Strategies and Priorities for African Agriculture Panel Discussion at IFPRI 3 October 2012 by Xinshen Diao, Deputy Division Director, Development Strategy and Governance Division, IFPRI.
The document discusses entrepreneurial opportunities in Nigeria's agrifood system. It begins by defining agrifood system and expanded agriculture. Nigeria has strong natural advantages for agriculture but is underperforming due to issues like underinvestment, low productivity, and imports of agricultural goods. However, there are significant opportunities to grow agricultural output and exports by improving yields, increasing cultivated land area, and shifting to higher-value crops. The document outlines funding sources and new initiatives to support agriculture financing and entrepreneurship. It defines the role of entrepreneurs in identifying and exploiting opportunities across agricultural value chains in Nigeria.
The document discusses factors that affect recovery after natural disasters, using examples from Aceh, Indonesia after the 2004 tsunami. It finds that:
1) Massive aid can help rebuild physical capital like housing quickly but also introduces outside influences that change village life.
2) Aid was largely uncoordinated, with many NGOs competing and little oversight, affecting recovery trajectories across villages.
3) The type of aid agency, whether it was also the donor or just an implementer, affected the quality and sustainability of rebuilding efforts and level of community participation.
4) Introducing elections for village heads after the disaster shifted power from elites and was correlated with less community volunteerism in rebuilding
This document summarizes a study on poverty transitions in rural Bangladesh between 1996-97 and 2006-07. It finds that while poverty declined substantially over this period, some households remained chronically poor. Initial characteristics like education levels and assets affected poverty status, as did common shocks like illness and death of earners. Life histories revealed that dowry payments combined with health expenses sometimes pushed households into chronic poverty. The study concludes there is still work to do in increasing education, building assets, and providing protection from risks like illness through mechanisms like microinsurance.
Miningindaba2013vedanta strategicprioritiesinafrica20130206Vedanta Group
Vedanta Resources outlines its strategic priorities in Africa. It has invested over $4 billion in African mining and is a major producer of zinc, copper, and iron ore in Africa. Its priorities are to deliver production growth across its portfolio, add reserves and resources, complete projects safely, pursue attractive investments, and partner with governments and communities. Sustainability is integral to its business strategy.
This document summarizes a lecture on achieving global food and nutrition security in the 21st century. It outlines four key "game changers" needed: (1) partnerships to produce and expand access to affordable, nutrient-dense foods, (2) partnerships empowering small farmers, the hungry and women, (3) scaling sustainable circular food economy innovations, and (4) leaders inspiring action. It discusses issues like the burden of malnutrition, economic costs, and the need for new collaboration to reduce food waste from farm to fork. The goal is a paradigm shift to avoid a "food cliff" and ensure all people have access to sufficient, nutritious food.
The document summarizes the 2010 Global Hunger Index which measures and ranks countries on indicators related to hunger. It finds that child undernutrition contributes nearly half of the global hunger score and recommends targeting nutrition interventions during the critical 1000 day period from pregnancy to age 2. Countries need to accelerate progress on child nutrition to improve their hunger index rankings.
This document discusses positioning nutrition in post-2015 development goals. It outlines the key accomplishments and limitations of nutrition under the MDGs. It then examines the principles guiding post-2015 discussions and how nutrition can contribute to new goals. Potential new goal candidates and views from experts are presented, focusing on reducing malnutrition. The document considers options to include nutrition, prioritizing goals that have high impact and adoption likelihood.
This document summarizes a presentation given by Nadim Khouri on food security and development in the Arab world. It discusses short-term effects of political transitions, weaknesses in governance indicators, increasing social measures to address food insecurity, scenarios for deeper Arab economic integration, and a new framework from the Committee on World Food Security. It proposes ways forward such as funding, governance reforms, land management reforms, and social safety net reforms. It also identifies remaining knowledge gaps around these issues.
The document discusses entrepreneurial opportunities in Nigeria's agrifood system. It begins by defining agrifood system and expanded agriculture. Nigeria has strong natural advantages for agriculture but is underperforming due to issues like underinvestment, low productivity, and imports of agricultural goods. However, there are significant opportunities to grow agricultural output and exports by improving yields, increasing cultivated land area, and shifting to higher-value crops. The document outlines funding sources and new initiatives to support agriculture financing and entrepreneurship. It defines the role of entrepreneurs in identifying and exploiting opportunities across agricultural value chains in Nigeria.
The document discusses factors that affect recovery after natural disasters, using examples from Aceh, Indonesia after the 2004 tsunami. It finds that:
1) Massive aid can help rebuild physical capital like housing quickly but also introduces outside influences that change village life.
2) Aid was largely uncoordinated, with many NGOs competing and little oversight, affecting recovery trajectories across villages.
3) The type of aid agency, whether it was also the donor or just an implementer, affected the quality and sustainability of rebuilding efforts and level of community participation.
4) Introducing elections for village heads after the disaster shifted power from elites and was correlated with less community volunteerism in rebuilding
This document summarizes a study on poverty transitions in rural Bangladesh between 1996-97 and 2006-07. It finds that while poverty declined substantially over this period, some households remained chronically poor. Initial characteristics like education levels and assets affected poverty status, as did common shocks like illness and death of earners. Life histories revealed that dowry payments combined with health expenses sometimes pushed households into chronic poverty. The study concludes there is still work to do in increasing education, building assets, and providing protection from risks like illness through mechanisms like microinsurance.
Miningindaba2013vedanta strategicprioritiesinafrica20130206Vedanta Group
Vedanta Resources outlines its strategic priorities in Africa. It has invested over $4 billion in African mining and is a major producer of zinc, copper, and iron ore in Africa. Its priorities are to deliver production growth across its portfolio, add reserves and resources, complete projects safely, pursue attractive investments, and partner with governments and communities. Sustainability is integral to its business strategy.
This document summarizes a lecture on achieving global food and nutrition security in the 21st century. It outlines four key "game changers" needed: (1) partnerships to produce and expand access to affordable, nutrient-dense foods, (2) partnerships empowering small farmers, the hungry and women, (3) scaling sustainable circular food economy innovations, and (4) leaders inspiring action. It discusses issues like the burden of malnutrition, economic costs, and the need for new collaboration to reduce food waste from farm to fork. The goal is a paradigm shift to avoid a "food cliff" and ensure all people have access to sufficient, nutritious food.
The document summarizes the 2010 Global Hunger Index which measures and ranks countries on indicators related to hunger. It finds that child undernutrition contributes nearly half of the global hunger score and recommends targeting nutrition interventions during the critical 1000 day period from pregnancy to age 2. Countries need to accelerate progress on child nutrition to improve their hunger index rankings.
This document discusses positioning nutrition in post-2015 development goals. It outlines the key accomplishments and limitations of nutrition under the MDGs. It then examines the principles guiding post-2015 discussions and how nutrition can contribute to new goals. Potential new goal candidates and views from experts are presented, focusing on reducing malnutrition. The document considers options to include nutrition, prioritizing goals that have high impact and adoption likelihood.
This document summarizes a presentation given by Nadim Khouri on food security and development in the Arab world. It discusses short-term effects of political transitions, weaknesses in governance indicators, increasing social measures to address food insecurity, scenarios for deeper Arab economic integration, and a new framework from the Committee on World Food Security. It proposes ways forward such as funding, governance reforms, land management reforms, and social safety net reforms. It also identifies remaining knowledge gaps around these issues.
Nigeria has since forgotten Agriculture as its major export commodity and foreign exchage earner. The figures in this presentation are alarming, we need to go back to Agriculture.
The document discusses entrepreneurial opportunities in Nigeria's agrifood system. It begins by defining agrifood system and expanded agriculture. Nigeria has strong natural advantages for agriculture but is underperforming due to issues like underinvestment, low productivity, and imports of agricultural goods. However, there are significant opportunities to grow agricultural output and exports by improving yields, increasing cultivated land area, and shifting to higher-value crops. The document outlines funding sources and new initiatives to support agriculture financing and entrepreneurship. It defines the role of entrepreneurs in identifying and exploiting opportunities across agricultural value chains in Nigeria.
1) The document discusses investments needed to meet key goals of the SADC Regional Indicative Strategic Development Plan (SADC-RISDP) and the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) in Southern Africa by 2015.
2) It finds that current levels of public investment in agriculture in the region are low and not sufficient to achieve the goals. Agricultural spending averages only 2.4% of total public spending.
3) The document estimates that countries will need to increase agricultural spending by 20-30% annually based on returns to investments. Higher investments are needed in areas like infrastructure, extension, research, and inputs to boost agricultural productivity.
The document summarizes the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) which aims to boost agricultural growth in Africa. Some key points:
1) CAADP sets a target growth rate of 6% for the agricultural sector to help achieve poverty reduction goals.
2) Since CAADP was established, 18 countries have maintained over 5.5% economic growth and 10 countries have met the 6% agricultural growth target.
3) CAADP promotes agriculture-led development through four pillars of investment and aims to increase national agriculture budgets to 10% of total spending.
4) 39 African countries have started the CAADP process, 29 have signed compacts, and 6 are
This document discusses partnerships between various organizations for bean research and development in Africa, and the collaboration between TLII and PABRA specifically. It maps out PABRA's country partnerships across Central and East Africa, and outlines shared breeding responsibilities between national agricultural research systems, CIAT, and others. It also describes the structures of PABRA networks, existing linkages to other organizations, and opportunities for complementarity between projects. Seed systems are a focus, with trends over time toward more programmatic and impact-oriented systems highlighted.
CAPACITY BUILDING FOR COMMON BEAN IMPROVEMENT IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICARUFORUM
This document summarizes Clare Mukankusi Mugisha's work in capacity building for common bean improvement in Sub-Saharan Africa. It outlines her roles in various organizations, including research on disease resistance. It also describes the Pan-Africa Bean Research Alliance's efforts to improve bean varieties and farming practices through training programs. Charts show the distribution of trainees by degree and country. The goal is to increase access to more productive and nutritious bean varieties for smallholder farmers through collaborative research.
Presentation from the Informal Consultation on Livestock Issues between the FAO Animal Production and Health Division and interested Non-Governmental Organizations. 1–2 December 2009 Italy, Rome FAO Headquarters.
[ Originally posted on http://www.cop-ppld.net/cop_knowledge_base ]
This document summarizes findings from a review of how health insurance systems in different countries integrate and provide coverage for HIV/AIDS services. Key findings include:
- Integrating HIV services into social health insurance (SHI) systems is more challenging for low-income countries due to factors like HIV prevalence and poverty rates.
- Countries that have included HIV services in SHI tend to already have functioning health insurance systems in place. Including HIV coverage is essentially a political decision.
- Coverage can be progressively increased to include more populations, costs, and services over time, supported by external aid including HIV financing.
- Case studies of Ghana and South Africa show integration of HIV services into their SHI systems is
Ciat overview wecabren sc, nov 2010 [compatibility mode]CIAT
This document provides an overview of CIAT-SABRN (Pan-Africa Bean Research Network) and its goals, partnerships, and activities. The network aims to improve nutrition, health, food security, incomes and natural resources through bean research. It works with national agricultural research systems across Africa and development partners to develop stress-tolerant and nutrient-rich bean varieties, as well as approaches to disseminate seeds and technologies. The network focuses on developing germplasm suited for various markets and resilient to biotic and abiotic stresses like diseases, pests, drought and low soil fertility. It also supports efforts to strengthen African soil information services and regional seed systems.
The document summarizes the work of Tropical Legumes II (TLII) to develop seed systems that maximize impact for poor farmers in drought-prone regions. TLII works with over 180 partners including research institutions, private sector companies, and farmer organizations. The goals are to increase production and productivity of grain legumes by 15% and have 30% of total area planted with improved varieties, potentially benefiting 57 million farmers. Activities focus on providing farmers access to drought-tolerant varieties, stimulating private sector involvement, and targeting projects to specific countries and crops. Impact will be measured through monitoring seed production, distribution, marketing, and other factors.
Under-research crops and livestock as key contributors to food security in Af...ACIAR
Under-research crops and livestock as key contributors to food security in Africa - Dr Appolinaire Djikeng, Technology Manager, Biosciences Eastern and Central Africa (BecA) Hub
This document summarizes research on banana value chains and the implications of integrating gender. It discusses a project aimed at reducing post-harvest losses and promoting product differentiation in the cooking banana value chain in East Africa. Studies examined banana-based beverages in the region and lessons from case studies in Uganda, Burundi, Rwanda, and the DRC found that banana plantations are controlled by men, women have limited land access, and gender norms restrict women's entrepreneurship. The document outlines objectives to assess banana beverage production's importance for livelihoods in several East African countries and common practices in the artisanal production process.
This document discusses options for what an ex-Director General of the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) could do after retiring, and outlines Pedro Sanchez's vision for achieving a second African Green Revolution. The 3 main options are: 1) retire and fish, 2) shift to rural development work, or 3) focus on strategic tropical soils research. The document then outlines components needed for a successful African Green Revolution, including improved soils, water, seeds, nutrition, markets, policies, and politics. Case studies from countries achieving yield increases are presented, along with a vision for scaling up efforts through government leadership, organic inputs, access to credit, private sector partnerships, closing yield gaps, improved extension services, and reducing
1. National level – stakeholder processes ongoing or coming soon
2. Donor collaboration – thematic priorities
affirmed by IADG meeting Sept 16-18
followed up by lead agency per theme
The document summarizes seed production and marketing efforts in Kenya and Ethiopia between September 2008 and February 2009. Key points include:
1. Over 128 metric tons of seed for drought-tolerant varieties were produced by partners in both countries, exceeding initial targets.
2. Seed was marketed through various approaches including agro-dealers, open markets, and farmer-to-farmer exchange, with over 225,000 customers reached.
3. Lessons highlighted the importance of decentralized seed production and diversifying partnerships to ensure stable and accessible seed supply, especially for marginal areas.
These set of slides were presented at the BEP Seminar "Targeting in Development Projects: Approaches, challenges, and lessons learned" held last Oct. 2, 2023 in Cairo, Egypt
Caitlin Welsh
POLICY SEMINAR
Food System Repercussions of the Russia-Ukraine War
2023 Borlaug Dialogue Breakout session
Co-organized by IFPRI and CGIAR
OCT 26, 2023 - 1:10 TO 2:10PM EDT
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Nigeria has since forgotten Agriculture as its major export commodity and foreign exchage earner. The figures in this presentation are alarming, we need to go back to Agriculture.
The document discusses entrepreneurial opportunities in Nigeria's agrifood system. It begins by defining agrifood system and expanded agriculture. Nigeria has strong natural advantages for agriculture but is underperforming due to issues like underinvestment, low productivity, and imports of agricultural goods. However, there are significant opportunities to grow agricultural output and exports by improving yields, increasing cultivated land area, and shifting to higher-value crops. The document outlines funding sources and new initiatives to support agriculture financing and entrepreneurship. It defines the role of entrepreneurs in identifying and exploiting opportunities across agricultural value chains in Nigeria.
1) The document discusses investments needed to meet key goals of the SADC Regional Indicative Strategic Development Plan (SADC-RISDP) and the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) in Southern Africa by 2015.
2) It finds that current levels of public investment in agriculture in the region are low and not sufficient to achieve the goals. Agricultural spending averages only 2.4% of total public spending.
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The document summarizes the Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development Programme (CAADP) which aims to boost agricultural growth in Africa. Some key points:
1) CAADP sets a target growth rate of 6% for the agricultural sector to help achieve poverty reduction goals.
2) Since CAADP was established, 18 countries have maintained over 5.5% economic growth and 10 countries have met the 6% agricultural growth target.
3) CAADP promotes agriculture-led development through four pillars of investment and aims to increase national agriculture budgets to 10% of total spending.
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This document discusses partnerships between various organizations for bean research and development in Africa, and the collaboration between TLII and PABRA specifically. It maps out PABRA's country partnerships across Central and East Africa, and outlines shared breeding responsibilities between national agricultural research systems, CIAT, and others. It also describes the structures of PABRA networks, existing linkages to other organizations, and opportunities for complementarity between projects. Seed systems are a focus, with trends over time toward more programmatic and impact-oriented systems highlighted.
CAPACITY BUILDING FOR COMMON BEAN IMPROVEMENT IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICARUFORUM
This document summarizes Clare Mukankusi Mugisha's work in capacity building for common bean improvement in Sub-Saharan Africa. It outlines her roles in various organizations, including research on disease resistance. It also describes the Pan-Africa Bean Research Alliance's efforts to improve bean varieties and farming practices through training programs. Charts show the distribution of trainees by degree and country. The goal is to increase access to more productive and nutritious bean varieties for smallholder farmers through collaborative research.
Presentation from the Informal Consultation on Livestock Issues between the FAO Animal Production and Health Division and interested Non-Governmental Organizations. 1–2 December 2009 Italy, Rome FAO Headquarters.
[ Originally posted on http://www.cop-ppld.net/cop_knowledge_base ]
This document summarizes findings from a review of how health insurance systems in different countries integrate and provide coverage for HIV/AIDS services. Key findings include:
- Integrating HIV services into social health insurance (SHI) systems is more challenging for low-income countries due to factors like HIV prevalence and poverty rates.
- Countries that have included HIV services in SHI tend to already have functioning health insurance systems in place. Including HIV coverage is essentially a political decision.
- Coverage can be progressively increased to include more populations, costs, and services over time, supported by external aid including HIV financing.
- Case studies of Ghana and South Africa show integration of HIV services into their SHI systems is
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The document summarizes the work of Tropical Legumes II (TLII) to develop seed systems that maximize impact for poor farmers in drought-prone regions. TLII works with over 180 partners including research institutions, private sector companies, and farmer organizations. The goals are to increase production and productivity of grain legumes by 15% and have 30% of total area planted with improved varieties, potentially benefiting 57 million farmers. Activities focus on providing farmers access to drought-tolerant varieties, stimulating private sector involvement, and targeting projects to specific countries and crops. Impact will be measured through monitoring seed production, distribution, marketing, and other factors.
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This document discusses options for what an ex-Director General of the World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF) could do after retiring, and outlines Pedro Sanchez's vision for achieving a second African Green Revolution. The 3 main options are: 1) retire and fish, 2) shift to rural development work, or 3) focus on strategic tropical soils research. The document then outlines components needed for a successful African Green Revolution, including improved soils, water, seeds, nutrition, markets, policies, and politics. Case studies from countries achieving yield increases are presented, along with a vision for scaling up efforts through government leadership, organic inputs, access to credit, private sector partnerships, closing yield gaps, improved extension services, and reducing
1. National level – stakeholder processes ongoing or coming soon
2. Donor collaboration – thematic priorities
affirmed by IADG meeting Sept 16-18
followed up by lead agency per theme
The document summarizes seed production and marketing efforts in Kenya and Ethiopia between September 2008 and February 2009. Key points include:
1. Over 128 metric tons of seed for drought-tolerant varieties were produced by partners in both countries, exceeding initial targets.
2. Seed was marketed through various approaches including agro-dealers, open markets, and farmer-to-farmer exchange, with over 225,000 customers reached.
3. Lessons highlighted the importance of decentralized seed production and diversifying partnerships to ensure stable and accessible seed supply, especially for marginal areas.
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More from International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) (20)
2023 Global Report on Food Crises: Joint Analysis for Better Decisions
Strategies and Priorities for African Agriculture
1. Strategies and Priorities for
African Agriculture
– Economywide Perspectives from Country Studies
Edited by Xinshen Diao, James Thurlow, Samuel Benin, and Shenggen Fan
Key Findings and Highlights
IFPRI Policy Seminar
October 3, 2012
Xinshen Diao
INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE
2. Background: Research Motivation
Debates on the role of African agriculture in early
2000s
Calling for evidence-based policies
Calling for an economy-wide approach
Comprehensive Africa Agriculture Development
Programme (CAADP) started in 2003
Targeting 6% annual growth rate in agriculture
Allocating at least 10% of public resources to
agriculture
IFPRI-CAADP agreement
Strengthening analytic support to CAADP process
Emphasizing the role of research in formulating
agricultural development strategies at country level
INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE
3. Background: Recent Developments
Increases in world food prices have made agricultural
growth an imperative for food security
Recent commitment of G-8 and African leaders to the
New Alliance for Food Security and Nutrition
Recent initiative Grow Africa focused on empowering
small scale farmers
More public resources allocated to agriculture:
13 of 32 countries with available data allocated more public
resources to agriculture now than before CAADP
8 countries reached the 10% allocation target
African agriculture grew 3.4% per year over 2001-10
For the first time, agriculture growth was higher than Africa’s
population growth rate of 2.5%
INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE
4. Research Questions
Within the context of the CAADP, what is agriculture’s
potential contribution to future development in
Africa?
What should be the priorities among different
subsectors in agriculture?
Is 6% agricultural growth enough to achieve poverty-
and hunger-reduction goals?
How many resources are required to support the
necessary agricultural growth?
How should limited public resources be prioritized?
INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE
5. Selection of Case Studies: A Typology of African
Countries
Rural poor more than half of poor population Rural poor less than
half of poor
Agriculture more than 30% of Agriculture less than 30%
population
GDP GDP
More-favorable agro-ecological conditions
Coastal Benin Cote d’Ivoire South Africa
Ghana Kenya The Gambia
Tanzania Mauritius
Togo Mozambique
Senegal
Landlocked Burkina Faso Lesotho
Ethiopia Swaziland
Malawi Uganda
Mali Zimbabwe
Mineral Central African Republic Chad Angola
Democratic Republic of the Congo Equatorial Guinea Cameroon
Nigeria Guinea Republic of Congo
Sudan Zambia Botswana
South Sudan
Less-favorable agro-ecological conditions
Burundi Eritrea Cape Verde
Niger Madagascar
Rwanda Mauritania
Namibia
Sources: GDP and poverty data from World Bank. Agro-ecological and geographic classifications from Diao et al. (2007)
6. Key finding 1: Agriculture-led growth has the largest
impact on reducing poverty rates
% change in national poverty rate resulting from a 1%
increase in total GDP growth rate
Uganda
Tanzania
Rwanda
Nigeria
Kenya
Ghana
Ethiopia
-2.5 -2 -1.5 -1 -0.5 0
Nonagriculture-led growth Agriculture-led growth Baseline growth
Source: Authors, based on results reported in the country case studies
Notes: The poverty rate is calculated according to national poverty line. Differences in the definition of national poverty lines
mean that comparison can be made across sectors but not countries. n.a. = not available because the nonagricultural growth
simulation was not run for this country. Malawi, Mozambique, and Zambia are omitted because no baseline elasticity was
INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE
reported
7. Key finding 2: Food staples have stronger growth linkages
Change in total gross domestic product (GDP)
Staple foods Export crops
Country Multiplier Lead sector Multiplier Lead sector
Ethiopia 1.13 All cereals 1.04 All export crops
1.06 Livestock
Kenya 2.39 All cereals 2.62 All export crops
2.68 Horticulture
Malawi 1.11 Maize 1.05 Tobacco
1.78 Nonmaize cereals 1.06 Other export crops
1.27 Roots
Mozambique 1.42 Maize 1.48 Traditional export crops
1.71 Roots 0.83 Biofuel crops
Nigeria 1.28 Maize 0.70 All export crops
1.86 Pulses and oilseeds
Tanzania 1.21 Sorghum and millet 1.15 All export crops
1.70 Livestock
Uganda 1.32 All cereals 0.62 All export crops
1.39 Horticulture
Zambia 1.63 All cereals 0.30 All export crops
1.88 Roots
1.75 Livestock
Source: Authors, based on results reported in the country case studies
Notes: The change is calculated as that caused by a one-unit change in gross domestic product driven by the lead sector
specified. In Kenya case, the multiplier is based on fixed prices and unconstrained resources.
8. Key finding 3: Food staple growth is more pro-poor
% change in national poverty rate from a 1% increase in GDP growth rate
Staple foods Export crops
Country Poverty-growth Lead sector Poverty-growth Lead sector
elasticity elasticity
Ethiopia -1.40 All cereals -1.16 All export crops
Kenya -2.13 All food crops -1.90 All export crops
Malawi -0.74 Maize -0.62 Tobacco
-0.85 Horticulture -0.57 Other export crops
Mozambique -0.73 Maize -0.29 Traditional export
-0.65 All cereals -0.43 crops
Biofuel crops
Nigeria -1.01 All cereals -0.81 All export crops
-0.92 Roots
Rwanda -2.39 Maize -1.81 Coffee
-2.59 Pulses -1.63 Tea
Tanzania -1.09 Maize -1.00 All export crops
Uganda -1.07 Roots -0.64 All export crops
-1.38 Horticulture
Zambia -0.27 All cereals -0.25 All export crops
-0.33 Roots
Source: Authors, based on results reported in the country case studies
Notes: Ghana is not shown because detailed sector elasticity was not calculated for this country
9. Key finding 4: Returns to public investment in staple
sectors is high – An example from Rwanda
Ratio of GDP/investment Ratio of AgGDP/investment
Grains 2.75 2.73
Maize 7.02 6.59
Rice 1.41 1.22
Roots and tubers 5.03 4.65
Cassava 5.48 4.61
Potatoes 5.88 5.66
Sweet potatoes 2.53 2.22
Other staple crops
Pulses 9.09 8.21
Bananas 5.35 4.94
Oilseeds 5.89 4.73
Export crops 1.02 1.24
Coffee 1.01 1.74
Tea 1.95 2.52
Livestock 2.02 1.90
Agriculture total 3.19 3.11
Sources: Authors’ calculation using the DCGE model results combined with the public investment data from Rwanda, MINAGRI
(2007)
Note: Returns are measured as increases in GDP or agricultural GDP over time discounted to the current value (10% of
discount rate) and costs are measured by planned public investment 2006-15 at the base-year price combined with recurrent
spending over time discounted to the current value (10% of discount rate)
10. Lessons for African Development Strategies
Broad growth is crucial
Agriculture remains a key development sector in all studied
countries despite the diversity in their agro-ecological conditions and
economic structure
Broad-based growth provides opportunities to majority of farmers
any narrowly defined single agricultural subsector is unlikely to
generate enough economy-wide growth or to significantly
reduce national poverty
The composition of agricultural growth matters
The poverty impact of an agricultural subsector’s growth should be
at the top of the agenda in an agricultural strategy
Need to consider how subsectors are linked to the rest of economy
in setting priorities
Targeting investments in the relatively large agricultural sector is
essential to have agriculture as an engine of economy-wide growth
Market opportunities must be considered when setting up priorities
INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE
11. Research Beyond This Book
Better integration of investment analysis into the
economy-wide framework
Detailed investment data at the country level is needed for
better econometric analyses – Efforts through ReSAKSS and
country SAKSSs
Necessary not only to identify net aggregate impacts but also to
specify impact pathways - need to know not only “what” but also
“why” in order to prioritize public investment
Understanding how investments interact with each other is
crucial
Looking beyond poverty (e.g. agriculture-nutrition link)
Incorporating risk and social protection
Monitoring and evaluation – a proposal for Agriculture
Transformation Index (ATI)
INTERNATIONAL FOOD POLICY RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Editor's Notes
On 17 February 2012 Ministers responsible for agriculture from seven African countries (Ethiopia, Ghana, Rwanda, Burkina Faso, Kenya and Mozambique and Tanzania) gathered in Dares-Salaam to discuss strategies for development and investment in the sector under a new regional body called - "Grow Africa".
Investment includes irrigation (mainly for rice, high value horticulture, coffee and tea), marshland development (mainly for rice), terracing, and livestock-related, which can be defined as sector specific. Investment as rural road, R&E, rural financing, and agricultural institution cannot be sector specific, which is assumed proportionally to sector specific investment. Recurrent spending is also assumed to be proportional to sector specific investment. Fertilizer and seed subsidies are sector specific and are treated as part of recurrent spending.For each dollar of public investment in agriculture, it generates 3.19 additional dollar GDP in q=which 3.11 dollar is increases in agricultural GDP.
Extending the methodology and analysis:Better integration of investment analysis in the economywide framework – detail investment data at the country level needed for the econometric analysis; – econometrics usually estimates net aggregate impacts without identifying specific impact pathways, i.e., we need to know not only what but also why in order to prioritizing public investment– Understanding how investments interact with each other is crucialBetter modeling farm and household behaviorCapturing distributional effectsLooking beyond income (e.g., nutrition outcome)Incorporating risk and social protection