This document discusses the development of science in various parts of the world. It provides details on important scientific contributions and discoveries from early civilizations in Mesoamerica like the Maya, Inca, and Aztec. It also discusses developments in science in Asia, focusing on India, China, and their contributions in fields like astronomy, medicine, and technology. The document then covers the Middle East and contributions from Muslim scientists. Finally, it summarizes some of the advancements made by ancient Egyptian civilization in astronomy, mathematics and medicine as well as African calendars.
Intellectual Revolutions that Defined Society.pptxCamilaSoriano6
The term "Intellectual Revolution" is used to refer to Greek speculation about the "nature" in the period before Socrates (roughly 600 to 400 BCE). Hence, the alternative, technical terms are "pre-Socratic" "non-theological" or "first philosophy".
Science and technology studies, or science, technology and society studies (STS) is the study of how society, politics, and culture affect scientific research and technological innovation, and how these, in turn, affect society, politics and culture.
Science and technology studies, or science, technology and society studies (STS) is the study of how society, politics, and culture affect scientific research and technological innovation, and how these, in turn, affect society, politics and culture.
This power point discusses the origins of early man and his migration. It incorporates a few YouTube videos and talking points to enhance additional data on the slides.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Intellectual Revolutions that Defined Society.pptxCamilaSoriano6
The term "Intellectual Revolution" is used to refer to Greek speculation about the "nature" in the period before Socrates (roughly 600 to 400 BCE). Hence, the alternative, technical terms are "pre-Socratic" "non-theological" or "first philosophy".
Science and technology studies, or science, technology and society studies (STS) is the study of how society, politics, and culture affect scientific research and technological innovation, and how these, in turn, affect society, politics and culture.
Science and technology studies, or science, technology and society studies (STS) is the study of how society, politics, and culture affect scientific research and technological innovation, and how these, in turn, affect society, politics and culture.
This power point discusses the origins of early man and his migration. It incorporates a few YouTube videos and talking points to enhance additional data on the slides.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2. Discuss how the ideas
postulated by Copernicus,
Darwin, and Freud
contributed to the spark
of scientific revolution
and;
Analyze how scientific
revolution is done in
various parts of the world
like in Latin America,
East Asia, Middle East,
and Africa.
2
INTELLECTUAL REVOLUTIONS THAT
DEFINED SOCIETY
L
E
S
S
O
N
1
LESSON OBJECTIVES:
4. SCIENCE IS AS OLD AS THE
WORLD ITSELF. FROM THE
GENESIS OF TIME, SCIENCE
HAS EXISTED. IT IS ALWAYS
INTERWOVEN WITH THE
SOCIETY.
4
S
C
I
E
N
T
I
F
I
C
R
E
V
O
L
U
T
I
O
N
5. “
5
S
C
I
E
N
C
E
D
E
F
I
N
E
D
A
S:
SCIENCE AS AN IDEA. IT
INCLUDES THEORIES, IDEAS, AND
ALL AVAILABLE SYSTEMATIC
EXPLANATIONS AND
OBSERVATIONS ABOUT THE
NATURAL AND PHYSICAL
WORLD.
SCIENCE AS AN INTELLECTUAL
ACTIVITY. IT ENCOMPASSES A
SYSTEMATIC AN PRATICAL STUDY OF
THE NATURAL AND PHYSICAL WORLD.
THIS PROCESS OF STUDY INVOLVES
SYSTEMATIC OBSERVATION AND
EXPERIMENTATION.
SCIENCE AS A BODY OF
KNOWLEDGE. IT IS A SUBJECT OR A
DISCIPLINE, A FIELD OF STUDY, OR A
BODY OF KNOWLEDGE THAT DEALS
WITH THE PROCESS OF LEARNING
ABOUT THE NATURAL AND PHYSICAL
WORLD. THIS IS WHAT WE REFER TO
AS SCHOOL SCIENCE.
SCIENCE AS A PERSONAL AND
SOCIAL ACTIVITY. THIS
EXPLAINS THAT SCIENCE IS
BOTH KNOWLEDGE AND
ACTIVITIES DONE BY HUMAN
BEINGS TO DEVELOP
UNDERSTANDING OF THE
WORLD AROUND THEM.
6. S
C
I
E
N
T
I
F
I
C
R
E
V
O
L
U
T
I
O
N 6
IT WAS THE PERIOD OF ENLIGHTENMENT WHEN THE
DEVELOPMENTS IN THE FIELDS OF MATHEMATICS, PHYSICS,
ASTRONOMY, BIOLOGY, AND CHEMISTRY TRANSFORMED THE
VIEWS OF SOCIETY ABOUT NATURE.
VARIABLES THAT INFLUECE THE
DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IDEAS, SCIENCE
DISCOVERIES, AND TECHNOLOGY
7. 7
THREE NOTABLE SCIENTISTS
NICOLAUS
COPERNICUS
- HE WANTED A
MODEL OF UNIVERSE
IN WHICH
EVERYTHING MOVED
AROUND A SINGLE
CENTER AT
UNVARYING RATES.
CHARLES DARWIN
-IS FAMOUS FOR HIS
THEORY OF
EVOLUTION. HE
ALSO PROVIDED A
DIFFERENT
FRAMEWORK FOR
DOING SCIENTIFIC
ACTIVITIES.
SIGMUND FREUD
- IS A FAMOUS FIGURE IN THE
FIELD OF PSYCHOLOGY. HE ALSO
MADE A SIGNIFICANT
CONTRIBUTION IN THE SCIENTIFIC
WORLD THROUGH THE
DEVELOPMENT OF AN IMPORTANT
OBSERVATIONAL METHOD TO
GATHER RELIABLE DATA TO
STUDY HUMAN’S INNER LIFE.
8. DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN
MESOAMERICA
IT INCLUDES THE ENTIRE AREA
OF CENTRAL AMERICA FROM
SOUTHERN MEXICO UP TO THE
BORDER OF SOUTH AMERICA.
8
C
R
A
D
L
E
S
O
F
E
A
R
L
Y
S
C
I
E
N
C
E
9. 1. IT IS ONE OF THE FAMOUS
CIVILIZATIONS THAT LASTED FOR
APPROXIMATELY 2,000 YEARS.
THESE PEOPLE ARE KNOWN FOR
THEIR WORKS IN ASTRONOMY.THIS
ALLOWS THEM TO USE THEIR
TEMPLES FOR ASTRONOMICAL
OBSERVATION.
M
A
Y
A
C
I
V
I
L
I
Z
A
T
I
O
N
2. THEY BUILT
HYDRAULICS SYSTEM
WITH SOPHISTICATED
WATERWAYS TO SUPPLY
WATER TO DIFFERENT
COMMUNITIES.
3. THE MAYANS BUILT LOOMS FOR
WEAVING CLOTH AND DEVISED A
RAINBOW OF GLITTERY PAINTS
MADE FROM A MINERAL CALLED
MICA. THEY ARE ALSO BELIEVED TO
BE ONE OF THE FIRST PEOPLE TO
PRODUCE RUBBER PRODUCTS.
4. THEY ARE ALSO
FAMOUS AS ONE OF THE
WORLD’S FIRST
CIVILIZATIONS TO USE A
WRITING SYSTEM KNOWN
AS THE MAYAN
HIEROGLYPHICS
10. C
I
V
I
L
I
Z
A
T
I
O
N
I
N
C
A
1. ROADS PAVED WITH STONE
2. STONE BUILDINGS THAT SURMOUNTED EARTHQUAKES
AND OTHER DISASTERS
3. IRRIGATION SYSTEM AND TECHNIQUE FOR STORING
WATER FOR THEIR CROPS TO GROW IN ALL TYPES OF LAND.
THE INCAS MADE ADVANCED SCIENTIFIC IDEAS
CONSIDERING THEIR LIMITATIONS AS AN OLD CIVILIZATION.
THE FOLLOWING WERE SCIENTIFIC IDEAS AND TOOLS THAT
THEY DEVELOPED TO HELP THEM IN EVERYDAY LIFE.
11. 4. CALENDAR WITH 12 MONTHS TO MARK THEIR
RELIGIOUS FESTIVALS AND PREPARE THEM FOR
PLANTING SEASON.
5. THE FIRST SUSPENSION BRIDGE
6. ‘QUIPU’ , A SYSTEM OF KNOTTED ROPES TO KEEP
RECORDS THAT ONLY EXPERTS CAN INTERPRET;
AND
7. INCA TEXTILES SINCE CLOTH WS ONE OF THE
SPECIALLY PIZED ARTISTIC ACHIEVEMENTS.
CONTINUATION !
12. C
I
V
I
L
I
Z
A
T
I
O
N
A
Z
T
E
C
HAS ALSO MADE SUBSTANTIAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO SCIENCE
AND TECHNOLOGY AND TO THE SOCIETY AS A WHOLE. SOME
OF THEIR CONTRIBUTIONS ARE THE FOLLOWING:
1. MANDATORY EDUCATION. THE AZTEC PUTS VALUE ON EDUCATION;
THAT IS WHY THEIR CHILDREN ARE MANDATED TO GET EDUCATION
REGARDLESS OF THEIR SOCIAL CLASS, GENDER , OR AGE. IT IS AN EARLY
FORM OF UNIVERSAL OR INCLUSIVE EDUCATION.
2. CHOCOLATES. THE AZTEC IN MEXICO DEVELOPED CHOCOLATED
DURING THEIR TIME. IN THE MAYAN CULTURE, THEY USED IT AS A
CURRENCY. THR AZTEC VALUED THE CACAO BEANS HIGHLY AND MADE
IT AS PART OF THEIR TRIBUTE TO THEIR GODS.
3. ANTISPASMODIC MEDICATION. THEY USED A TYPE OF ANTISPASMODIC
MEDICATION THAT COULD PREVENT MUSCLE SPASMS AND RELAX
MUSCLES , WHICH COULD HELP DURING SURGERY.
13. CONTINUATION !
4. CHINAMPA. IT IS A FORM OF AZTEC TECHNOLOGY FOR
AGRICULTURAL FARMING IN WHICH THE LAND WAS
DIVIDED INTO RECTANGULAR AEAS AND SURROUNDED BY
CANALS.
5. AZTEC CALENDAR. THIS ENABLED THEM TO PAN THEIR
ACTIVITIES , RITUALS, AND PLANTING SEASON.
6. INVENTION OF THE CANOE. A LIGHT NARROW BOAT
USED FOR TRAVELING IN WATER SYSTEMS.
14. DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE
IN ASIA
I
N
D
I
A
- IS A HUGE PENINSULA SURROUNDED BY VAST BODIES OF WATER AND
FORTIFIED BY HUGE MOUNTAINS IN ITS NOETHERN BOARDERS.
- THEY ARE KNOWN FOR MANUFACTURING IRON AND IN
METALLURGICAL WORKS.
- THEIR IRON STEEL IS CONSIDERED TO BE THE BEST AND HELD WITH
REGARD IN THE WHOLE OF ROMAN EMPIRE.
- THEY ARE ALSO FAMOUS IN MEDICINE. “ AYURVEDA” , A SYSTEM
OF TRADITIONAL MEDICINE THAT ORIGINATED IN ANCIENT INDIA BEFORE 2500
BC , IS STILL PRACTICED AS A FORM OF ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE. SOME
ANCIENT TEXTS, LIKE THE “ SUSRUTA SAMHITA” , DESCRIBES DIFFERENT
SURGICAL AND OTHER MEDICAL PROCEDURES FAMOUS IN ANCIENT INDIA.
15. - THEY WERE ALSO NOTABLE IN THE FIELD OF
ASTRONOMY. THEY DEVELOPED THEORIES ON THE
CONFIGURATION OF THE UNIVERSE, THE SPHERICAL
SELF- SUPPORTING EARTH.
- “MOHENJODARO RULER” , A STANDARDIZED
MEASUREMENT OF LENGTH TO A HIGH DEGREE OF
ACCURACY . BISHT (1982)
CONTINUATION !
16. C
H
I
N
A
- IT IS ONE OF THE ANCIENT CIVILIZATIONS WITH
SUBSTANTIAL CONTRIBUTIONS IN MANY AREAS LIKE
MEDICINE, ASTRONOMY, SCIENCE MATHEMATICS,
ARTS, PHILOSOPHY, AND MUSIC AMONG OTHERS.
- CHINESE ARE KNOWN FOR TRADITIONAL MEDICINES,
A PRODUCT OF CENTURIES OF EXPRIENCES AND
DISCOVERY OF THE CHINESE PEOPLE. THEY
DISCOVERED VARIOUS MEDICAL PROPERTIES AND
USES OF DIFFERENT PLANTS AND ANIMALS TO CURE
HUMAN ILLNESS.
“ ACCUPUNCTURE ”
17. CONTINUATION !
AMONG THE FAMOUS DISCOVERIES AND INVENTIONS
OF THE CHINESE CIVILIZATIONS WERE COMPASS,
PAPERMAKING, GUNPOWDER, AND PRINTING TOOLS
IN THE FIELD OF ASTRONOMY, THE CHINESE ALSO
MADE SIGNIFICANT RECORDS ON SUPERNOVAS,
LUNAR AND SOLAR ECLIPSE, AND COMETS WHICH
WERE CAREFULLY RECORDED AND PRESERVED TO
UNDERSTAND BETTER THE HEAVENLY BODIES AND
THEIR EFFECTS TO OUR WORLD.
18. DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE IN
MIDDLE EAST COUNTRIES
MUSLIM SCIENTISTS PLACED GREATER
VALUE ON SCIENCE EXPERIMENTS RATHER
THAN PLAIN-THOUGHT EXPERIMENTS.
IBN AL – HAYTHAM – FATHER OF OPTICS
JABIR IBN HAYYAN – FATHER OF CHEMISTRY
19. DEVELOPMENT Of SCIENCE IN
AFRICA
AFRICA IS BLESSED WITH NATURAL AND MINERAL RESOURCES.
• EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION:
- HAS CONTIBUTED IMMENSELY AND MADE SIGNIFICANT
ADVANCES IN THE FIELD OF ASTRONOMY, MATHEMATICS AND
MEDICINE.
- KNOWN TO BE THE CENTER OF ALCHEMY, WHICH IS KNOWN
AS THE MEDIEVAL FOERUNNER OF CHEMISTRY.
AFRICANS USED THREE TYPES OF CALENDARS: LUNAR, SOLAR,
AND STELLAR , OR A COMBINATION OF THE THREE.