The document discusses the "Kerala model" of development, which refers to the Indian state of Kerala's achievements in social development indicators like literacy, life expectancy, and access to health care and education. Some key points: - Kerala has near-universal literacy, low infant mortality, and a high life expectancy comparable to developed nations despite having a low per capita income. - This "Kerala model" was coined based on a 1970s UN-sponsored study on Kerala's social and economic progress. Economists like Amartya Sen have since praised Kerala's social achievements relative to its income level. - Kerala's success is attributed to factors like investment in health care, education, gender equity programs, and political participation

1. KERALA MODEL DEVELOPMENT
Br.SARATH THOMAS CHAMAKALAYIL
sarathcthomas@gmail.com

2. What is Kerala model development?
• Refers to the state’s achievements and
improvements in material conditions of living
which is reflected in indicators of social
development.

3. Main achievements in the fields of:
• Literacy
• Life expectancy
• Infant mortality rate
• Health and educational sector
• A set of wealth and distribution programs
• High levels of political participation…….etc

4. • 57 %= Hindus
* 21.5% = Christians
* 21%= Muslims
• 0.5 %=rest (With a density of 740 per square kms, Kerala is one of
the most densely populated regions in the world.)
• Kerala has a population as big as California's and a per capita annual
income of less than $300.

6. How the term ‘Kerala model’ coined?
• In the early 1970’s the renowned
economist KN Raju and his
colleagues conducted a study
sponsored by the UN based on the
topic ‘state s economic and social
development’.

7. • Although KN Raju did not use the term
‘Kerala model’ in the study …..but later
through the writings of Amartya Sen, Jean
Drez …etc popularized this term…..

8. Amartya Sen says ……..
“ India does not need to look else
where for development pointers.
Yet there is much that India can
learn from Kerala's development
experience”.
He adds …. “Kerala despite its low
income level has achieved more
than even some of the most
admired high growth
economies…..what kerala has
achieved with very low per capita
income and growth is so
remarkable”.

9. Why this development “a model”?
Developments in the Health sector
• high life expectancy at birth.
• Low birth and death rate
• Low Infant mortality=15 per 1000
• Hi tech methods of diagnosis and therapy
• Virtual elimination of many communicable diseases.
• More than 3600 Govt medical institutions in the state.
• More than 38,000 beds in govt hospitals
• 67,000 in pvt sector,

13. Educational sector
• “Keralites are prized every where in the world due
to the result of its efficient value based education”.
Amartya Sen
• Kerala’s literacy rate=91%
• 37% of state’s annual budget goes to education.

17. Other achievements…….
• Rise of lower classes
• Only 19% of people are in below powerty line(2004-2005
census)
• Capacity for asserting the rights (gender equity, demands for
public services …etc)
• 85 % lives in pacca houses
• More than 2/3 get drinking water from well.
• Political participation of women ….etc.

18. Provision of selected basic services among
all Indian states

21. CONCLUSION
• Kerala…..a place that offers real hope for the future
of the Third World
• Despite its achievements, the model is heavily
criticised for the low industrial development and
high levels of unemployment.
• The educational reforms failed to make a direct
mark on the state, as people tend to go abroad for
monetary benefits.

22. REFERENCES
• G. Parayil ,Kerala: The Development Experience: Reflections on
Sustainability and Replicability, London, Zed Books Pvt Ltd,,2000
• M.Oommen, Rethinking Development: Kerala's Development
Experience,Vol-1, New Delhi, Institute of Social Sciences,1999.
• G. Parayil ,Introduction: Is Kerala’s Developmental Experience A model,
(2000).
• G. Parayil, The `Kerala model’ of Development: Development and
sustainability in the Third World.
• The Quality of Death Ranking End-of-life Care across the world, Lien
Foundation.
• http:// www.firstpost.com, accessed on 03-01-2013.
• http:// www.ashanet.org, accessed on 03-01-2013.
• http://graphics.eiu.com, accessed on 12-01-2013.
• http://newindianexpress.com, accessed on 12-01-2013.
• http://www.towardfreedom.com, accessed on 12-01-2013.
• http://www.omantribune.com, accessed on 17-01-2013.

23. THANK YOU