? I suppose some mysteries will never be solved, and we will have to pick up
our toppled flower planter and carry

Personal Narrative: My Concrete Work
My concrete working experience I have learnt many skills helping me day with work pouring concrete and laboring for block layers. First let me give
you a little background. My dad was worked as a bricklayer since he was sixteen. He has done the same type of work for most of his life, and that's
where I come in. My first job was in the summer of 2012 My dad asked me if I wanted to go along and help him with a side job he had going. I said
sure and we headed out around nine o'clock. Our first job was to replace a concrete pad and stairs for this house that was up for sale. We had to set up
forms for the concrete, and pour it. I learned how to oil up forms so the concrete didn't stick.
The second job I remember helping out with was at the same house. The man who bought the house wanted a retaining wall built along the side of
his house. We had to pour a concrete footer to start laying the brick and block on. As my dad was laying the brick and block, I was mixing the mortar
in a ratio of ВЅ bucket of water: 2 shovels of mortar: 4 shovels of sand. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
My neighbor was fixing up his house and he asked my dad to do some lick and stick stone work, and to pour a new driveway. I was busy the first
few day, so my dad did most of the setting up by himself. However when I was free we had to parge the wall. Parging a wall is wire mesh that has
mortar with grooves in it so the stone have something to bond too. After we finished we had to leave for the mortar to set up. Then we went back go
to lay the stone. Laying the stones was easy. We just mixed up mortar and put it on the back of the stones and press them to the

The Pros And Cons Of Portland Pozzolana Cement
4.What is PPC Cement?
What is Pozzolana?
Pozzolana is a compounds possessing cement properties formed by silica materials with very little cement properties, reacted with calcium hydroxide
at ambient temperature. Pozzolana materials are natural fly ash, volcanic ash; produced by combustion of calcined clay and coal. Any of these
materials can be used in preparing Portland Pozzolana Cement.
How is Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC) manufactured?
PPC is produced in two ways:
1.Grinding pozzolana materials and portland cement clinker together with addition of gypsum or calicum sulphate.
2.Blending fine Pozzolana materials and Portland cement.
When Portland cement clinker is blended with the pozzolanic materials and the result is PPC.
Along with producing less ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In short but very long buildings, there are many damaging effects during earthquake shaking. And, in large plan area buildings like warehouses, the
horizontal seismic forces can be much more to be carried by columns and walls.
Horizontal Layout of Buildings
In short, the simple geometry buildings have performed better during the earthquakes. Buildings with re–entrant corners, such as those U, V, H and +
shaped in plan, have been able to sustain significant damage. Many times, the bad effects of earthquakes can be avoided by making the buildings in
two parts. Like, an L–shaped plan can be divided into two rectangular plan shapes using a partition point at the junction. At times, the plan of buildings
is simple, but the columns/walls are not equally distributed. Such buildings tend to twist during earthquake or shaking.
Vertical Layout of Buildings
The earthquake forces developed at a building differs for different floor levels. This force is supposed to be brought down along the shortest height to
the ground or it may path results in poor performance of the

The Famous Pozzolana Cement Of Ancient Rome Came From The...
The renowned Pozzolana cement of ancient Rome came from the mining of Volcanic Ash, which was abundant in aluminosilicate minerals. (Lea, 2015)
This specific cement, or indeed any aluminosilicate that react with lime in water to form cement is still referred to as Pozzolana or Pozzolan.
In 1756 in Devon, John Smeaton developed a hydraulic lime which would go on to be succeeded by Portland cement (Milana, 2011). Further progress
took place throughout the 1800s, but the actual concept of Portland Cement can be dated back to England in 1824. A man named Joseph Aspdin
formulated a material produced from a combination of clay and limestone (Illingworth, 2012). Portland Cement took its title from its similarity in
appearance to Portland Stone which was very commonly used in construction in England at the time.
It may be possible that one cannot deem the material produced by Aspdin as a real Portland cement as it perhaps did not reach the temperature to be
considered pure. Alternatively, the true exemplar could be the material made in 1850 by Isaac Johnson (Mason, 2015). The manufacture and production
of cement was occurring across the world by the 20th century.
2.3.3 Manufacture – If got time changing
PC is undoubtedly the most commonly used cement, with most other variations originating from it. There are two phases in the formation process of
PC: these being the production and grinding of clinker (Khoon, 1997). For the first process, preparation of the initial compounds is

Mason City Cement Plant History
It is not widely known that Mason City Iowa is home to the second and third top producing cement companies in North America, according http:/
/www.theconcreteproducer.com. This has "cemented" these companies into the history of Mason City.
The cement companies in Mason City are very historical. The changes the cement plant went through, the public opinion, and the effect it had on the
enviroment are what this essay will cover.
Firstly, Lehigh Hanson cement established in Mason City, Iowa in the early 20th century. The Northwestern States Cement Company produced there
first barrel of finished cement in 1908. In 1911 Charles MacNider took over management of The Northwestern States Cement Company.
Next, the cement plants have changed a lot ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
the cement plant had an impact on the enviroment. Before enviromental changes were made to the plant Stan Simmons quotes, " They didn't wan't
to have the dust collectors, they cost a lot of money. But when they made those new enviromental rules they had too. The dust covered the north
end on windy days." This shows it is an annoyance to people living on the north side of town. It would an annoyance to walk outside and get dust
all over you. "That stuff could also get in your cars and ruin the engine. It was got real bad when we upped our production and still didn't have the
enviromental changes in place." It also ruined cars. Thats at least ten thousond plus dollars lost for people. This is another example of how the
cement plant affected the enviroment. "We had to where dust masks too. Some of the old workers didn't. Oh it's harmless i've been working here
for years and haven't got lung disease. But after they said that they would discover they had something wrong with there lungs. The stuff also killed
wildlife in a close vicinity to the plant too. But you had to be exposed repeatedly to it for the dust to do real damage." This is the biggest way the
dust affected the enviroment. It not only harmed people that worked there but also forced wildife to move and killed it if it stayed to

Supply Chain In Cement Industry

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