This document discusses supervision and inspection of adult literacy classes in Nigeria. It provides an overview of the roles and importance of supervision and inspection in ensuring the effective functioning of adult literacy classes and programs. Some key points:
- Supervision and inspection aim to monitor instructors, learners, curriculum implementation, and learning environments to ensure educational goals and standards are being met.
- Common roles include mentoring instructors, improving teaching quality, relating classroom efforts to broader program goals, and resolving conflicts. Inspectors also evaluate arrangements for quality assurance.
- However, supervision/inspection faces problems like unprofessional conduct, negative attitudes, lack of follow-up, poor cooperation, inadequate training, lack of funding, and
The degree of basic stage schools' teachers' practicing of personal, professi...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that aimed to identify the degree to which teachers at basic stage schools in Jordan practice personal, professional, and social competencies. A questionnaire was developed and administered to 40 male and female teachers to measure these competencies. The study found that teachers generally practiced the competencies at a high level, with personal competencies being the highest and professional competencies the lowest. There were no significant differences found based on gender or academic qualification for most competencies, but personal competency practice was higher for bachelor's degree holders. The study recommends experience sharing to enhance competencies for teachers of deaf students.
Assuring Quality in the Management of Secondary Schools in Nigeria Issues, Ch...YogeshIJTSRD
This paper examined the issues and challenges of assuring the quality of secondary schools in Nigeria and the strategies on the way forward. In doing that, such concepts like quality, quality assurance, management, secondary education and state of secondary school in Nigeria were reviewed. Irrespective of the fact that some aspects of education may be considered as improving, reviews have shown that students’ ability for practical curricular activities are deteriorating showing that quality of our educational system is poor and not assured. The challenges of assuring quality among others were observed to be increasing school enrolment, ineffective teaching and learning process, the poor motivation of teachers, lack of educational resources, lack of quality control and poor funding to schools. To overcome these challenges the paper observed the following strategies as the way forward adequate funding, adequate equipment and facilities, provision of incentives to staff, provision of qualified manpower, effective supervisory system, improving on teachers’ level of training etc. When these are done it is believed that the quality of the educational system would be achieved and assured. Therefore efforts must be made to assure quality in the secondary school system in its totality consisting of quality teaching for quality products. Osaat, Dinah Sunday | Nzokurum, Joy "Assuring Quality in the Management of Secondary Schools in Nigeria: Issues, Challenges and the Way Forward" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd39937.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/39937/assuring-quality-in-the-management-of-secondary-schools-in-nigeria-issues-challenges-and-the-way-forward/osaat-dinah-sunday
This study investigated the correlation between continuous assessment scores and Islamic Studies students’ performance in WASSCE and NECO Examinations in Ilorin, Nigeria. The instruments used were the copy of cumulative continuous assessment scores for three consecutive years (2011- 2013) in Islamic Studies; (ii) the 2011-2013 Islamic Studies may/June SSCE computerized result sheets sent to each school by WAEC and NECO. The results of students were analysed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (r) and regression. The findings showed that: (i) Students’ performance in Islamic Studies in NECO and WASSCE of the years under study (2011-2013) is fluctuating. (ii). Significant relationship exists between students’ continuous assessment scores and their performance in Islamic Studies in SSCE conducted by NECO. (iii). There is a significant relationship between students’ continuous assessment scores and their performance in Islamic Studies in WASSCE. (iv). There is a significant correlation among the school type of Students, their continuous assessment scores and their performance in Islamic Studies. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended among others that there is a need to encourage Islamic Studies teachers in both public and private senior secondary schools to attach importance to the proper and regular conduct of continuous assessments.
Supervision as a Determinant of Public Secondary School Teachers’ Effectivene...iosrjce
The study investigated supervision as a determinant of public secondary school teachers’
effectiveness in Central Senatorial District of Delta State. Seven research questions were raised and answered
and seven hypotheses were formulated and tested to guide the study. The study used the correlational research
design. A sample of 997 teachers was utilized for the study. The research instrument used for data collection
was the questionnaire titled teachers’ supervision and teachers’ effectiveness (TSTE) questionnaire. The data
collected were analyzed using simple percentage for the socio-demographic data and simple regression and
correlation statistics for the research questions and hypotheses. The seven hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level
of significance. The results revealed that there was a significant relationship between teachers’ supervision and
their teaching effectiveness, there was a significant relationship between teachers’ educational qualification and
their teaching effectiveness, and there was a significant relationship between teachers’ teaching experience and
their teaching effectiveness, hence supervision was seen as a vital and critical element of teaching effectiveness.
Assessment of Prospective Teachers Attitudes towards Teaching Profession: The...iosrjce
Quality education is an indispensable instrument for national development. However the provision of
quality education depends largely on the quality of teachers. Similarly, teacher education programme is
designed to produce teacher with requisite training and sound professional background which requires a
favourable attitude and certain specific competencies. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the
Northwest University, Kano prospective teachers’ attitudes towards profession of teaching. Field of study,
gender and level of study’s influence on their attitude were also examined. A descriptive survey design was
adopted with a sample of 220 prospective teachers selected using a stratified random sampling technique.
Professional Attitude Scale for Prospective Teachers (PASPT) constructed and validated by the researchers was
used to collect data. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics and Independent Sample t-test
to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed that prospective teachers have positive
attitude towards the profession. Similarly, asignificant gender difference was observed in their attitudes towards
the profession. However theresults further showed no significant difference in the prospective teachers’
attitudes towards the profession in relation to field of study and level of study.The implication is that,
thisfavourable attitude towards teaching profession will bring about professional competence in the future
practice.The study recommended among others, that further study should be conducted to investigate the factors
responsible for the favourable or unfavourable attitude of prospective teachers towards teaching profession
which will provide an insight on how stakeholders can bring attitudinal change towards the teaching profession.
Professionalism in teaching requires ongoing training, development of expertise, and commitment to ethical standards. Teachers must continuously expand their knowledge, function autonomously in developing policies, and maintain high standards of conduct. Key characteristics of a profession include autonomy over their work, high social status and prestige, and power to regulate their field of expertise. To improve professionalism, teachers can participate in workshops, seminars, in-service courses, refresher courses, specialized training, and obtain higher qualifications - all of which enhance skills and keep teachers updated on innovations.
The Effect of Competence and Teacher Certification on Performance of “Vocatio...AJSSMTJournal
This study aims to determine the effect of teacher competency and certification on teacher
performance with motivation as an intervening variable. This research is motivated by the still low competency
of teachers, not all teachers who carry out their tasks well, teachers' motivation is still low, teacher's
performance has not reached the target in SMK Kerinci Regency. The research method with a quantitative
approach with the path analysis method. Data collection techniques with questionnaires, observation and
interviews. The respondents of this study were 53 Vocational High School Teachers in Kerinci Regency. The
sampling method uses the total sampling method in which the entire population in this study is the research
sample. Hypothesis testing was calculated with the IBM Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) program
version 24.0.
The results of this study found that competence has a significant effect on teacher motivation, teacher
certification has a significant effect on teacher motivation, motivation has a significant effect on teacher
performance, competence has a significant effect on teacher performance, teacher certification has a significant
effect on teacher performance, competence has no significant effect on performance with motivation as an
intervening variable, and teacher certification has a significant effect on performance with motivation as an
intervening variable on Vocational High School Teachers in Kerinci Regency.
The degree of basic stage schools' teachers' practicing of personal, professi...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that aimed to identify the degree to which teachers at basic stage schools in Jordan practice personal, professional, and social competencies. A questionnaire was developed and administered to 40 male and female teachers to measure these competencies. The study found that teachers generally practiced the competencies at a high level, with personal competencies being the highest and professional competencies the lowest. There were no significant differences found based on gender or academic qualification for most competencies, but personal competency practice was higher for bachelor's degree holders. The study recommends experience sharing to enhance competencies for teachers of deaf students.
Assuring Quality in the Management of Secondary Schools in Nigeria Issues, Ch...YogeshIJTSRD
This paper examined the issues and challenges of assuring the quality of secondary schools in Nigeria and the strategies on the way forward. In doing that, such concepts like quality, quality assurance, management, secondary education and state of secondary school in Nigeria were reviewed. Irrespective of the fact that some aspects of education may be considered as improving, reviews have shown that students’ ability for practical curricular activities are deteriorating showing that quality of our educational system is poor and not assured. The challenges of assuring quality among others were observed to be increasing school enrolment, ineffective teaching and learning process, the poor motivation of teachers, lack of educational resources, lack of quality control and poor funding to schools. To overcome these challenges the paper observed the following strategies as the way forward adequate funding, adequate equipment and facilities, provision of incentives to staff, provision of qualified manpower, effective supervisory system, improving on teachers’ level of training etc. When these are done it is believed that the quality of the educational system would be achieved and assured. Therefore efforts must be made to assure quality in the secondary school system in its totality consisting of quality teaching for quality products. Osaat, Dinah Sunday | Nzokurum, Joy "Assuring Quality in the Management of Secondary Schools in Nigeria: Issues, Challenges and the Way Forward" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd39937.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/39937/assuring-quality-in-the-management-of-secondary-schools-in-nigeria-issues-challenges-and-the-way-forward/osaat-dinah-sunday
This study investigated the correlation between continuous assessment scores and Islamic Studies students’ performance in WASSCE and NECO Examinations in Ilorin, Nigeria. The instruments used were the copy of cumulative continuous assessment scores for three consecutive years (2011- 2013) in Islamic Studies; (ii) the 2011-2013 Islamic Studies may/June SSCE computerized result sheets sent to each school by WAEC and NECO. The results of students were analysed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (r) and regression. The findings showed that: (i) Students’ performance in Islamic Studies in NECO and WASSCE of the years under study (2011-2013) is fluctuating. (ii). Significant relationship exists between students’ continuous assessment scores and their performance in Islamic Studies in SSCE conducted by NECO. (iii). There is a significant relationship between students’ continuous assessment scores and their performance in Islamic Studies in WASSCE. (iv). There is a significant correlation among the school type of Students, their continuous assessment scores and their performance in Islamic Studies. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended among others that there is a need to encourage Islamic Studies teachers in both public and private senior secondary schools to attach importance to the proper and regular conduct of continuous assessments.
Supervision as a Determinant of Public Secondary School Teachers’ Effectivene...iosrjce
The study investigated supervision as a determinant of public secondary school teachers’
effectiveness in Central Senatorial District of Delta State. Seven research questions were raised and answered
and seven hypotheses were formulated and tested to guide the study. The study used the correlational research
design. A sample of 997 teachers was utilized for the study. The research instrument used for data collection
was the questionnaire titled teachers’ supervision and teachers’ effectiveness (TSTE) questionnaire. The data
collected were analyzed using simple percentage for the socio-demographic data and simple regression and
correlation statistics for the research questions and hypotheses. The seven hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level
of significance. The results revealed that there was a significant relationship between teachers’ supervision and
their teaching effectiveness, there was a significant relationship between teachers’ educational qualification and
their teaching effectiveness, and there was a significant relationship between teachers’ teaching experience and
their teaching effectiveness, hence supervision was seen as a vital and critical element of teaching effectiveness.
Assessment of Prospective Teachers Attitudes towards Teaching Profession: The...iosrjce
Quality education is an indispensable instrument for national development. However the provision of
quality education depends largely on the quality of teachers. Similarly, teacher education programme is
designed to produce teacher with requisite training and sound professional background which requires a
favourable attitude and certain specific competencies. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the
Northwest University, Kano prospective teachers’ attitudes towards profession of teaching. Field of study,
gender and level of study’s influence on their attitude were also examined. A descriptive survey design was
adopted with a sample of 220 prospective teachers selected using a stratified random sampling technique.
Professional Attitude Scale for Prospective Teachers (PASPT) constructed and validated by the researchers was
used to collect data. The data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics and Independent Sample t-test
to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Findings revealed that prospective teachers have positive
attitude towards the profession. Similarly, asignificant gender difference was observed in their attitudes towards
the profession. However theresults further showed no significant difference in the prospective teachers’
attitudes towards the profession in relation to field of study and level of study.The implication is that,
thisfavourable attitude towards teaching profession will bring about professional competence in the future
practice.The study recommended among others, that further study should be conducted to investigate the factors
responsible for the favourable or unfavourable attitude of prospective teachers towards teaching profession
which will provide an insight on how stakeholders can bring attitudinal change towards the teaching profession.
Professionalism in teaching requires ongoing training, development of expertise, and commitment to ethical standards. Teachers must continuously expand their knowledge, function autonomously in developing policies, and maintain high standards of conduct. Key characteristics of a profession include autonomy over their work, high social status and prestige, and power to regulate their field of expertise. To improve professionalism, teachers can participate in workshops, seminars, in-service courses, refresher courses, specialized training, and obtain higher qualifications - all of which enhance skills and keep teachers updated on innovations.
The Effect of Competence and Teacher Certification on Performance of “Vocatio...AJSSMTJournal
This study aims to determine the effect of teacher competency and certification on teacher
performance with motivation as an intervening variable. This research is motivated by the still low competency
of teachers, not all teachers who carry out their tasks well, teachers' motivation is still low, teacher's
performance has not reached the target in SMK Kerinci Regency. The research method with a quantitative
approach with the path analysis method. Data collection techniques with questionnaires, observation and
interviews. The respondents of this study were 53 Vocational High School Teachers in Kerinci Regency. The
sampling method uses the total sampling method in which the entire population in this study is the research
sample. Hypothesis testing was calculated with the IBM Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) program
version 24.0.
The results of this study found that competence has a significant effect on teacher motivation, teacher
certification has a significant effect on teacher motivation, motivation has a significant effect on teacher
performance, competence has a significant effect on teacher performance, teacher certification has a significant
effect on teacher performance, competence has no significant effect on performance with motivation as an
intervening variable, and teacher certification has a significant effect on performance with motivation as an
intervening variable on Vocational High School Teachers in Kerinci Regency.
Evaluating Quality of Teaching Skills among the Faculty Members at Najran Uni...iosrjce
This study aims at evaluating quality of teaching skills among faculty members by the perspective of
students at Najran University. To achieve the objectives of the study, a questionnaire was developed and
distributed to (300) male and female students from various colleges. The questionnaire consisted of (54) items
distributed on four domains: Planning, teaching, assessment and communication skills. The results showed an
average level of faculty members' practice of teaching skills. The results also showed that there were
statistically significant differences due to the gender and the type of the college.
11.lecturers assessment of teaching practice exerciseAlexander Decker
The document examines education lecturers' assessments of the quality of teaching practice exercises in Nigerian universities. A survey was conducted of 691 lecturers across Nigeria who rated the quality of teaching practice as fairly above average. The study also found that experience and job status influenced assessments, while gender did not, and it recommends allotting more time to teaching practice and training lecturers on best practices.
An evaluation of teaching practice performance among regular and sandwich stu...Alexander Decker
This study evaluated the teaching practice performance of regular and sandwich student teachers in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The researchers collected data from 100 regular students and 80 sandwich students using questionnaires and student performance evaluations. Their findings showed there was a significant difference in performance between the two groups, with regular students outperforming sandwich students. However, both groups had similar levels of preparation prior to their teaching practice. The researchers concluded pre-service teacher education programs need to adequately prepare all students for the challenges of teaching, and support is needed for both pre-service and in-service teachers.
This document summarizes a study that analyzed test results from 2013-2018 to evaluate learning outcomes in science and mathematics for elementary students in the Philippines. The study found:
- Learning outcomes in science increased by grade level but generally declined by school year.
- Learning outcomes in mathematics varied by grade level and consistently declined by school year.
- Grades 3 and 6 showed decreases.
The study concluded learning outcomes are declining over time. It proposed a continuing professional development plan for teachers to enhance student learning, focusing on improving results in mathematics and for certain grades.
This research proposal aims to investigate how to improve the quality of education in Sabah, Malaysia through effective school inspections. It will examine the responsibilities of school inspectors, hindrances to their effective performance of duties, and ways to improve their performance. Recent international test results have shown a decline in Malaysian students' performance, so there is a need to strengthen the role of school inspections in maintaining education quality standards. The study will interview Sabah state inspectors and a sample of school inspectors to understand their perspectives and identify issues. Findings hope to benefit inspectors, teachers, administrators and the Ministry of Education in enhancing supervisory practices and the overall education system in Malaysia.
11.lecturers assessment of teaching practice exercise in nigerian universitiesAlexander Decker
The document examines education lecturers' assessments of the quality of teaching practice in Nigerian universities. It finds that lecturers rated the quality of teaching practice as fairly above average. Experience and job status were found to significantly influence lecturers' assessments, while gender had no influence. The document recommends allotting more time to teaching practice and organizing retraining programs for lecturers on best practices in the internship aspect of teacher education.
This document summarizes a research paper on the certification process for non-civil servant teachers in madrasah ibtidaiyah (Islamic primary schools) in Tangerang District, Indonesia. The research finds that some teachers have falsified documents like diplomas to meet certification requirements or manipulate other data. There are issues with the validity and accuracy of teacher portfolios used for certification assessments. While certification aims to improve teacher quality, the current portfolio-based approach in Indonesia has actually increased the potential for data manipulation and not properly evaluated teacher competence. Reforms are needed to strengthen the certification process and reduce fraudulent practices.
This document contains a take-home exam submitted by a student named Kathleen C. Abaja to Dr. Nilo L. Rosas at the Polytechnic University of the Philippines. The exam contains 5 questions related to applying systems analysis to education. The student provides multi-paragraph answers to each question analyzing topics like how systems analysis can be used to study education as a social, cultural, economic and political system. The student also analyzes education reform in the Philippines.
The importance of quality education in nation building cannot be over emphasized. The research objective of this study is to investigate school leadership on quality assurance in higher education, Adamawa State. The population made up of senior lecturers in 10 departments in the universities. Stratified random sampling method was used to sample 10 lecturers from each of these departments, which makes the total sample size of 100 lecturers. The instrument for data collection was 20-item questionnaire titled ‘‘Quality Assurance in Higher Education Questionnaire’’ (QAHEQ). PLS- 3 measurement models was used to assess the reliability, validity of instruments and data analyses in this study. The result shows that the instruments were reliable and pilot study indicated strong evidence of validity. Findings revealed that, the research is significant because it explores the use of autocratic leadership style to improve quality assurance in higher education. It was therefore recommended that, authority should re-address the issue of funding university with adequate budget for training and re-training of staff.
This document summarizes a study on premarital sex awareness among students at the Faculty of Surveying and Spatial Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM). The study was conducted from January to April 2011 using a cross-sectional descriptive design. Stratified random sampling was used to survey AP220 students. Key findings included pie charts and bar graphs showing students' responses about premarital sex categorized by gender, main causes, who is most to blame, effects, ways to prevent it, and actions that could be taken by school authorities. The summary provides an overview of the document's content in 3 sentences.
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of institutional performance in public secondary schools in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia from the perspective of school administrators. A questionnaire was administered to 90 randomly selected school principals. The findings showed no significant differences in institutional performance based on principal qualifications or experience. However, the study concluded that effective school administration requires strategic planning, organization, evaluation, development, and adaptation. It was also concluded that school effectiveness can be measured by positive culture, cooperation, feedback systems, and alignment with the five responsibilities of effective principals outlined by Orloski: strong leadership, appropriate atmosphere, skills learning, teacher expectations, and performance monitoring.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Assessment of attitude of education students towards teaching practice in na...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that assessed the attitudes of education students towards teaching practice at Nasarawa State University Keffi in Nigeria. The study found that (1) students generally showed a positive attitude towards teaching practice, but (2) female students showed a more positive attitude than male students. It also identified several problems hindering effective teaching practice. The study concluded that adopting strategies to improve student attitudes could have a positive impact, and recommended establishing a micro-teaching laboratory to better prepare students for practical experience before sending them to schools.
Meaning and type of educational administrationrajajeet18
Educational administration involves managing the resources, tasks, and communications required to run a school. It occurs at various levels, from central government down to individual institutions, but has particular importance at the institutional level where practical application occurs. External management of educational programs includes community members, experts, administrators, parents, and supervisors who indirectly support programs, while internal management is carried out by institutional heads, teachers, students, and staff who are directly involved in program implementation.
Perceived Common Teaching Practices at the College of Management and Business...AI Publications
Professors’ Teaching skills and capabilities are very vital in imparting knowledge to students because unsound information and understanding about concepts that they are to teach their students due to their training insufficiency are likely to be transferred to their students. Therefore, their expertise in their field is important in the teaching-learning process. As cited in the Ozmen’s study (2012) teachers might unintentionally reflect their errors to their students in the teaching process. Teachers should have sound information and understanding about the concepts they are to teach their students. This study determined the Perceived Common Teaching Practices at the College of Management and Business Technology. The categories (Stockfors, 2011) used in determining the common teaching practices were: 1.) Conscious focus on students’ learning; 2.) Develops Good Teacher-Students Relations; and 3.) Broad Knowledge of Learning Processes. The respondents were 203 CMBT students from 1st year to 4th year. Convenience sampling method was used in collecting data. The instruments utilized were questionnaire and unstructured interview. For the Data treatment, Percentages and Weighted Mean were utilized. This result shows that CMBT Professors have common Teaching Practices. Though they don’t have the professional preparation and expertise, they recognize the significance of managing their Teaching Practices.
USING BLENDED LEARNING IN DEVELOPING STUDENT TEACHERS TEACHI…Hisham Hussein
The research aims to determine the effectiveness of using blended learning Approach in developing student teachers teaching skills, and defining teaching skills that confront students of teachers college at King Saud University need it. The research uses the Quasi- Experimental approach, with four experimental groups (Mathematics (21) – Science (15) – computer (20) – Quran (15)). The research is limited to the students of practical course in the second term of (2010/2011) academic year. Additionally, it investigates teaching skills that are not excelled by student teachers. The research uses observation skill card for teaching skills with pre-post applied, while preparing and implementing a suggested proposal for developing skills of teaching implementation of student teachers, Results of statistical treatment indicated that there were significant differences between means of pre-post treatment in Experimental groups in favor of post treatment. As Students thought, these results indicated that Blended Learning helped them to improve their Teaching skills. More details of the results are discussed in the study.
Relevance of Instructional Supervision in the Effective Teaching and Learning...iosrjce
Supervision of instruction has been a neglected aspect of school management in Nigeria.
Instructional supervision, if properly organized and executed can lead to positive improvement in the
achievement of effective learning in our schools and consequently lead to rising standard in educational system.
Teachers are identified as individuals who have to develop professionally because they need the support of
colleagues whose professional development is greater. The head teacher possesses greater information about
the school system and about instructional and management strategies that can strengthen the teachers’ capacity
to cope with classroom problems and thereby ensure adequate and effective learning on the part of the students.
This paper examines the concept of instructional supervision, the head teacher as an instructional supervisor
and relevance of instructional supervision in effective teaching and learning of health education in Nigerian
primary schools. It concludes that a closer, regular and continuous supervision is urgently needed especially
now that a lot of changes have been introduced into the nigeria Universal Basic Education School System.
Effective supervision of instruction in nigerian secondary schools issues, ch...Alexander Decker
This document discusses issues around effective instructional supervision in Nigerian secondary schools. It begins by defining key concepts like instructional supervision, the role of supervisors, and the purposes of supervision. It then examines challenges to effective supervision, including poor incentives, limited resources, lack of training for supervisors, and political instability. The document concludes by stating that the primary goal of supervision is to help teachers improve, and offers recommendations for ensuring supervision achieves this, such as providing professional development and addressing administrative and resource issues.
The development of academic supervision learning material for the education a...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a research study on developing an academic supervision learning material for school principal preparation programs in Indonesia. The study found issues with existing materials, including a lack of consistency and incomplete coverage of supervision competencies and indicators. The research employed a development process to create a new set of learning materials, including a core book, program design documents, lesson plans, and slide materials. The new materials were meant to provide comprehensive and structured coverage of academic supervision concepts to better support participants in developing supervisory skills. The materials were tested through validation, experiments, and effectiveness evaluations, finding improvements in participant achievement over the conventional materials.
Chokera_Influence of teacher characteristics on pupils academic perfomance i...GeoffreyKashindi1
This document discusses the purpose and objectives of a study on the influence of teacher characteristics on student academic performance in primary schools in Kenya. The study aims to examine how teacher attitudes, demographics, qualifications, and experience influence the performance of 7th and 8th grade students. It provides context on the development of education and teacher training in Kenya. It reviews literature showing that teacher attitudes can impact students through modeling behavior, reinforcement, and observational learning. Positive teacher attitudes that are conveyed through supportive behaviors can encourage students and improve their performance.
Instructional Supervision by Principals An Appraisal from the Perspective of ...ijtsrd
This study focused on performance of instructional supervision by principals in selected secondary schools in Boyo Division, North West Region. The objective was to investigate the impact of instructional supervision on teachers' job performance. The sample had 30 respondents as principals and 274 as teachers. Data collected was by the use of two sets of questionnaires one for the principals and one for the teachers. The data collected was analyzed using the SPSS version 22.0 from a close Likert type scale. The findings were presented using frequencies, means, standard deviations, percentages, tables and bar charts. The study established that the supervisory practices used by principals in secondary schools included classroom visitations, provision of research facilities, etc. The study also established that the teachers feel instructional supervisory practices to a certain extent are ineffective, though there are some which bore great fruits such as improvement on their professional competences. This paper recommends that school principals should put emphasis on supervision in order to establish a trend of being in command with what the teachers are doing teachers should be more eager about being supervised by taking the first step in inviting the principals, principals should do refresher courses on school administration. For suggestions, a comparative study could be done on the effectiveness of principals who have had training in school administration prior to their appointment and those who had not. Ngong Gaius Mufua "Instructional Supervision by Principals: An Appraisal from the Perspective of Teachers Job Performance in Some Selected Secondary Schools in Boyo Division" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29254.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/29254/instructional-supervision-by-principals-an-appraisal-from-the-perspective-of-teachers-job-performance-in-some-selected-secondary-schools-in-boyo-division/ngong-gaius-mufua
Evaluating Quality of Teaching Skills among the Faculty Members at Najran Uni...iosrjce
This study aims at evaluating quality of teaching skills among faculty members by the perspective of
students at Najran University. To achieve the objectives of the study, a questionnaire was developed and
distributed to (300) male and female students from various colleges. The questionnaire consisted of (54) items
distributed on four domains: Planning, teaching, assessment and communication skills. The results showed an
average level of faculty members' practice of teaching skills. The results also showed that there were
statistically significant differences due to the gender and the type of the college.
11.lecturers assessment of teaching practice exerciseAlexander Decker
The document examines education lecturers' assessments of the quality of teaching practice exercises in Nigerian universities. A survey was conducted of 691 lecturers across Nigeria who rated the quality of teaching practice as fairly above average. The study also found that experience and job status influenced assessments, while gender did not, and it recommends allotting more time to teaching practice and training lecturers on best practices.
An evaluation of teaching practice performance among regular and sandwich stu...Alexander Decker
This study evaluated the teaching practice performance of regular and sandwich student teachers in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The researchers collected data from 100 regular students and 80 sandwich students using questionnaires and student performance evaluations. Their findings showed there was a significant difference in performance between the two groups, with regular students outperforming sandwich students. However, both groups had similar levels of preparation prior to their teaching practice. The researchers concluded pre-service teacher education programs need to adequately prepare all students for the challenges of teaching, and support is needed for both pre-service and in-service teachers.
This document summarizes a study that analyzed test results from 2013-2018 to evaluate learning outcomes in science and mathematics for elementary students in the Philippines. The study found:
- Learning outcomes in science increased by grade level but generally declined by school year.
- Learning outcomes in mathematics varied by grade level and consistently declined by school year.
- Grades 3 and 6 showed decreases.
The study concluded learning outcomes are declining over time. It proposed a continuing professional development plan for teachers to enhance student learning, focusing on improving results in mathematics and for certain grades.
This research proposal aims to investigate how to improve the quality of education in Sabah, Malaysia through effective school inspections. It will examine the responsibilities of school inspectors, hindrances to their effective performance of duties, and ways to improve their performance. Recent international test results have shown a decline in Malaysian students' performance, so there is a need to strengthen the role of school inspections in maintaining education quality standards. The study will interview Sabah state inspectors and a sample of school inspectors to understand their perspectives and identify issues. Findings hope to benefit inspectors, teachers, administrators and the Ministry of Education in enhancing supervisory practices and the overall education system in Malaysia.
11.lecturers assessment of teaching practice exercise in nigerian universitiesAlexander Decker
The document examines education lecturers' assessments of the quality of teaching practice in Nigerian universities. It finds that lecturers rated the quality of teaching practice as fairly above average. Experience and job status were found to significantly influence lecturers' assessments, while gender had no influence. The document recommends allotting more time to teaching practice and organizing retraining programs for lecturers on best practices in the internship aspect of teacher education.
This document summarizes a research paper on the certification process for non-civil servant teachers in madrasah ibtidaiyah (Islamic primary schools) in Tangerang District, Indonesia. The research finds that some teachers have falsified documents like diplomas to meet certification requirements or manipulate other data. There are issues with the validity and accuracy of teacher portfolios used for certification assessments. While certification aims to improve teacher quality, the current portfolio-based approach in Indonesia has actually increased the potential for data manipulation and not properly evaluated teacher competence. Reforms are needed to strengthen the certification process and reduce fraudulent practices.
This document contains a take-home exam submitted by a student named Kathleen C. Abaja to Dr. Nilo L. Rosas at the Polytechnic University of the Philippines. The exam contains 5 questions related to applying systems analysis to education. The student provides multi-paragraph answers to each question analyzing topics like how systems analysis can be used to study education as a social, cultural, economic and political system. The student also analyzes education reform in the Philippines.
The importance of quality education in nation building cannot be over emphasized. The research objective of this study is to investigate school leadership on quality assurance in higher education, Adamawa State. The population made up of senior lecturers in 10 departments in the universities. Stratified random sampling method was used to sample 10 lecturers from each of these departments, which makes the total sample size of 100 lecturers. The instrument for data collection was 20-item questionnaire titled ‘‘Quality Assurance in Higher Education Questionnaire’’ (QAHEQ). PLS- 3 measurement models was used to assess the reliability, validity of instruments and data analyses in this study. The result shows that the instruments were reliable and pilot study indicated strong evidence of validity. Findings revealed that, the research is significant because it explores the use of autocratic leadership style to improve quality assurance in higher education. It was therefore recommended that, authority should re-address the issue of funding university with adequate budget for training and re-training of staff.
This document summarizes a study on premarital sex awareness among students at the Faculty of Surveying and Spatial Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM). The study was conducted from January to April 2011 using a cross-sectional descriptive design. Stratified random sampling was used to survey AP220 students. Key findings included pie charts and bar graphs showing students' responses about premarital sex categorized by gender, main causes, who is most to blame, effects, ways to prevent it, and actions that could be taken by school authorities. The summary provides an overview of the document's content in 3 sentences.
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of institutional performance in public secondary schools in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia from the perspective of school administrators. A questionnaire was administered to 90 randomly selected school principals. The findings showed no significant differences in institutional performance based on principal qualifications or experience. However, the study concluded that effective school administration requires strategic planning, organization, evaluation, development, and adaptation. It was also concluded that school effectiveness can be measured by positive culture, cooperation, feedback systems, and alignment with the five responsibilities of effective principals outlined by Orloski: strong leadership, appropriate atmosphere, skills learning, teacher expectations, and performance monitoring.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online
Assessment of attitude of education students towards teaching practice in na...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study that assessed the attitudes of education students towards teaching practice at Nasarawa State University Keffi in Nigeria. The study found that (1) students generally showed a positive attitude towards teaching practice, but (2) female students showed a more positive attitude than male students. It also identified several problems hindering effective teaching practice. The study concluded that adopting strategies to improve student attitudes could have a positive impact, and recommended establishing a micro-teaching laboratory to better prepare students for practical experience before sending them to schools.
Meaning and type of educational administrationrajajeet18
Educational administration involves managing the resources, tasks, and communications required to run a school. It occurs at various levels, from central government down to individual institutions, but has particular importance at the institutional level where practical application occurs. External management of educational programs includes community members, experts, administrators, parents, and supervisors who indirectly support programs, while internal management is carried out by institutional heads, teachers, students, and staff who are directly involved in program implementation.
Perceived Common Teaching Practices at the College of Management and Business...AI Publications
Professors’ Teaching skills and capabilities are very vital in imparting knowledge to students because unsound information and understanding about concepts that they are to teach their students due to their training insufficiency are likely to be transferred to their students. Therefore, their expertise in their field is important in the teaching-learning process. As cited in the Ozmen’s study (2012) teachers might unintentionally reflect their errors to their students in the teaching process. Teachers should have sound information and understanding about the concepts they are to teach their students. This study determined the Perceived Common Teaching Practices at the College of Management and Business Technology. The categories (Stockfors, 2011) used in determining the common teaching practices were: 1.) Conscious focus on students’ learning; 2.) Develops Good Teacher-Students Relations; and 3.) Broad Knowledge of Learning Processes. The respondents were 203 CMBT students from 1st year to 4th year. Convenience sampling method was used in collecting data. The instruments utilized were questionnaire and unstructured interview. For the Data treatment, Percentages and Weighted Mean were utilized. This result shows that CMBT Professors have common Teaching Practices. Though they don’t have the professional preparation and expertise, they recognize the significance of managing their Teaching Practices.
USING BLENDED LEARNING IN DEVELOPING STUDENT TEACHERS TEACHI…Hisham Hussein
The research aims to determine the effectiveness of using blended learning Approach in developing student teachers teaching skills, and defining teaching skills that confront students of teachers college at King Saud University need it. The research uses the Quasi- Experimental approach, with four experimental groups (Mathematics (21) – Science (15) – computer (20) – Quran (15)). The research is limited to the students of practical course in the second term of (2010/2011) academic year. Additionally, it investigates teaching skills that are not excelled by student teachers. The research uses observation skill card for teaching skills with pre-post applied, while preparing and implementing a suggested proposal for developing skills of teaching implementation of student teachers, Results of statistical treatment indicated that there were significant differences between means of pre-post treatment in Experimental groups in favor of post treatment. As Students thought, these results indicated that Blended Learning helped them to improve their Teaching skills. More details of the results are discussed in the study.
Relevance of Instructional Supervision in the Effective Teaching and Learning...iosrjce
Supervision of instruction has been a neglected aspect of school management in Nigeria.
Instructional supervision, if properly organized and executed can lead to positive improvement in the
achievement of effective learning in our schools and consequently lead to rising standard in educational system.
Teachers are identified as individuals who have to develop professionally because they need the support of
colleagues whose professional development is greater. The head teacher possesses greater information about
the school system and about instructional and management strategies that can strengthen the teachers’ capacity
to cope with classroom problems and thereby ensure adequate and effective learning on the part of the students.
This paper examines the concept of instructional supervision, the head teacher as an instructional supervisor
and relevance of instructional supervision in effective teaching and learning of health education in Nigerian
primary schools. It concludes that a closer, regular and continuous supervision is urgently needed especially
now that a lot of changes have been introduced into the nigeria Universal Basic Education School System.
Effective supervision of instruction in nigerian secondary schools issues, ch...Alexander Decker
This document discusses issues around effective instructional supervision in Nigerian secondary schools. It begins by defining key concepts like instructional supervision, the role of supervisors, and the purposes of supervision. It then examines challenges to effective supervision, including poor incentives, limited resources, lack of training for supervisors, and political instability. The document concludes by stating that the primary goal of supervision is to help teachers improve, and offers recommendations for ensuring supervision achieves this, such as providing professional development and addressing administrative and resource issues.
The development of academic supervision learning material for the education a...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a research study on developing an academic supervision learning material for school principal preparation programs in Indonesia. The study found issues with existing materials, including a lack of consistency and incomplete coverage of supervision competencies and indicators. The research employed a development process to create a new set of learning materials, including a core book, program design documents, lesson plans, and slide materials. The new materials were meant to provide comprehensive and structured coverage of academic supervision concepts to better support participants in developing supervisory skills. The materials were tested through validation, experiments, and effectiveness evaluations, finding improvements in participant achievement over the conventional materials.
Chokera_Influence of teacher characteristics on pupils academic perfomance i...GeoffreyKashindi1
This document discusses the purpose and objectives of a study on the influence of teacher characteristics on student academic performance in primary schools in Kenya. The study aims to examine how teacher attitudes, demographics, qualifications, and experience influence the performance of 7th and 8th grade students. It provides context on the development of education and teacher training in Kenya. It reviews literature showing that teacher attitudes can impact students through modeling behavior, reinforcement, and observational learning. Positive teacher attitudes that are conveyed through supportive behaviors can encourage students and improve their performance.
Instructional Supervision by Principals An Appraisal from the Perspective of ...ijtsrd
This study focused on performance of instructional supervision by principals in selected secondary schools in Boyo Division, North West Region. The objective was to investigate the impact of instructional supervision on teachers' job performance. The sample had 30 respondents as principals and 274 as teachers. Data collected was by the use of two sets of questionnaires one for the principals and one for the teachers. The data collected was analyzed using the SPSS version 22.0 from a close Likert type scale. The findings were presented using frequencies, means, standard deviations, percentages, tables and bar charts. The study established that the supervisory practices used by principals in secondary schools included classroom visitations, provision of research facilities, etc. The study also established that the teachers feel instructional supervisory practices to a certain extent are ineffective, though there are some which bore great fruits such as improvement on their professional competences. This paper recommends that school principals should put emphasis on supervision in order to establish a trend of being in command with what the teachers are doing teachers should be more eager about being supervised by taking the first step in inviting the principals, principals should do refresher courses on school administration. For suggestions, a comparative study could be done on the effectiveness of principals who have had training in school administration prior to their appointment and those who had not. Ngong Gaius Mufua "Instructional Supervision by Principals: An Appraisal from the Perspective of Teachers Job Performance in Some Selected Secondary Schools in Boyo Division" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-6 , October 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29254.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/29254/instructional-supervision-by-principals-an-appraisal-from-the-perspective-of-teachers-job-performance-in-some-selected-secondary-schools-in-boyo-division/ngong-gaius-mufua
This document discusses school inspection and supervision in public secondary schools in Ogun State, Nigeria. It begins by defining the key terms of inspection and supervision, noting that inspection focuses on control and enforcement while supervision focuses on guidance and improvement. The document then examines the current state of inspection/supervision in Ogun State, which emphasizes administrative tasks over academic support. The authors investigate supervision practices and relationships between supervisors and teachers. Their goal is to improve instructional supervision, with a focus on supporting teacher development and increasing student academic achievement. They conduct interviews and distribute questionnaires to collect data on monitoring activities, professional development opportunities, and the effectiveness of instructional supervision.
The article discusses revisions made to the internship program at Southeast Missouri State University for students pursuing a Specialist Degree in School Administration. The internship was designed to provide hands-on experiences in the daily duties of a PK-12 superintendent through a team approach including the intern, superintendent mentor, and university supervisor. A key component was the portfolio developed during the internship to demonstrate how the program meets NCATE standards. Feedback found the internship and portfolio process valuable though time-consuming, with some components like supporting professional development and organizing resources more difficult than others. Based on evaluation, changes were implemented like increased guidance on components and communication between interns and supervisors.
The article discusses revisions made to the internship program at Southeast Missouri State University for students pursuing a Specialist Degree in School Administration. The internship was designed to provide hands-on experiences in the daily duties of a PK-12 superintendent through a team approach including the intern, superintendent mentor, and university supervisor. A key component was the portfolio developed during the internship to demonstrate how the program meets NCATE standards. Feedback found the internship and portfolio process valuable for preparation, though components addressing professional development and resource organization proved most difficult. Revisions were made to increase support in these areas.
This research proposal aims to investigate the impact of outcome-based education on the academic performance of Bachelor of Secondary Education students majoring in Social Studies at City College of Tagaytay. The study will examine how outcome-based education affects students' understanding, learning, and skills. It will also compare academic performance and the effects of outcome-based education across different year levels. The researchers will administer surveys to collect data on students' perceptions. They will then analyze the data both qualitatively by interpreting responses and quantitatively by testing relationships between variables. The study seeks to provide benefits for students, teachers, the institution, and future researchers by exploring how outcome-based approaches influence academic achievement.
perspective chapter-performance based assessment through IBL.pdfAyshaAlShamsi11
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, students were suddenly required to complete
their assessments online. Higher education (HE) institutions and instructors likewise
were suddenly forced to ensure competency achievement among students online. At
many (HE) institutions, competency-based learning is mandatory. Approaching online
assessment through online competency-based performance assessment is crucial to
achieving institutions’ expectations. Online competency-based performance assessment
is challenging; however, the use of an inquiry-based learning (IBL) allows teachers and
students to involve themselves at a deeper level of instruction through differentiated
activities. The assessment procedure through IBL implies an alternative view of instructors when designing their assessment, learning, and achievement of the learning objectives. The proposed conceptual framework involves a combination of competency-based
learning principles, performance assessment, and IBL. In the initial stage, it is proposed
to design differentiated IBL activities following the task description, considering the
required competencies to be achieved. The final stage is tackling it as an assessment
framework that focuses on performance for final summative purposes.
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of institutional performance in public secondary schools in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia from the perspective of school administrators. A questionnaire was administered to 90 randomly selected school principals. The findings showed no significant differences in institutional performance based on principal qualifications or experience. However, the study concluded that effective school administration requires strategic planning, organization, evaluation, development, and adaptation. School effectiveness is measured by positive culture, cooperation, feedback systems, and achieving educational goals.
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of institutional performance in public secondary schools in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia from the perspective of school administrators. The researcher conducted a questionnaire with 90 school principals to determine the level of effectiveness and identify any differences based on administrator qualifications and experience. The findings showed no significant differences in institutional performance related to qualifications or experience. The researcher concluded that effective school administration requires strategic planning, organization, evaluation, and development. Providing feedback systems and maintaining a positive school culture can measure institutional effectiveness. This study provides implications for improving administrator training programs and developing intervention strategies to address weaknesses in school performance.
An evaluation of the principal’s instructional supervision on Alexander Decker
This document discusses a study that evaluated the effects of a principal's instructional supervision on academic performance at Sameta Primary School in Kisii, Kenya. The study found that the principal used various instructional supervision techniques including observation, questioning, and peer review. However, most teachers did not use thematic learning to determine syllabus coverage. The study recommended that the principal devise additional instructional supervision methods to improve academic standards. Overall, the document examines how a principal's oversight of teaching and learning impacts student performance.
1. The study examined teachers' dedication, discipline, knowledge and skills in Kwara State basic schools in Nigeria. It surveyed head teachers, assistant head teachers, principals, vice principals, and students.
2. The findings revealed that teachers' dedication in Kwara State basic schools was average, with some aspects like preparing lesson notes and ensuring student understanding being average, and others like arriving to class on time and keeping records being high.
3. The conclusion was that Kwara State basic school teachers should be more dedicated by regularly preparing lessons, arriving on time, and helping students better understand concepts, in order to improve students' academic performance.
Cleus B. Reamico
University of Santo Tomas – Legazpi
Graduate School
Rawis, Legazpi City, Philippines
Abstract: One of the special ethical principles that must be practiced in an educational institution is that all
teachers should improve their professional knowledge and skills so that their performance will better serve others.
One application of this ethical standard is awareness of the issues and trends in education, specifically in
educational planning. The issues and trends in educational planning that students are aware of are: lack of gadgets
and internet connection problems under administrative planning; blended learning, personalized learning,
experiential learning, adaptive learning, bite-sized learning, gamification, socio-emotional learning, genius hour,
and STEAM curriculum under academic curriculum or curricular planning; budgetary concerns, lack of facilities,
and teacher shortage under administrative planning; drop-out rates, self-care, self-reliance, and digital citizenship
under instructional planning; social divide, brain drain, socio-economics, and COVID19 adaptation under cocurricular planning. Since seminars do take the lead in the source of information of students, it is only but
important that these topics be given more attention since educational ethics is the heart of the teaching profession.
Keywords: (Education / Ethics / Planning / Issues / Trends / Awareness).
What philosophical assumptions drive the teacher/teaching standards movement ...Ferry Tanoto
What philosophical assumptions drive the teacher/teaching standards movement today? Are standards dangerous?
Week 4 - Reading highlights
Falk, B., 2002 and Tuinamuana, K., 2011
In many schools, the vision mission just "exists" and not become a guideline especially implementation of learning. The school just execute school routine without knowing the meaning of implementation. This is unfortunate, because the vision and mission are a unique destination that covers the activity and can be utilized as the power of quality of the service organization. How is the capacity of school management in developing the vision and mission? The goal of the research is to describe and analyze the capacity of school management in developing the vision and mission. This study used a qualitative approach with case studies. Data collection methods used are interviews, observation, and study of the document/artifact. The validity of the data is done with credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. The results show that schools which establish vision and mission based on noble values of the founders have a strong base for the development.
This study investigated the influence of principal's classroom visitation and inspection strategies on teachers' job performance in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. 660 teachers and 3,300 senior secondary students across 232 schools were surveyed. The results of ANOVA analysis indicated that principal's classroom visitation and inspection of lesson notes each significantly influenced teachers' job performance. It is recommended that regular supervision including classroom visitation and inspection of lesson notes be implemented to enhance teachers' performance. The study aims to provide information to help principals improve instructional effectiveness and help teachers contribute to achieving educational goals in Akwa Ibom State.
K to 12 Grading Sheet Deped Order No. 8 S. 2015 PPT presentationChuckry Maunes
Download Link Found Here
https://teachingtools-stuff.blogspot.com/2017/02/k-to-12-grading-sheet-deped-order-no.html
For the Grading Sheet Spreadsheet
http://www.slideshare.net/chuckrymaunes5/k-to-12-grading-sheet-based-on-deped-order-no-8-series-of-2015
Attitude of lecturers towards student’s evaluation of their teaching effectiv...Alexander Decker
This document discusses a study on lecturers' attitudes toward student evaluations of teaching effectiveness in Nigerian universities. The study surveyed 490 lecturers across disciplines and universities in southern Nigeria. Key findings include:
1) Most lecturers (66%) had a positive attitude toward student evaluations, while 34% had a negative attitude.
2) Gender and age significantly influenced attitudes, with differences found between male and female lecturers and younger and older lecturers.
3) Professional status and discipline did not significantly impact attitudes.
4) Teaching experience did significantly influence attitudes, with more experienced lecturers having more negative views of student evaluations.
The study concludes that while most Nigerian lecturers support the concept
Similar to Supervision and inspection of adult literacy classes in nigeria an overview (20)
Abnormalities of hormones and inflammatory cytokines in women affected with p...Alexander Decker
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have elevated levels of hormones like luteinizing hormone and testosterone, as well as higher levels of insulin and insulin resistance compared to healthy women. They also have increased levels of inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and leptin. This study found these abnormalities in the hormones and inflammatory cytokines of women with PCOS ages 23-40, indicating that hormone imbalances associated with insulin resistance and elevated inflammatory markers may worsen infertility in women with PCOS.
A usability evaluation framework for b2 c e commerce websitesAlexander Decker
This document presents a framework for evaluating the usability of B2C e-commerce websites. It involves user testing methods like usability testing and interviews to identify usability problems in areas like navigation, design, purchasing processes, and customer service. The framework specifies goals for the evaluation, determines which website aspects to evaluate, and identifies target users. It then describes collecting data through user testing and analyzing the results to identify usability problems and suggest improvements.
A universal model for managing the marketing executives in nigerian banksAlexander Decker
This document discusses a study that aimed to synthesize motivation theories into a universal model for managing marketing executives in Nigerian banks. The study was guided by Maslow and McGregor's theories. A sample of 303 marketing executives was used. The results showed that managers will be most effective at motivating marketing executives if they consider individual needs and create challenging but attainable goals. The emerged model suggests managers should provide job satisfaction by tailoring assignments to abilities and monitoring performance with feedback. This addresses confusion faced by Nigerian bank managers in determining effective motivation strategies.
A unique common fixed point theorems in generalized dAlexander Decker
This document presents definitions and properties related to generalized D*-metric spaces and establishes some common fixed point theorems for contractive type mappings in these spaces. It begins by introducing D*-metric spaces and generalized D*-metric spaces, defines concepts like convergence and Cauchy sequences. It presents lemmas showing the uniqueness of limits in these spaces and the equivalence of different definitions of convergence. The goal of the paper is then stated as obtaining a unique common fixed point theorem for generalized D*-metric spaces.
A trends of salmonella and antibiotic resistanceAlexander Decker
This document provides a review of trends in Salmonella and antibiotic resistance. It begins with an introduction to Salmonella as a facultative anaerobe that causes nontyphoidal salmonellosis. The emergence of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella is then discussed. The document proceeds to cover the historical perspective and classification of Salmonella, definitions of antimicrobials and antibiotic resistance, and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella including modification or destruction of antimicrobial agents, efflux pumps, modification of antibiotic targets, and decreased membrane permeability. Specific resistance mechanisms are discussed for several classes of antimicrobials.
A transformational generative approach towards understanding al-istifhamAlexander Decker
This document discusses a transformational-generative approach to understanding Al-Istifham, which refers to interrogative sentences in Arabic. It begins with an introduction to the origin and development of Arabic grammar. The paper then explains the theoretical framework of transformational-generative grammar that is used. Basic linguistic concepts and terms related to Arabic grammar are defined. The document analyzes how interrogative sentences in Arabic can be derived and transformed via tools from transformational-generative grammar, categorizing Al-Istifham into linguistic and literary questions.
A time series analysis of the determinants of savings in namibiaAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the determinants of savings in Namibia from 1991 to 2012. It reviews previous literature on savings determinants in developing countries. The study uses time series analysis including unit root tests, cointegration, and error correction models to analyze the relationship between savings and variables like income, inflation, population growth, deposit rates, and financial deepening in Namibia. The results found inflation and income have a positive impact on savings, while population growth negatively impacts savings. Deposit rates and financial deepening were found to have no significant impact. The study reinforces previous work and emphasizes the importance of improving income levels to achieve higher savings rates in Namibia.
A therapy for physical and mental fitness of school childrenAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the importance of exercise in maintaining physical and mental fitness for school children. It discusses how physical and mental fitness are developed through participation in regular physical exercises and cannot be achieved solely through classroom learning. The document outlines different types and components of fitness and argues that developing fitness should be a key objective of education systems. It recommends that schools ensure pupils engage in graded physical activities and exercises to support their overall development.
A theory of efficiency for managing the marketing executives in nigerian banksAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study examining efficiency in managing marketing executives in Nigerian banks. The study was examined through the lenses of Kaizen theory (continuous improvement) and efficiency theory. A survey of 303 marketing executives from Nigerian banks found that management plays a key role in identifying and implementing efficiency improvements. The document recommends adopting a "3H grand strategy" to improve the heads, hearts, and hands of management and marketing executives by enhancing their knowledge, attitudes, and tools.
This document discusses evaluating the link budget for effective 900MHz GSM communication. It describes the basic parameters needed for a high-level link budget calculation, including transmitter power, antenna gains, path loss, and propagation models. Common propagation models for 900MHz that are described include Okumura model for urban areas and Hata model for urban, suburban, and open areas. Rain attenuation is also incorporated using the updated ITU model to improve communication during rainfall.
A synthetic review of contraceptive supplies in punjabAlexander Decker
This document discusses contraceptive use in Punjab, Pakistan. It begins by providing background on the benefits of family planning and contraceptive use for maternal and child health. It then analyzes contraceptive commodity data from Punjab, finding that use is still low despite efforts to improve access. The document concludes by emphasizing the need for strategies to bridge gaps and meet the unmet need for effective and affordable contraceptive methods and supplies in Punjab in order to improve health outcomes.
A synthesis of taylor’s and fayol’s management approaches for managing market...Alexander Decker
1) The document discusses synthesizing Taylor's scientific management approach and Fayol's process management approach to identify an effective way to manage marketing executives in Nigerian banks.
2) It reviews Taylor's emphasis on efficiency and breaking tasks into small parts, and Fayol's focus on developing general management principles.
3) The study administered a survey to 303 marketing executives in Nigerian banks to test if combining elements of Taylor and Fayol's approaches would help manage their performance through clear roles, accountability, and motivation. Statistical analysis supported combining the two approaches.
A survey paper on sequence pattern mining with incrementalAlexander Decker
This document summarizes four algorithms for sequential pattern mining: GSP, ISM, FreeSpan, and PrefixSpan. GSP is an Apriori-based algorithm that incorporates time constraints. ISM extends SPADE to incrementally update patterns after database changes. FreeSpan uses frequent items to recursively project databases and grow subsequences. PrefixSpan also uses projection but claims to not require candidate generation. It recursively projects databases based on short prefix patterns. The document concludes by stating the goal was to find an efficient scheme for extracting sequential patterns from transactional datasets.
A survey on live virtual machine migrations and its techniquesAlexander Decker
This document summarizes several techniques for live virtual machine migration in cloud computing. It discusses works that have proposed affinity-aware migration models to improve resource utilization, energy efficient migration approaches using storage migration and live VM migration, and a dynamic consolidation technique using migration control to avoid unnecessary migrations. The document also summarizes works that have designed methods to minimize migration downtime and network traffic, proposed a resource reservation framework for efficient migration of multiple VMs, and addressed real-time issues in live migration. Finally, it provides a table summarizing the techniques, tools used, and potential future work or gaps identified for each discussed work.
A survey on data mining and analysis in hadoop and mongo dbAlexander Decker
This document discusses data mining of big data using Hadoop and MongoDB. It provides an overview of Hadoop and MongoDB and their uses in big data analysis. Specifically, it proposes using Hadoop for distributed processing and MongoDB for data storage and input. The document reviews several related works that discuss big data analysis using these tools, as well as their capabilities for scalable data storage and mining. It aims to improve computational time and fault tolerance for big data analysis by mining data stored in Hadoop using MongoDB and MapReduce.
1. The document discusses several challenges for integrating media with cloud computing including media content convergence, scalability and expandability, finding appropriate applications, and reliability.
2. Media content convergence challenges include dealing with the heterogeneity of media types, services, networks, devices, and quality of service requirements as well as integrating technologies used by media providers and consumers.
3. Scalability and expandability challenges involve adapting to the increasing volume of media content and being able to support new media formats and outlets over time.
This document surveys trust architectures that leverage provenance in wireless sensor networks. It begins with background on provenance, which refers to the documented history or derivation of data. Provenance can be used to assess trust by providing metadata about how data was processed. The document then discusses challenges for using provenance to establish trust in wireless sensor networks, which have constraints on energy and computation. Finally, it provides background on trust, which is the subjective probability that a node will behave dependably. Trust architectures need to be lightweight to account for the constraints of wireless sensor networks.
This document discusses private equity investments in Kenya. It provides background on private equity and discusses trends in various regions. The objectives of the study discussed are to establish the extent of private equity adoption in Kenya, identify common forms of private equity utilized, and determine typical exit strategies. Private equity can involve venture capital, leveraged buyouts, or mezzanine financing. Exits allow recycling of capital into new opportunities. The document provides context on private equity globally and in developing markets like Africa to frame the goals of the study.
This document discusses a study that analyzes the financial health of the Indian logistics industry from 2005-2012 using Altman's Z-score model. The study finds that the average Z-score for selected logistics firms was in the healthy to very healthy range during the study period. The average Z-score increased from 2006 to 2010 when the Indian economy was hit by the global recession, indicating the overall performance of the Indian logistics industry was good. The document reviews previous literature on measuring financial performance and distress using ratios and Z-scores, and outlines the objectives and methodology used in the current study.
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...TechSoup
Whether you're new to SEO or looking to refine your existing strategies, this webinar will provide you with actionable insights and practical tips to elevate your nonprofit's online presence.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥🔥
إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀💀
تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
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THE SACRIFICE HOW PRO-PALESTINE PROTESTS STUDENTS ARE SACRIFICING TO CHANGE T...indexPub
The recent surge in pro-Palestine student activism has prompted significant responses from universities, ranging from negotiations and divestment commitments to increased transparency about investments in companies supporting the war on Gaza. This activism has led to the cessation of student encampments but also highlighted the substantial sacrifices made by students, including academic disruptions and personal risks. The primary drivers of these protests are poor university administration, lack of transparency, and inadequate communication between officials and students. This study examines the profound emotional, psychological, and professional impacts on students engaged in pro-Palestine protests, focusing on Generation Z's (Gen-Z) activism dynamics. This paper explores the significant sacrifices made by these students and even the professors supporting the pro-Palestine movement, with a focus on recent global movements. Through an in-depth analysis of printed and electronic media, the study examines the impacts of these sacrifices on the academic and personal lives of those involved. The paper highlights examples from various universities, demonstrating student activism's long-term and short-term effects, including disciplinary actions, social backlash, and career implications. The researchers also explore the broader implications of student sacrifices. The findings reveal that these sacrifices are driven by a profound commitment to justice and human rights, and are influenced by the increasing availability of information, peer interactions, and personal convictions. The study also discusses the broader implications of this activism, comparing it to historical precedents and assessing its potential to influence policy and public opinion. The emotional and psychological toll on student activists is significant, but their sense of purpose and community support mitigates some of these challenges. However, the researchers call for acknowledging the broader Impact of these sacrifices on the future global movement of FreePalestine.
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The History of NZ 1870-1900.
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Supervision and inspection of adult literacy classes in nigeria an overview
1. Journal of Education and Practice www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online)
Vol 3, No 11, 2012
Supervision and Inspection of Adult Literacy Classes in Nigeria:
An Overview
Abdulkarim Ishaq*
Department of Continuing Education and Extension Services, University of Maiduguri, P.M.B 1069, Maiduguri,
Borno State, Nigeria.
* E-mail: abdulkarim_ishaq@yahoo.co.uk
Abstract
It is indubitable to say that the roles of supervision and inspection of adult literacy classes cannot be
over-emphasized. It is against this backdrop that this paper examines current issues in the supervision and
inspection of adult literacy classes in Nigeria. Specifically, the paper discusses the term supervision and inspection
in educational programmes, the roles of supervision and inspection in adult literacy classes, the problems of
supervision and inspection in Nigeria. The paper concludes that supervision/inspection is done to ensure that
things are done as planned to be carried out in an organization. Hence, adult literacy classes need adequate
supervision and or inspection in order to identify the strength and weaknesses of the classes; be it in the area of
personnel, material and funding and environmental. Recommendations were then proffered for improved practice.
Keywords: Supervision, Inspection, Adult Literacy, Classes, Inspectors, Supervisors
1. Introduction
The class as a social composition in an educational institution cannot function effectively if supervision of the
entire system is defective. The term supervision is commonly used not only in the education sector but in every
component of life. This is because it is a very important ingredient in a social system to ensure success in goal
achievement. The epistemology of the word, is derived from the Latin word ‘Supervidere’. If the word is split into
two, it makes literal meaning. ‘super’ mean ‘over’ and videre means “to watch or see”. The word supervision can
literally mean ‘to over see’. This connotes hierarchy, meaning someone is set over another to watch his /her deeds.
Against this background, Paul (2012) implied that educational supervision refers to an art of overseeing educators
(instructors) and learners in all educational settings.
Supervision therefore refers to the art of watching over a literacy class with special attention to instructors’
capability personality, the learners’ comprehension and learning environment to ensure goal attainment in adult
literacy programmes. Supervision according to Smith in stateuniversity.com (2012) is in types; they are
supportive, educational and administrative supervision. This classification was based on Kadushins’ model of
supervision. As far back as 1969 Robert GoldHammer in Smith (2005) proposed five stages of clinical supervision
as cited below:
1. A pre- observation conference between supervisor and teacher concerning the elements of the lesson to be
observed.
2. Classroom observation.
3. A supervisors’ analysis of notes from the observation and planning for the rest post observation
conference.
4. A post observation conference between supervisor and teacher.
5. A supervisors’ analysis of the post observation conference.
Some practitioners in supervision however reduced the stages in three as follows:
i) pre- observation conference.
ii) The observation and
iii) Post- observation conference.
2. The Role of Supervision in Adult Literacy Program
The roles of supervision can be perceived in different ways by different people. Some view the role of the
supervisors as threat to their jobs, judges, fault finders, etc. but others see the supervisors as a guides, helpers,
colleagues, etc. However, as diverse as these views are, the purpose of supervision makes it easier to identify the
role of the supervisor. According to Starratt in state university.com (2012) the following are the roles and
responsibilities of supervisors:
1. Mentoring or providing for mentoring of new instructors to facilitate a supportive induction into the
profession.
2. Bringing individual teachers up to minimum standards of effective teaching (quality assurance and
maintenance functions of supervision).
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2. Journal of Education and Practice www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online)
Vol 3, No 11, 2012
3. Improving individual teachers’ competencies, no matter how proficient they are deemed to be.
4. Working with groups of instructor’s in collaborative effort to improve students learning.
5. Working with groups of instructor’s to adapt the local curriculum to the needs and abilities of diverse
groups of learners while at the same time bringing the local curriculum in line with state and national
standard.
6. Relating instructor’s efforts to improve their teaching to the larger goals of literacy centre’s improvement in
the service of quality learning for all adults. Other roles of supervisors includes:
i) Surveying the school environment for improvement.
ii) Resolving intra and inter school – community conflict.
iii) Giving some piece of advice to stake-holders of the literacy centre.
2.1 Roles of Inspection in Adult Literacy Class
According to the Nigerian National Policy on Education (1981), the role of adult literacy centre inspection cannot
be over-emphasized. This is because the inspector goes out to visit adult literacy centres in order to ensure that
work is done accordingly and adult literacy centre rules are duly followed.
According to the Oxford Advanced Learners’ Dictionary (2000) the term inspection is derived from the verb
‘inspect’, which means to examine something closely; or to examine somebody/ something in order to detect the
presence of something. This definition concurs with Enoh’s (1992) assertion that the inspectorate division deals
with the inspection of educational institution. He added that, inspection is done to maintain standards by
professionals in various school disciplines. The role of adult literacy inspectorate division portrays the role of
inspection in school management.
The major purpose of inspection is to collect a range of evidence, match the evidence against a statutory set of
criteria and arrive at judgments known to the public. In Britain for instance, the role of inspection is to monitor the
standards, quality, efficiency and ethos of the schools and to inform the government and the general public on
these matter. MacGlynn and Stalker (1995) cited three reasons for conducting school inspection. They are:
1. Report on the effectiveness of education in schools and other educational institutions and to recommend
actions for improvement: In education, supervision and inspection are carried out to enable the officers to
observe in person, the happenings in the field of action. It is not enough to see those things but one should be
able to raise a comprehensive report on the effectiveness of the programme. In adult literacy, a report form is
used to take note of the things the supervisor or inspector observed in the literacy class. Where necessary, the
officer concerned will make recommendations considered useful for improving on the existing programme.
2. Evaluate the arrangement for assuring quality in schools: During inspection of adult literacy classes, the
officer concerned is to assess so as to evaluate the entire arrangement for ensuring quality in the
centers/classes. This has to do with the regular attendance by learners and instructors, the topics expected to
have been covered from inception of the programme to the date of inspection/supervision in order to identify
the extent of quality achieved so far.
3. Provide frank and objective advice to the higher education authorities and to ensure that educational
initiatives are implemented effectively: The supervisor serves as the eye of the Agency, so it is expected that,
based on the facts gathered from the field, he/she should be ready to give frank and objective advise to the
agency so as to ensure that, educational initiatives are well implemented.
From the above literature, it can be said that inspection is concerned mainly with maintenance and improvement of
standards and quality of education and should be an integral part of a school improvement programme.
In Nigeria the role of inspection has been vested on the Federal Ministry of Education and State Ministries of
Education in line with the provisions in the National Policy on Education (1981). According to the policy
document, education inspectors of the ministry are responsible for inspecting schools in their jurisdiction. They are
the officials of the ministry charged with the role of identifying and providing feedback on strength and
weaknesses in educational institutions for improving the quality of education provided and the achievement of
their learners.
In Kenya, inspectors were said to be classified into two (Olembo, Wanga & Karagu 1992). The first are the
generalists’ inspectors (charged with inspecting all areas of curriculum). The other category is the subject
inspectors who have both general and specialized knowledge of the subject matter and recruited to offer advisory
and consultancy services to teachers and to head teachers on teaching of the various subjects in schools.
From the above roles of both supervision and inspection spelt out in this paper, it can be seen that, going by
the roles of the two functions, they intend to breed good and not evil. Yet over time so many shy away from the
exercise; instructors and supervisors / inspectors alike. This could be probably as a result of the problems
associated with supervision and inspection.
Problems of inspection
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3. Journal of Education and Practice www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online)
Vol 3, No 11, 2012
Some problems of inspection according to Achayo and Githagui (2001) to include the following:
1. Unprofessional conduct of inspectors: the people serving as inspectors are either not professionals or they
don’t operate as professionals. The unprofessional conduct of the inspectors and supervisors often end up
causing unhealthy relationship between the parties concerned. In some literacy centers, inspected
instructors feel embarrassed by the intimidating approaches of the supervisors and the inspectors who
shout at them in the presence of learners and the general public.
2. Attitudes and Commitment: Olembo et al (1992) observed that, many inspectors have negative attitudes
towards supervision and inspection. Instructors also have negative attitudes towards supervision. This
could be due to lack of job satisfaction and disappointment from the superiors. Some times it happens that
a supervisor/inspector reports a case of nonchalant attitude from instructors for disciplinary action(s),
however, the superiors may end up releasing the offender unpunished. This usually ends up in lost of
personality by the supervisors and inspectors. The task of preparations for supervision make instructors to
work hard to meet up with qualities required during supervision. So they tend to develop negative attitude
towards supervision/inspection.
3. Feedback and follow up: Inadequate and lack of feedback on the report of inspection or supervision is one
of the problems of supervision in education and adult literacy programmes in particular. This is because
those supervised or inspected get frustrated as they wait for feedback and not find in the expected period.
Sometimes it seems that most reports submitted are left unattended to by the higher authorities who
destroy the image of the organization and officers in the field (Olembo, Wanga and Karagu 1992 &
Samson 2009).
4. Lack of cooperation: Cooperation is a ligament of organization, it helps group of people work together,
making each person contribute his quota of his service towards goal achievement. Yet this important
ingredient is lacking between the inspectors and other components of the educational system. For
instance, most literacy centre managers are not willing to cooperate with the inspectors as the task may
reveal some skeletons in their cupboards. The localities where adult literacy centres are located are mostly
not willing to accept or welcome inspectors in to their centres. They usually think the
supervisors/inspectors are there to find fault and may close their centres. There is no cooperation between
learners, instructors, non-instructors and inspectors due to tedious task of preparation for inspection. The
inspectors and the ministry lack good cooperation due inadequate funding of supervision/inspection
work. The local government authorities do not cooperate with the inspectors/supervisors this may seem to
be due to serious power sharing between the local government areas and the inspectors/supervisors. Lack
of incentives to inspectors by the relevant authorities also causes problems to the inspection/supervision
process. The art of supervision and inspection should be a team work between the higher and the lower
officers to enable the organization achieve its goals. But superiority and inferiority complex do affect
team building in supervision/inspection of adult literacy classes in Nigeria (Masara (1987 & Samson
2009).
5. Pre service and in-service training: It was observed by Olembo et al (1992) that it sometimes new officers
are given pre-service training i.e. induction course which help orient them in to the code of conducts of
the new duty. Most supervisors and inspectors of adult literacy programme do not have chances of
in-service training due to either sponsorship or financial related problems. Its has been long that a
workshop for supervisors and inspectors of adult literacy programme was done in most states in Nigeria,
the newly recruited staff have no enough knowledge while the old ones have retired with their skills
leaving the field with neophytes.
6. Lack of inspectorate autonomy: According to Achayo and Githagui (2001) the inspectorate department is
not autonomous therefore it encounters serious fund disbursement problems as it takes longer time for
fund to be released to carry out an activity. Often time approvals for conducting inspection or supervision
are not easily granted due to financial implication.
7. Transport: This encompasses lack of official vehicles in most of the area offices. in fact there are no
motorcycles in the offices for that purpose in some States of the federation. And where inspectors are
sacrificing to use their personal resources to inspect the classes, the fueling is a menace to their sacrifice.
The roads to the communities where adult literacy classes are located are bad and therefore access
becomes very difficult for supervisors/inspectors to reach. The literacy classes are usually located or
spread across the state by local government areas, to inspect or supervise these classes, good transport
equipments are needed to get there. It is observed by this author that, some Agencies do not have vehicles
for supervision/inspection of their literacy centers in the local government area offices. Lack of these
equipments affects regularity or adequacy of supervision or inspection. In deed where the roads are there,
seasonal changes come with their difficulties to inspect a class. For instance in the rainy season, the roads
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4. Journal of Education and Practice www.iiste.org
ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online)
Vol 3, No 11, 2012
to the remote communities where most of the illiterates are found are difficult to go by, therefore
hindering adequate supervision/inspection of the literacy classes (Mwanzia, 1985; Samson 2009).
8. Poor planning of inspection: A lot of times, inspection and supervision are not well planned for. Both the
supervisors / inspectors and the field officers i.e. instructors do not usually plan well for the activity which
ends up resulting in failure to achieve the overall goal of supervision / inspection in education (Olembo et
al 1992 and Samson 2009).
9. Cost of inspection: This covers inadequate budget allocation and budget implementation, no inspection
allowances paid to inspectors, lack of reporting equipments, stationery, cabinet for safe keeping of
documents. The task of going round different centres cannot be easily done without cost implication. For
instance, the cost of transportation and payment of Non-Accountable Transport Allowance (NATA) to
the inspectors/ supervisors are not done due to poor funding of education in general and inspectorate
department in particular. In the midst of the present tide, budget allocation to education expending to this
activity faces difficulty in funding the unit (Samson, 2009).
10. Inspectors’ recruitment, selection and deployment: It was observed by this author that the recent
recruitment, selection and deployment of inspectors and supervisors are not done well in some parts of
Nigeria. Some times junior staff are placed as inspectors or supervisors to oversee the work of senior
officers instead of the seniors overseeing the juniors. The problem of respect for the persons inspecting
are often lacking as an atmosphere of rivalry burst forth among them hinder good supervision. Personnel
being a backbone to every institution are in adequate in the inspectorate offices. Where there are, most of
them are untrained in the skills of inspection and less or inexperienced in educational strategies. There are
cases of inordinate posting and promotions into the office of inspectors. A task meant to be carried out by
well experienced educationists’ is now done by neophytes which results in to serious setback and
deforming the inspectorate image. The un-lucrative nature of the inspectorate field makes people to shy
away from serving in the office as inspectors. Cases exist of inordinate appointment of people into offices
as inspectors and supervisors of adult literacy programmes. Those appointed are either not experienced in
the field of adult educational management or not grown to the senior rank in service (Samson 2009;
Achayo & Githagui 2001).
11. Mis-use of inspection reports: It was observed by Samson (2009) that very often in practice report of
inspection and supervision is mis-used for personal reasons. The report developed out of objective
purposes are often treated with suspicious mindset. He exposed that, tribal and religious inclinations,
regionalization and zonalizations in states and the nation at large contributes to misuse of inspection
report in education. Corrupt practices among authorities in offices is also a cause to the misuse of
inspection reports, in some cases officers are called and shown reports raised on them to get favour and
gift from the offenders (Samson 2009).
12. Inadequate resources: Material resources such as papers, pens card board papers, cabinets, furniture, etc
Samson (2009) said are highly inadequate in most offices of the inspectors and supervisors in most states
in Nigeria. There are no printing materials in most of the offices, so typing reports for the office are done
in Computer business centers, a situation affecting confidentiality.
13. Inspection report writing: According to Samson (2009) the process of writing inspection report is tasking
due to difficult situation of inadequate writing materials, lack of comfortable seats, record keeping and
above all the attitudes of the higher authority on the reports.
14. Time constraints hinder adequate and meaningful inspection of schools (Wilcox and Gray, 1994).
15. Bureaucratic procedure: Samson (2009) observed that, the laid down government procedure of
undertaking a task in an organization often slows down the phase or speed of inspection. Very often
inspection schedules are by passed due the process of securing approval for carrying out inspection of
adult literacy classes.
3. Conclusion
Supervision/inspection is done to ensure that things are done as planned to be carried out in an organization. Adult
literacy classes need adequate supervision and or inspection in order to identify the strength and weaknesses of the
classes; be it in the area of personnel, material and funding and environmental. Some problems were identified in
this paper. Seven suggestions were made to enhance supervision of literacy classes for goal achievement in adult
literacy delivery in Nigeria.
Recommendations
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ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online)
Vol 3, No 11, 2012
1. This paper recommends for proper and timely funding and fund disbursement to the supervision section
in Adult education for effective monitoring and evaluation for effective goal achievement.
2. Adequate purchase and supply of vehicles should be made to the Agencies where none exist and fueling
of the vehicles should be routinely done for adequate inspection.
3. Recruitment and appointment of senior as well as experienced personnel should be ensured for prestige
and orderliness in the job.
4. Adequate training and retraining of supervisors and inspectors on the job should be ensured for good job
performance.
5. There should be good use of reports of inspection/supervision towards actions on the weaknesses
identified during inspection.
6. Some level of autonomy should be given to the supervisory/inspectorate unit in the Agency as it is in the
ministry of education to enable them both plan and carry out supervision at their scheduled time.
7. Disciplinary measures should be taken on inspectors/supervisors found with misconduct during
supervision of literacy classes.
8. Feedback on the supervision/inspection should be done as early as possible so that burn out does not
occur in the beneficiaries.
9. Ensure payment of incentives to supervisors and inspectors to boost their morale.
If the above mentioned recommendations are duly followed, I hope that a better course will be created for effective
supervision and inspection of adult literacy classes in Nigeria.
References
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Enoh, A.O. (1992). A hand book of educational foundations. Jos: Jubilee publications.
Mark, K.S. (2005). The functions of supervision; the encyclopedia of informal education, Last update: January 04,
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Federal Republic of Nigeria (1981). National Policy on Education. Yaba -Lagos. NEREDC press.
Hornby, A.S. (Ed) (2000). Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary. Oxford University Press; 6th edition.
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http://education.state University.com/pages/2472/supervision-Instruction.html">Supervision of Instruction-The
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41
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