Strip searches performed in US prisons and at airports have been criticized as inhumane. While defenders argue they help find contraband, critics say they disrespect human dignity and can traumatize prisoners. Stories describe prisoners and suspects being forced to disrobe fully, sometimes in front of officers of the opposite sex, and in rare cases being sexually abused. Laws permitting widespread strip searches have been challenged, and some policies have changed after highly publicized abuse cases, but the practices still occur and concerns remain about the psychological toll on those subjected to strip searches.
Racial discrimination has severely impacted the US criminal justice system. Research shows that black Americans are more likely than white Americans to be arrested, receive harsher sentences, and face excessive force from police. For example, black youth are twice as likely to be arrested for minor crimes in school compared to white youth. Additionally, black Americans are overrepresented in the US prison population despite similar rates of drug use and crimes as white Americans. The deaths of Tamir Rice, Michael Brown, Sandra Bland, and others illustrate how black Americans face unfair and sometimes deadly treatment from law enforcement. To remedy racial inequities, the criminal justice system must address implicit biases and disproportionate policing of minority communities.
This documentary examines the treatment of black people, both historically and currently, in the United States. It discusses racist incidents like the bombing of a black church that killed four children, and the killing of an unarmed 17-year-old black boy by police. The officer who killed the boy avoided punishment by claiming self-defense. The documentary also highlights statistics showing racial disparities in the U.S. criminal justice system, such as black people making up 40% of the prison population. It aims to educate viewers about ongoing issues of racism and injustice faced by black communities.
This document discusses three cases of women who did not report their sexual assaults to the police and analyzes why the legal system fails to support victims. Diane Jesson did not report because she felt self-blame, an 18-year-old student did not report out of fear of the legal process, and Aspen Matis did not report due to feeling shame. The document argues that police often question victims in ways that make them doubt their experiences or feel at fault. As a result, very few sexual assault cases make it to court and perpetrators are rarely prosecuted. It calls for the legal system to be more supportive and listen to victims' stories without judgment in order to encourage reporting of crimes.
The document discusses the confusion caused by varying legal definitions of rape across different states and jurisdictions. It analyzes the rape and sexual contact laws in all 50 states and finds 29 criminal sexual acts and 23 criminal sexual contact offenses defined differently. This creates ambiguity that inserts doubt in survivors and fails to fully address behaviors that enable rape culture. The author argues for a unified national definition of rape and criminal sexual contact to provide clarity, protect liberty, and curb criminal behaviors by clearly defining what is unacceptable.
E4a1 how defendant characteristics affect jury decision makingAarono1979
Psychologists have studied how defendant characteristics can affect jury decision-making. Research has found that racial stereotypes can influence jurors, with mock juries more likely to find black defendants guilty compared to white defendants who committed the same crime, and give black defendants harsher sentences. Additional research has shown attractive defendants are judged as less guilty and given lower sentences than unattractive defendants. Accent also influences jurors, with regional accents viewed more negatively than posh accents in some cases. These findings suggest jurors may be swayed by superficial characteristics rather than just the evidence.
This document defines and classifies various sexual offences under Indian law. It discusses natural offences like rape, adultery and incest. It also discusses unnatural offences per section 377 IPC, which criminalizes carnal intercourse against the order of nature. Further, it provides detailed definitions and explanations of rape, including the old and amended legal definitions. It also outlines the process for examining victims and suspects of sexual assault.
This document summarizes a case where a university professor who bludgeoned his wife to death received a lenient plea deal of 5-10 years for voluntary manslaughter. After serving the minimum 5 years, the parole board initially denied his release but approved it a year later. However, after public outrage from the victim's family and officials involved in the case, the board reversed its decision to approve parole. The author argues this case highlights the unequal treatment and hypocrisy that can exist in the criminal justice system, where well-educated individuals may receive more lenient treatment than less privileged defendants. Officials like the prosecutor and judge who approved the original plea deal were among those expressing shock at the potential parole.
The document discusses the causes and impacts of wrongful convictions. It examines eyewitness misidentification, false confessions due to interrogation pressures, and prosecutorial misconduct as leading causes. It presents the case of Kirk Bloodsworth, the first death row exoneree based on DNA evidence, who served 9 years in prison for a crime he did not commit. On average, exonerees spend 14 years in prison and are 26 years old at the time of their wrongful conviction. There have been 330 post-conviction DNA exonerations in the US.
Racial discrimination has severely impacted the US criminal justice system. Research shows that black Americans are more likely than white Americans to be arrested, receive harsher sentences, and face excessive force from police. For example, black youth are twice as likely to be arrested for minor crimes in school compared to white youth. Additionally, black Americans are overrepresented in the US prison population despite similar rates of drug use and crimes as white Americans. The deaths of Tamir Rice, Michael Brown, Sandra Bland, and others illustrate how black Americans face unfair and sometimes deadly treatment from law enforcement. To remedy racial inequities, the criminal justice system must address implicit biases and disproportionate policing of minority communities.
This documentary examines the treatment of black people, both historically and currently, in the United States. It discusses racist incidents like the bombing of a black church that killed four children, and the killing of an unarmed 17-year-old black boy by police. The officer who killed the boy avoided punishment by claiming self-defense. The documentary also highlights statistics showing racial disparities in the U.S. criminal justice system, such as black people making up 40% of the prison population. It aims to educate viewers about ongoing issues of racism and injustice faced by black communities.
This document discusses three cases of women who did not report their sexual assaults to the police and analyzes why the legal system fails to support victims. Diane Jesson did not report because she felt self-blame, an 18-year-old student did not report out of fear of the legal process, and Aspen Matis did not report due to feeling shame. The document argues that police often question victims in ways that make them doubt their experiences or feel at fault. As a result, very few sexual assault cases make it to court and perpetrators are rarely prosecuted. It calls for the legal system to be more supportive and listen to victims' stories without judgment in order to encourage reporting of crimes.
The document discusses the confusion caused by varying legal definitions of rape across different states and jurisdictions. It analyzes the rape and sexual contact laws in all 50 states and finds 29 criminal sexual acts and 23 criminal sexual contact offenses defined differently. This creates ambiguity that inserts doubt in survivors and fails to fully address behaviors that enable rape culture. The author argues for a unified national definition of rape and criminal sexual contact to provide clarity, protect liberty, and curb criminal behaviors by clearly defining what is unacceptable.
E4a1 how defendant characteristics affect jury decision makingAarono1979
Psychologists have studied how defendant characteristics can affect jury decision-making. Research has found that racial stereotypes can influence jurors, with mock juries more likely to find black defendants guilty compared to white defendants who committed the same crime, and give black defendants harsher sentences. Additional research has shown attractive defendants are judged as less guilty and given lower sentences than unattractive defendants. Accent also influences jurors, with regional accents viewed more negatively than posh accents in some cases. These findings suggest jurors may be swayed by superficial characteristics rather than just the evidence.
This document defines and classifies various sexual offences under Indian law. It discusses natural offences like rape, adultery and incest. It also discusses unnatural offences per section 377 IPC, which criminalizes carnal intercourse against the order of nature. Further, it provides detailed definitions and explanations of rape, including the old and amended legal definitions. It also outlines the process for examining victims and suspects of sexual assault.
This document summarizes a case where a university professor who bludgeoned his wife to death received a lenient plea deal of 5-10 years for voluntary manslaughter. After serving the minimum 5 years, the parole board initially denied his release but approved it a year later. However, after public outrage from the victim's family and officials involved in the case, the board reversed its decision to approve parole. The author argues this case highlights the unequal treatment and hypocrisy that can exist in the criminal justice system, where well-educated individuals may receive more lenient treatment than less privileged defendants. Officials like the prosecutor and judge who approved the original plea deal were among those expressing shock at the potential parole.
The document discusses the causes and impacts of wrongful convictions. It examines eyewitness misidentification, false confessions due to interrogation pressures, and prosecutorial misconduct as leading causes. It presents the case of Kirk Bloodsworth, the first death row exoneree based on DNA evidence, who served 9 years in prison for a crime he did not commit. On average, exonerees spend 14 years in prison and are 26 years old at the time of their wrongful conviction. There have been 330 post-conviction DNA exonerations in the US.
Examines the myths surrounding the conviction of innocent people for crimes they did not commit, and suggests ways to protect yourself and your family from becoming victims of a broken justice system.
Lewdness with a minor involves any sexual act performed with the intent of gratifying sexual desires on a child under 14 years of age. According to Nevada law, this is considered a felony charge and if convicted can result in life imprisonment, fines, and sex offender registration. False accusations of lewdness can occur but the court is experienced in determining the reliability of child testimony through specialized analysis. It is important for those accused to obtain legal counsel from a criminal defense attorney who can help challenge the charges and protect the accused's rights and reputation.
The document discusses interrogation techniques used by police to elicit confessions, including the Reid Technique. It also covers false confessions and why they occur, citing exhaustion, threats of punishment, and minimizing crimes. The document analyzes video clips showing fear appeals and guilt being used in an interrogation and a false confession caused by prolonged questioning without a lawyer present. It stresses the importance of invoking one's Miranda rights and refusing to speak to police without legal representation to avoid giving a false confession.
Wrongful convictions can occur due to errors in the criminal justice system. The top causes of wrongful convictions are eyewitness misidentification, unreliable forensic evidence, false confessions, and untrustworthy informant testimony. In the 1970s and 1980s, the development of DNA testing revealed that innocent people had been wrongly convicted. This led to the formation of innocence projects and reforms to reduce errors. Exonerations have increased in recent years as more resources are devoted to investigating wrongful conviction claims.
Wrongful convictions are a serious problem, with an estimated 200,000 innocent people imprisoned in the US at any given time. The two main causes of wrongful conviction are eyewitness misidentification and false confessions. Eyewitnesses often get significant details wrong in their identification of a perpetrator, and police identification techniques can skew the process. False confessions are also a major issue, sometimes resulting from psychological interrogation methods or even physical torture. Solutions proposed include videotaping interrogations and eyewitness identifications to avoid improper influences, as well as better training police to understand the risks of wrongful conviction.
The document discusses the controversial topic of pornography from multiple perspectives. It notes that pornography is a large industry that makes over $5 billion annually in the US. While some research has found positive effects of pornography on male confidence and sexuality, other studies have shown correlations between pornography and increased rape and aggression in men. The Supreme Court has ruled that pornography is protected as freedom of expression under the First Amendment, distinguishing it from prostitution. However, child pornography involving those under 18 is illegal.
This document discusses the challenges and dangers of being a police officer based on an interview with Officer Mitchell. It describes that police work requires dedication to protect the public and involves responding to various crimes and emergencies. Officer Mitchell noted that his main concerns were safety and making it home each day. The document also provides examples of police officers who were injured or killed in the line of duty, showing that their jobs often put them in harm's way.
Research on the reasons behind wrongful convictions in the United States as well as recommendations for decreasing the number of wrongful convictions that occur annually
Criminal profiling involves specialists examining evidence from crime scenes such as photos, reports, and witness testimony to develop a profile of the criminal. They look at details of where and how the crime was committed to understand the criminal's behavior. One early step is an APB with details to help police identify suspects, though this often leads to wasting time on innocent people. When evidence is lacking, profilers make educated guesses about the criminal's education, childhood trauma, and location to give police a starting point. Predictive profiling controversially tries to anticipate uncommitted crimes, while racial profiling identifies skin color and race when no other clues exist. In the end, profiling adds some characteristics to the search but is not definitive, relying on chances
This document discusses police misconduct, the powers given to law enforcement, and laws related to police misconduct. It describes various forms of misconduct like excessive force and discrimination. It outlines federal laws that address both criminal and civil aspects of misconduct. The document also provides examples of historical cases of misconduct, like those involving the Rampart CRASH unit in LA and the beating of Rodney King. It discusses stress and mental health issues among police and rates of alcohol abuse and suicide.
The Supreme Court case Roper v. Simmons established that it is unconstitutional to sentence juveniles under the age of 18 to the death penalty. The American Psychological Association submitted an amicus brief highlighting neurological and psychological research showing that juveniles lack maturity and have an underdeveloped sense of responsibility, making the deterrent and retributive purposes of capital punishment ineffective for those under 18. The Court agreed, citing that juveniles are more susceptible to outside pressures and have greater potential for reform, overriding the dissenting opinion that not all juveniles lack sufficient reasoning capacity. This ruling set a national standard prohibiting the death penalty for crimes committed in adolescence.
The document argues that juveniles who commit severe crimes should be tried as adults. It discusses the history of juvenile courts and how cases can be transferred to adult court through statutory, judicial, or prosecutorial waiver. While juvenile courts aim to rehabilitate youth, the author believes some juveniles are incapable of rehabilitation and will reoffend if released. Therefore, juveniles who commit crimes like murder or rape should face the same consequences as adults, including the possibility of life imprisonment or capital punishment, regardless of their age.
The document provides several arguments against the death penalty:
1) Innocent people have been executed and there is no way to remedy this once carried out. Research shows 1 in 7 on death row in the US are later found innocent.
2) Methods of execution (hanging, gas, electrocution, firing squad) are cruel and inhumane, torturing the person physically and mentally.
3) The death penalty system is expensive and costs significantly more than life imprisonment without parole. Some states have eliminated it for this reason.
The document discusses key aspects of the juvenile justice system including definitions of who is considered a juvenile, the basic steps in the juvenile court process from arrest through aftercare, examples of juvenile court placements, and terms used in juvenile court. It also provides statistics on outcomes of the juvenile justice process indicating it has been largely successful with high rates of restitution paid, community service completed, low recidivism, and youth engaged in education or vocational programs.
What constitutes as sexual assault? And what are the charges laden on it? Probe this presentation from Atty. Ross Goodman to know! You can also read the blog version here: https://goo.gl/CPB2SZ
John Doe, an undocumented immigrant, was arrested for felony shoplifting over $1,000. He will face charges in Superior Court but cannot afford bail. Police are required to read John his Miranda rights since he is in custody and made incriminating statements. During booking, John will be photographed, fingerprinted, and held for arraignment. At arraignment, John will learn the charges against him and enter a plea. The judge will consider factors like criminal history and ties to the community in setting bail. New Jersey can seek probable cause through a preliminary hearing, where evidence is presented, or a grand jury proceeding.
The document discusses several factors that can contribute to wrongful convictions in criminal justice systems, including human errors, systemic biases, pressure from the media and public, flaws in the adversarial system, tunnel vision in investigations, unreliable eyewitness identifications and interrogations, issues with expert witnesses and informants, prosecutorial misconduct, and inadequate defense counsel. It also notes that wrongful convictions harm not just the convicted person but also the original victims and their families as well as the wider community. Appellate remedies on their own are often limited in addressing wrongful convictions.
Rape is a serious crime that involves nonconsensual sexual acts through unwanted touching, oral sex, anal sex, or vaginal penetration. The document discusses several cases of rape in India, including a 17-year-old boy who brutally raped a girl and her boyfriend, and only faced 3 years in prison due to his age. It also notes statistics about the prevalence of rape in India, such as 44% of rapes occurring before age 18, and only 16.3% of rapists serving jail time. While laws have been strengthened in India through the Anti Rape Bill of 2013, issues still remain around marital rape not being illegal and lack of legal protections for transgender people.
Examines the myths surrounding the conviction of innocent people for crimes they did not commit, and suggests ways to protect yourself and your family from becoming victims of a broken justice system.
Lewdness with a minor involves any sexual act performed with the intent of gratifying sexual desires on a child under 14 years of age. According to Nevada law, this is considered a felony charge and if convicted can result in life imprisonment, fines, and sex offender registration. False accusations of lewdness can occur but the court is experienced in determining the reliability of child testimony through specialized analysis. It is important for those accused to obtain legal counsel from a criminal defense attorney who can help challenge the charges and protect the accused's rights and reputation.
The document discusses interrogation techniques used by police to elicit confessions, including the Reid Technique. It also covers false confessions and why they occur, citing exhaustion, threats of punishment, and minimizing crimes. The document analyzes video clips showing fear appeals and guilt being used in an interrogation and a false confession caused by prolonged questioning without a lawyer present. It stresses the importance of invoking one's Miranda rights and refusing to speak to police without legal representation to avoid giving a false confession.
Wrongful convictions can occur due to errors in the criminal justice system. The top causes of wrongful convictions are eyewitness misidentification, unreliable forensic evidence, false confessions, and untrustworthy informant testimony. In the 1970s and 1980s, the development of DNA testing revealed that innocent people had been wrongly convicted. This led to the formation of innocence projects and reforms to reduce errors. Exonerations have increased in recent years as more resources are devoted to investigating wrongful conviction claims.
Wrongful convictions are a serious problem, with an estimated 200,000 innocent people imprisoned in the US at any given time. The two main causes of wrongful conviction are eyewitness misidentification and false confessions. Eyewitnesses often get significant details wrong in their identification of a perpetrator, and police identification techniques can skew the process. False confessions are also a major issue, sometimes resulting from psychological interrogation methods or even physical torture. Solutions proposed include videotaping interrogations and eyewitness identifications to avoid improper influences, as well as better training police to understand the risks of wrongful conviction.
The document discusses the controversial topic of pornography from multiple perspectives. It notes that pornography is a large industry that makes over $5 billion annually in the US. While some research has found positive effects of pornography on male confidence and sexuality, other studies have shown correlations between pornography and increased rape and aggression in men. The Supreme Court has ruled that pornography is protected as freedom of expression under the First Amendment, distinguishing it from prostitution. However, child pornography involving those under 18 is illegal.
This document discusses the challenges and dangers of being a police officer based on an interview with Officer Mitchell. It describes that police work requires dedication to protect the public and involves responding to various crimes and emergencies. Officer Mitchell noted that his main concerns were safety and making it home each day. The document also provides examples of police officers who were injured or killed in the line of duty, showing that their jobs often put them in harm's way.
Research on the reasons behind wrongful convictions in the United States as well as recommendations for decreasing the number of wrongful convictions that occur annually
Criminal profiling involves specialists examining evidence from crime scenes such as photos, reports, and witness testimony to develop a profile of the criminal. They look at details of where and how the crime was committed to understand the criminal's behavior. One early step is an APB with details to help police identify suspects, though this often leads to wasting time on innocent people. When evidence is lacking, profilers make educated guesses about the criminal's education, childhood trauma, and location to give police a starting point. Predictive profiling controversially tries to anticipate uncommitted crimes, while racial profiling identifies skin color and race when no other clues exist. In the end, profiling adds some characteristics to the search but is not definitive, relying on chances
This document discusses police misconduct, the powers given to law enforcement, and laws related to police misconduct. It describes various forms of misconduct like excessive force and discrimination. It outlines federal laws that address both criminal and civil aspects of misconduct. The document also provides examples of historical cases of misconduct, like those involving the Rampart CRASH unit in LA and the beating of Rodney King. It discusses stress and mental health issues among police and rates of alcohol abuse and suicide.
The Supreme Court case Roper v. Simmons established that it is unconstitutional to sentence juveniles under the age of 18 to the death penalty. The American Psychological Association submitted an amicus brief highlighting neurological and psychological research showing that juveniles lack maturity and have an underdeveloped sense of responsibility, making the deterrent and retributive purposes of capital punishment ineffective for those under 18. The Court agreed, citing that juveniles are more susceptible to outside pressures and have greater potential for reform, overriding the dissenting opinion that not all juveniles lack sufficient reasoning capacity. This ruling set a national standard prohibiting the death penalty for crimes committed in adolescence.
The document argues that juveniles who commit severe crimes should be tried as adults. It discusses the history of juvenile courts and how cases can be transferred to adult court through statutory, judicial, or prosecutorial waiver. While juvenile courts aim to rehabilitate youth, the author believes some juveniles are incapable of rehabilitation and will reoffend if released. Therefore, juveniles who commit crimes like murder or rape should face the same consequences as adults, including the possibility of life imprisonment or capital punishment, regardless of their age.
The document provides several arguments against the death penalty:
1) Innocent people have been executed and there is no way to remedy this once carried out. Research shows 1 in 7 on death row in the US are later found innocent.
2) Methods of execution (hanging, gas, electrocution, firing squad) are cruel and inhumane, torturing the person physically and mentally.
3) The death penalty system is expensive and costs significantly more than life imprisonment without parole. Some states have eliminated it for this reason.
The document discusses key aspects of the juvenile justice system including definitions of who is considered a juvenile, the basic steps in the juvenile court process from arrest through aftercare, examples of juvenile court placements, and terms used in juvenile court. It also provides statistics on outcomes of the juvenile justice process indicating it has been largely successful with high rates of restitution paid, community service completed, low recidivism, and youth engaged in education or vocational programs.
What constitutes as sexual assault? And what are the charges laden on it? Probe this presentation from Atty. Ross Goodman to know! You can also read the blog version here: https://goo.gl/CPB2SZ
John Doe, an undocumented immigrant, was arrested for felony shoplifting over $1,000. He will face charges in Superior Court but cannot afford bail. Police are required to read John his Miranda rights since he is in custody and made incriminating statements. During booking, John will be photographed, fingerprinted, and held for arraignment. At arraignment, John will learn the charges against him and enter a plea. The judge will consider factors like criminal history and ties to the community in setting bail. New Jersey can seek probable cause through a preliminary hearing, where evidence is presented, or a grand jury proceeding.
The document discusses several factors that can contribute to wrongful convictions in criminal justice systems, including human errors, systemic biases, pressure from the media and public, flaws in the adversarial system, tunnel vision in investigations, unreliable eyewitness identifications and interrogations, issues with expert witnesses and informants, prosecutorial misconduct, and inadequate defense counsel. It also notes that wrongful convictions harm not just the convicted person but also the original victims and their families as well as the wider community. Appellate remedies on their own are often limited in addressing wrongful convictions.
Rape is a serious crime that involves nonconsensual sexual acts through unwanted touching, oral sex, anal sex, or vaginal penetration. The document discusses several cases of rape in India, including a 17-year-old boy who brutally raped a girl and her boyfriend, and only faced 3 years in prison due to his age. It also notes statistics about the prevalence of rape in India, such as 44% of rapes occurring before age 18, and only 16.3% of rapists serving jail time. While laws have been strengthened in India through the Anti Rape Bill of 2013, issues still remain around marital rape not being illegal and lack of legal protections for transgender people.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
1. 1 STRIPSEARCHES IN PRISON
STRIP SEARCHES PERFORMED
As the US populationis growing into a more diverse society than it was before. There is strong
lawenforcementandabidingbythe majorityof the citizensof the US but when it comes to non-native,
young people, travellers and some addicted lesbians and gays. Due to the multi-cultured country and
because of people fromall partsof the world,itis consideredtobe high-riskareasforcriminal activities
but due to strong law and forces, they can control such issues. There are plenty of ways to search and
treat the criminals who were brought to the police. But the worst of all is the “Strip Search”. Multiple
punishmentscome underthistermandlike makingthemnakedandsearchingunderthe cloths in some
cases this strip search converts into a cavity search of human body parts and some of which includes
private parts and genitals of both men and women.
While some may argue about defending these strip searches they must see the results of
strip-searching is a good thing to the inmate the prisoner. But I argue against the implementation
of these strip-searching and other similar types of acts in the prisons that are associated with the
disrespect of humans. They also sometimes take urine tests and DNA like that. These are mostly
performed with those involved in drugs trafficking and other criminal activities or to inspect
them for the ammunition, drugs and guns. DO you think it is okay to do such inhumane checking
no matter that person has convicted a crime but is it fair to do so? Is this justified by the laws of
the US? There were amendments in the bills despite those revisions strip checking is still in
practice and it is mostly done at the airport's security with the suspected person who could be
involved in drugs and illegal trafficking. Sometimes it is done with the consent of the passenger
and in few cases when they are sure of some issues asks them to partially take off some layers of
2. 2 STRIPSEARCHES IN PRISON
fully and checked. All these types of strip searches are a betrayal of a human being if the person
has committed a sin or at fault, it should be treated according to law and doing this misbehaviour
with the prisoners or suspects is not acceptable and it should be ceased to pay some respect to
humanity. How could be the law enforcement departments are authorized to do such
independently or without taking proper permission from the courts? Although the strip
searches performed in the US prison should be ended because the majority of people are
stripped naked just by a police officer of the opposite gender to humiliate the prisoner. The
lawmakers instead of taking a stand against the inhumane act they are passing resolutions
for doing more strip searches and evento the prisoner with small crimes. The situation
becomes worst when these strip searches are done by the opposite genders as we have
plenty of examples present in which the opposite gender officer is found the culprit in
physically assaulting of the prisoner.
It is observed at times when they are unable to perform the strip searches and plenty of
cases aroused in which police officers of both genders were found guilty. They come up with a
new strategy where they ask the suspect or criminal to take a shower in front of them. As in some
cases, it is a requirement but in most, they are just behaving inadequately and to fulfill their
sexual needs. All of these are shameful acts and I openly condemn such punishments and
searching’s in which humans are insulted, raped or abused. There are plenty of other punishment
offers which can be discussed and implemented which at least don’t disrespect human beings.
There are plenty of complaints reported against such acts were reported by the public and many
of the policemen and women were found guilty. A pregnant woman told her story how she was
charged with an offence and taken to the police station and she was told to get naked and there a
3. 3 STRIPSEARCHES IN PRISON
male policeman searched her inappropriately while she has not committed any such act and she
became mentally so disturbed that she lost her child due to the trauma she was in for many years.
Similarly a young boy who was in his teens and he was sexually harassed and used by a female
police, the boy went to sever shock and it took years for him to recover and back to life.
According to the reports, there were around 4500 children were stripped searched naked
in 2014, and among them, few claimed to be abused sexually. There are laws on the age of
children and it is in the law regarding child protection and prison act in the US. We have seen
some unforgettable pictures of cells during the Afghan war, we saw images of the prisons and
some leaked footages of prison cells where there was plenty of inhumanity. I am totally against
the continuity of this disrespect, the effects it leaves on a prisoner mind and their whole life
could be disturbed due to such acts. Their crime is something else they deserve punishment not
torture for the lifetime. There are examples of such men and women who after going through
such mental stress and tortures are seen struggling throughout their lives. I believe this should
only be done in the extreme case and with the permission of the law and not publically.
In 2004, photographs leaked from the Abu Ghareeb jails were spread so fast on the
internet and media and the huge reaction came on it when the US forces were torturing and
abusing the prisoners in the Guantanamo be jail where they can be seen naked striping the
prisoners from different countries and mainly from Afghanistan (Phil Scraton and GEORGE).
These prisoners include both men and women. According to the human rights and the physicians
that this is the worst form of the prison inhumane acts and the issue was highlighted and
4. 4 STRIPSEARCHES IN PRISON
investigated but of no results in the end. Similarly, after the happening of this incident media
took notice and observed the prisons within the united states and the results were shocking when
they observed similar kind of naked striping is happening in all across the US prisons and mostly
done by the opposite gender police officers to humiliate, torture, instigate and disrespect the
prisoners.
Can anyone believe that? A country who is claiming to be the democratic country,
superpower and having billions of worth with most educated person in a nation is doing such
acts. They should set examples instead so the world may follow and praise their laws and
enforcement of the law. But unfortunately here such brutal activities are in practice and people
are raising their voices after the happening of such incident every month. What are the causes
that no legal action is taken against these wrongdoings? People suffering and will continue to
suffer through these mental and physical tortures (Shuldiner). Due to the increase in such
incidents, people started hating the police department and they openly demand justice for the
prisoners. As the police department is invading someone’s personal and private parts on the
name of strip-searching which is wrong.
There is plenty of strip search procedures used in the US by the police and security staff
and are classified into two different categories that are partial and complete strip search. The
partial search includes the checking that is mostly performed on the airports and the staff asks
almost every person to remove the shoes, socks, coats, jackets and belts mostly and this
procedure is mostly done with the males and females are inspected thoroughly. Wile to the
5. 5 STRIPSEARCHES IN PRISON
suspected person the strip search is intense and they were taken to a separate room and told to
undress, shirt, pants, even underwear and bra this naked strip check is done with both genders if
they are suspected guilty of some crime. But this is not the end of the story the inhumane part
starts from here when the person on duty check the private parts of both men and women even in
the mouth, vagina or anus if the victim is suspected involved in drugs and other transportation.
How cruel the world is and where are we heading to. Like you are undressing and disrespecting
to the visitors who came to your country and does this makes any sense? Like why everybody is
experiencing this? Why don’t they check a common person with an ordinary x-ray machine or T
ray scanners? We are living in an era of technology yet we have to go through humiliation to
travel to other destinations? When this is going to stop and why no one talks about the
suspension of the naked strip search and another disrespecting checking.
Another reason why they are doing these acts publically is that in 2012 US Supreme court
has permitted the use of these strip searches for all arrests and even for non-indictable minor
crimes (Logan and Rev). The law that has to control and should take action against this is
supporting this and even for those crimes that deserve a penalty. There are plenty of other
reasons as well that this should end, In the past after the passing of the strip search bill there
happened a heart-wrenching incident with an 8-year-old girl who was raped in the name of a
strip search and it was like the pebble in the river which created the movement and people took a
stand against the law and first success was in Virginia when they discouraged and formally made
a law against the child strip search (News). The Governor of Virginia Mr Northam said he is
very saddened and disturbed after hearing this incident and he took a stand and answered to the
public demand that a legal team investigated the matter and the culprits were caught and
6. 6 STRIPSEARCHES IN PRISON
prisoned also the whole department excused and promised that girl to give her the maximum
possible justice. The point is how long we will wait or are we waiting for more incidents to
happen. I believe this is enough now and we have to think seriously over it. There is no need to
keep quiet and remain calm everyone should raise a voice against the injustice.
This “Strip search” word has multiple meanings depending upon the usage either by the
police or administrative forces or lawyers. To understand it better just take a look at it.
According to the administrators, the strip search is typically a search in which they are going to
examine the private parts of the body of that person including hair, mouth, feet, armpits and
groin regions and in case of females her chest and vaginal area as well.
The statutory definition says “many states statutorily define strip searches. The plaintiff in
Stanley v. Henson, 337 F.3d 961 (7th Cor. 2003), pointed to 14 states= definitions, including
Illinois (725 ILL. COMP. STAT. 5/103-1(d)), Florida (F.S.A. ' 901.211), Ohio (R.C.'2933.32)
and Michigan (M.C.L.A. 764.25a). It is imperative to remember that just because a department
or state has a definition, the definition may not be constitutionally appropriate (Petty).”
Whereas the Fourth amendment states that “the term strip search typically refers to a
search that requires exposure of a portion of a person’s body that is ordinarily private. For
Example, one court has stated that Include within the term strip search any exposure or
7. 7 STRIPSEARCHES IN PRISON
observation of a portion of a person’s body where that person has a reasonable expectation of
privacy.”
The final reason for making this strip searching end is the heavy damages that a
government pays after the person is removed from the prison and it is estimated to be around 300
Million dollars every year that is spent by the government on the victims who were stripe
searched either naked, vaginal, anal or by any means is like a deep scar on the minds of people,
not every person who is in prison is so strong mentally who bears humiliation, insult, disgrace
and mental torture and still live happily. This is easy to say but hard to overcome and that is why
the majority of the people go through some worst phase of life just because of this shameful act
and this took away their life’s happiness and they try to keep themselves distant from family and
friends. There are special institutes and hospitals that are made and run under the government as
the rehabilitation centers. Hundreds of thousands US residents came here to treat their mental
illness they been through due to these issues faced by them in prison.
I am somewhat convinced with the facts and researches that show and the lawyers who
were involved in attending legal suits for strip-searching of women explained the fact that most
of the women were involved in drug trafficking and they mostly carry it in their vagina and less
number of men and women carry drugs in the anus. These are some issues which can be
addressed and strip-searched and they deserved to be punished not who are punished for small
crimes and this should not be made compulsory by the court to take serious actions against it.
The drug trafficking must be stopped and punished.
8. 8 STRIPSEARCHES IN PRISON
All the strip search that is performed legally by the police but this is illegal according to
me and the results of this traumatized situation are very deadly and at the end who has to pay the
loss? Who will get into sufferings? Off course the government, in the end, will first pay for the
legal counsel and later for the recovery treatment of the prisoners (Bozelko). So why is it made
mandatory for everyone who went to prison? Why not the government thinks about these losses?
And the one who suffers is ultimately the people of US and the government of US there must be
a common consensus among the states and the people of the states and then the law and the
enforcement agencies, airport security staff and also those who are involved in it.
I believe there should be a proper law on such issues and proper knowledge is required for
both sectors public and lawmakers. There are a majority of issues are negative that is putting a
bad impression on women, children and men. Not only in the US internationally as well. There
need to be some reforms for the betterment of the system is required. It is the government
responsibility to take care of prisons and the activities happening there. The government should
focus on how to bring the number of crimes down and if criminals are captured how they can be
treated. In my opinion, it is not a wise thing to do at all. They should devise some pans regarding
the use of this act as a punishment. The peacemaking institutions should come forward to help
the people of the US to develop a system that doesn’t disgrace the people. The police should do
their job professionally and keep the name of their department high. People want to feel
protected in their presence and not disturbed or traumatized. Similarly rule of law should be
made strong and every one must follow the law.
9. 9 STRIPSEARCHES IN PRISON
Reference List
McCulloch, J., & George, A. (2008). Naked power: Strip searching in women’s prisons. In The violence of
incarceration (pp. 117-133). Routledge.
Newburn, Tim, Michael Shiner, and Stephanie Hayman. "Race, Crime and Injustice? Strip Search and the
Treatment of Suspects in Custody 1." British Journal of Criminology 44.5 (2004): 677-694.
Logan, Wayne A. "Florence v. Board of Chosen Freeholders: Police Power Takes a More Intrusive
Turn." Akron L. Rev. 46 (2013): 413.
“VirginiaBansPrisonStrip-SearchesforChildren.”BBCNews,BBC,6 Dec.2019,
www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-50692437.
Petty, Timothy J. "Safford Unified School District v. Redding and School Strip Searches: Almost, but Not
Quite There Yet." Seton Hall L. Rev. 41 (2011): 427.
Clarke,Matthew.“StripandBody CavitySearches: LookingforContrabandinAll the WrongPlaces:
PrisonLegal News.”Strip and Body Cavity Searches:Looking forContraband in All the Wrong Places|
Prison Legal News, www.prisonlegalnews.org/news/2019/apr/2/strip-and-body-cavity-searches-looking-
contraband-all-wrong-places/.
Bozelko,Chandra.“PrisonStripSearchesAre NotOnlyInhumane-TheyCostTaxpayers$300
Million.”Quartz,Quartz,31 Oct. 2019, qz.com/1738354/inhumane-prison-strip-searches-cost-
taxpayers-300-million/.