This document analyzes three music videos according to Andrew Goodwin's six rules for music videos. Each video is summarized in terms of genre, relationship between lyrics and visuals, relationship between music and visuals, presence of close-ups of artists, references to looking, intertextual references, and whether it is performance, narrative or concept-based. The conclusion finds that most mainstream music videos are narrative-based to engage younger audiences, though some bands subvert this with alternative styles like Fall Out Boy's performance-focused video.

1. MUSIC VIDEO ANALYSIS TASK
By Naomi Freeman

2. INTRODUCTION

3. ANDREW GOODWIN’S RULES
Andrew Goodwin identifies 6 things that all music videos have in
common:
• - They demonstrate genre characteristics
• - There is a relationship between lyrics and visuals
• - There is a reationship between msic and visuals
• - The demands of the record label will include the need for lots of close
ups of the artist, they may also develop motifs which recur across their
work
• - There is a frequent reference to the notion of looking and particularly
voyeuristic treatment of the female body
• - There is often intertextual reference

4. CLIP NO. 1- KATY PERRY - SWISH SWISH
(OFFICIAL) FT. NICKI MINAJ
This music video is mainly narrative based as well as including
intertextuality. It also follows the genre of pop and rap because it Starr's
Nicki Minaj who is a well known famous rapper, whereas Katy Perry is more
known for her pop like albums. These pop characteristics are shown
through the opening scene with Katy Perry.

5. CLIP NO. 2 - FALL OUT BOY - THIS AIN'T
A SCENE, IT'S AN ARMS RACE
This music video is mainly performance and image based. It also follows
the genre of punk rock depicted in the MES.

6. CLIP NO. 3 - HAYLEY KIYOKO - GIRLS
LIKE GIRLS
This music video is mainly based on romanticism and narratives, it
follows an indie pop genre.

7. WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN LYRICS AND VISUALS?

8. CLIP NO. 1- KATY PERRY - SWISH SWISH
(OFFICIAL) FT. NICKI MINAJ
‘cos you’re a joker’ – trying to
intimidate the opposing team
‘I’m a court-side killer queen’
– they are playing basketball
‘Can’t touch this’ – then
gets hit in the face with
a ball (juxtaposition)
‘Another one in the basket’ –
referring to her scoring

9. CLIP NO. 2 - FALL OUT BOY - THIS AIN'T
A SCENE, IT'S AN ARMS RACE
‘I am an arms dealer’ – he says this
while in ‘the hood’ when from
outside appearances he clearly is
not
‘You look pretty sinking’ – how they
have given up on life as real artists and
to make money they have to do things
they will regret (referencing image sent
later)
‘I’m a leading man and the lies I
weave are oh so intricate, oh so
intricate’ – portraying how they are
no longer there true selves and have
to lie to be accepted as celebrities.

10. CLIP NO. 3 - HAYLEY KIYOKO - GIRLS
LIKE GIRLS
‘Stealing kisses from your misses
doesn’t make you freak out’ –
they are a couple yet something
seems to be amiss
‘Saw your face, heard your
name, gotta get with you’
‘girls like girls like boys do, nothing
new’ – she is scared to show her
feelings towards her friend
‘girls like girls like boys do’ –
they’re making out / ‘tell me if
you feel it to’ – accepting

11. WHAT IS THE RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN MUSIC AND VISUALS?

12. CLIP NO. 1- KATY PERRY - SWISH SWISH
(OFFICIAL) FT. NICKI MINAJ
At the very beginning of the music
video, the music pauses when she
holds up the ball, this shows that she
has authority and power of the
editing
Tv presenting soundtrack through
‘swish center’ scene
Tempo picks up as they
confront
Cheerleaders move their legs
to the beat
Beat drops as sheep player
takes the ball
Music stops and booing starts after they
fail

13. CLIP NO. 2 - FALL OUT BOY - THIS AIN'T
A SCENE, IT'S AN ARMS RACE
Music starts as ipod is turned
on showing a want to ignore
the world around him
Music peaks and guitar
squeals showing the
importance of this man
Beat picks up and men in
background start to nod their
heads showing respect
Beat picks up again, could
be signalling heart beat.

14. CLIP NO. 3 - HAYLEY KIYOKO - GIRLS
LIKE GIRLS
Tension drops when she opens the
door
Beat slows down portraying lust Beat picks up again as the party
starts
Underwater effect on music –
drowns out
Heart beat sound only – still
underwater
Sound suddenly comes back as he
pulls her away from his girlfriend

15. ARE THERE CLOSE-UPS OF THE ARTIST
AND THE STAR IMAGE MOTIFS?

16. CLIP NO. 1- KATY PERRY - SWISH SWISH
(OFFICIAL) FT. NICKI MINAJ
When Nicki Minaj makes her appearence she clearly defines one of
Goodwins rules, that the record label will demand for close ups of the
singer. Nearing the end of the music video this also occurs with Katy Perry.

17. CLIP NO. 2 - FALL OUT BOY - THIS AIN'T
A SCENE, IT'S AN ARMS RACE
There are multiple close ups
throughout the music video
including numerous ones of
the lead singer pictured
centre right. These head
shots not only follow
Goodwin’s Rules but also
help portray the characters
facia expressions in better
detail.

18. CLIP NO. 3 - HAYLEY KIYOKO - GIRLS
LIKE GIRLS
The numerous close ups of
the women are to show their
profound feelings for one
another whereas the
closeups of the man show
how he is constantly
drinking but also jealous of
the women’s friendship.
Hayley Kiyoko structures her
songs and music videos to
cross boundaries and
focuses on issues that are
targeting all young adults.

19. IS THERE REFERENCE TO THE
NOTION OF LOOKING?

20. CLIP NO. 1- KATY PERRY - SWISH SWISH
(OFFICIAL) FT. NICKI MINAJ
• The notion of looking is mainly based through the ‘swish center’ tv
cameras when the tigers team coach looks directly at the camera,
although it is not fully confirmed as it is rather unclear of any notion.

21. CLIP NO. 2 - FALL OUT BOY - THIS AIN'T
A SCENE, IT'S AN ARMS RACE
Similarly to clip no. 1 there is a lack of a notion of looking, however it is
possible that the paparazzi is a key detail since there is at least one
photographer in each scene change, portraying how much their image
means to them in their new life.

22. CLIP NO. 3 - HAYLEY KIYOKO - GIRLS
LIKE GIRLS
There is only really one notion of looking and that is when she as looking
at her friend through the reflection of the mirror.

23. ARE THERE INTERTEXTUAL
REFERENCES?

24. CLIP NO. 1- KATY PERRY - SWISH SWISH
(OFFICIAL) FT. NICKI MINAJ
At one point during the music video Katy Perry makes a meme of herself,
conveying the intertextuality, as well as having the big screen in the arena
playing the just dance video game.

25. CLIP NO. 2 - FALL OUT BOY - THIS AIN'T
A SCENE, IT'S AN ARMS RACE
Unfortunately I did not find any intertextual references linking any of this
music video to any other media

26. CLIP NO. 3 - HAYLEY KIYOKO - GIRLS
LIKE GIRLS
I do not feel as if there are any intertextual
references

27. IS THE MUSIC VIDEO PERFORMANCE-
BASED, NARRATIVE-BASED OR
CONCEPT-BASED?

28. CLIP NO. 1- KATY PERRY - SWISH SWISH
(OFFICIAL) FT. NICKI MINAJ
This music video is narrative based because it follows the story of a
basketball game between a bad team and a good team, the bad team
ends up winning because Nicki Minaj told Katy to get it together and
because they cheated.

29. CLIP NO. 2 - FALL OUT BOY - THIS AIN'T
A SCENE, IT'S AN ARMS RACE
This music video is performance based since it constantly has the artists
playing their instruments, this also plays a part in conveying how image
based it is.

30. CLIP NO. 3 - HAYLEY KIYOKO - GIRLS
LIKE GIRLS
I feel as though this music video is narrative based because it tells the
story of a young adult struggling to admit her feelings to her friend.

31. CONCLUSION

32. Overall I feel as though most mainstream music videos
are narrative based, this is because it draws in a
younger audience as they are more interested in what
happens to the character in the video than the actual
music being played, however some bands do try to
break the cycle, like ‘fall out boy’, who instead made an
ironic video of them creating an image for themselves
which was completely opposite to who they were.