This document contains descriptions of 12 species of algae: Ulva lactuca, Ectocarpus siliculosus, Dictyota dichotoma, Sargassum cinereum, Gelidium pusillum, Acetabularia jalakanyakae, Padina pavonica, Caulerpa peltata, Galaxaura obtusata, and Enteromorpha intestinalis. For each species, it provides information on habitat, morphology, classification, and comments. The species were collected from locations in the Andaman Islands such as Chidiyatapu and North Bay for the purpose of creating a digital algal herbarium.
The majority of adult sea snakes species grow to between 120 and 150 cm (4 and 5 ft) in length, with the largest, Hydrophis spiralis.
Most sea snakes are venomous, except the genus Emydocephalus, which feeds almost exclusively on fish eggs.
Sea snakes are extensively adapted to a fully aquatic life and are unable to move on land, except for the sea kraits, which have limited land movement
All sea snakes have paddle-like tails and many have laterally compressed bodies that give them an eel-like appearance.
They are cold blooded animals
INTRODUCTION Gorgonians are marine coelenterates (referring to the hollow body cavity) of the class Anthozoa, which include sea fans, sea whips, corals, sea anemones, and other related species.
Gorgonids are soft corals commonly known as sea fans or sea whips, coming under the subclass Octocorallia and have eightfold radial symmetry.
It composed of numerous polyps—cylindrical sessile (attached) forms—that grow together in a flat fanlike pattern.
They are colonial animals that have a beautiful, branching structure that is covered by soft tissue and are generally found in warm waters and around reefs.
The majority of adult sea snakes species grow to between 120 and 150 cm (4 and 5 ft) in length, with the largest, Hydrophis spiralis.
Most sea snakes are venomous, except the genus Emydocephalus, which feeds almost exclusively on fish eggs.
Sea snakes are extensively adapted to a fully aquatic life and are unable to move on land, except for the sea kraits, which have limited land movement
All sea snakes have paddle-like tails and many have laterally compressed bodies that give them an eel-like appearance.
They are cold blooded animals
INTRODUCTION Gorgonians are marine coelenterates (referring to the hollow body cavity) of the class Anthozoa, which include sea fans, sea whips, corals, sea anemones, and other related species.
Gorgonids are soft corals commonly known as sea fans or sea whips, coming under the subclass Octocorallia and have eightfold radial symmetry.
It composed of numerous polyps—cylindrical sessile (attached) forms—that grow together in a flat fanlike pattern.
They are colonial animals that have a beautiful, branching structure that is covered by soft tissue and are generally found in warm waters and around reefs.
Introduction, Structure, Classification, Phylogeny Tree, Key to class, Distribution, Distinguished Characteristics, Key to Brown Algae, Description of Padina minor.
Presentation about the red algae .
Includes the introduction and some brief knowledge about some red algae like thalus
Reproduction and its importance.
Seagrasses thrive in shallow, saline, and brackish waters worldwide, from tropical zones to the Arctic Circle. Resembling grass but botanically related to terrestrial flowering plants, seagrasses have roots, stems, leaves, and the ability to produce flowers and seeds, with an evolutionary history dating back around 100 million years. Despite their unassuming appearance, seagrasses play a crucial role as one of the planet's most productive ecosystems.
Coral genera of the Western Indian Ocean (2015)David Obura
This slideshow illustrates principal hard coral genera (scleractinia) found in Western Indian Ocean reefs. It is continually updated, and is a work in progress, so excuse some blank pages!
Major Fresh water and Marine Ornamental fishes and Potential for Domestic far...B. BHASKAR
Important fresh water and marine water ornamental aquarium fishes, average economics on setting up of ornamental fish hatchery, proposed unit cost for ornamental fish farming, export potential for Ornamental fish trade
Salas, V. (2024) "John of St. Thomas (Poinsot) on the Science of Sacred Theol...Studia Poinsotiana
I Introduction
II Subalternation and Theology
III Theology and Dogmatic Declarations
IV The Mixed Principles of Theology
V Virtual Revelation: The Unity of Theology
VI Theology as a Natural Science
VII Theology’s Certitude
VIII Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
All the contents are fully attributable to the author, Doctor Victor Salas. Should you wish to get this text republished, get in touch with the author or the editorial committee of the Studia Poinsotiana. Insofar as possible, we will be happy to broker your contact.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Introduction, Structure, Classification, Phylogeny Tree, Key to class, Distribution, Distinguished Characteristics, Key to Brown Algae, Description of Padina minor.
Presentation about the red algae .
Includes the introduction and some brief knowledge about some red algae like thalus
Reproduction and its importance.
Seagrasses thrive in shallow, saline, and brackish waters worldwide, from tropical zones to the Arctic Circle. Resembling grass but botanically related to terrestrial flowering plants, seagrasses have roots, stems, leaves, and the ability to produce flowers and seeds, with an evolutionary history dating back around 100 million years. Despite their unassuming appearance, seagrasses play a crucial role as one of the planet's most productive ecosystems.
Coral genera of the Western Indian Ocean (2015)David Obura
This slideshow illustrates principal hard coral genera (scleractinia) found in Western Indian Ocean reefs. It is continually updated, and is a work in progress, so excuse some blank pages!
Major Fresh water and Marine Ornamental fishes and Potential for Domestic far...B. BHASKAR
Important fresh water and marine water ornamental aquarium fishes, average economics on setting up of ornamental fish hatchery, proposed unit cost for ornamental fish farming, export potential for Ornamental fish trade
Salas, V. (2024) "John of St. Thomas (Poinsot) on the Science of Sacred Theol...Studia Poinsotiana
I Introduction
II Subalternation and Theology
III Theology and Dogmatic Declarations
IV The Mixed Principles of Theology
V Virtual Revelation: The Unity of Theology
VI Theology as a Natural Science
VII Theology’s Certitude
VIII Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
All the contents are fully attributable to the author, Doctor Victor Salas. Should you wish to get this text republished, get in touch with the author or the editorial committee of the Studia Poinsotiana. Insofar as possible, we will be happy to broker your contact.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
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Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
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3. Ulva
lactuca
COMMENTS
• The common name of Ulva lactuca is Sea lettuce.
• Habitat-On rock and in lower-shore rock pools, and in the shallow
subtidal and widely distributed in the NE Atlantic and N Pacific.
• In Andaman Islands it is found in Chidiyatapu,North bay, Viper
Island
• Ulva lactuca is a thin flat green alga growing from a discoid holdfast
• It may reach 18 centimeters (7.1 in) or more in length
CLASSIFICATION
Division : Chlorophyta
Class : Ulvophyceae
Order : Ulvales
Family : Ulvaceae
Genus : Ulva
Species : lactuca
Ulva lactuca
3
4. Ectocarpus
siliculosus
COMMENTS
• Ectocarpus siliculosus is a filamentous brown algae
• Habitat - Ectocarpus can be found across the globe, in temperate
shorelines growing as epiphytes on other flora (e.g. seagrass, other
alga) or on rocky substrates.
• In Andaman Islands it is found in Chidyatapu, North Bay
• Plant body is filamentous, composed of elongated cells and round
cells and grows up to 2 feet long
• Asexual reproduction in ectocarpus takes place by biflagellate
zoospores
CLASSIFICATION
Phylum : Ochrophyta
Class : Phaeophyceae
Order : Ectocarpales
Family : Ectocarpaceae
Genus : Ectocarpus
Species : siliculosus
Ectocarpus
siliculosus 4
5. Dictyota
dichotoma
COMMENTS
• Dictyota dichotoma is a species of Brown algae found in the temperate
western and eastern Atlantic Ocean
• Habitat-it grow in marine environment only and being found in
the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea, the Red Sea and the Indian Ocean
Ocean
• In Andaman islands it is found in Chidiyatapu and North bay
• It is a membranous, flattened, dichotomously-branching fronds up to
to 25 cm (10 in) long and 10 mm (0.4 in) wide
• It is dioecious, reproduction taking place in the spring and summer
CLASSIFICATION
Phylum : Gyrista
Class : Phaeophyceae
Order : Dictyotales
Family : Dictyotaceae
Genus : Dictyota
Species : dichotoma
Dictyota dichotoma
5
6. Sargassum
cinereum
COMMENTS
• Sargassum cinereum is a carbohydrate-rich and fast-growing brown
seaweed.
• Habitat-it is found in all marine environments and abundantly
available in Gulf of Manner, India.
• In Andaman islands it is found in Chidiyatapu and North bay
• It typically have a highly branched thallus with hollow berrylike floats.
• S. cinereum Ethanolic extract has medical uses as such
as antibacterial,, antifungal antioxidative and radical scavenging
activities CLASSIFICATION
Phylum : Ochrophyta
Class : Phaeophyceae
Order : Fucales
Family : Sargassaceae
Genus : Sargassum
Species : cinereum
Sargassum cinereum
6
7. Gelidium pusillum
COMMENTS
• It is Cartilaginous, purplish or blackish red in color
• Habitat- This is a marine species, on rock forming extensive mat-like
growths and widely distributed in Sidmouth, Devon, England
• In Andaman islands it is found in Chidiyatapu and North bay
• It show turf-forming, plant body is 2-10 mm high , arising from an
extensive creeping base
• Turf formation seen in the upper intertidal, blackish-red color when
slightly dry, and it has extensive rhizoids.
CLASSIFICATION
Phylum : Rhodophyta
Class : Florideophyceae
Order : Gelidiales
Family : Gelidiaceae
Genus : Gelidium
Species : pusillum
Gelidium pusillum 7
8. Acetabularia
jalakanyakae
COMMENTS
• It is a bright green algae with a size as small as 20 to 40 mm.
• Habitat-It is a marine species, shows rocky intertidal habitat in the Andaman
and Nicobar Islands.
• It Named after the imaginary sea mermaid, Acetabularia jalakanyakae is very
primitive and is a single-cell organism.
• It resembles an umbrella shape at the apical tip, measuring 15 to 20 mm in
diameter
• As they have a giant cell it is advantageous for molecular biologists who
study cellular processes
CLASSIFICATION
Division : Chlorophyta
Class : Ulvophyceae
Order : Dasycladales
Family : Polyphysaceae
Genus : Acetabularia
Species : jalakanyakae
Acetabularia
jalakanyakae 8
9. Padina pavonica
COMMENTS
Commonly known as peacock tail.
It is a small brown alga found in the indian ocean, the pacific ocean,
the altantic ocean and the mediterranean sea.
Young fronds are thin, leafty and flat, with entire margins. Older
fronds are thicker, convave, fan shaped or funnel-shaped.
Life cycle of this seaweed includes sexual reproduction and spore-
producing asexual reproduction.
CLASSIFICATION
Phylum : Gyrista
Class : Phaeophyceae
Order : Dictyotales
Family : Dictyotaceae
Genus : Padina
Species : pavonica
Padina pavonica 9
10. Caulerpa peltata
COMMENTS
They possess a stolon with rhizoids which grow downward, anchoring the
plant to the substrate.
The genus is typically found in shallow intertidal zones and can reach up to
depth of 100 meters.
It is common in the aquarium as a nitrate absorber because of its rapid
growth under relatively adverse conditions.
It is mostly found in tropical regions, however its distribution may also
extend up to temperate locations.
In Andaman Islands it is found in very few locations and mainly in North
Andaman and Cambellbay
CLASSIFICATION
Division : Chlorophyta
Class : Ulvophyceae
Order : Bryopsidales
Family : Caulerpaceae
Genus : Caulerpa
Species : peltata
Caulerpa peltata 10
11. Galaxaura
obtusata
COMMENTS
The genus has cosmopolitan distribution. Tropics in general occasionally
in temperate areas. The medulla has a filamentous construction.
Thallus dark red to chalky grey-red, 5-14 cm high subdichotomously
branched and clearly segmented, segments ovoid to elongate, rounded
at both ends.
Reproduction; sexual thalli dioecious
Structure of gametophyte cortex three layered, the inner two layers of
large, colourless cells that may fuse laterally, the outer layer of
pigmented cells.
CLASSIFICATION
Phylum : Rhodophyta
Class : Florideophyceae
Order : Nemaliales
Family : Galaxauraceae
Genus : Galaxaura
Species : obtusata
Galaxaura obtusata
11
12. Enteromorpha
intestinalis
COMMENTS
Commonly known as sea lettuce, the tubular members of the sea lettuce
genus Ulva were placed in the genus Enteromorpha.
It can be found in bering sea near alaska, mediterranean sea and also
found in the shores of the pacific ocean.
The fronds have branches and are completely tubular expanding in width
to mid-thallus, reaching 15cm long or more.
The cells are irregularly arranged and the chloroplast is hood-shaped
and placed to one side generally with one purenoid.
CLASSIFICATION
Phylum : Chlorophyta
Class : Ulvophyceae
Order : Ulvales
Family : Ulvaceae
Genus : Enteromorpha
Species : intestinalis
Enteromorpha
intestinalis 12