This document summarizes a case study on daylighting design in buildings in Tehran, Iran. It discusses how daylighting can substantially reduce energy use by lowering needs for electric lighting. However, excessive daylighting can also increase heating and cooling loads. The study evaluates daylight factors and glazing factors to determine feasibility of daylighting for a building in Tehran. It also discusses strategies for passive solar shading to control glare and heat gain, including recommendations for different building orientations. Calculations are provided to optimize passive shading designs using sun path diagrams specific to Tehran's latitude.
Day lighting is the controlled admission of natural light into a building to reduce electric lighting and save energy. It provides psychological benefits like improved well-being and productivity as well as energy savings of up to one-third of total building costs. The design goals of day lighting are to provide adequate light quality and quantity throughout the space while integrating with building systems and achieving cost effectiveness. Artificial lighting must also be integrated to effectively provide energy savings from day lighting. There are various energy efficient techniques for day lighting like window placement, shading, and lighting controls.
How to evaluate daylight in low energy and nZEB buildings. Solar shadings needs to be takne into account as dynamic shadings are used for up to 80% of the time.
Natural lighting is the primary source of illumination and consists of direct sunlight and sky illumination. For daylighting design, only sky illumination is considered. Good distribution of daylight is achieved through window height, width, and sill height recommendations. Artificial lighting may supplement daylight to meet illumination levels or for visual tasks requiring higher light levels. Different interior lighting concepts like room-related, task area, and work surface lighting provide appropriate illumination for various spaces and visual needs.
This document discusses the benefits of daylighting design in buildings. It notes that daylighting can increase student and worker productivity by up to 20% and 50%, respectively, and reduce energy costs by 30%+. Daylighting is better for human, economic, and environmental performance. The document then describes several daylighting prototypes for a school that were modeled, showing reductions in energy use and costs. It advocates for an integrated design approach to daylighting to maximize benefits.
Building bye laws lighting ans ventilationShourya Puri
The document provides guidelines on building orientation, ventilation, and lighting according to climatic zones and national building codes. It discusses how building orientation aims to provide thermal and visual comfort by reducing undesirable weather effects. It also covers types of ventilation, factors influencing building orientation, and recommended illumination levels. Design principles are provided for daylighting, artificial lighting, and applying natural ventilation strategies according to climatic conditions.
Use of IT for improving energy efficiency in the buildings of IIT DelhiKangkan Boro
Buildings account for a large portion of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions worldwide. While vehicles have become more fuel efficient, buildings have not improved much in terms of energy efficiency. This document proposes several solutions to make IIT Delhi buildings more energy efficient, such as installing a building management system to automate lighting and cooling based on occupancy sensors, switching to more efficient LED bulbs, implementing daylighting design techniques, using a biomass gasifier for power, installing underground air tunnels for passive cooling, installing solar photovoltaic cells, and using energy efficient windows. These techniques could significantly reduce the campus' energy usage and costs while making the buildings more sustainable.
Daylight factor is a numerical ratio used to describe the relationship between indoor and outdoor daylight illuminances, typically under overcast sky conditions. Key factors that impact daylight factor include the size and location of windows/skylights, room geometry, location of points of interest within the room, glazing transmittance, surface reflectances, exterior obstructions, and daylighting enhancements. Daylight factor can be used as a design criterion by establishing targets for different spaces, as a performance predictor using models and simulations, and as a measure of actual performance through on-site measurements after construction. The design process involves establishing criteria, selecting daylighting approaches, modeling performance, and iterating the design to meet the criteria.
This document discusses the principles of effective daylight design in architecture. It outlines how daylight enters buildings and factors like orientation, glazing size and position, and glazing type impact daylight levels. Effective daylight design considers the building form, orientation, and use of windows, skylights, clerestory windows, and monitors to optimize natural light distribution while reducing glare and heat gains/losses. The document provides guidance on designing healthy buildings with controlled natural lighting according to room needs.
Day lighting is the controlled admission of natural light into a building to reduce electric lighting and save energy. It provides psychological benefits like improved well-being and productivity as well as energy savings of up to one-third of total building costs. The design goals of day lighting are to provide adequate light quality and quantity throughout the space while integrating with building systems and achieving cost effectiveness. Artificial lighting must also be integrated to effectively provide energy savings from day lighting. There are various energy efficient techniques for day lighting like window placement, shading, and lighting controls.
How to evaluate daylight in low energy and nZEB buildings. Solar shadings needs to be takne into account as dynamic shadings are used for up to 80% of the time.
Natural lighting is the primary source of illumination and consists of direct sunlight and sky illumination. For daylighting design, only sky illumination is considered. Good distribution of daylight is achieved through window height, width, and sill height recommendations. Artificial lighting may supplement daylight to meet illumination levels or for visual tasks requiring higher light levels. Different interior lighting concepts like room-related, task area, and work surface lighting provide appropriate illumination for various spaces and visual needs.
This document discusses the benefits of daylighting design in buildings. It notes that daylighting can increase student and worker productivity by up to 20% and 50%, respectively, and reduce energy costs by 30%+. Daylighting is better for human, economic, and environmental performance. The document then describes several daylighting prototypes for a school that were modeled, showing reductions in energy use and costs. It advocates for an integrated design approach to daylighting to maximize benefits.
Building bye laws lighting ans ventilationShourya Puri
The document provides guidelines on building orientation, ventilation, and lighting according to climatic zones and national building codes. It discusses how building orientation aims to provide thermal and visual comfort by reducing undesirable weather effects. It also covers types of ventilation, factors influencing building orientation, and recommended illumination levels. Design principles are provided for daylighting, artificial lighting, and applying natural ventilation strategies according to climatic conditions.
Use of IT for improving energy efficiency in the buildings of IIT DelhiKangkan Boro
Buildings account for a large portion of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions worldwide. While vehicles have become more fuel efficient, buildings have not improved much in terms of energy efficiency. This document proposes several solutions to make IIT Delhi buildings more energy efficient, such as installing a building management system to automate lighting and cooling based on occupancy sensors, switching to more efficient LED bulbs, implementing daylighting design techniques, using a biomass gasifier for power, installing underground air tunnels for passive cooling, installing solar photovoltaic cells, and using energy efficient windows. These techniques could significantly reduce the campus' energy usage and costs while making the buildings more sustainable.
Daylight factor is a numerical ratio used to describe the relationship between indoor and outdoor daylight illuminances, typically under overcast sky conditions. Key factors that impact daylight factor include the size and location of windows/skylights, room geometry, location of points of interest within the room, glazing transmittance, surface reflectances, exterior obstructions, and daylighting enhancements. Daylight factor can be used as a design criterion by establishing targets for different spaces, as a performance predictor using models and simulations, and as a measure of actual performance through on-site measurements after construction. The design process involves establishing criteria, selecting daylighting approaches, modeling performance, and iterating the design to meet the criteria.
This document discusses the principles of effective daylight design in architecture. It outlines how daylight enters buildings and factors like orientation, glazing size and position, and glazing type impact daylight levels. Effective daylight design considers the building form, orientation, and use of windows, skylights, clerestory windows, and monitors to optimize natural light distribution while reducing glare and heat gains/losses. The document provides guidance on designing healthy buildings with controlled natural lighting according to room needs.
The document discusses top lighting as a daylighting strategy. It defines top lighting as using openings located at the roof plane to admit daylight. It describes different types of top lighting like skylights, clerestories, and sawtooth roofs. Top lighting is well-suited for overcast skies and single-story buildings. Advantages include coordinated electric lighting and expressive building forms. Drawbacks can include visual discomfort from direct sun and lack of exterior views. The design process involves setting daylight factor targets, arranging spaces under roof openings, selecting aperture types, and adding shading as needed.
This document discusses guidelines for human comfort design in buildings. It addresses how buildings should keep occupants comfortable, efficient, healthy and safe as they go about their tasks. Comfort is influenced by temperature, humidity, noise, light, smell and other factors. Passive design strategies like daylighting and natural ventilation can help keep people comfortable without purchased energy. Active strategies like HVAC systems are also discussed. The document provides recommendations and considerations for maintaining thermal, visual, acoustic and olfactory comfort.
Bsee – effective use of daylight strategies on west bengal pollution control ...Karan Tibdewal
The document summarizes the daylighting strategies used in the West Bengal Pollution Control Board building, including orientation and shading. Due to the long, narrow plot facing northwest and southeast, the building was oriented north-south for optimal daylighting, ventilation, and thermal conditions in key spaces. Shading devices were specifically designed for different wall orientations, using vertical louvers for north-facing windows, horizontal louvers for south-facing windows, and a combination for east and west-facing windows. Simulations showed that the shading design allowed winter sun in while cutting off summer sun to reduce energy usage.
Daylighting Analysis of Electrochromic switchable glazing compared to convent...Loren Abraham
This presentation provides a high level summary of the Daylighting Analysis including Glare Evaluation and climate based metrics (Daylight Autonomy -DA - and Utilization of Daylight Index - UDI) of Electrochromic switchable glazing compared to conventional static glazing for the atrium roof in a ten story Office Building.in South Korea. These analysis were performed using a detailed model constructed in Rhino and using Diva, a plugin for Rhino developed by Christoff Reinhart, Alstan Jekubiac and Jeffrey Neimasz at the Harvard School of Architecture. The annual daylighting performance utilyzes the unique dynamic shading modeling capability in DIVA which works in conjunction with Radiance, a program developed by the Biulding Technology Group at LBNL and by Greg Ward. DIVA is marketed by Solemma (see www.diva4rhino.com). Electrochromic glazing modeled as per the manufacturer's specifications - Sage Electrochroimics, Inc.
A light shelf is an architectural element used to more evenly distribute daylight entering a building through side windows. Light shelves reduce electrical lighting usage and cooling loads while improving physical and visual comfort by reducing glare and contrast caused by daylight. The positioning, material, and design of light shelves affect how daylight is distributed. Exterior light shelves help distribute daylight levels and provide sun shading, while interior light shelves decrease contrast and provide an even light distribution. Proper implementation of light shelves considers orientation, shelf height and angle, ceilings, windows, shading, finishes, and maintenance.
Creating energy-efficient buildings can be a large task, but following these tips and tricks about daylighting can make the job easier. Learn about everything from window placement to skylights and how they can help you achieve a more efficient building.
Vertical fins are lightweight screening systems useful for buildings. They can obscure unwanted views to improve aesthetics while lowering solar glare and allowing light intake. Vertical fins reduce harsh external elements like weather and airborne toxins while enabling airflow, and can provide security without a prison-like appearance. Well-designed vertical fins can significantly reduce building energy costs by decreasing peak heat gain and improving natural lighting quality through controlled sun exposure. They may reduce annual cooling costs by 5-15% depending on window placement. Vertical fins also enhance visual comfort by managing glare and lighting contrasts, improving occupant satisfaction and productivity.
Temperature and Azimuth angle variation effect on the Building Integrated Pho...IOSR Journals
This document analyzes the effects of temperature and azimuth angle variation on power generation from building integrated photovoltaic systems in Bangladesh. It finds that power output increases by around 10.05% when the tilt/azimuth angle is varied from 21°/180° to 21°/0° at a temperature of 30°C, taking into account Bangladesh's climate. It also examines how solar irradiation and the maximum voltage and current from a photovoltaic module vary over the course of a day. The power generation characteristics of two photovoltaic arrays are characterized considering variations in temperature and azimuth angle.
The document summarizes four air conditioning systems that can enhance green technology:
1) Solar-enhanced systems that use solar thermal energy to drive double effect chillers for more efficient cooling.
2) Ice-powered air conditioners that store energy at night in ice to provide cooling during peak daytime hours using 95% less energy.
3) Systems using natural refrigerants like hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide that are more energy efficient and have lower global warming potential than fluorocarbons.
4) Inverter technology that varies compressor speed based on cooling needs, providing better temperature control while reducing power consumption up to 71% compared to non-inverter systems.
The field of thermoelectrics has been growing steadily due to its ability to convert heat directly into electricity and to develop cost
effective, pollution free forms of energy conversion, aiming at efficiencies as high as possible. Low-dimensional structures have proved to be promising candidates for enhancing the thermoelectric properties of semiconductors. Here, we discuss the idea of implementation of dense arrays of armchair graphene nanoribbons in microfabricated structures to develop planar unileg thermoelectric microgenerators to convert heat fl ow into electrical energy. This paper is a discussion on energy scavenging to provide power autonomy to devices on a human body i.e., thermoelectric conversion of human heat and thereby summarizes the advantages of this material for commercial use because of its extra ordinary thermo electric performance.
This document presents an early energy analysis of a multi-family building in New York City. It compares a baseline building design to an improved baseline design with better insulation and construction elements. The improved baseline design saw a decrease in heat transmission of 1.8415 W/m2.K and an increase in total thermal resistance of 2.3753 m2K/W. Apache and Suncast analyses found that adding a canopy provided further energy savings by reducing heat gain on the building. Overall, the analysis shows that improving insulation and adding a canopy can significantly reduce the building's energy consumption and costs.
The document discusses solar control and shading. It begins by explaining that shading is needed to prevent solar radiation from contributing to discomfort when temperatures are within or above the comfort zone, but may be desirable to allow solar heating at cooler times. There are three effects of solar radiation entering a room: heating surfaces, increasing mean radiant temperature, and causing glare. The function of shading is to eliminate these three effects. Shading design must consider factors like air flow, daylight admission, and views. Exterior shading is most effective for solar control while interior shading provides visual comfort and control. The document provides details on types of exterior and interior shading devices and their effectiveness.
Enhancing the Efficiency of Solar Panel Using Cooling SystemsIJERA Editor
The recent upsurge in the demand of photovoltaic systems is due to the fact that they produce electric power without causing much damage to the environment by directly converting the solar radiation into electric power. Solar energy is completely natural, it is considered as a clean energy source. So the study on enhancing the efficiency of solar panel is very necessary. Photovoltaic cells get overheated due to excessive solar radiation and ambient temperature. Therefore to rectify this problem different cooling systems are used so as to maintain the temperature of the cells
Initial Development of an Electrical Power Generator by using Thermoelectric ...IJECEIAES
Electrical energy is important in various developments to ensure global stability. However, most electrical energy sources are non-renewable and these sources are expected to be depleted in the near future. In order to solve this problem, research on renewable energy sources are intensified and thermoelectric generator (TEG) is one of the potential solutions. TEG can generate electricity if the there is a temperature difference between the hot end and cold end of its plate and it is widely used in various applications, ranging from high temperature of a steam generator until to the lowest temperature of a human body. The initial development of this work focuses on the electrical power generator design by using focal lens to focus sunlight, a form of renewable energy, on the TEG hot end and also underground heat dissipation system on the cold end to create temperature difference. The initial results showed that the amount of power produced by the system is quite small but reasonable due to the type of TEGs used. However, the heat dissipation system showed a promising development due to its nondependency on external energy to expel heat from the cold side.
This document discusses various techniques for shading buildings to reduce unwanted heat gain from the sun. It describes how effective shading can block up to 90% of the heat from direct sunlight. Shading techniques include fixed or movable exterior shades, overhangs, vegetation, and orientation of the building. The type of shading needed depends on the climate and location. For example, hot climates require year-round shading while temperate climates only need shading during peak sunlight hours. Proper shading of walls, roofs, windows and skylights can significantly reduce a building's cooling needs.
The usage of thermoelectric generator as a renewable energy sourceTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Currently thermoelectric generators (TEG) are widely used in biomedical, military and space satellite power applications. TEG of high power plants are mostly used in automobile and industrial engines. This paper discusses TEG as a renewable energy source. Here the TEG in the application is used in the thermoelectric generator power plant. The working principle of this thermoelectric generator is on the heat side of the TEG peltier which is coated in metal in the form of aluminum, which is heated by a heater. And the cold side of the TEG Peltier is placed on the heat sink (as a heat dissipation metal). Heatsinks are submerged in water which are submerged about half or more. If the temperature of the metal being heated and the temperature of heat dissipation metal have a certain difference, then the temperature difference causes TEG to start working. The greater the temperature difference, the greater the electrical energy produced will be. However, if the temperature difference is too large it will damage the bismuth semiconductor material used. After TEG starts working it will produce voltage and current.
An Analysis of Solar Heating System for Buildingdbpublications
In this paper, the analysis has been carried out for the solar energy technologies (PV) system employed for energy supply in a hostel building for different end uses e.g. heating and electricity. The building is Ramanujam Hostel located in Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur. The building was designed based on current regulations on energy efficiency in buildings. This analysis is designed for minimizing energy consumption by the appropriate choice of the space heating and electricity systems and to find the power capacity of the hostel building. A major part of electricity required for lighting, domestic appliances and the functioning of space heating system is generated through a PV system. The PV systems are installed on the building roof.
IRJET- Electricity Load Analytics for Light Energyconsumption in a House usin...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes light energy consumption in a house located in Belgium over a 4.5 month period. It finds that light energy usage varies based on seasonal weather patterns, with higher consumption in winter and lower consumption in spring. In winter, when temperatures are lower and humidity is higher, light usage averaged 17.48 watts per month. In spring, when temperatures rise and humidity falls, average monthly light usage decreased to 8.79 watts. The analysis uses data on indoor light consumption, outdoor temperature and humidity to understand how weather impacts domestic lighting needs over different seasons.
Sales Training - New Building Codes for Lighting - CA Title 24Jennifer Andrews
Sales training breakdown of changes to LED lighting code standards in commercial buildings and retrofits. LumaStream's Low-voltage LED lighting meets or exceeds standards in each area, offering competitive advantage over high voltage options, and low-voltage competitors. Outlines changes required for commercial spaces including, multi-level controls, automatic shut-off, occupancy sensor controls, daylighting, demand response, power density values, typical RCRs, color rendering index (CRI), compliance procedures for commercial buildings, among other new requirements.
Lighting systems and their design..mau --jmi-2014Mohd Azmatullah
An essential service in all the industries,
The power consumption by the industrial lighting varies between 2 to 10% of the total power depending on the type of industry.
Lightingisanarea,whichprovidesamajorscopetoachieveenergyefficiencyatthedesignstage,by incorporation of modern energy efficient lamps,luminaires and gears,apart from good operational practices.
This document discusses various types of lighting systems and lamps, including:
- Incandescent lamps like the carbon filament lamp and tungsten lamps. Tungsten lamps work by heating a tungsten filament until it glows.
- Compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) which work like fluorescent bulbs but in a smaller package and are more efficient than incandescent.
- Halogen lamps which are more efficient than tungsten lamps and have a longer life due to a halogen gas that redeposits evaporated tungsten.
- High-intensity discharge (HID) lamps like high-pressure sodium, metal halide, and mercury vapor lamps which produce high levels of light from
The document discusses top lighting as a daylighting strategy. It defines top lighting as using openings located at the roof plane to admit daylight. It describes different types of top lighting like skylights, clerestories, and sawtooth roofs. Top lighting is well-suited for overcast skies and single-story buildings. Advantages include coordinated electric lighting and expressive building forms. Drawbacks can include visual discomfort from direct sun and lack of exterior views. The design process involves setting daylight factor targets, arranging spaces under roof openings, selecting aperture types, and adding shading as needed.
This document discusses guidelines for human comfort design in buildings. It addresses how buildings should keep occupants comfortable, efficient, healthy and safe as they go about their tasks. Comfort is influenced by temperature, humidity, noise, light, smell and other factors. Passive design strategies like daylighting and natural ventilation can help keep people comfortable without purchased energy. Active strategies like HVAC systems are also discussed. The document provides recommendations and considerations for maintaining thermal, visual, acoustic and olfactory comfort.
Bsee – effective use of daylight strategies on west bengal pollution control ...Karan Tibdewal
The document summarizes the daylighting strategies used in the West Bengal Pollution Control Board building, including orientation and shading. Due to the long, narrow plot facing northwest and southeast, the building was oriented north-south for optimal daylighting, ventilation, and thermal conditions in key spaces. Shading devices were specifically designed for different wall orientations, using vertical louvers for north-facing windows, horizontal louvers for south-facing windows, and a combination for east and west-facing windows. Simulations showed that the shading design allowed winter sun in while cutting off summer sun to reduce energy usage.
Daylighting Analysis of Electrochromic switchable glazing compared to convent...Loren Abraham
This presentation provides a high level summary of the Daylighting Analysis including Glare Evaluation and climate based metrics (Daylight Autonomy -DA - and Utilization of Daylight Index - UDI) of Electrochromic switchable glazing compared to conventional static glazing for the atrium roof in a ten story Office Building.in South Korea. These analysis were performed using a detailed model constructed in Rhino and using Diva, a plugin for Rhino developed by Christoff Reinhart, Alstan Jekubiac and Jeffrey Neimasz at the Harvard School of Architecture. The annual daylighting performance utilyzes the unique dynamic shading modeling capability in DIVA which works in conjunction with Radiance, a program developed by the Biulding Technology Group at LBNL and by Greg Ward. DIVA is marketed by Solemma (see www.diva4rhino.com). Electrochromic glazing modeled as per the manufacturer's specifications - Sage Electrochroimics, Inc.
A light shelf is an architectural element used to more evenly distribute daylight entering a building through side windows. Light shelves reduce electrical lighting usage and cooling loads while improving physical and visual comfort by reducing glare and contrast caused by daylight. The positioning, material, and design of light shelves affect how daylight is distributed. Exterior light shelves help distribute daylight levels and provide sun shading, while interior light shelves decrease contrast and provide an even light distribution. Proper implementation of light shelves considers orientation, shelf height and angle, ceilings, windows, shading, finishes, and maintenance.
Creating energy-efficient buildings can be a large task, but following these tips and tricks about daylighting can make the job easier. Learn about everything from window placement to skylights and how they can help you achieve a more efficient building.
Vertical fins are lightweight screening systems useful for buildings. They can obscure unwanted views to improve aesthetics while lowering solar glare and allowing light intake. Vertical fins reduce harsh external elements like weather and airborne toxins while enabling airflow, and can provide security without a prison-like appearance. Well-designed vertical fins can significantly reduce building energy costs by decreasing peak heat gain and improving natural lighting quality through controlled sun exposure. They may reduce annual cooling costs by 5-15% depending on window placement. Vertical fins also enhance visual comfort by managing glare and lighting contrasts, improving occupant satisfaction and productivity.
Temperature and Azimuth angle variation effect on the Building Integrated Pho...IOSR Journals
This document analyzes the effects of temperature and azimuth angle variation on power generation from building integrated photovoltaic systems in Bangladesh. It finds that power output increases by around 10.05% when the tilt/azimuth angle is varied from 21°/180° to 21°/0° at a temperature of 30°C, taking into account Bangladesh's climate. It also examines how solar irradiation and the maximum voltage and current from a photovoltaic module vary over the course of a day. The power generation characteristics of two photovoltaic arrays are characterized considering variations in temperature and azimuth angle.
The document summarizes four air conditioning systems that can enhance green technology:
1) Solar-enhanced systems that use solar thermal energy to drive double effect chillers for more efficient cooling.
2) Ice-powered air conditioners that store energy at night in ice to provide cooling during peak daytime hours using 95% less energy.
3) Systems using natural refrigerants like hydrocarbons and carbon dioxide that are more energy efficient and have lower global warming potential than fluorocarbons.
4) Inverter technology that varies compressor speed based on cooling needs, providing better temperature control while reducing power consumption up to 71% compared to non-inverter systems.
The field of thermoelectrics has been growing steadily due to its ability to convert heat directly into electricity and to develop cost
effective, pollution free forms of energy conversion, aiming at efficiencies as high as possible. Low-dimensional structures have proved to be promising candidates for enhancing the thermoelectric properties of semiconductors. Here, we discuss the idea of implementation of dense arrays of armchair graphene nanoribbons in microfabricated structures to develop planar unileg thermoelectric microgenerators to convert heat fl ow into electrical energy. This paper is a discussion on energy scavenging to provide power autonomy to devices on a human body i.e., thermoelectric conversion of human heat and thereby summarizes the advantages of this material for commercial use because of its extra ordinary thermo electric performance.
This document presents an early energy analysis of a multi-family building in New York City. It compares a baseline building design to an improved baseline design with better insulation and construction elements. The improved baseline design saw a decrease in heat transmission of 1.8415 W/m2.K and an increase in total thermal resistance of 2.3753 m2K/W. Apache and Suncast analyses found that adding a canopy provided further energy savings by reducing heat gain on the building. Overall, the analysis shows that improving insulation and adding a canopy can significantly reduce the building's energy consumption and costs.
The document discusses solar control and shading. It begins by explaining that shading is needed to prevent solar radiation from contributing to discomfort when temperatures are within or above the comfort zone, but may be desirable to allow solar heating at cooler times. There are three effects of solar radiation entering a room: heating surfaces, increasing mean radiant temperature, and causing glare. The function of shading is to eliminate these three effects. Shading design must consider factors like air flow, daylight admission, and views. Exterior shading is most effective for solar control while interior shading provides visual comfort and control. The document provides details on types of exterior and interior shading devices and their effectiveness.
Enhancing the Efficiency of Solar Panel Using Cooling SystemsIJERA Editor
The recent upsurge in the demand of photovoltaic systems is due to the fact that they produce electric power without causing much damage to the environment by directly converting the solar radiation into electric power. Solar energy is completely natural, it is considered as a clean energy source. So the study on enhancing the efficiency of solar panel is very necessary. Photovoltaic cells get overheated due to excessive solar radiation and ambient temperature. Therefore to rectify this problem different cooling systems are used so as to maintain the temperature of the cells
Initial Development of an Electrical Power Generator by using Thermoelectric ...IJECEIAES
Electrical energy is important in various developments to ensure global stability. However, most electrical energy sources are non-renewable and these sources are expected to be depleted in the near future. In order to solve this problem, research on renewable energy sources are intensified and thermoelectric generator (TEG) is one of the potential solutions. TEG can generate electricity if the there is a temperature difference between the hot end and cold end of its plate and it is widely used in various applications, ranging from high temperature of a steam generator until to the lowest temperature of a human body. The initial development of this work focuses on the electrical power generator design by using focal lens to focus sunlight, a form of renewable energy, on the TEG hot end and also underground heat dissipation system on the cold end to create temperature difference. The initial results showed that the amount of power produced by the system is quite small but reasonable due to the type of TEGs used. However, the heat dissipation system showed a promising development due to its nondependency on external energy to expel heat from the cold side.
This document discusses various techniques for shading buildings to reduce unwanted heat gain from the sun. It describes how effective shading can block up to 90% of the heat from direct sunlight. Shading techniques include fixed or movable exterior shades, overhangs, vegetation, and orientation of the building. The type of shading needed depends on the climate and location. For example, hot climates require year-round shading while temperate climates only need shading during peak sunlight hours. Proper shading of walls, roofs, windows and skylights can significantly reduce a building's cooling needs.
The usage of thermoelectric generator as a renewable energy sourceTELKOMNIKA JOURNAL
Currently thermoelectric generators (TEG) are widely used in biomedical, military and space satellite power applications. TEG of high power plants are mostly used in automobile and industrial engines. This paper discusses TEG as a renewable energy source. Here the TEG in the application is used in the thermoelectric generator power plant. The working principle of this thermoelectric generator is on the heat side of the TEG peltier which is coated in metal in the form of aluminum, which is heated by a heater. And the cold side of the TEG Peltier is placed on the heat sink (as a heat dissipation metal). Heatsinks are submerged in water which are submerged about half or more. If the temperature of the metal being heated and the temperature of heat dissipation metal have a certain difference, then the temperature difference causes TEG to start working. The greater the temperature difference, the greater the electrical energy produced will be. However, if the temperature difference is too large it will damage the bismuth semiconductor material used. After TEG starts working it will produce voltage and current.
An Analysis of Solar Heating System for Buildingdbpublications
In this paper, the analysis has been carried out for the solar energy technologies (PV) system employed for energy supply in a hostel building for different end uses e.g. heating and electricity. The building is Ramanujam Hostel located in Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur. The building was designed based on current regulations on energy efficiency in buildings. This analysis is designed for minimizing energy consumption by the appropriate choice of the space heating and electricity systems and to find the power capacity of the hostel building. A major part of electricity required for lighting, domestic appliances and the functioning of space heating system is generated through a PV system. The PV systems are installed on the building roof.
IRJET- Electricity Load Analytics for Light Energyconsumption in a House usin...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes light energy consumption in a house located in Belgium over a 4.5 month period. It finds that light energy usage varies based on seasonal weather patterns, with higher consumption in winter and lower consumption in spring. In winter, when temperatures are lower and humidity is higher, light usage averaged 17.48 watts per month. In spring, when temperatures rise and humidity falls, average monthly light usage decreased to 8.79 watts. The analysis uses data on indoor light consumption, outdoor temperature and humidity to understand how weather impacts domestic lighting needs over different seasons.
Sales Training - New Building Codes for Lighting - CA Title 24Jennifer Andrews
Sales training breakdown of changes to LED lighting code standards in commercial buildings and retrofits. LumaStream's Low-voltage LED lighting meets or exceeds standards in each area, offering competitive advantage over high voltage options, and low-voltage competitors. Outlines changes required for commercial spaces including, multi-level controls, automatic shut-off, occupancy sensor controls, daylighting, demand response, power density values, typical RCRs, color rendering index (CRI), compliance procedures for commercial buildings, among other new requirements.
Lighting systems and their design..mau --jmi-2014Mohd Azmatullah
An essential service in all the industries,
The power consumption by the industrial lighting varies between 2 to 10% of the total power depending on the type of industry.
Lightingisanarea,whichprovidesamajorscopetoachieveenergyefficiencyatthedesignstage,by incorporation of modern energy efficient lamps,luminaires and gears,apart from good operational practices.
This document discusses various types of lighting systems and lamps, including:
- Incandescent lamps like the carbon filament lamp and tungsten lamps. Tungsten lamps work by heating a tungsten filament until it glows.
- Compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) which work like fluorescent bulbs but in a smaller package and are more efficient than incandescent.
- Halogen lamps which are more efficient than tungsten lamps and have a longer life due to a halogen gas that redeposits evaporated tungsten.
- High-intensity discharge (HID) lamps like high-pressure sodium, metal halide, and mercury vapor lamps which produce high levels of light from
The document discusses lighting design for commercial buildings. It covers several key points:
1. Lighting accounts for 20-40% of total energy consumption in commercial buildings. Proper lighting design offers opportunities for energy efficiency.
2. Different tasks require different types and amounts of light. The quality of light is as important as the quantity. Energy efficiency can be achieved by providing the right quality and quantity of light.
3. A lighting design considers several factors like lamp selection, luminaire selection, integration with daylight, controls, code compliance and more. Proper lighting design involving a lighting designer can optimize energy efficiency and lighting needs.
Light as an important architectural element in contemporary architecture..A short dissertation /presentation by..... Atul Pathak ,BIT MESRA..Department of Architecture
A building provides shelter but building services are what make it functional for occupants. Building services include mechanical (HVAC, plumbing), electrical (power, lighting), and operational systems (transportation, automation) that provide a safe, comfortable environment. As architects, it is important to plan and design building services alongside the building structure. Proper allocation of services like HVAC, plumbing, electricity is necessary for floor plans. Building services are key to sustainability and livability of all building types from residential to industrial.
architectural illumination-daylighting introduction ,advantages and disadvantages of daylighting, behaviour of daylighting, potentials of daylighting as an energy source
Abstract: The importance of this paper is providing fundamental statistics for rational and outdoors shading planning, whilst designing high rise and residential buildings, shading gadgets additionally lessen the excessive use of cooling energy, lights. One of a kind techniques are been used to improve indoor thermal surroundings, using a most advantageous shading device, and also the use of a reflective glazing system to reduce sun absorption within the indoor environment. High rise buildings with large glazed façade face a fantastic over heating hassle because of solar radiation.
This paper explains distinctive cooling electricity savings while shading gadgets are applied on façade glazing with exclusive configurations and thermal performance. Glazed façade on high rise building are generally the norm, This paper looked into how shading devices on high upward push buildings have a tendency to reduce sun radiation thinking about a tropical area like Malaysia, and Singapore as a case study .take a look at, and concerning buildings decided on in Malaysia the overall studies has a tendency to show that shading devices are the most green passive cooling layout approach to help control sun radiation in excessive upward thrust buildings located in the tropics.
Conceptual Elements of Natural Climatic Control in Buildings through Daylight...ijtsrd
Visual solace in a structure is a significant as the warm solace. The animated by the light reflected from objects and the light can be e created misleadingly by an electric bulb by the accessible regular light day . The warmth acquire from fake lighting age substantially more on the grounds that in a light, just a negligible part of the electrical energy is changed over into light energy, the rest being changed over into to warm, though the warming impact of day lighting is around 1 watt for every lumen. This is between 1 2 and 1 10 of normal fake lighting elective regardless, position of counterfeit lighting is vital in a structure to take instance of the time of dimness. Day lighting can diminish the considering ruler and the costs an electrical energy e during the daytime. Dr. Mukesh Kumar Lalji "Conceptual Elements of Natural Climatic Control in Buildings through Daylighting for Thermal Comfort and Energy Conservation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47518.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/47518/conceptual-elements-of-natural-climatic-control-in-buildings-through-daylighting-for-thermal-comfort-and-energy-conservation/dr-mukesh-kumar-lalji
This document discusses natural lighting and daylighting in buildings. It defines daylighting as the controlled admission of natural light to reduce electric lighting and energy usage. An effective daylighting system includes building orientation, windows, skylights, and interior design elements. Daylighting provides benefits like occupant satisfaction and reduced costs but also requires considerations like glare, heat gain, and adequate illumination levels. Principles of effective daylighting design are orientation, building form, glazing specifications, window placement, and daylight redirection devices. Daylight factors are used to calculate interior lighting levels from exterior conditions. Simulation software can model daylighting performance.
The document discusses various methods for maximizing daylight in buildings, including several passive and active daylighting systems. It begins by explaining the importance and benefits of daylighting for visual acuity, health, and energy efficiency. It then describes several passive strategies like window placement and types, room finishes to reduce glare, and light shelves. Advanced active systems that transport daylight deeper into buildings are also outlined, such as light tubes, fiber optics, anidolic systems, and holographic panels. The document provides diagrams and explanations of how each system works to efficiently collect and distribute natural light.
The document discusses the importance of solar shading in reducing energy consumption and carbon emissions from buildings. It notes that buildings account for 40% of energy use and 36% of carbon emissions in the EU. Solar shading can provide significant energy savings for both heating and cooling needs when integrated into new and existing buildings. Dynamic solar shading solutions paired with high-performance glazing can achieve over 60% cooling energy savings compared to unshaded buildings. Proper solar shading is essential for optimizing daylighting and indoor comfort while minimizing energy use in buildings.
Natural lighting, also called daylighting, is the controlled admission of natural light into buildings to reduce electricity usage. An effective natural lighting system considers building orientation, fenestration design, glazing ratio and specifications, window height and location, overhead lighting like skylights, and daylight redirection devices. Benefits of natural lighting include occupant satisfaction, comfort, health, reduced electricity usage, and decreased internal heat gain. Factors like sun angles, daylight factor, and principles of effective natural lighting help maximize the potential of natural lighting in buildings.
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the energy efficiency of different fixed external shading devices on tall office buildings in Dhaka, Bangladesh through computer simulations. Six commonly used shading devices were evaluated based on the distribution of light zones (areas of adequate, over, and under-lit illumination) versus HVAC cooling loads during the summer. The simulations found that both the geometric design and material of shading devices significantly influenced lighting and thermal performance. Devices that modified light zone dimensions through proper shading selection were found to enhance energy efficiency in similar tropical climates.
This document provides details about a case study on the 8D House in Bukit Damansara, Malaysia. It discusses the various sun shading strategies implemented in the house to achieve thermal comfort, including a canopy roof with large overhangs and high insulation, vertical metal sun screens, and internal shading devices. The strategies aim to minimize direct solar radiation and heat gain. Factors like materials, building form, landscaping, and surrounding context are considered to influence the effectiveness of these passive cooling methods. The document analyzes how the strategies adopted vernacular design approaches and concluded that shading helps reduce energy consumption and improve occupant comfort in tropical climates.
The document summarizes the steps taken to optimize the façade of a mid-rise commercial building in Delhi to reduce its energy consumption. It describes analyzing the building's initial energy use, orientation, window-to-wall ratio, shading devices, fenestration, and wall and roof assemblies. Simulations showed that optimizing these elements could reduce the building's annual energy consumption by up to 47% and decrease its cooling load by 25%.
This document discusses daylighting design strategies and contains several parts. It begins by outlining the goals of daylighting design, including improved aesthetics, health benefits, visual comfort, reduced costs, and lower HVAC costs. It then discusses sky conditions such as standard overcast sky, clear sky with and without sun, and partly cloudy sky. The document provides guidelines for initial daylighting design and analyses methods. It also lists daylighting simulation programs that can be used for design analysis.
Performance of Fixed Shading Devices on Daylight Penetration in the Tropical ...Syma Haque Trisha
This document summarizes a study on the effects of different types of fixed external shading devices on daylight penetration in residential buildings in Dhaka, Bangladesh. A case study room with a south-facing opening was used to collect field data on existing luminous levels. Daylight simulations were then conducted using ECOTECT to evaluate luminous levels with different shading devices. The study found that horizontal shading devices with a depth to opening height ratio of 7/16 and side offsets of half the opening height provided optimum shading conditions, maintaining luminous levels in the useful range of 100-2000 lux. Fixed shading devices were classified as vertical, horizontal or egg crate, with horizontal devices performing best for daylight control in the
Daylighting refers to architectural design that allows natural light into buildings. There are several benefits to daylighting including improved health, mood, productivity and reduced energy costs. Effective daylighting design considers factors like orientation, placement of windows, and controlling glare. Methods for harnessing daylight include windows, skylights, light pipes and glass blocks. Daylighting has been used in architecture for thousands of years and modern designs aim to maximize its benefits.
Cost Analysis of Smart Lighting Control for Residential BuildingsIRJET Journal
This document discusses the cost analysis of implementing smart lighting control systems in residential buildings. It finds that lighting accounts for 20% of energy costs in residential buildings and 38% of electrical energy costs. Smart lighting control systems that utilize daylight, occupancy sensors, and other controls can significantly reduce these costs. Through a case study of installing wireless occupancy sensors and daylight controls in a residential living area, the document finds a payback period of 2.3 years. It also determines that wireless lighting control solutions are generally more cost-effective than wired solutions for retrofitting applications due to lower installation costs. Overall, the document advocates for smart lighting control systems in residential buildings to reduce energy costs.
EEE724 EEC Part 4a Overview of energy efficiency.pptxBernardDuodu
This document discusses energy efficiency and energy efficient lighting. It begins with an overview of energy efficiency, defining it as the largest, least expensive, most environmentally friendly way to provide energy. It then discusses energy conservation versus energy efficiency. The document provides several examples of energy efficient technologies like LED light bulbs, insulation, and smart thermostats. It explains the importance of energy efficiency in protecting the environment, saving money, and addressing energy equity issues. Finally, it covers the topic of energy efficient lighting, discussing lighting technologies, quantities like luminous flux and illuminance, and different lighting schemes.
The document discusses the design of a zero energy house in Ifrane, Morocco for a family of five. Key aspects of the design include:
1) Focusing on energy efficiency through high insulation, passive solar design principles like window placement and shading, and use of renewable energy sources.
2) Relying on a 2.83 kW photovoltaic array and solar water heating to meet the house's estimated annual energy needs of 3,500 kWh.
3) Selecting building materials based on factors like embodied energy, toxicity, and recyclability to minimize environmental impacts and ensure occupant health.
Natural light and illumination
This document discusses natural lighting and illumination in buildings. It explains that lighting serves three main purposes: to allow safe movement, task performance, and a pleasant interior. Buildings can be lit naturally through daylight or artificially through electric lamps. Daylight comes from sunlight or skylight. Various methods can control daylight penetration including external screens, glazing types, and interior blinds. The document also discusses illumination levels, daylight factor measurements, glare reduction, innovative daylighting technologies, and the advantages of natural lighting.
This document discusses daylighting and its importance in architecture. It begins by explaining how daylight enables vision and our perception of color and changes throughout the day. It then discusses how electric lighting changed life by allowing activities at night, but is also energy intensive. Daylighting design considers the entry of daylight and its distribution through window size and position. New glazing technologies and light shelves can improve daylight quality by reducing glare and improving distribution. Daylighting brings benefits like reduced energy costs and improved health and productivity.
Abnormalities of hormones and inflammatory cytokines in women affected with p...Alexander Decker
Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have elevated levels of hormones like luteinizing hormone and testosterone, as well as higher levels of insulin and insulin resistance compared to healthy women. They also have increased levels of inflammatory markers like C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and leptin. This study found these abnormalities in the hormones and inflammatory cytokines of women with PCOS ages 23-40, indicating that hormone imbalances associated with insulin resistance and elevated inflammatory markers may worsen infertility in women with PCOS.
A usability evaluation framework for b2 c e commerce websitesAlexander Decker
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A universal model for managing the marketing executives in nigerian banksAlexander Decker
This document discusses a study that aimed to synthesize motivation theories into a universal model for managing marketing executives in Nigerian banks. The study was guided by Maslow and McGregor's theories. A sample of 303 marketing executives was used. The results showed that managers will be most effective at motivating marketing executives if they consider individual needs and create challenging but attainable goals. The emerged model suggests managers should provide job satisfaction by tailoring assignments to abilities and monitoring performance with feedback. This addresses confusion faced by Nigerian bank managers in determining effective motivation strategies.
A unique common fixed point theorems in generalized dAlexander Decker
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A trends of salmonella and antibiotic resistanceAlexander Decker
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This document summarizes a study on the determinants of savings in Namibia from 1991 to 2012. It reviews previous literature on savings determinants in developing countries. The study uses time series analysis including unit root tests, cointegration, and error correction models to analyze the relationship between savings and variables like income, inflation, population growth, deposit rates, and financial deepening in Namibia. The results found inflation and income have a positive impact on savings, while population growth negatively impacts savings. Deposit rates and financial deepening were found to have no significant impact. The study reinforces previous work and emphasizes the importance of improving income levels to achieve higher savings rates in Namibia.
A therapy for physical and mental fitness of school childrenAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study on the importance of exercise in maintaining physical and mental fitness for school children. It discusses how physical and mental fitness are developed through participation in regular physical exercises and cannot be achieved solely through classroom learning. The document outlines different types and components of fitness and argues that developing fitness should be a key objective of education systems. It recommends that schools ensure pupils engage in graded physical activities and exercises to support their overall development.
A theory of efficiency for managing the marketing executives in nigerian banksAlexander Decker
This document summarizes a study examining efficiency in managing marketing executives in Nigerian banks. The study was examined through the lenses of Kaizen theory (continuous improvement) and efficiency theory. A survey of 303 marketing executives from Nigerian banks found that management plays a key role in identifying and implementing efficiency improvements. The document recommends adopting a "3H grand strategy" to improve the heads, hearts, and hands of management and marketing executives by enhancing their knowledge, attitudes, and tools.
This document discusses evaluating the link budget for effective 900MHz GSM communication. It describes the basic parameters needed for a high-level link budget calculation, including transmitter power, antenna gains, path loss, and propagation models. Common propagation models for 900MHz that are described include Okumura model for urban areas and Hata model for urban, suburban, and open areas. Rain attenuation is also incorporated using the updated ITU model to improve communication during rainfall.
A synthetic review of contraceptive supplies in punjabAlexander Decker
This document discusses contraceptive use in Punjab, Pakistan. It begins by providing background on the benefits of family planning and contraceptive use for maternal and child health. It then analyzes contraceptive commodity data from Punjab, finding that use is still low despite efforts to improve access. The document concludes by emphasizing the need for strategies to bridge gaps and meet the unmet need for effective and affordable contraceptive methods and supplies in Punjab in order to improve health outcomes.
A synthesis of taylor’s and fayol’s management approaches for managing market...Alexander Decker
1) The document discusses synthesizing Taylor's scientific management approach and Fayol's process management approach to identify an effective way to manage marketing executives in Nigerian banks.
2) It reviews Taylor's emphasis on efficiency and breaking tasks into small parts, and Fayol's focus on developing general management principles.
3) The study administered a survey to 303 marketing executives in Nigerian banks to test if combining elements of Taylor and Fayol's approaches would help manage their performance through clear roles, accountability, and motivation. Statistical analysis supported combining the two approaches.
A survey paper on sequence pattern mining with incrementalAlexander Decker
This document summarizes four algorithms for sequential pattern mining: GSP, ISM, FreeSpan, and PrefixSpan. GSP is an Apriori-based algorithm that incorporates time constraints. ISM extends SPADE to incrementally update patterns after database changes. FreeSpan uses frequent items to recursively project databases and grow subsequences. PrefixSpan also uses projection but claims to not require candidate generation. It recursively projects databases based on short prefix patterns. The document concludes by stating the goal was to find an efficient scheme for extracting sequential patterns from transactional datasets.
A survey on live virtual machine migrations and its techniquesAlexander Decker
This document summarizes several techniques for live virtual machine migration in cloud computing. It discusses works that have proposed affinity-aware migration models to improve resource utilization, energy efficient migration approaches using storage migration and live VM migration, and a dynamic consolidation technique using migration control to avoid unnecessary migrations. The document also summarizes works that have designed methods to minimize migration downtime and network traffic, proposed a resource reservation framework for efficient migration of multiple VMs, and addressed real-time issues in live migration. Finally, it provides a table summarizing the techniques, tools used, and potential future work or gaps identified for each discussed work.
A survey on data mining and analysis in hadoop and mongo dbAlexander Decker
This document discusses data mining of big data using Hadoop and MongoDB. It provides an overview of Hadoop and MongoDB and their uses in big data analysis. Specifically, it proposes using Hadoop for distributed processing and MongoDB for data storage and input. The document reviews several related works that discuss big data analysis using these tools, as well as their capabilities for scalable data storage and mining. It aims to improve computational time and fault tolerance for big data analysis by mining data stored in Hadoop using MongoDB and MapReduce.
1. The document discusses several challenges for integrating media with cloud computing including media content convergence, scalability and expandability, finding appropriate applications, and reliability.
2. Media content convergence challenges include dealing with the heterogeneity of media types, services, networks, devices, and quality of service requirements as well as integrating technologies used by media providers and consumers.
3. Scalability and expandability challenges involve adapting to the increasing volume of media content and being able to support new media formats and outlets over time.
This document surveys trust architectures that leverage provenance in wireless sensor networks. It begins with background on provenance, which refers to the documented history or derivation of data. Provenance can be used to assess trust by providing metadata about how data was processed. The document then discusses challenges for using provenance to establish trust in wireless sensor networks, which have constraints on energy and computation. Finally, it provides background on trust, which is the subjective probability that a node will behave dependably. Trust architectures need to be lightweight to account for the constraints of wireless sensor networks.
This document discusses private equity investments in Kenya. It provides background on private equity and discusses trends in various regions. The objectives of the study discussed are to establish the extent of private equity adoption in Kenya, identify common forms of private equity utilized, and determine typical exit strategies. Private equity can involve venture capital, leveraged buyouts, or mezzanine financing. Exits allow recycling of capital into new opportunities. The document provides context on private equity globally and in developing markets like Africa to frame the goals of the study.
This document discusses a study that analyzes the financial health of the Indian logistics industry from 2005-2012 using Altman's Z-score model. The study finds that the average Z-score for selected logistics firms was in the healthy to very healthy range during the study period. The average Z-score increased from 2006 to 2010 when the Indian economy was hit by the global recession, indicating the overall performance of the Indian logistics industry was good. The document reviews previous literature on measuring financial performance and distress using ratios and Z-scores, and outlines the objectives and methodology used in the current study.
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
For the full video of this presentation, please visit: https://www.edge-ai-vision.com/2024/06/building-and-scaling-ai-applications-with-the-nx-ai-manager-a-presentation-from-network-optix/
Robin van Emden, Senior Director of Data Science at Network Optix, presents the “Building and Scaling AI Applications with the Nx AI Manager,” tutorial at the May 2024 Embedded Vision Summit.
In this presentation, van Emden covers the basics of scaling edge AI solutions using the Nx tool kit. He emphasizes the process of developing AI models and deploying them globally. He also showcases the conversion of AI models and the creation of effective edge AI pipelines, with a focus on pre-processing, model conversion, selecting the appropriate inference engine for the target hardware and post-processing.
van Emden shows how Nx can simplify the developer’s life and facilitate a rapid transition from concept to production-ready applications.He provides valuable insights into developing scalable and efficient edge AI solutions, with a strong focus on practical implementation.
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
AI 101: An Introduction to the Basics and Impact of Artificial IntelligenceIndexBug
Imagine a world where machines not only perform tasks but also learn, adapt, and make decisions. This is the promise of Artificial Intelligence (AI), a technology that's not just enhancing our lives but revolutionizing entire industries.
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Get an inside look at the latest Neo4j innovations that enable relationship-driven intelligence at scale. Learn more about the newest cloud integrations and product enhancements that make Neo4j an essential choice for developers building apps with interconnected data and generative AI.
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?Speck&Tech
ABSTRACT: A prima vista, un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ potrebbero avere in comune il fatto di essere entrambi blocchi di costruzione, o dipendenze di progetti creativi e software. La realtà è che un mattoncino Lego e il caso della backdoor XZ hanno molto di più di tutto ciò in comune.
Partecipate alla presentazione per immergervi in una storia di interoperabilità, standard e formati aperti, per poi discutere del ruolo importante che i contributori hanno in una comunità open source sostenibile.
BIO: Sostenitrice del software libero e dei formati standard e aperti. È stata un membro attivo dei progetti Fedora e openSUSE e ha co-fondato l'Associazione LibreItalia dove è stata coinvolta in diversi eventi, migrazioni e formazione relativi a LibreOffice. In precedenza ha lavorato a migrazioni e corsi di formazione su LibreOffice per diverse amministrazioni pubbliche e privati. Da gennaio 2020 lavora in SUSE come Software Release Engineer per Uyuni e SUSE Manager e quando non segue la sua passione per i computer e per Geeko coltiva la sua curiosità per l'astronomia (da cui deriva il suo nickname deneb_alpha).
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
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Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
I, a former op, would like to extend an invitation to all application developers to join the observability party will share these foundational concepts to build on:
GraphSummit Singapore | The Art of the Possible with Graph - Q2 2024Neo4j
Neha Bajwa, Vice President of Product Marketing, Neo4j
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“An Outlook of the Ongoing and Future Relationship between Blockchain Technologies and Process-aware Information Systems.” Invited talk at the joint workshop on Blockchain for Information Systems (BC4IS) and Blockchain for Trusted Data Sharing (B4TDS), co-located with with the 36th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering (CAiSE), 3 June 2024, Limassol, Cyprus.
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As the digital landscape continually evolves, operating systems play a critical role in shaping user experiences and productivity. The launch of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 marks a significant milestone, offering a robust alternative to traditional systems such as Windows 11. This article delves into the essence of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, exploring its unique features, advantages, and how it stands as a compelling choice for both casual users and tech enthusiasts.
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!
Sun as a clean energy source for lighting buildings case study
1. Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy
www.iiste.org
ISSN 2224-3232 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0573 (Online)
Vol.3, No.11, 2013 – Special Issue for International Conference on Energy, Environment and Sustainable Economy (EESE 2013)
Sun as a clean energy source for lighting buildings Case Study:
Daylighting Design in Tehran (Iran)
Dr.Seyed Hossein Mirmousavi
Department of physical Geography, University of Zanjan (Iran)
*Email address of corresponding author: hossein.mousavi047@gmail.com
Abstract
By reducing the need for electric light, daylighting can substantially lower home energy use. However, excessive
daylighting can increase both heating and cooling loads. A balanced approach to daylighting involves whole
building design starting with the location and orientation of a home and continuing with proper room location
and design, window sizing and placement, and selection of room finishes.
This study has shown that daylight factor is insensitive to both the prevailing climate and building orientation.
The drive towards sustainable, low-energy buildings places increasing emphasis on detailed performance
evaluation at the early design stage. Recent advances in lighting simulation techniques have demonstrated that
reliable predictions founded on hourly climatic data are attainable. This paper describes the application of
climate-based daylight modelling to Tehran's buildins.
Keywards: daylight factor, Climatic design, Tehran
1. Introduction
1.1 Introduce the Problem
Daylighting is the art and science of using natural light to illuminate indoor spaces. It saves energy, and can
make living and working areas more attractive and comfortable. Daylighting in homes is typically accomplished
using windows, translucent doors, skylights, light pipes (tubular skylights), and clerestories. A well designed
daylight home on a sunny lot can get by without any electric lighting between dawn and dusk (ASHRAE/IESNA
90.1 Standard, 2004). Daylight is sunlight that is direct or reflected. Sunshine provides us with vitamin D, and
also combats seasonal affective disorder, or winter depression. Natural light doesn’t change the character of
colors the way artificial lights can and, with its subtly changing intensity, daylight is much more interesting. It
can make us feel more connected to nature and supports our natural biological rhythms, which contribute to
restful sleep. Using sunlight in your home can decrease heating and cooling loads through passive solar design
techniques, as well as eliminate most lighting needs during the day. Its use has been proven, in commercial
settings and schools, to decrease absenteeism and increase productivity and test scores. Also, people who work
in naturally lit buildings report a sense of well-being (Mardaljevic, 2002).
Also daylighting is the use of natural light to reduce artificial lighting in buildings (Bodart&et all, 2006).
Artificial lighting accounts for up to 30% of the energy usage of typical office buildings. If you include the
additional cooling required by heat generated by artificial lights, the total energy usage caused by artificial
lighting could approach 50%. Using daylight to reduce the usage of artificial lighting can greatly increase the
energy efficiency of buildings.This article will illustrate how Architects can use free and readily available tools
to integrate daylighting into their building design.
2. Method
Daylighting requires illumination from exterior environment. The first step is to determine the light levels
outside the building. Daylight comes from not just direct sunlight but also from illumination from the sky on
overcast days (Farley, 2004). Design Sky illuminance levels in different latitudes. Using the calculator on
Autodesk Ecotect's website, we can also determine the recommended Lux levels for particular latitude. The
Design Sky illuminance levels "represent the horizontal illuminance value that is exceeded 85% of the time
between the hours of 9am and 5pm throughout the working year. Thus they also represent a worst-case scenario
that you can design to and are sure your building will meet the desired light levels at least 85% of the time.
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Table 1. Daylight factor (DF) calculation
DF
2.5%
Ein
250 Lux
APPEARANCE
room looks gloomy
Predominantly daylit
appearance
Room appears
stongly daylit
DF
< 2%
2% to 5%
> 5%
Eext
10000 Lux
ENERGY IMPLICATIONS
Electric lighting needed most of the day
Good balance between
lighting and thermal aspects
potential for thermal problems due to overheating
in summer and heat
DF = 100 * Ein / Eext
DF Daylight Factor
Ein Interiior Illuminance (250 Lux)
Eext Exterior Illuminance
Once the outside light level is determined, we can calculate the Daylight Factor to determine the feasibility of
using daylighting in our design. Daylight Factor is a ratio of outside illuminance over inside illuminance
(Mardaljevic, 2004). The Design Sky Illuminance Calculating for Tehran tells us that the outside illuminance at
latitude 35.7 is 10000 Lux. The design interior ambient light level for office activity is 250 Lux (Hattrup, 1990).
Table 1 tells us at the Daylight Factor (DF) for this scenario is 2.5%. 2.5% is within the acceptable range for
daylit spaces. DF under 2% will feel gloomy, and DF over 5% could result in a design that is over-glazed,
resulting in too much heat gain or heat lost.
Table 2. Glazing factor (GF) calculation
GLAZING
FACTOR
0.66%
1.88%
2.53%
DAYLIGHT
VISION
TOTAL
GLAZING
FACTOR (GF)
=
WINDOW AREA
FLOOR AREA
FLOOR AREA
TVIS
9600 S.F
9600 S.F
*
WINDOW AREA
450 S.F.
2100 S.F.
0.7
0.5
GEOMETRY
FACTOR
*
ACTUAL TVIS
MIN. TVIS
*
HEIGHT (1)
FACTOR
(LEED EQ Credit 8.1 requires 75% of space to have GF over 2%)(3)
The Glazing Factor (GF) Calculation (LEED version 2.2) is also a ratio of interior illuminance to exterior
illuminance under overcast sky conditions. Unlike the basic Daylight Factor calculation, the Glazing Factor takes
into account the window and skylight size and configuration in its calculation (Inoue& et all, 1988). Table 2
illustrates a hypothetical building with 5' high vision windows and 18" daylight windows on the North and South
elevations. On the East and West elevations, 5' high vision windows cover 50% of the facade. Our hypothetical
building achieves a Glazing Factor of 2.53%. These simple calculations show that daylighting can be employed
without greatly compromising the comfort and energy performance of the building.
2.1SOLAR SHADING TO CONTROL CLARE AND HAET GAIN
Daylight design involves more than providing useful illumination in the building. Often, it has to address the
negative side effects of natural light: glare and heat gain/loss. Glare comes from excessive contrast that usually
results from direct beam sunlight striking interior surfaces. Unwanted heat gain occurs when sunlight enters the
building on warm days. The solution to glare and heat gain comes in some form of sun control strategy that
employs sun shades, light shelves, blinds, or shade cloth.
The sun control strategy to use depends on climate and orientation of the facade. This article will study a
building in the Iran (Tehran located in Latitude 35.7). At this latitude, the shading strategy can be summed up as
follows:
• North Elevation: no shading required. Indirect sunlight makes this facade ideal for daylighting.
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•
•
•
East Elevation: low sun angles in the morning and no sun in the afternoon. Active shading devices,
blinds, or shade cloths works best for glare control.
West Elevation: no sun in the morning but low sun angles in the afternoon. Active shading devices,
blinds, or shade cloths works best for glare control. Afternoon heat gain is a problem in this climate, it
is best to reduce the size and amount of West facing windows.
South Elevation: high sun angles most of the day makes this facade ideal for passive
Figure 2.Tehran sun path diagram
The most common passive shading strategy uses a combination of sunshade and light shelf. Figure 2 shows the
path of the sun from outside South facing windows. We can use this diagram to optimize our shading strategy.
There are two reasons for shading: reduce heat gain and eliminate glare. These two criteria are expressed as
dashed lines in Figure 2. Each dashed line expresses an angle above which the sun will be shaded.
Thermal shading control heat gain in the summer and allow sunlight to warm the building in the winter. In
Figure 2, the thermal shade angle is set at 45 degrees. In the summer, this angle will shade the window from
10am to 5pm. In the winter, this window will not be shaded at all. Solar thermal shading works best for
sunshades above vision windows (windows between 2'-6" and 7'-6").Glare shading prevents direct sunlight from
striking interior surfaces, creating excessive contrast. Figure 2 shows the glare shade angle at 25 degrees. At this
angle, direct sunlight is shaded from 9am to 5pm in the spring, summer, and fall. In the winter, direct sunlight is
shaded from 10am to 2pm. Glare shading is usually used to control glare on daylight (clerestory) windows,
glazing above 7'-6". Daylight windows, when used in conjunction with light shelves to shield direct sunlight
from the building perimeter, bounce light off the ceiling to light up the building interior.
The thermal shading line and glare shading line can be adjusted to meet the designer's criteria. We can balance
the competing needs of more daylight and less glare/heat gain. Where the windows are not adequately shaded,
users will usually deploy shade cloths to address thermal comfort and glare issues. Shade cloths, with 3-15%
openness, usually filter out most of the useful daylight entering the building. Therefore, it is essential to design
the sunshades and light shelves to optimize the amount of daylit hours to reduce the use of artificial lighting.
Figure 3. section of suneshade & life shelf
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Figure 3 illustrates how the sunshade and light shelf could be designed to meet criteria set in Figure 2. Sun
shades devices outside the building. In this illustration, the sunshade shields the vision window at a 45 degrees
angle, keeping out heat gain and glares most of the day in summer and fall. Light shelves are inside buildings.
They protect the building perimeter from direct sunlight and bounce light off the ceiling to light up the building
interior. In this example, the light shelf is around 4 feet deep to prevent glare up to a 25 degree sun angle. As you
can see from this illustration, the depth of the sunshade and light shelf can also be constrained by construction
and code issues. Cantilevered sunshades require structural reinforcing to withstand wind uplift. Interior light
shelves can obscure fire sprinkler distribution (Kendrick & Skinner, 1980).
2.2 DAYLIGHT MODELING
Computer software daylight modeling can be a very useful tool to analyze and optimize the daylighting design.
any software programs are available; most are free to use (Lindelöf & Morel, 2006). The most commonly used
software is the Unix-based Radiance Sythethic Imaging System developed by Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory. Radiance is reputed to by very accurate; however, it is not easy to use. The simulation in this study
was done using DIALux, professional lighting design software widely used in Europe.
Figure 4. Floor plan
This study assumes a 70' wide rectangular building (Figure 4) in Tehran oriented along an East-West axis. There
are continuous ribbon windows along the North and South elevations from 4'-0" to 8'-0". The ceiling height as
modeled is a standard 10'-0".
Figure 5. bulding section alonge north-south axis
Figure 5 is a section of the building across the North-South axis. The North windows are unshaded. The South
elevation has sunshades and light shelves as shown in Figure 3.
In this study the illumination levels at three different times on a typical summer day show that the daylight
properties were set for June 21st, the longest day of the year. Calculations were done for 9am, 12noon, and 5pm
to gather data on daylight levels throughout the day. The simulation shows that the recommended ambient light
levels of 250 Lux were achieved across the entire floor plate during the middle of the day. In the morning and
late afternoon, designed light levels were achieved within 15' of the South windows and 10' from the North
windows. It does appear that light levels of 200 Lux were achieved across the entire floor from 9am to 5pm.
There could be significant energy savings from lighting in the summer.
Also Daylight properties were set for September 21st (Equinox). In the middle of the day, the design light level
was achieved with daylight alone. The South side of the building was able to achieve 200 Lux for most of the
day. The North side had light levels below 200 Lux at the begining and end of the work day. It appears that there
could be energy savings from lighting in the Fall and Spring as well. This simulation shows that the design could
benefit from higher daylight windows and/or higher ceiling on the North side of the building.
Within 5' of South elevation, the illuminance level spiked up to 4400 Lux. There would be glare issues if
workstations were place in this perimeter zone. At 9am, there were significantly high Lux levels on the South
side of the building, indicated by the spikes on the graph. These numbers suggests direct sunlight falling on the
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workplane. During the morning, interior blinds or shade cloths would likely be deployed; therefore, there would
not be any useful daylight. There could be some energy savings from daylighting in the Winter, especially during
the middle of the day; however, due to the shorter days and low sun angles, the savings would not be significant.
3. Results
Incorporating energy efficiency, renewable energy, and sustainable green design features into all Iran's buildings
has become a top priority in recent years for facilities managers, designers, contracting officers, and others in
government Buildings procurement.
The whole-building approach is easily worth the time and effort, as it can save 30% or more in energy costs over
a conventional building designed in accordance with sustainable green design. Moreover, low-energy design
does not necessarily have to result in increased construction costs. Indeed, one of the key approaches to low
energy design is to invest in the building’s form and enclosure (e.g., windows, walls) so that the heating, cooling,
and lighting loads are reduced, and in turn, smaller, less costly heating, ventilating, and air conditioning systems
are needed. In designing low-energy buildings, it is important to appreciate that the underlying purpose of the
building is neither to save nor use energy. Rather, the building is there to serve the occupants and their activities.
An understanding of building occupancy and activities can lead to building designs that not only save energy and
reduce costs, but also improve occupant comfort and workplace performance. As such, low-energy building
design is a vital component of sustainable, green design that also helps Iran manager's for attention the climate
factors in buildings design.
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