1. Supply and demand are the market forces that determine price and quantity in a competitive market. The demand curve shows that as price decreases, quantity demanded increases, and the supply curve shows that as price increases, quantity supplied also increases.
2. Equilibrium occurs where the supply and demand curves intersect, establishing an equilibrium price and quantity where the amounts buyers want to purchase and sellers want to sell are equal.
3. Various factors can cause the supply and demand curves to shift, changing the equilibrium price and quantity in the market. Changes in income, prices of related goods, tastes and preferences, expectations, technology and number of buyers/sellers all impact supply and demand.
Shifts In Demand And Supply And Market EquilibriumShikhar Bafna
1. APPLICATION OF DEMAND AND SUPPLY
2. MARKET EQUILIBRIUM
3. SHIFT IN DEMAND AND SUPPLY
+ABSTRACT OF TOPICS TO BE COVERED:
1. PRICE DETERMINATION UNDER PERFECT COMPETITION
2. EQULIBRIUM PRICE (PERFECT COMPETITION)
WITH THE HELP OF MARKET EQUILIBRIUM, MARKET DEMAND, MARKET SUPPLY AND THE EQUILIBRIUM BETWEEN DEMAND AND SUPPLY AND EFFECTS OF GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION ON MARKET PRICE.
3. EFFECTS OF SHIFT IN DEMAND AND SUPPLY ON EQUILIBRIUM PRICE AND QUANTITY
A.RIGHTWARD AND LEFTWARD SHIFT IN DEMAND
B.RIGHTWARD AND LEFTWARD SHIFT IN SUPPLY
C.SIMULTANEOUS RIGHTWARD AND LEFTWARD SHIFT IN BOTH DEMAND AND SUPPLY
WITH THE HELP OF GRAPHS FOR EACH CASE.
4. CAUSES OF SHIFT IN DEMAND CURVES
5. CAUSES OF SHIFT IN SUPPLY CURVES
The Market Of Supply and Demand - EconomicsFaHaD .H. NooR
demand and supply
demand and supply curve
demand and supply graph
market force
market forces economics
market research
marketing force
supply and demand curve
supply and demand graph
supply chain management pdf
supply demand
supply demand curve
supply demand SlideShare
Shifts In Demand And Supply And Market EquilibriumShikhar Bafna
1. APPLICATION OF DEMAND AND SUPPLY
2. MARKET EQUILIBRIUM
3. SHIFT IN DEMAND AND SUPPLY
+ABSTRACT OF TOPICS TO BE COVERED:
1. PRICE DETERMINATION UNDER PERFECT COMPETITION
2. EQULIBRIUM PRICE (PERFECT COMPETITION)
WITH THE HELP OF MARKET EQUILIBRIUM, MARKET DEMAND, MARKET SUPPLY AND THE EQUILIBRIUM BETWEEN DEMAND AND SUPPLY AND EFFECTS OF GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION ON MARKET PRICE.
3. EFFECTS OF SHIFT IN DEMAND AND SUPPLY ON EQUILIBRIUM PRICE AND QUANTITY
A.RIGHTWARD AND LEFTWARD SHIFT IN DEMAND
B.RIGHTWARD AND LEFTWARD SHIFT IN SUPPLY
C.SIMULTANEOUS RIGHTWARD AND LEFTWARD SHIFT IN BOTH DEMAND AND SUPPLY
WITH THE HELP OF GRAPHS FOR EACH CASE.
4. CAUSES OF SHIFT IN DEMAND CURVES
5. CAUSES OF SHIFT IN SUPPLY CURVES
The Market Of Supply and Demand - EconomicsFaHaD .H. NooR
demand and supply
demand and supply curve
demand and supply graph
market force
market forces economics
market research
marketing force
supply and demand curve
supply and demand graph
supply chain management pdf
supply demand
supply demand curve
supply demand SlideShare
Concept of Elasticity
Types of Elasticity
Price Elasticity of Demand
Classification of price elasticity of demand
Determinants of price elasticity of demand
Price Elasticity of Supply
Classification of Price elasticity of supply
Determinants of Price elasticity of supply
Income Elasticity of Demand
Cross Elasticity of Demand
Alfred Marshall
Supply Demand and Equilibrium..
Market Exchange..
Law of Supply...
Law of Demand...
Laws of supply and demand versus the “theory of supply and demand”
Laws vs. Theory of Supply and Demand..
Different types of demand..
Market Supply ..
Demand Curve..
Supply Curve..
Market Equilibrium..
Elasticity..
Own price elasticity of demand..
Demand and Supply Analysis (Economics) Lecture NotesFellowBuddy.com
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We connect Students who have an understanding of course material with Students who need help.
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# Students can catch up on notes they missed because of an absence.
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Concept of Elasticity
Types of Elasticity
Price Elasticity of Demand
Classification of price elasticity of demand
Determinants of price elasticity of demand
Price Elasticity of Supply
Classification of Price elasticity of supply
Determinants of Price elasticity of supply
Income Elasticity of Demand
Cross Elasticity of Demand
Alfred Marshall
Supply Demand and Equilibrium..
Market Exchange..
Law of Supply...
Law of Demand...
Laws of supply and demand versus the “theory of supply and demand”
Laws vs. Theory of Supply and Demand..
Different types of demand..
Market Supply ..
Demand Curve..
Supply Curve..
Market Equilibrium..
Elasticity..
Own price elasticity of demand..
Demand and Supply Analysis (Economics) Lecture NotesFellowBuddy.com
FellowBuddy.com is an innovative platform that brings students together to share notes, exam papers, study guides, project reports and presentation for upcoming exams.
We connect Students who have an understanding of course material with Students who need help.
Benefits:-
# Students can catch up on notes they missed because of an absence.
# Underachievers can find peer developed notes that break down lecture and study material in a way that they can understand
# Students can earn better grades, save time and study effectively
Our Vision & Mission – Simplifying Students Life
Our Belief – “The great breakthrough in your life comes when you realize it, that you can learn anything you need to learn; to accomplish any goal that you have set for yourself. This means there are no limits on what you can be, have or do.”
Like Us - https://www.facebook.com/FellowBuddycom
Ripetizioni Economia Politica per Studenti Uninversitari
Principi di Economia
Based upon the textbook Principi di Economia di Mankiw
Livello Base
Parte II Domanda e offerta: come
funzionano i mercati / Contenuti
Capitolo 4
•
LE FORZE DI MERCATO DELLA DOMANDA E DELL’OFFERTA
Capitolo 5
L’ELASTICITÀ E LE SUE APPLICAZIONI
•
Capitolo 6
DOMANDA, OFFERTA E POLITICHE ECONOMICHE
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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2. • Demand and supply are two words that
economists use most often.
• These are the forces that make market
economies work.
• They determine the quantity of each good
produced and the price at which it is sold.
2
3. Markets and Competition
• What is a Market?
– A market is a group of buyers and sellers of a
particular good or service.
– The terms supply and demand refer to the
behavior of people as they interact with one
another in markets.
– Buyers determine demand for the product.
– Sellers determine supply of the product.
3
4. Markets and Competition
Cont…
• What is Competition?
– A business relation/rivalry in which two parties
compete to gain customers.
– Economists use the term competitive market to
describe a market in which there are many buyers
and sellers so that each has an impact on the
market price.
4
5. Markets and Competition
Cont…
• What is Competition? (Cont.)
– Economists believe that in order to be perfectly
competitive, markets must have the following
characteristics:
1. Products offered for sale are the same.
2. There are numerous buyers and sellers so that no
single buyer or seller has any influence over the
market price.
5
6. Markets and Competition
Cont…
• What is Competition? (Cont.)
– Not all goods and services are sold in perfectly
competitive markets.
– Some markets have only one seller, and this seller
sets the price.
– This situation refers to monopoly.
6
7. Demand
• Quantity demanded is the amount of the good that
buyers are willing and able to purchase.
• Many things determine the quantity demanded, but
one determinant plays a central role ---- the price of
the good.
• Quantity demanded falls as the price rises and rises
as the price falls, we say that these two are negatively
related.
7
8. Demand
Cont…
• This relationship is true in most cases, therefore,
economists term it as the law of demand.
• Law of Demand states that when the price of a good
rises, the quantity demanded falls and vice versa.
8
9. The Demand Curve: Relationship between Price
and Quantity Demanded
• Demand Schedule:
– It is a table that shows the relationship between
the price of the good and the quantity demanded.
9
11. The Demand Curve: Relationship between Price
and Quantity Demanded (Cont.)
• Demand Curve:
– It is a graph of the relationship between the price
of a good and the quantity demanded.
11
12. Demand Schedule and Demand Curve
Price of
Ice-Cream
$3.00
2.50
1. A decrease
2.00
in price ...
1.50
1.00
0.50
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Quantity of
Ice-Cream
2. ... increases quantity
of cones demanded. 12
13. The Demand Curve: Relationship between Price
and Quantity Demanded (Cont.)
• Market Demand:
– To analyze how markets work, we need to
determine the market demand.
– Market demand is the sum of all the individual
demands for a particular good or service.
13
14. Shifts in the Demand Curve
• Change in Demand:
– A shift in the demand curve, either to the left or
right.
– Caused by a change that alters the quantity
demanded (e.g. increase in tax).
14
15. Shifts in the Demand Curve
Price
Increase
in Demand
Decrease
in Demand
Demand
curve, D2
Demand
curve, D1
Demand curve, D3
0 Quantity
15
16. Shifts in the Demand Curve
• Factors that Cause Shifts in Demand Curve:
1. Consumer Income:
• As income increases the demand for a normal good will
increase.
• As income increases the demand for an inferior good
will decrease.
16
17. Shifts in the Demand Curve
Cont…
• Factors that Cause Shifts in Demand Curve (Cont.):
2. Prices of Related Goods:
• When a fall in the price of one good reduces the
demand for another good, the two goods are called
substitutes.
• When a fall in the price of one good increases the
demand for another good, the two goods are called
complements (e.g. cars and fuel).
17
18. Shifts in the Demand Curve
Cont…
• Factors that Cause Shifts in Demand Curve (Cont.):
3. Tastes.
4. Expectations:
• If the prices are expected to fall within a few days.
• Expect an increase in salary.
5. Number of Buyers:
• Increased number of buyers result in increased
demand.
18
19. Supply
• Quantity supplied is the amount of a good that sellers
are willing and able to sell.
• Like demand, many things determine the quantity
supplied, but in this also price plays the central role.
• Quantity supplied rises as the price rises and falls as
the price falls, we say that these two are positively
related.
19
20. Supply
Cont…
• This relationship price and quantity supplied is
called the law of supply.
• Law of Supply states that when the price of a good
rises, the quantity supplied also rises and vice versa.
20
21. The Supply Curve: Relationship between Price
and Quantity Supplied
• Supply Schedule:
– It is a table that shows the relationship between
the price of the good and the quantity supplied.
21
23. The Supply Curve: Relationship between Price
and Quantity Supplied (Cont.)
• Supply Curve:
– It is the graph of the relationship between the
price of a good and the quantity supplied.
23
25. The Supply Curve: Relationship between Price
and Quantity Supplied (Cont.)
• Market Supply:
– Market supply refers to the sum of the supplies of
all sellers.
25
26. Shifts in the Supply Curve
• Change in Quantity Supplied:
– A shift in the supply curve, either to the left or
right.
– Caused by a change that alters the quantity
supplied.
26
27. Shifts in the Supply Curve
Price
Supply curve, S3
Supply
curve, S1
Supply
Decrease curve, S2
in supply
Increase
in supply
0 Quantity
27
28. Shifts in the Supply Curve
• Factors that Cause Shifts in Supply Curve:
1. Input Prices:
• When the price of inputs rises, producing that good
becomes less profitable, thus, firms reduce supply.
2. Technology:
• Use of modern technology increases supply.
28
29. Shifts in the Supply Curve
Cont…
• Factors that Cause Shifts in Supply Curve (Cont.):
3. Number of Sellers:
• When the number of sellers increases, supply also
increases.
29
30. Supply And Demand Together:
Equilibrium
• There is one point at which supply and demand
curves intersect.
• This point is called the market’s equilibrium.
• The price at this intersection is called the
equilibrium price.
• The quantity at this point is called the equilibrium
quantity.
30
31. Supply And Demand Together:
Equilibrium (Cont.)
• At the equilibrium price, the quantity demanded
exactly balances the quantity supplied.
• Equilibrium price is also called market-clearing
price because at this price, everyone in the market is
satisfied:
– Buyers have bought all they wanted to buy.
– Sellers have sold all they wanted to sell.
31
32. Demand Schedule Supply Schedule
At $2.00, the quantity demanded
is equal to the quantity supplied!
32