Criticisms of Jullianne House's Model of Translation Quality Assessmentsafwan aziz
The document discusses House's model of translation criticism and "functional equivalence" approach. It makes several key points:
1) House's model aims for translations to match the original text's function, with "covert translations" being the only type that can fully achieve functional equivalence.
2) However, achieving functional equivalence is challenging due to differences in source and target language/cultures.
3) While House's model provides guidelines, preserving function alone does not guarantee equivalence, and other factors like intention, strategy, and interpretation need to be considered.
The two main areas are logical semantics, concerned with matters such as sense and reference and presupposition and implication, and lexical semantics, concerned with the analysis of word meanings and relations between them.
English for Academic Purposes (EAP) vs. general English—a 101 crash course. ...Macmillan Russia
This presentation discusses the differences between teaching English for Academic Purposes (EAP) versus general English. EAP has grown in popularity with the increase in international students seeking to study at English-speaking universities. The presentation provides an overview of how EAP classes should prepare students for the demands of studying abroad by focusing on skills like academic writing, debate, and structuring arguments. In contrast to only preparing for exams, EAP aims to help students communicate effectively in real academic settings. The presentation also demonstrates activities from Macmillan's new EAP series that help students develop these important skills.
This document provides an overview of English for Academic Purposes (EAP) and key aspects of academic writing. EAP focuses on developing the language skills needed to function in an English-speaking academic environment. The standard structure for academic texts includes an introduction presenting the topic and argument, a body section developing and discussing the argument through analysis and results, and a conclusion summarizing the main points. Academic writing involves posing a question or problem and answering it through informed argumentation to inform, argue a position, or persuade. Features of academic texts include complexity, formality, precision, objectivity, explicitness, accuracy, hedging, and responsibility in making and justifying claims.
This document contains three summaries of academic word lists:
Sublist 1 contains the most common words and includes words like analyse, approach, area, assess, assume, authority, available, benefit, concept, consist, constitute, context, contract, create, data, define, derive, distribute.
Sublist 2 contains the next most common words and includes words like achieve, acquire, administrate, affect, appropriate, aspect, assist, category, chapter, commission, community, complex, compute, conclude, conduct, construct, consume.
Sublist 3 contains additional less common words and includes words like alternative, circumstance, comment, compensate, component, consent, considerable, constant, constrain, contribute, convene
Mùa đông năm 1812, cuộc chinh phạt nước Nga của Napoleon đã thất bại thảm hại vì lý do "logistics". Hết lương thực, không chỗ trú chân, thiếu ánh lửa hồng trong mùa đông khắc nghiệt của nước Nga, quân đội của Napoleon không còn cách nào khác là rút chạy.
Còn đối với Alexander Đại đế, hậu cần (logistics) là một mảng vô cùng quan trọng. Với ông "người làm logistics cần biết rằng nếu chiến dịch của tôi thất bại, họ sẽ là người đầu tiên bị xét xử".
Hai câu chuyện lịch sử này cho ta thấy vai trò tối quan trọng của chuỗi cung ứng (Supply Chain hay "logistics" theo cách hiểu thông thường) đối với 2 vị tướng lừng danh trên dù cụm từ chuỗi cung ứng chưa hề tồn tại vào thời của hai ông. Và ngày nay, chuỗi cung ứng càng thể hiện vai trò quan trọng đối với thành công của các doanh nghiệp.
Chuỗi cung ứng là gì và đóng vai trò ra sao?
"Bạn có biết hành trình mà một đôi giày Nike đã trải qua để đến với người tiêu dùng?", chị Quyên, Giám Đốc Điều Hành của Supply Chain Council, chia sẻ. "Hành trình đó là sự phối hợp của biết bao khâu, từ nhà cung cấp nguyên vật liệu (vải, keo, chỉ...), các nhà máy gia công may giày trên khắp thế giới, các đơn vị vận chuyển, các cầu cảng nơi giầy Nike được "nhập cảnh", đoàn xe vận chuyển, máy bay, tiếp đến là các trung tâm phân phối, các cửa hiệu bán sỉ, bán lẻ và cuối cùng mới đến tay bạn, người tiêu dùng. Đó là một chu trình khép kín, hoàn toàn được "can thiệp" bởi chuỗi cung ứng (Supply Chain).
Ví dụ đơn giản này cho ta thấy vai trò cực kỳ quan trọng của chuỗi cung ứng tại các doanh nghiệp. Quản lý chuỗi cung ứng gắn liền với hầu như tất cả các hoạt động của các doanh nghiệp sản xuất, từ việc hoạch định và quản lý quá trình tìm nguồn hàng, thu mua, sản xuất thành phẩm từ nguyên liệu thô, quản lý hậu cần... đến việc phối hợp với các đối tác, nhà cung ứng, các kênh trung gian, nhà cung cấp dịch vụ và khách hàng.
Nói chung, quản lý chuỗi cung ứng gồm quản lý cung và cầu trong toàn hệ thống của các doanh nghiệp. Nhờ quản lý chuỗi cung ứng hiệu quả, những tập đoàn tầm cỡ thế giới như Dell và Wal-Mart đạt được từ 4% - 6% lợi nhuận cao hơn so với đối thủ, một lợi thế cạnh tranh không nhỏ tí nào.
Rõ ràng yếu tố cơ bản để các doanh nghiệp cạnh tranh thành công ngày nay là sở hữu được một chuỗi cung ứng trội hơn hẳn các đối thủ. Nó
Criticisms of Jullianne House's Model of Translation Quality Assessmentsafwan aziz
The document discusses House's model of translation criticism and "functional equivalence" approach. It makes several key points:
1) House's model aims for translations to match the original text's function, with "covert translations" being the only type that can fully achieve functional equivalence.
2) However, achieving functional equivalence is challenging due to differences in source and target language/cultures.
3) While House's model provides guidelines, preserving function alone does not guarantee equivalence, and other factors like intention, strategy, and interpretation need to be considered.
The two main areas are logical semantics, concerned with matters such as sense and reference and presupposition and implication, and lexical semantics, concerned with the analysis of word meanings and relations between them.
English for Academic Purposes (EAP) vs. general English—a 101 crash course. ...Macmillan Russia
This presentation discusses the differences between teaching English for Academic Purposes (EAP) versus general English. EAP has grown in popularity with the increase in international students seeking to study at English-speaking universities. The presentation provides an overview of how EAP classes should prepare students for the demands of studying abroad by focusing on skills like academic writing, debate, and structuring arguments. In contrast to only preparing for exams, EAP aims to help students communicate effectively in real academic settings. The presentation also demonstrates activities from Macmillan's new EAP series that help students develop these important skills.
This document provides an overview of English for Academic Purposes (EAP) and key aspects of academic writing. EAP focuses on developing the language skills needed to function in an English-speaking academic environment. The standard structure for academic texts includes an introduction presenting the topic and argument, a body section developing and discussing the argument through analysis and results, and a conclusion summarizing the main points. Academic writing involves posing a question or problem and answering it through informed argumentation to inform, argue a position, or persuade. Features of academic texts include complexity, formality, precision, objectivity, explicitness, accuracy, hedging, and responsibility in making and justifying claims.
This document contains three summaries of academic word lists:
Sublist 1 contains the most common words and includes words like analyse, approach, area, assess, assume, authority, available, benefit, concept, consist, constitute, context, contract, create, data, define, derive, distribute.
Sublist 2 contains the next most common words and includes words like achieve, acquire, administrate, affect, appropriate, aspect, assist, category, chapter, commission, community, complex, compute, conclude, conduct, construct, consume.
Sublist 3 contains additional less common words and includes words like alternative, circumstance, comment, compensate, component, consent, considerable, constant, constrain, contribute, convene
Mùa đông năm 1812, cuộc chinh phạt nước Nga của Napoleon đã thất bại thảm hại vì lý do "logistics". Hết lương thực, không chỗ trú chân, thiếu ánh lửa hồng trong mùa đông khắc nghiệt của nước Nga, quân đội của Napoleon không còn cách nào khác là rút chạy.
Còn đối với Alexander Đại đế, hậu cần (logistics) là một mảng vô cùng quan trọng. Với ông "người làm logistics cần biết rằng nếu chiến dịch của tôi thất bại, họ sẽ là người đầu tiên bị xét xử".
Hai câu chuyện lịch sử này cho ta thấy vai trò tối quan trọng của chuỗi cung ứng (Supply Chain hay "logistics" theo cách hiểu thông thường) đối với 2 vị tướng lừng danh trên dù cụm từ chuỗi cung ứng chưa hề tồn tại vào thời của hai ông. Và ngày nay, chuỗi cung ứng càng thể hiện vai trò quan trọng đối với thành công của các doanh nghiệp.
Chuỗi cung ứng là gì và đóng vai trò ra sao?
"Bạn có biết hành trình mà một đôi giày Nike đã trải qua để đến với người tiêu dùng?", chị Quyên, Giám Đốc Điều Hành của Supply Chain Council, chia sẻ. "Hành trình đó là sự phối hợp của biết bao khâu, từ nhà cung cấp nguyên vật liệu (vải, keo, chỉ...), các nhà máy gia công may giày trên khắp thế giới, các đơn vị vận chuyển, các cầu cảng nơi giầy Nike được "nhập cảnh", đoàn xe vận chuyển, máy bay, tiếp đến là các trung tâm phân phối, các cửa hiệu bán sỉ, bán lẻ và cuối cùng mới đến tay bạn, người tiêu dùng. Đó là một chu trình khép kín, hoàn toàn được "can thiệp" bởi chuỗi cung ứng (Supply Chain).
Ví dụ đơn giản này cho ta thấy vai trò cực kỳ quan trọng của chuỗi cung ứng tại các doanh nghiệp. Quản lý chuỗi cung ứng gắn liền với hầu như tất cả các hoạt động của các doanh nghiệp sản xuất, từ việc hoạch định và quản lý quá trình tìm nguồn hàng, thu mua, sản xuất thành phẩm từ nguyên liệu thô, quản lý hậu cần... đến việc phối hợp với các đối tác, nhà cung ứng, các kênh trung gian, nhà cung cấp dịch vụ và khách hàng.
Nói chung, quản lý chuỗi cung ứng gồm quản lý cung và cầu trong toàn hệ thống của các doanh nghiệp. Nhờ quản lý chuỗi cung ứng hiệu quả, những tập đoàn tầm cỡ thế giới như Dell và Wal-Mart đạt được từ 4% - 6% lợi nhuận cao hơn so với đối thủ, một lợi thế cạnh tranh không nhỏ tí nào.
Rõ ràng yếu tố cơ bản để các doanh nghiệp cạnh tranh thành công ngày nay là sở hữu được một chuỗi cung ứng trội hơn hẳn các đối thủ. Nó
Relationship of Descriptive Linguistics in the following areas [Autosaved].pptxEnKhi1
This document discusses several key concepts in linguistics including:
1. The autonomy of syntax - the theory that syntax operates independently of meaning and pragmatics.
2. Compositionality - the principle that the meaning of a phrase or sentence can be derived from the meanings of its parts and their structure.
3. Conservative vs innovative forms - conservative forms change little over time while innovative forms undergo more recent changes.
4. Prescriptivism - the belief that there are correct and incorrect ways to use language based on explicit rules imposed on speakers.
5. Methods of linguistic research include collecting primary and secondary data using tools like interviews, observations, and questionnaires for qualitative and quantitative analysis.
- Syntax is the study of the structure of sentences and how words are combined to form phrases and clauses.
- A sentence can be broken down into constituents, which are phrases or words that serve a grammatical function within the sentence. Constituents are combined and related through syntactic rules and analysis.
- Syntactic analysis involves identifying parts of speech, morphological features like tense and case, and syntactic functions like subjects, objects, and complements to determine a sentence's structure.
This document provides an overview of grammar and different approaches to analyzing grammar. It discusses traditional grammar and how it differs from modern linguistic theories. It also covers parts of speech, grammatical gender, prescriptive grammar rules, descriptive analysis, and methods for structurally analyzing sentences such as constituent analysis and bracketing. The document is intended to teach grammar concepts to students.
Objectives:How do we study SoE, The three-part model of English, Outline structure of English, Basic constituent analysis of a sentence, morphology, Definition of SoE
This document provides an overview of different levels of linguistic analysis, including phonetics, phonology, morphology, lexicon, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, and discourse. It discusses some key concepts for each level, such as linguistic units, organizing structures, and examples of sub-levels or categories. For semantics, it specifically outlines three main areas: informational semantics, compositional semantics, and lexical semantics. The document aims to describe the different levels of linguistic analysis and some approaches that can be taken within each level.
The basis of a transdisciplinary language has been recognized to be already present throughout the subject matters of all the disciplines.
The general-factors, (the isomorphic patterns-of-organization),
that constitute material-reality,
that constitute the hierarchic organization of material-reality,
that thus permeate the subject matters of all the disciplines of science and the humanities,
that provide the basis of discipline-independent-transdisciplinarity,
also provide the basis of the language of transdisciplinarity.
Both developing and using the methodology of discipline-independent-transdisciplinarity results in the emergence of this universal language that provides effective communication through breadth and depth of accurate description.
This document provides an overview of the different levels of linguistic analysis, including phonetics, phonology, morphology, lexicon, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, and discourse.
It defines each level and discusses their basic units and organizing structures. For example, it states that syntax analyzes sentence structure and has phrases as its basic units, organized by syntactic operations. Semantics examines meaning within language and has no set units, but aspects like denotation and reference. Pragmatics studies meaning beyond language to speech acts, using components like implicatures.
The document also gives examples to illustrate each level, such as speech acts for pragmatics, and deixis, politeness, and enunciation for
What can a corpus tell us about grammarSami Khalil
The document discusses what can be learned about lexis and grammar from corpus data. Regarding lexis, corpora can provide information about the general lexicon, word formation, collocations, idioms, meanings such as polysemy, and lexical patterns in speech. Regarding grammar, corpora allow analysis of grammatical patterns through frequency, associations with lexis, co-text, discourse factors, and variation across registers and speech. Multiple interrelated linguistic features must be examined simultaneously to fully understand grammatical choices.
The document discusses the key concepts of discourse analysis including:
- Language has both transactional and interactional functions
- Spoken and written language differ in their production and use
- Utterances refer to spoken language while sentences refer to written language
- Discourse analysts study natural language use in context to describe regularities rather than rules
- The focus is on language as a dynamic process rather than just the static products of language
This document provides an overview of systemic functional grammar and linguistics. It discusses traditional grammar, formal grammar, and functional grammar. Functional grammar is concerned with both language structures and how those structures construct meaning. It analyzes clauses in terms of participants, processes, and circumstances rather than parts of speech. The document also discusses the connection between context and text, explaining how context of situation and culture influence language use and meaning. Context of situation includes factors like field, tenor, and mode. Finally, the document defines genre as culturally specific text types used to accomplish purposes, with distinctive stages and linguistic features.
Semantics is the study of meaning in language. It examines the relationship between linguistic forms like words and sentences, and the meanings they convey. This relationship is rule-governed. Words have meaning both from their relationship to the world they describe, and from their place within the language's vocabulary system. Utterances are context-specific instances of language use, while sentences are abstract linguistic objects. Propositions are the aspects of meaning conveyed by declarative sentences that describe states of affairs involving things and their relationships or actions.
Discourse analysis considers language use beyond the sentence level and in its full social context. It examines how texts are structured through cohesion and coherence. Cohesion refers to linguistic connections between parts of a text, while coherence is the meaningful unity created in the reader's mind. Discourse analysis also looks at spoken and written styles, genres, and conversation structure through phenomena like turn-taking, adjacency pairs, and back-channeling. Background knowledge and expectations also influence how a text is understood.
The document discusses the structure of English grammar. It begins with an outline breaking the discussion into parts about prescriptive vs descriptive grammar, the structure of English words, parts of speech, and phrases. The objectives are then stated as giving participants a firmer grasp of English grammar through its structural sequences, morphology, and syntax. Various concepts of grammar are then defined, including prescriptive grammar which focuses on rules and corrections, and descriptive grammar which aims to describe how a language is actually used. Transformational grammar and its relationship to deep and surface structures is explained. The differences between competence and performance are also touched on.
Lecture 1st-Introduction to Discourse Analysis._023928.pptxGoogle
Introduction to discourse analysis
What is discourse?
What is discourse Analysis?
Paradigms in linguistics
Cohesion and Coherense
Types of written discourse
Types of spoken discourse
Text and discourse
Scope of discourse analysis
The document outlines the Academic Word List, which contains families of words that are common in academic texts. It is divided into 10 sublists, with sublist 1 containing the most common words and sublist 10 the least common. The summary provides the first 3 words ("analyse", "analysed", "analyser") from sublist 1 as an example of the contents.
The document discusses various approaches to analyzing meaning in translation, including semantic structure analysis and componential analysis. It also covers the analysis of collocations and semantic prosody. Additionally, it examines the concepts of dynamic equivalence and formal equivalence in translation, focusing on bringing the target reader closer to the source text or message. The document concludes that while meaning is important, other factors like context also influence translation decisions.
The use of componential Analysis in Translation Lida Berisha
The document discusses componential analysis, a method proposed by structural semanticists to analyze word meanings. It breaks down words into semantic features or components, using plus and minus signs. Examples are given of decomposing the meanings of words like "man", "woman", "boy", "girl" into their semantic components. Componential analysis provides insight into word meanings and how words related in meaning are related. It allows analyzing synonyms, cultural words, and translating neologisms or new words not found in dictionaries. The method focuses on universal components of word meanings beyond linguistic and cultural differences between languages.
The document discusses the dimensions of language including the cultural, syntagmatic, and paradigmatic dimensions. It explains that the cultural dimension relates to audience expectations, while the syntagmatic dimension involves word order and syntax. The paradigmatic dimension refers to lexical choices. It also discusses formality versus informality, standard versus nonstandard language, general versus specific terminology, in-group versus out-group jargon, and choosing appropriate language for different audiences and contexts.
The document discusses cohesion in English. It defines cohesion as the semantic relations between elements in a text that give the text unity and allow it to be interpreted. There are various types of cohesive devices, including reference, substitution, ellipsis, conjunction, and lexical cohesion. Reference involves using an element in the text to refer to something already mentioned. Personal reference uses pronouns to refer to people, demonstrative reference uses words like this and that, and comparative reference involves comparisons. Together, cohesive devices help create the texture and cohesion of a text.
This document analyzes the Vietnam game market. It finds that the market size was $243 million in 2013, is forecast to grow 50-70% by 2017, and is dominated by mobile games. Role playing games are most popular and profitable. The top publishers are VNG, Garena, VTC and FPT. Opportunities exist due to growing internet and smartphone use, while challenges include game cloning, licensing issues, and competition from China.
Theories of transformational leadership, emotional intelligence, cross cultural intelligence and finding in cultural awareness, cultural adaptation and effectiveness management localization
Relationship of Descriptive Linguistics in the following areas [Autosaved].pptxEnKhi1
This document discusses several key concepts in linguistics including:
1. The autonomy of syntax - the theory that syntax operates independently of meaning and pragmatics.
2. Compositionality - the principle that the meaning of a phrase or sentence can be derived from the meanings of its parts and their structure.
3. Conservative vs innovative forms - conservative forms change little over time while innovative forms undergo more recent changes.
4. Prescriptivism - the belief that there are correct and incorrect ways to use language based on explicit rules imposed on speakers.
5. Methods of linguistic research include collecting primary and secondary data using tools like interviews, observations, and questionnaires for qualitative and quantitative analysis.
- Syntax is the study of the structure of sentences and how words are combined to form phrases and clauses.
- A sentence can be broken down into constituents, which are phrases or words that serve a grammatical function within the sentence. Constituents are combined and related through syntactic rules and analysis.
- Syntactic analysis involves identifying parts of speech, morphological features like tense and case, and syntactic functions like subjects, objects, and complements to determine a sentence's structure.
This document provides an overview of grammar and different approaches to analyzing grammar. It discusses traditional grammar and how it differs from modern linguistic theories. It also covers parts of speech, grammatical gender, prescriptive grammar rules, descriptive analysis, and methods for structurally analyzing sentences such as constituent analysis and bracketing. The document is intended to teach grammar concepts to students.
Objectives:How do we study SoE, The three-part model of English, Outline structure of English, Basic constituent analysis of a sentence, morphology, Definition of SoE
This document provides an overview of different levels of linguistic analysis, including phonetics, phonology, morphology, lexicon, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, and discourse. It discusses some key concepts for each level, such as linguistic units, organizing structures, and examples of sub-levels or categories. For semantics, it specifically outlines three main areas: informational semantics, compositional semantics, and lexical semantics. The document aims to describe the different levels of linguistic analysis and some approaches that can be taken within each level.
The basis of a transdisciplinary language has been recognized to be already present throughout the subject matters of all the disciplines.
The general-factors, (the isomorphic patterns-of-organization),
that constitute material-reality,
that constitute the hierarchic organization of material-reality,
that thus permeate the subject matters of all the disciplines of science and the humanities,
that provide the basis of discipline-independent-transdisciplinarity,
also provide the basis of the language of transdisciplinarity.
Both developing and using the methodology of discipline-independent-transdisciplinarity results in the emergence of this universal language that provides effective communication through breadth and depth of accurate description.
This document provides an overview of the different levels of linguistic analysis, including phonetics, phonology, morphology, lexicon, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, and discourse.
It defines each level and discusses their basic units and organizing structures. For example, it states that syntax analyzes sentence structure and has phrases as its basic units, organized by syntactic operations. Semantics examines meaning within language and has no set units, but aspects like denotation and reference. Pragmatics studies meaning beyond language to speech acts, using components like implicatures.
The document also gives examples to illustrate each level, such as speech acts for pragmatics, and deixis, politeness, and enunciation for
What can a corpus tell us about grammarSami Khalil
The document discusses what can be learned about lexis and grammar from corpus data. Regarding lexis, corpora can provide information about the general lexicon, word formation, collocations, idioms, meanings such as polysemy, and lexical patterns in speech. Regarding grammar, corpora allow analysis of grammatical patterns through frequency, associations with lexis, co-text, discourse factors, and variation across registers and speech. Multiple interrelated linguistic features must be examined simultaneously to fully understand grammatical choices.
The document discusses the key concepts of discourse analysis including:
- Language has both transactional and interactional functions
- Spoken and written language differ in their production and use
- Utterances refer to spoken language while sentences refer to written language
- Discourse analysts study natural language use in context to describe regularities rather than rules
- The focus is on language as a dynamic process rather than just the static products of language
This document provides an overview of systemic functional grammar and linguistics. It discusses traditional grammar, formal grammar, and functional grammar. Functional grammar is concerned with both language structures and how those structures construct meaning. It analyzes clauses in terms of participants, processes, and circumstances rather than parts of speech. The document also discusses the connection between context and text, explaining how context of situation and culture influence language use and meaning. Context of situation includes factors like field, tenor, and mode. Finally, the document defines genre as culturally specific text types used to accomplish purposes, with distinctive stages and linguistic features.
Semantics is the study of meaning in language. It examines the relationship between linguistic forms like words and sentences, and the meanings they convey. This relationship is rule-governed. Words have meaning both from their relationship to the world they describe, and from their place within the language's vocabulary system. Utterances are context-specific instances of language use, while sentences are abstract linguistic objects. Propositions are the aspects of meaning conveyed by declarative sentences that describe states of affairs involving things and their relationships or actions.
Discourse analysis considers language use beyond the sentence level and in its full social context. It examines how texts are structured through cohesion and coherence. Cohesion refers to linguistic connections between parts of a text, while coherence is the meaningful unity created in the reader's mind. Discourse analysis also looks at spoken and written styles, genres, and conversation structure through phenomena like turn-taking, adjacency pairs, and back-channeling. Background knowledge and expectations also influence how a text is understood.
The document discusses the structure of English grammar. It begins with an outline breaking the discussion into parts about prescriptive vs descriptive grammar, the structure of English words, parts of speech, and phrases. The objectives are then stated as giving participants a firmer grasp of English grammar through its structural sequences, morphology, and syntax. Various concepts of grammar are then defined, including prescriptive grammar which focuses on rules and corrections, and descriptive grammar which aims to describe how a language is actually used. Transformational grammar and its relationship to deep and surface structures is explained. The differences between competence and performance are also touched on.
Lecture 1st-Introduction to Discourse Analysis._023928.pptxGoogle
Introduction to discourse analysis
What is discourse?
What is discourse Analysis?
Paradigms in linguistics
Cohesion and Coherense
Types of written discourse
Types of spoken discourse
Text and discourse
Scope of discourse analysis
The document outlines the Academic Word List, which contains families of words that are common in academic texts. It is divided into 10 sublists, with sublist 1 containing the most common words and sublist 10 the least common. The summary provides the first 3 words ("analyse", "analysed", "analyser") from sublist 1 as an example of the contents.
The document discusses various approaches to analyzing meaning in translation, including semantic structure analysis and componential analysis. It also covers the analysis of collocations and semantic prosody. Additionally, it examines the concepts of dynamic equivalence and formal equivalence in translation, focusing on bringing the target reader closer to the source text or message. The document concludes that while meaning is important, other factors like context also influence translation decisions.
The use of componential Analysis in Translation Lida Berisha
The document discusses componential analysis, a method proposed by structural semanticists to analyze word meanings. It breaks down words into semantic features or components, using plus and minus signs. Examples are given of decomposing the meanings of words like "man", "woman", "boy", "girl" into their semantic components. Componential analysis provides insight into word meanings and how words related in meaning are related. It allows analyzing synonyms, cultural words, and translating neologisms or new words not found in dictionaries. The method focuses on universal components of word meanings beyond linguistic and cultural differences between languages.
The document discusses the dimensions of language including the cultural, syntagmatic, and paradigmatic dimensions. It explains that the cultural dimension relates to audience expectations, while the syntagmatic dimension involves word order and syntax. The paradigmatic dimension refers to lexical choices. It also discusses formality versus informality, standard versus nonstandard language, general versus specific terminology, in-group versus out-group jargon, and choosing appropriate language for different audiences and contexts.
The document discusses cohesion in English. It defines cohesion as the semantic relations between elements in a text that give the text unity and allow it to be interpreted. There are various types of cohesive devices, including reference, substitution, ellipsis, conjunction, and lexical cohesion. Reference involves using an element in the text to refer to something already mentioned. Personal reference uses pronouns to refer to people, demonstrative reference uses words like this and that, and comparative reference involves comparisons. Together, cohesive devices help create the texture and cohesion of a text.
This document analyzes the Vietnam game market. It finds that the market size was $243 million in 2013, is forecast to grow 50-70% by 2017, and is dominated by mobile games. Role playing games are most popular and profitable. The top publishers are VNG, Garena, VTC and FPT. Opportunities exist due to growing internet and smartphone use, while challenges include game cloning, licensing issues, and competition from China.
Theories of transformational leadership, emotional intelligence, cross cultural intelligence and finding in cultural awareness, cultural adaptation and effectiveness management localization
Human Resource Frame Assumptions
Herzberg Two factor Theory
Maslow Hierarchy of needs
McGregor Theory X and Y
Human Resource Principles (Bolman and Deal, 2003)
E-commerce in Vietnam is growing rapidly due to increasing internet penetration and smartphone usage. While online shopping is becoming more popular, e-commerce currently makes up a small portion of Vietnam's retail market. The payment infrastructure is also still developing, with many consumers preferring cash transactions. Mobile applications and social media are emerging areas for digital gifting, but security and credibility issues present challenges to further growth of e-commerce and digital gifts in Vietnam.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
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Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...
Academic Word List - Sublist 1
1. ·Each word in italics is the most frequently occurring member of the word family in the
Academic Corpus. For example, analysis is the most common form of the word family
analyse. British and American spelling is included in the word families, so contextualise and
contextualize are both included in the family context.
analyse
analysed
analyser
analysers
analyses
analysing
analysis
analyst
analysts
analytic
analytical
analytically
analyze
analyzed
analyzes
analyzing
approach
approachable,
approached
approaches
approaching
unapproachable
areas
assess
assessable
assessed
assesses
assessmg
assessment
assessments
reassess
reassessed
reassessmg
reassessment
unassessed
assume
assumed
assumes
assummg
assumption
assumptions
authority
authoritative
authorities
available
availability
unavailable
benefit
beneficial
beneficiary
beneficiaries
benefited
benefiting
benefits
concept
conception
concepts
conceptual
conceptualisation
conceptualise
conceptualised
conceptualises
conceptualising
conceptually
consist
consisted
consistency
consistent
consistently
consisting
consists
inconsistencies
inconsistency
inconsistent
, constitute
constituencies
constituency
constituent
constituents
constituted
constitutes
constituting
constitution
constitutions
constitutional'
constitutionally
constitutive
unconstitutional
context
contexts
contextual
contextualise
contextualised
contextualising
uncontextualised
contextualize
contextualized
contextualizing
uncontextualized
contract
contracted
contracting
contractor
contractors
contracts
create
created