Now-a-days glass fiber-reinforced plastics (GFRP) are always applicable in variety of engineering applications.
It is used in aerospace, automotive and aircraft industries due to their well known properties. Milling of GFRP
composite materials is very difficult due to its heterogeneity and the number of troubles like as surface
delamination during machining affects uniqueness of the material and the machining parameters. Present paper
focuses the experimental details to find out delamination factor on GFRP composite laminates by using
Taguchi‟s DOE L9 orthogonal array. The main objective of the present work is to optimize the process
parameters in the drilling of GFRP composite using Taguchi DOE and to find the significance of each process
parameter using ANOVA. As far as the effect of input factors are considered, the factors drilled material and
spindle speed both have nearly predominant influence on the delamination factor of drilled holes on GFRP
composite by using CNC milling process.
“Gray Relational Based Analysis of Al-6351”iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of mechanical and civil engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in mechanical and civil engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
“Gray Relational Based Analysis of Al-6351”iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of mechanical and civil engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in mechanical and civil engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
Effect of MR Fluid Damping during Milling of CFRP LaminatesIJERA Editor
Machining of fiber reinforced composites is an essential activity taken up in order to integrate them with other
components. Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites are difficult to machine owing to the nonhomogeneity
of their constituent materials and abrasive nature. As these materials involve more than one phase,
the variation of cutting forces is rather large, which leads to tool chatter and poor surface finish. Therefore the
proper selection of the tool, process parameters and the ability to control the machining forces would result in
better tolerances and improved surface finish. In this study, multiple slots are machined in CFRP laminates
under different machining conditions of spindle speed, feed and depth of cut. A comparative study is made by
conducting the same set of experiments under the influence of the magneto- rheological (MR) damping in order
to assess the tool deflection. It is observed that the MR fluid damping reduces the tool deflection and thus
improves the quality of machined surfaces.
A Review on Various Approach for Process Parameter Optimization of Burnishing...ijsrd.com
The aim of this paper is review for different optimization methods used for process parameter optimization of roller burnishing process and Taguchi approach used for process parameter optimization for various processes. The quality of burnishing processed parts are highly depends upon various process parameters of burnishing process. Hence optimization of burnishing process parameters is necessary in order to improve the quality of parts. The purpose of this paper is to explore the reviews for various optimization methods used for process parameter optimization of burnishing process and application of Taguchi approach for design of experiments.
ANALYSIS OF PROCESS PARAMETERS IN MILLING OF GLASS FIBRE REINFORCED PLASTIC C...IAEME Publication
Milling is one of the most important machining processes in manufacturing parts made out
of FRPs. Milling is a very versatile process capable of producing simple two dimensional flat
shapes to complex three dimensional interlaced surface configurations, in which a rotating,
multi-tooth cutter removes material while traveling along various axes with respect to the work
piece. However, unlike the milling of metals which is characterized by high material removal
rates, milling of FRPs is conducted at much lower scale. The reason for this is that FRP
components are largely made near net shape and any subsequent milling is limited mainly tode-burring and trimming as well as to achieving contourshapeaccuracy. Milling compositematerials are significantly affected by the tendency of these materials to delaminate under the
action of machining forces, cutting force, feed force and depth force respectively.Quality surface milling of Glass Fibre reinforced Plastic materials present variety ofissues, such milling is one of the foremost oftentimes used material removal processes in
machining of FRPs to produce a well-defined surface finish and has surface delaminationrelated to the characteristics of the material and therefore the cutting parameters used. Thesurface quality and dimensional precision greatly have an effect on the elements throughout
their useful life, especially in cases wherever the elements come in contact with differentelements or materials. Optimization of machining parameters is a necessary step in machining.
This project presents a new approach for optimizing the machining parameters on end millingof glass-fibre reinforced plastic composites. Optimization of machining parameters was doneby Taguchi method in milling experiments were conducted for Glass fibre reinforced plastic
composite plates using solid carbide end mills with various helix angles. The parameters ofmachining such as, Fibre orientation angle, spindle speed, feed rate and helix angle are
Analysis of Process Parameters in Milling of Glass Fibre Reinforced Plastic Composites
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 150 editor@iaeme.com
optimized by multi-response concerns particularly surface roughness and machining force the
optimum levels of parameters have been investigated by using Taguchi method.
Tribologoical Properties of Vinyl Ester Based Hybrid Composite with Tio2, Al2...ijtsrd
Composite materials play a vital role in many industrial applications. Researchers are working on fabrication of new composite materials worldwide to enhance the applicability of these materials. In view of this the mechanical performance of the composite material is essential. The aim of this project is to assist in the main objective of optimizing the quantity of the filler material Al2O3, TiO2 and MoS2. Thus the mechanical properties as well as the wear properties of 7.5 , 10 and 12.5 of the filler material as mentioned above has been investigated to obtain an optimum composition for the application in suitable fields. The purpose of this project is to perform an experimental study of the pin on disc wear of neat Vinyl Ester and Al2O3, TiO2 and MoS2 filler of 7.5 , 10 and 12.5 filled particulate reinforced composites have been investigated along with the subsequent study of the Wear Properties of the material with the intention to contribute to the final aim of optimizing the composition of the composite material. The investigation is carried out by mixing different weight percentages of the powder with the polyester resin and preparing individual samples. After CSM preparation, the materials were properly mixed using the hand-lay techniques and different specimens were prepared with different compositions of the powder. After all the samples were prepared, Wear Testing is done by pin on disc Wear Testing Machine in ASTM-G99 standard using abrasive paper. The load applied 1KN , 2KN and 3KN in this experiment with sliding distances of 353.25m , 706.5 and 1059.75m respectively. Mr. Kuruba Harish | Mr. D. Harshavardhan | Mr. A. Ramesh "Tribologoical Properties of Vinyl Ester Based Hybrid Composite with Tio2, Al2o3 & Mos2 Fillers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21385.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/21385/tribologoical-properties-of-vinyl-ester-based-hybrid-composite-with-tio2-al2o3-and-mos2-fillers/mr-kuruba-harish
Evaluation the Effect of Machining Parameters on MRR of Mild SteelIJSRD
Turning metal removal is the removal of metal outside diameter of a rotating cylindrical workpiece. As it is used to reduce the diameter. of the work piece generally to a specified dimension and to produce a smooth finish on the metal. Often, the work piece is turned so that the sections have different diameters. As is the machining operation that produces cylindrical. In its basic form, it can be defined as an outer surface machining: Based on the findings of the Pilot study, actual experimentation work will be designed and input machining parameters and their values finalized. The results are expected to show that the response variables (output parameters) strongly influenced by the control factors (input parameters). So, the results which are obtained after experimentation analyzed and modeled for their application in manufacturing industry It is concluded that for MRR be maximum factor Cutting speed has to be at high level 3, Feed has to be at high level & D.O.C has to be at high level.
APPLICATION OF GREY RELATIONAL ANALYSIS FOR MULTI VARIABLE OPTIMIZATION OF PR...IAEME Publication
The present work deals with a simple approach which predicts the optimum setting
of process parameters of drilling operation on Polymer Based Glass Fiber (PBGF)
composite. The process parameters selected are drill angle (DA), Drill diameter (DD),
Material Thickness (MT), Speed (N) and Feed (f). The output parameters are Thrust,
Torque, Surface Roughness and Delamination. Three levels of each input parameters
are considered. Taguchi’s L27 array is used to set the process parameters. Gray
relational analysis (GRA) is used to find the optimum value of process parameters.
Conduction of ANOVA on GRA shown the significance of each factor on the process
output. A conformation test conducted revealed that the setting of parameters ensures
optimum output
Process parameter optimization of SLM process and application of Taguchi appr...ijsrd.com
Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is an emerging powder based additive layer manufacturing technology that used to fabricate three-dimensional fully functional parts from metal powders by fusing the material in a layer by layer manner as per a CAD model. The quality of SLM produced parts is significantly affected by various manufacturing parameters of SLM machine. Hence optimization of SLM process parameters is necessary in order to improve the quality of parts. The purpose of this paper is to explore the reviews for various optimization methods used for process parameter optimization of SLM process and application of Taguchi approach. This review of work can be helpful to the other researchers to carry out further work in the same era.
Parametric analysis of GFRP composites in CNC milling machine using Taguchi m...IOSR Journals
Abstract: Milling composite materials is a difficult task due to its heterogeneity and the number of problems,
such as surface delamination, fibre pullout associated with the characteristics of the material and the cutting
parameters that appear during the machining process. Glass Fibre Reinforced Plastics (GFRP) composite is
considered to be an economic alternative to heavy exotic materials. It is widely used in different fields such as
aerospace, oil, automotive and aircraft industries due to their light weight, high modulus, specific strength and
high fracture toughness. In this work, a plan of experiment based on Taguchi’s L27 orthogonal array was
established and milling experiments were conducted with prefixed cutting parameters for GFRP composite
plates using solid carbide end mills. The machining parameters such as, and fibre orientation angle, helix
angle, spindle speed and feed rate are optimized with the objective of minimizing the surface roughness,
machining force and delamination factor. The objective was to establish a correlation between cutting
parameters and responses. The correlation was obtained by multiple-variable linear regression using Minitab
14 software. Analysis of the influences of the entire individual input machining parameters on the responses has
been carried out and significant contribution of parameters is determined by analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Keywords –ANOVA, GFRP composites, L27 orthogonal array, milling, Solid carbide end mill
Currently composites are being used to replace conventional metallic materials in a wide range of industries including aerospace, aircraft and defense which require structural materials with high strength-to-weight and stiffness-to-weight ratios.
GFRP composites are used in fairings, passenger compartments, and storage room doors due to their high mechanical properties. Out of all the machining operations, most commonly used operation is drilling.
But drilling of these composite materials, irrespective of the application area can be considered a critical operation, owing to their tendency to delaminate when subjected to mechanical stresses
Experimental and Analytical Investigation of Drilling of Sandwich Composites:...IOSR Journals
A composite material is made out of a mixture or a combination of two or more distinctly differing
materials which are insoluble in each other and differ in form or chemical composition. The technological and
commercial interest in composite material lies in their superior properties of strength-to-weight, stiffness-toweight,
fatigue and thermal expansion compared to metals. Extensive use of composite in application such as
rockets, satellites, missiles, light combat aircraft, advanced light helicopter and trainer air craft has shown that
India is on par with the advanced countries in the development and use of composites in this area.
Drilling is probably the most important conventional mechanical process and it is the most widely used
machining operation. Prediction of cutting forces for any set of cutting parameters is essential in optimal design
and manufacturing of products. It has been predicted that most of the problem associated with hole making
operation, such as drilling, can be attributed to the force generated during cutting operation. Many
developments and experiments are going on drilling of Sandwich composite for damage free drilling along with
the quality of the hole and the effect of tool geometry and tool material.
This paper aims at the comprehensive analytical and experimental investigation work done on the
composites material. The conclusion of the paper discusses the development and outlines the trends for the
research in this field.
Effect of MR Fluid Damping during Milling of CFRP LaminatesIJERA Editor
Machining of fiber reinforced composites is an essential activity taken up in order to integrate them with other
components. Carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites are difficult to machine owing to the nonhomogeneity
of their constituent materials and abrasive nature. As these materials involve more than one phase,
the variation of cutting forces is rather large, which leads to tool chatter and poor surface finish. Therefore the
proper selection of the tool, process parameters and the ability to control the machining forces would result in
better tolerances and improved surface finish. In this study, multiple slots are machined in CFRP laminates
under different machining conditions of spindle speed, feed and depth of cut. A comparative study is made by
conducting the same set of experiments under the influence of the magneto- rheological (MR) damping in order
to assess the tool deflection. It is observed that the MR fluid damping reduces the tool deflection and thus
improves the quality of machined surfaces.
A Review on Various Approach for Process Parameter Optimization of Burnishing...ijsrd.com
The aim of this paper is review for different optimization methods used for process parameter optimization of roller burnishing process and Taguchi approach used for process parameter optimization for various processes. The quality of burnishing processed parts are highly depends upon various process parameters of burnishing process. Hence optimization of burnishing process parameters is necessary in order to improve the quality of parts. The purpose of this paper is to explore the reviews for various optimization methods used for process parameter optimization of burnishing process and application of Taguchi approach for design of experiments.
ANALYSIS OF PROCESS PARAMETERS IN MILLING OF GLASS FIBRE REINFORCED PLASTIC C...IAEME Publication
Milling is one of the most important machining processes in manufacturing parts made out
of FRPs. Milling is a very versatile process capable of producing simple two dimensional flat
shapes to complex three dimensional interlaced surface configurations, in which a rotating,
multi-tooth cutter removes material while traveling along various axes with respect to the work
piece. However, unlike the milling of metals which is characterized by high material removal
rates, milling of FRPs is conducted at much lower scale. The reason for this is that FRP
components are largely made near net shape and any subsequent milling is limited mainly tode-burring and trimming as well as to achieving contourshapeaccuracy. Milling compositematerials are significantly affected by the tendency of these materials to delaminate under the
action of machining forces, cutting force, feed force and depth force respectively.Quality surface milling of Glass Fibre reinforced Plastic materials present variety ofissues, such milling is one of the foremost oftentimes used material removal processes in
machining of FRPs to produce a well-defined surface finish and has surface delaminationrelated to the characteristics of the material and therefore the cutting parameters used. Thesurface quality and dimensional precision greatly have an effect on the elements throughout
their useful life, especially in cases wherever the elements come in contact with differentelements or materials. Optimization of machining parameters is a necessary step in machining.
This project presents a new approach for optimizing the machining parameters on end millingof glass-fibre reinforced plastic composites. Optimization of machining parameters was doneby Taguchi method in milling experiments were conducted for Glass fibre reinforced plastic
composite plates using solid carbide end mills with various helix angles. The parameters ofmachining such as, Fibre orientation angle, spindle speed, feed rate and helix angle are
Analysis of Process Parameters in Milling of Glass Fibre Reinforced Plastic Composites
http://www.iaeme.com/IJMET/index.asp 150 editor@iaeme.com
optimized by multi-response concerns particularly surface roughness and machining force the
optimum levels of parameters have been investigated by using Taguchi method.
Tribologoical Properties of Vinyl Ester Based Hybrid Composite with Tio2, Al2...ijtsrd
Composite materials play a vital role in many industrial applications. Researchers are working on fabrication of new composite materials worldwide to enhance the applicability of these materials. In view of this the mechanical performance of the composite material is essential. The aim of this project is to assist in the main objective of optimizing the quantity of the filler material Al2O3, TiO2 and MoS2. Thus the mechanical properties as well as the wear properties of 7.5 , 10 and 12.5 of the filler material as mentioned above has been investigated to obtain an optimum composition for the application in suitable fields. The purpose of this project is to perform an experimental study of the pin on disc wear of neat Vinyl Ester and Al2O3, TiO2 and MoS2 filler of 7.5 , 10 and 12.5 filled particulate reinforced composites have been investigated along with the subsequent study of the Wear Properties of the material with the intention to contribute to the final aim of optimizing the composition of the composite material. The investigation is carried out by mixing different weight percentages of the powder with the polyester resin and preparing individual samples. After CSM preparation, the materials were properly mixed using the hand-lay techniques and different specimens were prepared with different compositions of the powder. After all the samples were prepared, Wear Testing is done by pin on disc Wear Testing Machine in ASTM-G99 standard using abrasive paper. The load applied 1KN , 2KN and 3KN in this experiment with sliding distances of 353.25m , 706.5 and 1059.75m respectively. Mr. Kuruba Harish | Mr. D. Harshavardhan | Mr. A. Ramesh "Tribologoical Properties of Vinyl Ester Based Hybrid Composite with Tio2, Al2o3 & Mos2 Fillers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21385.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/21385/tribologoical-properties-of-vinyl-ester-based-hybrid-composite-with-tio2-al2o3-and-mos2-fillers/mr-kuruba-harish
Evaluation the Effect of Machining Parameters on MRR of Mild SteelIJSRD
Turning metal removal is the removal of metal outside diameter of a rotating cylindrical workpiece. As it is used to reduce the diameter. of the work piece generally to a specified dimension and to produce a smooth finish on the metal. Often, the work piece is turned so that the sections have different diameters. As is the machining operation that produces cylindrical. In its basic form, it can be defined as an outer surface machining: Based on the findings of the Pilot study, actual experimentation work will be designed and input machining parameters and their values finalized. The results are expected to show that the response variables (output parameters) strongly influenced by the control factors (input parameters). So, the results which are obtained after experimentation analyzed and modeled for their application in manufacturing industry It is concluded that for MRR be maximum factor Cutting speed has to be at high level 3, Feed has to be at high level & D.O.C has to be at high level.
APPLICATION OF GREY RELATIONAL ANALYSIS FOR MULTI VARIABLE OPTIMIZATION OF PR...IAEME Publication
The present work deals with a simple approach which predicts the optimum setting
of process parameters of drilling operation on Polymer Based Glass Fiber (PBGF)
composite. The process parameters selected are drill angle (DA), Drill diameter (DD),
Material Thickness (MT), Speed (N) and Feed (f). The output parameters are Thrust,
Torque, Surface Roughness and Delamination. Three levels of each input parameters
are considered. Taguchi’s L27 array is used to set the process parameters. Gray
relational analysis (GRA) is used to find the optimum value of process parameters.
Conduction of ANOVA on GRA shown the significance of each factor on the process
output. A conformation test conducted revealed that the setting of parameters ensures
optimum output
Process parameter optimization of SLM process and application of Taguchi appr...ijsrd.com
Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is an emerging powder based additive layer manufacturing technology that used to fabricate three-dimensional fully functional parts from metal powders by fusing the material in a layer by layer manner as per a CAD model. The quality of SLM produced parts is significantly affected by various manufacturing parameters of SLM machine. Hence optimization of SLM process parameters is necessary in order to improve the quality of parts. The purpose of this paper is to explore the reviews for various optimization methods used for process parameter optimization of SLM process and application of Taguchi approach. This review of work can be helpful to the other researchers to carry out further work in the same era.
Parametric analysis of GFRP composites in CNC milling machine using Taguchi m...IOSR Journals
Abstract: Milling composite materials is a difficult task due to its heterogeneity and the number of problems,
such as surface delamination, fibre pullout associated with the characteristics of the material and the cutting
parameters that appear during the machining process. Glass Fibre Reinforced Plastics (GFRP) composite is
considered to be an economic alternative to heavy exotic materials. It is widely used in different fields such as
aerospace, oil, automotive and aircraft industries due to their light weight, high modulus, specific strength and
high fracture toughness. In this work, a plan of experiment based on Taguchi’s L27 orthogonal array was
established and milling experiments were conducted with prefixed cutting parameters for GFRP composite
plates using solid carbide end mills. The machining parameters such as, and fibre orientation angle, helix
angle, spindle speed and feed rate are optimized with the objective of minimizing the surface roughness,
machining force and delamination factor. The objective was to establish a correlation between cutting
parameters and responses. The correlation was obtained by multiple-variable linear regression using Minitab
14 software. Analysis of the influences of the entire individual input machining parameters on the responses has
been carried out and significant contribution of parameters is determined by analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Keywords –ANOVA, GFRP composites, L27 orthogonal array, milling, Solid carbide end mill
Currently composites are being used to replace conventional metallic materials in a wide range of industries including aerospace, aircraft and defense which require structural materials with high strength-to-weight and stiffness-to-weight ratios.
GFRP composites are used in fairings, passenger compartments, and storage room doors due to their high mechanical properties. Out of all the machining operations, most commonly used operation is drilling.
But drilling of these composite materials, irrespective of the application area can be considered a critical operation, owing to their tendency to delaminate when subjected to mechanical stresses
Experimental and Analytical Investigation of Drilling of Sandwich Composites:...IOSR Journals
A composite material is made out of a mixture or a combination of two or more distinctly differing
materials which are insoluble in each other and differ in form or chemical composition. The technological and
commercial interest in composite material lies in their superior properties of strength-to-weight, stiffness-toweight,
fatigue and thermal expansion compared to metals. Extensive use of composite in application such as
rockets, satellites, missiles, light combat aircraft, advanced light helicopter and trainer air craft has shown that
India is on par with the advanced countries in the development and use of composites in this area.
Drilling is probably the most important conventional mechanical process and it is the most widely used
machining operation. Prediction of cutting forces for any set of cutting parameters is essential in optimal design
and manufacturing of products. It has been predicted that most of the problem associated with hole making
operation, such as drilling, can be attributed to the force generated during cutting operation. Many
developments and experiments are going on drilling of Sandwich composite for damage free drilling along with
the quality of the hole and the effect of tool geometry and tool material.
This paper aims at the comprehensive analytical and experimental investigation work done on the
composites material. The conclusion of the paper discusses the development and outlines the trends for the
research in this field.
Experimental Investigation and Parametric Studies of Surface Roughness Analys...IJMER
The modern machining industries are focused on achieving high quality, in terms of
part/component accuracy, surface finish, high production rate and increase in product life. Surface
roughness of machined components has received serious attention of researchers for many years. It has
been an important design feature and quality measure in machining process. There are a large number of
parameters which affect the surface roughness. The typical controllable parameters for the CNC machines
include cutting tool variables, work piece material variables, cutting conditions etc. The desired output is
surface roughness, material removal rate, tool wear, etc. Optimization of machining parameters needs to
determine the most significant parameter for required output. Many techniques are used for optimization
of machining parameters including Taguchi, RSM and ANOVA approach to determine most significant
parameter.
The present work is therefore in a direction to integrate effect of various parameters which affect
the surface roughness. This paper investigates the parameters affecting the surface roughness and / or
material removal rate with CNC turning process studied by researchers. It also discusses some other
parameters such as cutting force and power consumption in different conditions.
ER Publication,
IJETR, IJMCTR,
Journals,
International Journals,
High Impact Journals,
Monthly Journal,
Good quality Journals,
Research,
Research Papers,
Research Article,
Free Journals, Open access Journals,
erpublication.org,
Engineering Journal,
Science Journals,
Determining the Influence of Various Cutting Parameters on Surface Roughness ...IOSR Journals
The purpose of this experimental investigation was to analyse the effect of controlled cutting
parameters namely cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut, cutting fluid concentration and two cutting fluids with
different base oils on surface roughness (Ra) of EN8 or AISI 1040 steel during turning operation by applying
design of experiments, custom design method, analysis of variance, leverage plots and desirability profiling
using JMP software to optimize surface roughness during wet CNC turning operation. The analysis reveals that
feed rate has the most significant effect on surface roughness (Ra) and value of surface roughness does not
significantly differ for two different cutting fluids used.
PARAMETERS OF FRICTION STIR PROCESSING ALONG WITH REINFORCEMENT OF COMPOSITIO...Journal For Research
Friction stir processing (FSP) is a novel technique used for the enhancing the mechanical and metallurgical properties of the material and also to make composites of the material. In this study, an attempt is made to synthesize the composites of AA6063 and tungsten carbide particles with 5 µm particle size were added reinforcement. The tool shoulder is varied from 16 mm to 20 mm. The other parameters such as tool rotational speed of 1400 rpm and transverse speed of 50 mm/min are kept constant. The friction stir processing tool is made of high chromium high carbon steel with a pin length of 4 mm and pin diameter of 6 mm is used. The 18 mm shoulder diameter produces much finer grain size with tungsten carbide reinforced particles rather than the tools having shoulder 16 mm and 20 mm diameter. The maximum tensile strength and micro hardness achieved is 260 N/mm2 and 135 Hv respectively. In case of the tool having 16 mm diameter produces less amount of heat due to lesser contact with the workpiece material and the tool having 20 mm diameter, over heat the workpiece material due to more contact area with the workpiece and causes no proper plastization and flow of the material within the processed zone by friction stir processing and produces courser grain size.
Experimental Investigation and Parametric Studies of Surface Roughness Analy...IJMER
The modern machining industries are focused on achieving high quality, in terms of part/component accuracy, surface finish, high production rate and increase in product life. Surface roughness of machined components has received serious attention of researchers for many years. It has
been an important design feature and quality measure in machining process. There are a large number of
parameters which affect the surface roughness. The typical controllable parameters for the CNC machines
include cutting tool variables, work piece material variables, cutting conditions etc. The desired output is
surface roughness, material removal rate, tool wear, etc. Optimization of machining parameters needs to
determine the most significant parameter for required output. Many techniques are used for optimization
of machining parameters including Taguchi, RSM and ANOVA approach to determine most significant
parameter. The present work is therefore in a direction to integrate effect of various parameters which affect
the surface roughness. This paper investigates the parameters affecting the surface roughness and / or
material removal rate with CNC turning process studied by researchers. It also discusses some other parameters such as cutting force and power consumption in different conditions
EFFECT OF NOSE RADIUS ON SURFACE ROUGHNESS DURING CNC TURNING USING RESPONSE ...ijmech
The work and study presented in this paper aims to investigate the effect of nose radius on surface
roughness, in CNC turning of Aluminium (6061) in dry condition. The effect of cutting conditions (speed,
feed and depth of cut) and tool geometry (nose radius) on surface roughness were studied and analysed.
Design of Experiments (DOE) were conducted for the analysis of the influence of the turning parameter on
the surface roughness by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and then followed by optimization of
the results using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to minimize surface roughness. The nose radius was
identified as the most significant parameter. Surface roughness value decreased with increase in nose
radius.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
CW RADAR, FMCW RADAR, FMCW ALTIMETER, AND THEIR PARAMETERSveerababupersonal22
It consists of cw radar and fmcw radar ,range measurement,if amplifier and fmcw altimeterThe CW radar operates using continuous wave transmission, while the FMCW radar employs frequency-modulated continuous wave technology. Range measurement is a crucial aspect of radar systems, providing information about the distance to a target. The IF amplifier plays a key role in signal processing, amplifying intermediate frequency signals for further analysis. The FMCW altimeter utilizes frequency-modulated continuous wave technology to accurately measure altitude above a reference point.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Study of Surface Roughness Characteristics of Drilled Hole in Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic (GFRP) by CNC Milling
1. Shubham. S. Dabhade Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 6, Issue 2, (Part - 1) February 2016, pp.34-38
www.ijera.com 34 | P a g e
Study of Surface Roughness Characteristics of Drilled Hole in
Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastic (GFRP) by CNC Milling
Shubham. S. Dabhade*
*(Department of Mechanical Engineering, MIT College Of Engineering, Pune University, Pune-38)
ABSTRACT
Now-a-days glass fiber-reinforced plastics (GFRP) are always applicable in variety of engineering applications.
It is used in aerospace, automotive and aircraft industries due to their well known properties. Milling of GFRP
composite materials is very difficult due to its heterogeneity and the number of troubles like as surface
delamination during machining affects uniqueness of the material and the machining parameters. Present paper
focuses the experimental details to find out delamination factor on GFRP composite laminates by using
Taguchi‟s DOE L9 orthogonal array. The main objective of the present work is to optimize the process
parameters in the drilling of GFRP composite using Taguchi DOE and to find the significance of each process
parameter using ANOVA. As far as the effect of input factors are considered, the factors drilled material and
spindle speed both have nearly predominant influence on the delamination factor of drilled holes on GFRP
composite by using CNC milling process.
Keywords: ANOVA, CNC Milling, GFRP Composite, Surface Roughness, Taguchi DOE.
I. INTRODUCTION
Milling is the common frequently used
machining operation in manufacturing parts of fiber
reinforced plastics, because components made of
composites are commonly produced by netshape
components that often require the removal of excess
material to control tolerances, and milling is used as a
curative operation to produce well-defined and high
quality surfaces.
Now a day, glass fibre-reinforced plastics
(GFRP) are being widely used in variety of
engineering applications in many different fields such
as aerospace, automotive and aircraft industries due
to their light weight, high modulus, high specific
strength and high fracture toughness. Much of the
literature reported on milling of GFRP material by
conventional tools has shown that the quality of the
cut surface especially drilled hole is strongly
dependent on the cutting parameters, tool geometry,
tool material, work piece material, machining
process, etc.
Milling of GFRP composite materials is a rather
complex task owing to its heterogeneity and the
number of problems, such as surface roughness and
delamination of drilled hole, which appear during the
machining process, associated with the characteristics
of the material and the cutting parameters. An
improper selection of these parameters can lead to
unacceptable material degradation, such as fiber pull
out, matrix cratering, thermal damage and
widespread delamination.The main objective of the
present work is to optimize the process parameters in
the drilling of GFRP composite using Taguchi DOE
and to find the significance of each process parameter
using ANOVA. In the present work, statistical
analysis software MINITAB 16 is used to perform
the Taguchi and ANOVA analysis. Taguchi design
with L9 orthogonal array is employed. The response
variable chosen is surface roughness of the drilled
GFRP components. For measuring machined surface
characteristics contact measurement technique is
considered. The main objective of the work is to find
out roughness of drilled GFRP substrate‟s hole.
Following paragraphs shows some of the recent key
publications on machining of GFRP.
II. LITERATURE REVIEW
P. Praveen Raj et al. (2010) studied the surface
roughness, precision and delamination factor in use
of Ti-Namite carbide K10 end mill, Solid carbide
K10 end mill and Tipped Carbide K10 end mill. A
plan of experiment based on Taguchi was established
with prefixed cutting parameters and the machining
was performed [3]. Author examined that the depth
of cut are recognized to make the most significant
contribution to the overall performance as compared
to cutting velocity and feed rate. The factors which
lead to the surface delamination existing in milling
carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) with PCD tool
have been studied by Yong Guo Wang et al. (2011)
[4]. The surface delamination is summarized by
analyzing the experiment results based on studying
cutting velocity and cutting feed. Experimental
results show that the increasing cutting feed leads to
the increment of cutting force which in turn causes
the increasing delamination of CFRP materials. B.
Ramesh et al. (2012) examined a non-laminated
GFRP composite manufactured by pultrusion process
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS
2. Shubham. S. Dabhade Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 6, Issue 2, (Part - 1) February 2016, pp.34-38
www.ijera.com 35 | P a g e
was drilled with coated cemented carbide drill [5].
The thrust force and torque during drilling examined
by piezoelectric dynamometer. Taguchi‟s OA and
analysis of variance (ANOVA) were employed to
study the influence of process parameters such as
feed and spindle speed on the force and torque.
M. P. Jenarthanan et al. (2013) used Taguchi‟s L27
orthogonal array, milling experiments were
conducted for GFRP composite plates using solid
carbide end mills with different helix angles [6]. The
machining parameters such as, spindle speed, feed
rate, helix angle and fibre orientation angle are
optimized by multi-response considerations namely
surface roughness, delamination factor and
machining force. N. Naresh et al. (2013) conducted
an experiment by using Taguchi‟s L27 orthogonal
array on milling with prefixed cutting parameters for
GFRP composite plates using solid carbide end mills
[7]. The machining parameters such as, and fibre
orientation angle, helix angle, spindle speed and feed
rate are optimized with the objective of minimizing
the surface roughness, machining force and
delamination factor. GDilli Bab et al. (2013) used
Taguchi techniques and on the analysis of variance
(ANOVA), was established considering milling with
prefixed cutting parameters in Natural Fiber-
Reinforced Plastic (NFRP) composite materials using
cemented carbide end mill [8]. The results of NFRP
composite were compared with Glass Fiber-
Reinforced Plastic (GFRP) composites. Xuda Qin et
al. (2014) conducted a full factor experimental
design, helical milling experiments were performed
by using a special cutter. Using the data obtained
from the experiments, the correlation between the
delamination and the process parameters was
established by developing an artificial neural network
(ANN) model [9]. Vinod Kumar Vankanti et al.
(2014) carried out experiment as per the Taguchi
experimental design and an L9 orthogonal array was
used to study the influence of various combinations
of process parameters on hole quality [10]. Analysis
of variance (ANOVA) test was conducted to
determine the significance of each process parameter
on drilling.
III. EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS
3.1 Experimental plan
For conducting the experiments Taguchi L9 (34
)
array is selected. In this array, the numbers of factors
are 4 and the numbers of levels are 3. However total
numbers of runs are 9. Therefore, numbers of factor
selected for the experiments are feed rate (100-140-
180mm/min), spindle speed (600-800-1000 rpm),
diameter of drill (9-9.5-11.5 mm) and drill material
(HSS.M2-HSS.M42-Carbide). Table (1) shows the
actual experimental run with L9 orthogonal array and
Table (2) shows the input parameters and their setting
for experiment. Roughness (Ra) of drilled hole is
selected as a response variable for the experiment.
Table (1):- Actual experimental design
Table (2):- Input parameters and their levels of
setting for experiment
3.2 Tooling measurements
The preparation of the experiment started with
the cutting of nine work pieces to the required size
from a plate of GFRP. These GFRP work pieces are
exactly made to size 57 mm X 57 mm X 5 mm. A
Vertical Milling Centre (VMC-1260) is used for
machining purpose having 12KgF maximum load
table capacity. The GFRP workpiece is hold by vice
as shown in Fig. (1). Initially a centre drill was made
so as to ensure accurate drilling of GFRP workpiece.
Then according to L9 orthogonal array a drilling is
conducted in each workpiece. After drilling the
workpiece is unclamped from vice and then it was
dried by a pressurised air nozzle. Each drilled
workpiece is covered by a plastic sticky paper for
protecting hole by dust and swarf.
Fig (1): Closed view photograph of experimental set
up
Parameters
Settings
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Drill Material HSS.M2 HSS.M42 Carbide
Feed Rate (mm/min) 100 140 180
Spindle Speed (rpm) 600 800 1000
Drill Diameter (mm) 9 9.5 11.5
Expt.
Runs
Drill
Diameter
(mm)
Spindle
Speed
(rpm)
Feed Rate
(mm/min)
Drill
Material
1 9 600 100 HSS.M2
2 9 800 140 HSS.M42
3 9 1000 180 Carbide
4 9.5 600 140 Carbide
5 9.5 800 180 HSS.M2
6 9.5 1000 100 HSS.M42
7 11.5 600 180 HSS.M42
8 11.5 800 100 Carbide
9 11.5 1000 140 HSS.M2
3. Shubham. S. Dabhade Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 6, Issue 2, (Part - 1) February 2016, pp.34-38
www.ijera.com 36 | P a g e
A roughness tester shown in Fig. 2. made by
Strumentazione, Japan Model RT10G having LC
0.001 μm is used to find out Roughness value (Ra) of
each drilled hole. The probe may be turned by 90º to
persist the measurements in the grooves between
shoulders. On the integrated display, which is
shielded by a protective membrane, the roughness
parameter can be read easily. In this machine up to 30
readings can be save to ensure mobility. The tester
delivered with the skidded pickup SM-SB10, V-
block, roughness master.
Fig (2): Set up of measuring surface roughness of
drilled hole in GFRP by roughness tester
3.3 Results and discussions
The experiment is performed according to
Taguchi L9 orthogonal array. Based on the
experimental work, the results were analyzed and are
presented in this section. The analysis is conducted to
determine the significant factors influencing output
variables using statistical software named as „Minitab
R-16‟. An analysis is done to predict the response
variable for the unknown value of the input factors.
Table (3):- ANOVA for roughness value (Ra) of
drilled GFRP
Table (4):- Results of Roughness values of drilled holes in GFRP (Ra)
The main effects plots for roughness values
(ANOM) and the table of analysis of variance
(ANOVA) are shown in Fig. 3 and its roughness
value from Table (4) respectively. It is observed from
the ANOVA that none of the factors show statistical
significance on roughness of drilled hole at 95%
confidence level as the P-value in the ANOVA for
any input variable is not less than 0.05.
But among the selected parameters the drill
diameter shows statistical significance at 95 % C.I.
The percentage contribution of the input variables
influencing the roughness is drill diameter: 57.40 %,
spindle speed: 12.90 %, feed rate: 7.76 % and drill
material: 21.92 % showing the higher impact of drill
diameter on the roughness of drilled hole. The effect
of each input factors on the roughness is presented
using ANOM plots.
3.3.1 Effect of drill material on roughness of
drilled hole
In CNC milling operation drill material shows a
linear effect on the roughness of drilled hole. From
the main effect plot it is shown that the roughness
value is minimum up to 1.5, when carbide material is
used. However, for HSS M42 material roughness is
nearly as 1.82 and for HSS M2 material, roughness is
about highest as 2.5. In dry drilling, tool material is
having higher impact on drilled surface quality due to
the material behavior changes in machining with
different drill materials.
3.3.2 Effect of feed rate on roughness of drilled
hole
In CNC milling operation feed rate shows a non
linear effect on the roughness of drilled hole in
GFRP. From the MEP‟s it is shown that the
roughness is maximum up to 2.4, when feed rate is
100 mm/min. However, for feed rate 140 mm/min
roughness is quiet minimum, it is about 1.42 and for
feed rate of 180 mm/min roughness is again
increased about 1.5. It is observed that when the feed
rate is high a sudden temperature rise in between tool
and chip interface on account of higher friction. In
this case burned black chips are generated while
machining. Lower feed rates gives a better drilled
hole quality on GFRP material.
3.3.3 Effect of spindle speed on roughness of
drilled hole
It is observed from the main effect plot that
spindle speed also shows a non linear effect on
drilled GFRP substrates. At lower spindle speed i.e.
at 600 rpm the roughness is at 1.7. When the spindle
speed increases up to 800 rpm, the roughness value is
increases up to 2.2. However, next step of spindle
speed increment the roughness value suddenly
dropped up to 1.5 as in Fig(3).
Source DF SS MS F p %Contri
Drill
diameter
2 3.475 1.740 2.17 0.195 57.4
Spindle
speed
2 0.781 0.25 0.19 0.830 12.9
Feed
rate
2 0.47 0.83 0.76 0.509 7.76
Drill
material
2 1.327 1.320 1.40 0.317 21.92
Error 0 0 - - - -
Total 8 6.053 - - - -
Substrate no. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Ra Values (µm) 2.855 1.667 0.458 1.602 3.364 3.054 0.865 1.431 1.250
4. Shubham. S. Dabhade Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 6, Issue 2, (Part - 1) February 2016, pp.34-38
www.ijera.com 37 | P a g e
Spindle Speed
FeedRate
1000900800700600
180
170
160
150
140
130
120
110
100
>
–
–
–
–
–
< 0.5
0.5 1.0
1.0 1.5
1.5 2.0
2.0 2.5
2.5 3.0
3.0
Ra Value
Contour Plot of Ra Value vs Feed Rate, Spindle Speed
Fig (3): Contour plot of surface roughness vs feed
rate and spindle speed
3.3.4 Effect of drill diameter on roughness of
drilled hole
It is observed from the main effect plot that drill
diameter shows a non linear effect on drilled GFRP
substrates. For drill diameter 11.5 mm the roughness
is minimum up to 1.15. However, for drill diameter
9.5 mm the roughness is high up to 2.7 and for drill
diameter 9.0 it is up to 1.6. It is seen that as the drill
diameter increases it plays a crucial role in
maintaining the quality of drilled hole in GFRP
substrates. The effect of all parameters is show in fig
(4).
Fig (4): Main effect plot for surface roughness in CNC milling of GFRP
IV. CONCLUSIONS
The present work includes the extensive
experimental analysis of CNC milling processes to
understand the ability of the process with effective
cutting parameters to generate high degree of drilled
holes on GFRP composite. From the experimental
results and subsequent Taguchi‟s analysis some of
the major conclusions can be deduced from the study.
As far as the effect of input factors are considered,
the factors drill diameter and drill material both have
nearly predominant influence on the surface
roughness of drilled holes on GFRP composite. It is
seen that minimum roughness value observed as
0.458 μm in this experiment. Also the drill material
of carbide with bigger diameter drills gives the
gooddrilled hole quality in the GFRP composite.
V. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am are grateful to Prof. Dr. S. B. Barve (Head
of Dept.), Prof. Dr. R. V. Pujeri (Vice Principal) and
Prof. Dr. Mangesh Karad (Executive Director
MITCOE, Pune).Also thankful to Accurate
Engineering Co. Pvt. Ltd., Nashik for providing the
measurement facility for the study.
REFERENCES
[1] Hocheng H, Tsao CC, “Comprehensive
analysis of delamination in drilling of
composite materials with various drill bits”,
Journal of Material Processing Technology
2003, pp 335–9.
[2] C.C. Tsaoa, H. Hocheng, “Evaluation of
thrust force and surface roughness in drilling
composite material using Taguchi analysis
5. Shubham. S. Dabhade Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 6, Issue 2, (Part - 1) February 2016, pp.34-38
www.ijera.com 38 | P a g e
and neural network”, Journal of materials
processing technology 203 (2008), pp 342–
348.
[3] P. Praveen Raj, and A. Elaya Perumal, “
Taguchi Analysis of surface roughness and
delamination associated with various
cemented carbide K10 end mills in milling
of GFRP”, Journal of Engineering Science
and Technology Review, 3, 2010, pp 58-64.
[4] Yong Guo Wang, Chang Yu Sun, Xiang
Ping Yan, Ke Ren Jiang, “Study on the
Surface Delamination in Milling Carbon
Fiber Reinforced Plastic with PCD Tool”,
Advanced Materials Research, Vol 31, No.
2011, pp 1-5.
[5] B. Ramesh, A.Elayaperumal, A. Joeprasad,
R. Raja Ramnath, “Experimental
Investigation And Statistical Analysis
For Surface Finish And Ovality In Dry
Drilling Of Nonlaminated GFRP Polymeric
Composites Using Twist Drill”, Int Journal
of Science and Engg. Applications, Vol. 1,
Issue 2, 2012, pp 120-126.
[6] M. P. Jenarthanan, R. Jeyapaul,
“Optimisation of machining parameters on
milling of GFRP composites by desirability
function analysis using Taguchi method”,
International Journal of Engineering,
Science and Technology, vol. 5, No.4, 2013,
pp 23-36.
[7] N. Naresh, K. Rajasekhar, P. Vijaya
Bhaskara Reddy, “Parametric analysis of
GFRP composites in CNC milling machine
using Taguchi method”, IOSR Journal of
Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-
JMCE), e-ISSN: 2278-1684, Vol 6, Issue 1
(Mar. - Apr. 2013), pp 102-111.
[8] G Dilli Bab, K. Sivaji Babu, and B. Uma
Maheswar Gowd, “Effect of Machining
Parameters on Milled Natural Fiber-
Reinforced Plastic Composites”, Journal of
Advanced Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 1,
2013, pp 1-12.
[9] Xuda Qin, Bin Wang, Guofeng Wang, Hao
Li, Yuedong Jiang, Xinpei Zhang,
“Delamination analysis of the helical milling
of carbon fiber-reinforced plastics by using
the artificial neural network model”, Journal
of Mechanical Science and Technology,
February 2014, Volume 28, Issue 2, pp 713-
719.
[10] Vinod Kumar Vankanti and Venkateswarlu
Ganta, “Optimization of process parameters
in drilling of GFR Pcomposite using
Taguchi method”, Journal of Materials
Research and Technology, Volume 3, Issue
1, January and March 2014,pp 35-41.