Introduction, Structure, Classification, Phylogeny Tree, Key to class, Distribution, Distinguished Characteristics, Key to Brown Algae, Description of Padina minor.

1. CLASSIFICATION OF
SEAWEED :
SYSTEMATIC AND CHARACTERISTICS
KUNAL
17373016
MARINE BIOLOGY
MSc. 1ST YEAR

2.  MACROBENTHIC.
 MULTICELLULAR FORMS OF MARINE ALGAE.
 FOUND FROM INTERTIDAL TO SHALLOW SUBTIDAL ZONES.
 A VARIETY OF HABITATS SUCH AS REEF FLATS, SHELTERED
BAYS AND COVES, AND SOME MAY BE LIMITED TO ROCKY
WAVE-EXPOSED AREAS ALONG THE SHORE OR ON THE
EDGE OF THE REEF.
 SOME BIOLOGISTS PREFER THE NAME MACROALGAE
OR MACROPHYTES DUE TO THEIR SIZE, MULTICELLULAR
CONSTRUCTION, AND ATTACHMENT TO FIRM
SUBSTRATUM.
INTRODUCTION

3. STRUCTURE OF SEAWEEDS
• The seaweed body is called the thallus .
• If most of the thallus is flattened, it may be called a frond or blade.
• The structure attaching the thallus to a surface is the holdfast.
• Some seaweeds have a stem like region, or stipe, between the holdfast and blade.
• Variation in the complexity of these parts of the thallus provides a rich diversity of form .

4. KINGDOM : CHROMISTA
 Seven properties of life: cellular structure, homeostasis, growth, movement, reproduction, response,
and evolution.
 Chromista include secondary phagoheterotrophs (notably ciliates, many dinoflagellates, Opalozoa,
Rhizaria, heliozoans) or walled osmotrophs (Pseudofungi, Labyrinthulea), formerly considered protozoa
or fungi respectively, plus endoparasites (e.g. Sporozoa) and all chromophyte algae (other dinoflagellates,
chromeroids, ochrophytes, haptophytes, cryptophytes).

5. KINGDOM
PHYLUM
(Stramenopiles, Alveolata and Rhizaria)
P
H
Y
L
O
G
E
N
Y
O
F
C
H
R
O
M
I
S
T
A

6. 1. Plant generally green to yellowish green in colour due to the dominance of
chlorophyll; cell wall consisting of a pectic outer layer and an inner cellulose
layer; sometimes calcified; photosynthetic product is starch . . . . . . . . . . .
Chlorophyceae
2. Plant generally brown to pale brown to reddish brown in colour due to the
dominance of xanthophyll pigments; cell wall consisting of cellulose and alginic
acid; photosynthetic product is laminarin and mannitol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . Phaeophyceae
3. Plant generally red to yellowish red to dark greenish red in colour due to the the
dominance of r-phycoerythrin; cell wall consisting of a small amount of cellulose
and gelatinous or amorphous sulphated galactans such as agar, carrageenan,
furcellarin, and others; food reserve is floridian starch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rhodophyceae
KEY TO CLASS
Cladophoropsis spp.
Turbinaria spp.
Gracilaria sp

8. CHLOROPHYCEAE PHAEOPHYCEAE RHODOPHYCEAE
HABITAT MOSTLY
FRESHWATER, SOME
MARINE AND
TERRESTRIAL.
ALMOST ALL MARINE,
RARELY FRESH WATER.
MOSTLY MARINE, SOME
FRESH WATER.
PHOTOSYNTHETIC
PIGMENTS
CHL-A AND B,
CAROTENOIDS.
CHL A AND C AND
CAROTENOIDS,
XANTHOPHYLL,
FUCOXANTHIN.
CHL-A AND D,
CAROTENOIDS,
PHYCOBILINS.
CELL WALL
COMPONENTS
CELLULOSE (Major
component).
CELLULOSE AND
ALGINIC ACID.
CELLULOSE (Major
component).
STORED FOOD STARCH. LAMINARIN, MANNITOL FLORIDEAN STARCH.
EXAMPLE Ulva, Acetabularia. Sargassum, Fucus. Gelidium, Glacilaria ,Padina
DISTINGUISHED CHARACTERISTICS

9. CHLOROPHYCEAE
1.Order ULVALES
A. Family ULVACEAE
2.Order SIPHONOCLADALES
A. Family VALONIACEAE
3.Order BRYOPSIDALES
A. Family CAULERPACEAE
B. Family CODIACEAE
C. Family HALIMEDACEAE
D. Family UDOTEACEAE
4.Order DASYCLADALES
A. Family DASYCLADACEAE
B. Family POLYPHYSACEAE
PHAEOPHYCEAE
1.Order DICTYOTALES
A. Family DICTYOTACEAE
2.Order SCYTOSIPHONALES
A. Family SCYTOSIPHONACEAE
3.Order FUCALES
A. Family SARGASSACEAE
RHODOPHYCEAE
1.Order NEMALIALES
A. Family HELMINTHOCLADIACEAE
2.Order BONNEMAISONIALES
A. Family BONNEMAISONIACEAE
3.Order GELIDIALES
A. Family GELIDIACEAE
4.Order CRYPTONEMIALES
A. Family CRYPTONEMIACEAE
5.Order CORALLINALES
A. Family CORALLINACEAE
6.Order GIGARTINALES
A. Family RHIZOPHYLLIDACEAE
B. Family GRACILARIACEAE
C. Family SOLIERIACEAE
D. Family HYPNEACEAE
7.Order CERAMIALES
A. Family RHODOMELACEAE
CLASSIFICATION OF SEAWEEDS

10. C
H
L
O
R
O
P
H
Y
C
E
A
E

11. P
H
A
E
O
P
H
Y
C
E
A
E
Fucus spp.

12. R
H
O
D
O
P
H
Y
C
E
A
E
Palmaria sp
Chondrus sp

13.  A SINGLE FAMILY : DICTYOTACEAE.
 PANTROPICAL TO WARM TEMPERATE WITH ISOMORPHIC. HAPLODIPLONTIC
LIFE HISTORIES.
 GAMETOPHYTE ARE DIOECIOUS.
 SEXUAL REPRODUCTION IS OOGAMOUS.

15. KINGDOM - Chromista
PHYLUM - Ochrophyta
CLASS - Phaeophyceae
ORDER - Dictyotales
FAMILY - Dictyotaceae
GENUS - Padina
SPECIES - minor
KEYS TO GENERA
 1a.Thallus fan-shaped or composed of strap-shaped blades . . . . . → 2
 1b.Thallus not as above . . . . . . . . . . → 5
 2a.Thallus thin, fan-shaped, slightly calcified (Padina) . . Padina minor
PARENT NAME - Padina Adanson,1763
ORIGINAL NAME - Padina minor Yamada, 1925
FAO name : En - Brown sea fan.
Padina minor

16. DEFINING CHARACTERISTICS:
 Thalli fan-shaped, yellowish brown to light brown or slightly whitish due to light calcification.
 Blade entire or divided into lobes, consisting of 2 layers of cells.
 Lower surface of blade divided into concentric zones by hairlines which are equidistant from each other; non-
indusiate reproductive sori also form concentric lines directly above each hairline.
Size:
Blade up to 10 cm in height.
Habitat, biology, and fisheries:
 Attached to solid substrates on reef flats or in the upper subtidal zone, or epiphytic on large
macrobenthic algae and seagrass.
 Grows on inner reef flats and on tidal pools on the outer portions of reef flats; very abundant
during the sunny months of the year.
A source of algin. (Used as antibiotic, in Flame proof fabrics and plastics, in surgical operations, as
emulsifiers).

17. Distribution:
Widely distributed in the tropics, including the Philippines, Taiwan Province of China, China, Indo-
Malayan Archipelago, southern Japan, Viet Nam, Thailand, Guam, and tropical western Pacific islands.

18. REFERENCES
BOOKS
 Clinton J. Dawes. 1998. Marine Botany. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
 Kent E. Carpenter and Volker H. Niem. 1998. FAO Species identification guide for Fishery Purposes.
The Living Marine Resources Of the Western Central Pacific.
 Peter Castro, Michael E. Huber. 2007. Marine Biology. Tata McGraw-Hill Pub. Co.
WEBSITES
 http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=220791
 https://seanet.stanford.edu/Ochrophyta
 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28875267