The document discusses sugar production in Pakistan. It notes that Pakistan is the 5th largest sugarcane producer globally and sugar is the 2nd largest agro-industry. Sugar production employs over 1.5 million people. At independence in 1947, there were only 2 sugar mills but now there are 81 mills producing over 3 million tons annually. Sugarcane is grown on over 1 million hectares providing raw material for the mills. Byproducts include bagasse, molasses and ethanol. The industry contributes 0.7% to GDP but faces challenges of meeting domestic demand.
Sugarcane Processing Technologies by Akram HossainAkram Hossain
Sugarcane (akh) a tall tropical perennial plant of the genus Saccharum, a member of the grass family Gramineae. Although there are three species of the genus that are cultivated for commercial production of sugar, S. officinarum is the most widely used species, and has probably been cultivated in Asia from prehistoric times. It has been grown extensively in the Indies and the Americas since the 18th century and is now cultivated in most warm humid areas. S. robustum, one of the wild species, grows in profusion in the New Guinea region. In appearance it resembles closely certain cultivated sugarcanes, but lacks their juiciness.
At present, sugarcane is cultivated in about 100 countries. The principal sugarcane growing countries are India, Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Barbados, China, Cuba, Mexico, Egypt, Jamaica, Peru, South Africa, and Hawaii, Florida, and Louisiana of the United States of America. In Bangladesh sugarcane is grown in about 0.38 million acres of land. The annual production of cane is about 5.5 million m tons. It is one of the most important cash crops of the country.
A sugar cane mill can refer to a factory that processes sugar cane to produce raw or white sugar. It can also mean the piece of equipment that crushes the sticks of sugar cane to extract the juice.
Sugarcane Processing Technologies by Akram HossainAkram Hossain
Sugarcane (akh) a tall tropical perennial plant of the genus Saccharum, a member of the grass family Gramineae. Although there are three species of the genus that are cultivated for commercial production of sugar, S. officinarum is the most widely used species, and has probably been cultivated in Asia from prehistoric times. It has been grown extensively in the Indies and the Americas since the 18th century and is now cultivated in most warm humid areas. S. robustum, one of the wild species, grows in profusion in the New Guinea region. In appearance it resembles closely certain cultivated sugarcanes, but lacks their juiciness.
At present, sugarcane is cultivated in about 100 countries. The principal sugarcane growing countries are India, Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Barbados, China, Cuba, Mexico, Egypt, Jamaica, Peru, South Africa, and Hawaii, Florida, and Louisiana of the United States of America. In Bangladesh sugarcane is grown in about 0.38 million acres of land. The annual production of cane is about 5.5 million m tons. It is one of the most important cash crops of the country.
A sugar cane mill can refer to a factory that processes sugar cane to produce raw or white sugar. It can also mean the piece of equipment that crushes the sticks of sugar cane to extract the juice.
A steam turbine is a prime mover in which the potential energy of the steam is transformed into kinetic energy and later in its turn is transformed into the mechanical energy of rotation of the turbine shaft
A Study on Sugar Industry at Chamundeshwari SugarProjects Kart
The discovery of sugarcane from which sugar was produced had been known since thousands of years. It is thought to have originated in New Guinea, and was spread along routes to Southeast Asia and India. The process known for creation of sugar, by pressing out the juice and then boiling it into crystals, was developed in India around 500 BC.
Its cultivation was not introduced into Europe until the middle-ages, when it was brought to Spain by Arabs to thrive in a most favorable climate.
CTRM for Sugar – Managing Sugar’s ComplexityCTRM Center
Sugar is produced in more than 120 countries and global production is now more than 174 Million tons a year. Approximately 70% of this is produced from sugar cane, largely grown in tropical countries, and the remaining 30% is produced from sugar beet, a root crop grown mostly in northern temperate zones. The primary use and market for sugar is the food industry, as sugar is used as a sweetener, preservative, texture modifier, fermentation substrate, flavoring and coloring agent, bulking agent and to add decoration to food items, such as cakes.
This paper looks at this important commodity in terms of its supply chain, markets, price formation and most importantly, unique functional requirements in a CTRM solution. While there are many CTRM software solutions on the market, there are many fewer that can truly handle the unique aspects of sugar trading. The paper identifies the unique characteristics of sugar trading and sugar trading that needs to be included in a sugar-focused CTRM solution.
Global Sugar - A Complex Market that Requires a Fit for Purpose CTRM SolutionCTRM Center
Sugar is a global commodity, with almost 180 million metric tons being produced in more than 120 countries each year. Though much of the sugar produced by these countries is consumed locally in food products or, increasingly, for ethanol production, the largest producing countries are often exporters as well and in total contribute 60-70 million metric tons delivered into the global market each year.
This report about the sugar mills. i prepare this report by majoring connected survey on internet. report also define about the operation layout, processes, operation sequences, farmer issues and it's plan layout etc..
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Sustainability has become an increasingly critical topic as the world recognizes the need to protect our planet and its resources for future generations. Sustainability means meeting our current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to meet theirs. It involves long-term planning and consideration of the consequences of our actions. The goal is to create strategies that ensure the long-term viability of People, Planet, and Profit.
Leading companies such as Nike, Toyota, and Siemens are prioritizing sustainable innovation in their business models, setting an example for others to follow. In this Sustainability training presentation, you will learn key concepts, principles, and practices of sustainability applicable across industries. This training aims to create awareness and educate employees, senior executives, consultants, and other key stakeholders, including investors, policymakers, and supply chain partners, on the importance and implementation of sustainability.
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1. Develop a comprehensive understanding of the fundamental principles and concepts that form the foundation of sustainability within corporate environments.
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1. Introduction and Key Concepts of Sustainability
2. Principles and Practices of Sustainability
3. Measures and Reporting in Sustainability
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2. What IS SUGAR?
•Sugar is a vital ingredient in
most of out daily
consumption articles. For
example: Soft drinks juices,
tea, biscuits, sweetmeats,
bakery items deserts,
pharmaceutical industry, etc.
3. IntroductionThe Sugar industry in Pakistan is the Second
largest agro based industry after Textiles
Pakistan is an important cane producing
country and is ranked fifth in world cane
acreage and 15th in sugar production
Its share in value added of agriculture and GDP are
3.4 percent and 0.7 percent, respectively .The sugar
sector constitutes 4.2 per cent of manufacturing The
Sugar industry employs over 1.5 million people,
including management experts, technologists,
engineers, financial experts, skilled, semiskilled and
unskilled workers.
4. HISTORY
At the time of independence in 1947, there were only
two sugar factories in Pakistan. The output of these
factories was not sufficient for meeting the domestic
requirements. The country started to import sugar from
other countries and huge foreign exchange was spent on
this item. the first sugar mill was established at Tando
Muhammad Khan in Sindh province in the year 1961.
During the year 1997-1998 there were 75 sugar mills.
In the country and it produces 2.4 million metric tons
sugar
5. In 2009 /10 Sugar cane is grown on over a million
hectares and provides the r aw material for Pakistan’s
81 sugar mills. Sugarcane is an important industrial
and cash crop in Pakistan & it produces numerous
valuable by products like, alcohol used by
pharmaceutical industry, ethanol used as a fuel,
bagasse used for paper and fuel.
6. NO. OF MILLS 81
CONTRIBUTION TO
ECONOMY SHARE IN GDP : 0.7%
EMPLOYMENT : 1.5MILLION
TOTAL INVESTMENT : PKR 100
BILLION
AVERAGE YIELD PER
HECTOR
46.8 TONNES
TOTAL CANE
PRODUCTION
45.0-55.0 MILLION TONNES
CANE AVAILABLE 30-43 MILLION TONNES
PER CAPITA
CONSUMPTION
25.8 KGS
CRASHING
CAPACITY
6.1 M ILLION TONNES
CONTRIBUTION TO
EXCHEQUER
RS.12.16 BILLIONS
8. Production
MY 2008/09, sugarcane production is estimated at
51.5 MMT, a decrease of 19 percent over the previous
year due to both a reduction in area harvested and
yield.
Pakistan's MY 2009/10 sugar production is forecast at
3.65 million tonnes up about three per cent from the
current year estimate of 3.56 million tonnes,
according to the USDA Foreign Agricultural Service.
9. CONSUMPTION
MY 2008/09 sugar consumption is forecast at 4.2
MMT due to population increase and enhanced
industrial use.
MY 2009/10 sugar consumption is forecast at 4.35
MMT. Total per capita refined sugar consumption is
estimated at 25 kilograms, based on improved
domestic supply and strong demand. imports at
730,000 tonnes.
10. Production Policy
The Government of Pakistan (GOP) is striving to
achieve self-sufficiency and sustainability in sugar
production by ensuring the availability of inputs and
establishing a sugarcane support price which is
acceptable to all stakeholders. The sugar industry is
looking for value added by-products, as well as
reducing costs and promoting cultivation of high
sucrose cane. For MY 2009/10 the state Government of
the Punjab has enhanced the cane purchase price by 25
percent over the previous year making it Rs.100 per 40
Kg ($31.25 per MT).
14. By-Product Of Sugar Cane
Bagasse:
It is produced in the mill house in a quantity of about
30% of the crushed cane.
The bagasse contains 50% moisture
It is used as a fuel for boilers (processing stage).
Bagasse is also used for chip-board and paper
manufacture.
15. Molasses:
Molasses is a common ingredient in
baking, often used in baked goods such
as ginger bread cookies.
80% of total available molasses is
exported
16. Ethanol:
The Pakistan sugar sector has the capacity to
produce over 2.5 million metric tons (MMT) of
molasses available for processing into ethanol.
Pakistan’s sugar industry produces more than half
a million tons of ethanol per annum from cane
molasses, over 50 per cent of which is exported at
an average price of about $500/MT. Main
destinations include: Europe, Far Eastern (Korea,
Japan, Taiwan and the Philippines) and Middle
East (Dubai and Saudi Arabia).
18. Trade
MY 2009/10 sugar imports are forecast at 730,000 MT, and
MY 2008/09 sugar imports estimated at 700,000 MT. The
government has traditionally imported sugar through the
Trading Corporation of Pakistan (TCP) in an effort to
moderate sugar prices.
Imports of raw sugar are subject to a 25 percent import
duty, a 16 percent sales tax, a 10 percent regulatory duty, a
2 percent withholding tax, and a one percent central
excise duty (total tax = 54 percent).
19. Stocks
MY 2009/10 stocks are forecast at 1.05 MMT, based on
projected supply-demand scenarios and trade
expectations.
20. Sugar Crisis
The country is facing the worst sugar crisis in its
history with the price of sugar touching Rs. 54 per kg
in the retail market and Rs. 52 per kg in the wholesale.
Sugar prices have risen because of the demand-supply
situation. The supply in the market is not enough to
meet the current demand.
21. The main reason for the current rise in sugar prices
are created by the hoarders, wholesalers and the mill
owners.
Sweets which were earlier being sold at Rs150 to
Rs180 per kg are now being sold at Rs260 to Rs300 per
Kg.
22. Due to flood
5 to 10 percent crop was affected so far due to the
heavy floods and final figures would come after the
end of floods. The meeting also decided that private
sector would import the sugar at zero rated duty from
the next season, instead of Trading Corporation of
Pakistan (TCP).
Moreover it was not possible for the new sugar to
enter the market before December 1, 2010 and
supplement old stocks and as such 1.2 million tons of
sugar import will be continued as planned.
23. Recommendations
The Government should facilitate improved varieties
of sugar cane having higher sucrose recovery through
Agriculture Research Institutes and more effective
measures
required for disease control and better pesticides used.
Availability of adequate supply of water, appropriate
use of fertilizer and proper spraying of insecticides &
pesticides can improve yield per hectare.
25. Conclusion
Sugar industry has a potential to achieve heights in
Pakistan if major steps are taken into consideration in
this regard.
Other than sugar we can diversify and produce
Ethanol which has been proved to be very helpful in
developing economies and ease our import bill.
26. References
PSMA: Pakistan Sugar Annual Report
2008/09 USDA Foreign Agricultural
Service Gain Report.
Sugar Crisis in Pakistan research
paper
www.nation.com
