The document provides templates for analyzing various strategy issues including PEST analysis, Porter's Five Forces framework, and Victor Cheng's business situation framework. Templates are provided for conducting PEST analysis with explicit environmental factors, Porter's Five Forces analysis in both English and Norwegian, and analyzing a company's value chain. Victor Cheng's business situation framework template outlines key areas to analyze for new products, market entry, strategy, and identifying issues including customers, products, the company, and competition.

1. Templates for Various
Strategy Issues
By Kristian Marø Henrichsen

2. Content
Introduction
• PEST - The conventional version
PEST • PESTE - With environment as an explicit factor
(English)
• Five forces (English)
• Fem krefter (norsk)
Porters
rammeverk • Value chain (English)
• Business situasjonsrammeverk
Victor Chengs
rammeverk
2

3. Victor
PEST Porters
Introduction Chengs
(English) rammeverk
rammeverk
Level 2 heading, text type: Ariel (Body), size 18, lowercase, aligned to left
Overall design used by all slides: Technic
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4. Victor
PEST Porters
Introduction Chengs
(English) rammeverk
rammeverk
The conventional version
• Ecological • Home economy • Lifestyle trends • Competing technology
Social
Political
Economic
Technological
• Current legislation situation • Demographics development
• Future legislation • Home economy trends • Consumer attitudes and • Research funding
• International legislation • Overseas economies opinions • Associated/dependent
• Regulatory bodies and and trends • Media views technologies
processes • General taxation issues • Law changes affecting • Replacement
• Government policies • Taxation specific to social factors technology/solutions
• Government term and product/services • Brand, company, • Maturity of technology
change • Seasonality/weather technology image • Manufacturing maturity
• Trading policies issues • Consumer buying and capacity
• Funding, grants and • Market and trade cycles patterns • Information and
initiatives • Specific industry factors • Fashion and role communications
• Home Market • Market routes and models • Consumer buying
lobbying/pressure distribution trends • Major events and mechanisms/technology
groups • Customer/end-user influences • Technology legislation
• International pressure drivers • Buying access and • Innovation potential
groups • Interest and exchange trends • Technology access,
• Wars and conflicts rates • Ethnic/religious factors licensing, patents
• International • Advertising and publicity • Intellectual property
trade/monetary issues • Ethical issues issues
• Global communications
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5. Victor
PEST Porters
Introduction Chengs
(English) rammeverk
rammeverk
With environment as an explicitly mentioned factor
• • Home economy situation • Lifestyle trends • Competing technology •
Social
Political
Environmental
Economic
Technological
Current legislation Weather issues
• Future legislation • Home economy trends • Demographics development • Climate change
• International legislation • Overseas economies and • Consumer attitudes and • Research funding • Global warming
• Regulatory bodies and trends opinions • Associated/dependent • Shift in demand and supply
processes • General taxation issues • Media views technologies patterns
• Government policies • Taxation specific to • Law changes affecting • Replacement • Green taxes and subsidies
• Government term and product/services social factors technology/solutions • New business opportunities
change • Seasonality • Brand, company, • Maturity of technology • Ecological
• Trading policies • Market and trade cycles technology image • Manufacturing maturity and • Environmental issues
• Funding, grants and • Specific industry factors • Consumer buying patterns capacity
initiatives • Market routes and • Fashion and role models • Information and
• Home Market distribution trends • Major events and communications
lobbying/pressure groups • Customer/end-user drivers influences • Consumer buying
• • Buying access and trends mechanisms/technology
International pressure • Interest and exchange
groups rates • Ethnic/religious factors • Technology legislation
• Wars and conflicts • International • Advertising and publicity • Innovation potential
trade/monetary issues • Ethical issues • Technology access,
licensing, patents
• Intellectual property issues
• Global communications
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6. Victor
PEST Porters
Introduction Chengs
(English) rammeverk
rammeverk
Five forces (English)
Substitutes Rivalry Suppliers
• Many close substitutes • Many similar sized firms • Few supplies
• Low switching cost (from you • High sunk cost in industry • High switching cost
product) • Low levels of capacity utilisation • Suppliers can integrate forward
• Shrinking market
• Low brand loyalty/differentiation
New Entry Buyers
• Low entry cost/initial investment
• Low learning effect on firm level Threat • Few big buyers
• Low switching cost
• No government • Buyers can integrate backward
policies/protection
• Low brand loyalty
level in
• No threat of price war
• Incumbent firms don’t control
the supplies
industry
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7. Victor
PEST Porters
Introduction Chengs
(English) rammeverk
rammeverk
Fem krefter (Norsk)
Substitutter Rivalisering Leverandører
• Mange nære substitutter • Mange like store selskaper • Få leverandører
• Lav kostnad for å bytte produkt • Lav merkelojalitet / diff. • Høy byttekostnad (for å bytte
• Krympende MS leverandør)
(må ta MA fra hverandre) • Leverandører kan integrere
• Kostnadsstruktur fremover
(Høy sunk cost/lav MK) • Lav profitt blant leverandører
• Lav kapasitetsutnyttelse
Nye entreer Kunder
• Lav inv.kostn. + lav merkelojalitet • Få kunder
• Lav læringskurveeffekt på • Lav kostnad for å bytte produkt
selskapsnivå
• Ingen beskyttelse fra statlig Attraktivitet • Kunder kan integrere bakover
• Lav profitt blant kundene
regulering, patenter
• Ingen trussel om priskrig
• Eksisterende selskap kontrollerer
i industrien
ikke leverandører
• Høy profitt
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8. Victor
PEST Porters
Introduction Chengs
(English) rammeverk
rammeverk
Value chain (English)
Supporting Activities:
Firm Infrastructure
Human Resource Management
Technology
Procurement
M
a
r
g
Inbound Outbound Sales and
Operations Service i
Logistics Logistics Marketing
n
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9. Victor
PEST Porters
Introduction Chengs
(English) rammeverk
rammeverk
Business situasjonsrammeverk
For nye produkter, ny entreer i et marked, strategi, ”hva er galt med selskapet og hva
gjør vi med det” - situasjoner, ser man ofte på fire nøkkelområder.
Legg merke til at P5K er integrert i rammeverket
Kunden Produktet Selskap Konkurranse
•Id. k.segm. (str, trend, % MS) •Kval. egenskaper •Id. eksp. og kapabiliteter** •Trussel rivalisering*
•Hva vil hvert k.segm. ha? •Homogen eller diff. vare? •Id. distr.kanaler •Trussel nye entreer*
•Bet.svilje per k.segm? •Id. kompl. (trend?) •Kostn.struktur? •FM leverandører*
•Distr.kanalpref. fra hvert •Id. Subst.* Høye FixCost/lav MK*
k.segm. •Prod.livssyklus(nye/gamle) •Inv.kostn.
•FM k.* •Muligheter for bundling? •Finansiell situasjon.
•Kostn. per enhet •IE (merkevare, eksp. ol.)
•Hvor mange enheter trenger man å selge for å gå break even?
•Husk på: Mest relevante elementer, eksternaliteter, spillteori, utnytte/kvitte seg med
ledig kap.?
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