This document discusses sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). It defines SIDS as the sudden and unexplained death of an infant under one year of age. It discusses the triple risk hypothesis and proposes causes such as sleep position, temperature, smoke/narcotics, and bedding. It notes that co-sleeping and breastfeeding are significant prevention techniques as they allow mother-infant interaction and more frequent contact. The document also discusses nursing diagnoses, outcomes, interventions, and care plans for SIDS.

1. HamzeH HarayzeH
‫الحرايزة‬ ‫حمزة‬
‫التمريض‬ ‫كلية‬
‫الدردنية‬ ‫والتكنولوجيا‬ ‫العلوم‬ ‫جامعة‬

2. Outline
 Objective
 Pathophysiology
 Proposed Causes and Symptoms
 Risk factor
 Prevention
 Nursing managment

3. Objective
 After we finished presentation you have able to
:
 Discuss about sudden infant death syndrome
and pathophysiolgy
 Know Risk factor for SIDS
 Learn about prevent methods and co-sleeping.
 Learn about management and nursing process

4. Definition of SIDS
 The sudden and unexplained death of an infant
under one year of age.
– Leading cause of death in infants under 12 months

5. Triple risk hypothesis :
 Vulnerable infant
 Critical developmental period in homeostatic
control
 Exogenous stressors
path physiology

6. Proposed Causes (External/Internal)
 Tiny hemorrhages
 Asphyxiation
 Immune System
Disorders
 Apnea Hypothesis
 Sleep position
 Temperature
 Smoke/Narcotics
 Bedding

7. Sleep Position
 The baby is in the prone position
(Lying on its stomach)

8. Temperature
 The temperature of the environment would
determine how warmly the infant is dressed or
how tightly a blanket is wrapped around the
infant.

9. Smoke/Narcotics
 The presence of smoke during pregnancy
increases the infants chance 3 times for having
SIDS.
 The use of narcotics during pregnancy
increases the infants chance 10 times for
having SIDS.

10. Bedding
 Improper bedding such as a too soft mattress
or a big fluffy blanket could cause the infant to
inhale stale air during the night.

11. Tiny Hemorrhages
 Autopsy’s revealed that tiny hemorrhages
inside of the babies chest could be responsible
for congestion in the lungs during the night.

12. Asphyxiation
 Asphyxiation by carbon dioxide is associated
with soft bedding because the infant only
breathes in stale air (containing mostly carbon
dioxide) throughout the night, and does not
receive the proper amount of oxygen.

13. Immune System Disorders
 Infants who have an immune system disorder
are at higher risk than those who do not,
because it is likely to cause a change in heart
rate during the night.

14. Apnea Hypothesis
 The cessation of airflow to the nose and mouth
(central apnea)
– The pause is called central and usually last for
about 15 seconds
 Most widely accepted hypothesis

15. Sleep Apnea Hypothesis
 There is an abnormality in the regulation of the
breathing activity that leads to prolonged
central apnea, hypoxia which leads to coma,
death

16. Treatment
 Because SIDS has no
known cause and
happens randomly there
is no treatment available.

17. Prevention
 Lying the infant on its back during sleep
 Proper bedding
 Controlled environment temperature
 Good prenatal care
 Avoidance of smoke and narcotics
 Monitors
 Co-sleeping with parents

18. Co-Sleeping
 Co-sleeping is widely
believed to be a
prevention of SIDS

20. What does Co-sleeping do?
 Allows for the mother and infant to interact their
breathing patterns.
 Exchange sensory stimuli such as sound, movement,
touch, vision, gas, and temperature.
 Infants spend less time in the deep stages of sleep.
 Allows the baby to be near the mother for breast
feeding during the night.

21. Breast feeding
 Human milk provides less calories than
formula, which indicates the need for more
frequent feedings.
– More frequent contact with mother

22. Natural Selection and SIDS
 When an infant is separated from its caregiver,
its natural instinct is to protest (cry).
 Natural selection probably favored the infants
who protested.

24. Summary
 There is no known cause or treatment for
SIDS. Although there is action that can be
taken for the prevention of SIDS. Co-sleeping
and breast feeding, under proper conditions,
are the two most significant prevention
techniques.

25.  In addition to loss of infant, families face
could face police investigation, long wait for
autopsy results and continued uncertainty
leading to prolonged emotional distress
consequently affecting the grieving
process
 Physician can play active role by
advocating for an autopsy, discussing
autopsy results with the family and
providing emotional support
 Surviving siblings and other family
members need age appropriate emotional
support
 If appropriate refer family for genetic
counselling and/or metabolic testing
 Direct family to local counselling and
support groups
Management and support
 1
 2
 3
 4

26. Nursing Dx with SID
 Dysfunctional grieving
 Fear
 Hopelessness
 Interrupted family processes
 Spiritual distress

27. Nursing Outcomes Nursing Care Plans For
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome SIDS
 Family members will seek appropriate support persons
for assistance.
 Family members will use available support systems to
assist in coping with fear.
 Family members will identify feelings of hopelessness
regarding the current situation.
 Family members will share feelings about the event.
 Family members will verbalize measures to prevent
SIDS.
 Family members will use effective coping strategies to
ease spiritual discomfort.

28. Nursing Interventions NCP Nursing Care
Plans For Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
SIDS
 Grief Work Facilitation: Assistance with the resolution of a significant loss
 Grief Work Facilitation: Perinatal Death: Assistance with the resolution of
a perinatal loss
 Coping Enhancement: Assisting a patient to adapt to perceived stressors,
changes, or threats that interfere with meeting life demands and roles
 Anxiety Reduction: Minimizing apprehension, dread, foreboding, or
uneasiness related to an unidentified source or anticipated danger
 Security Enhancement: Intensifying a patient’s sense of physical and
psychological safety
 Hope Instillation: Facilitation of the development of a positive outlook in a
given situation
 Emotional Support: Provision of reassurance, acceptance, and
encouragement during times of stress
 Family Process Maintenance: Minimization of family process disruption
effects

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syndrome. Lancet. Nov 3 2007;370(9598):1578-1587.
 Weese-Mayer DE, Ackerman MJ, Marazita ML, Berry-
Kravis EM. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome: review of
implicated genetic factors. Am J Med Genet A. Apr 15
2007;143A(8):771-788.
 Gurbutt D, Gurbutt R. Risk reduction and sudden
infant death syndrome. Community Pract. Jan
2007;80(1):24-27.
 Fleming P, Blair PS. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
and parental smoking. Early Hum Dev. Nov
2007;83(11):721-725.
 Damato EG. Safe sleep: can pacifiers reduce SIDS risk?
Nurs Womens Health. Feb 2007;11(1):72-76.
 Haycock G. Recent research in sudden infant death
syndrome. J Fam Health Care. 2007;17(5):149-151.
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