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Ias presentation social_health_insurance_lamontagne
This document summarizes findings from a review of how health insurance systems in different countries integrate and provide coverage for HIV/AIDS services. Key findings include: - Integrating HIV services into social health insurance (SHI) systems is more challenging for low-income countries due to factors like HIV prevalence and poverty rates. - Countries that have included HIV services in SHI tend to already have functioning health insurance systems in place. Including HIV coverage is essentially a political decision. - Coverage can be progressively increased to include more populations, costs, and services over time, supported by external aid including HIV financing. - Case studies of Ghana and South Africa show integration of HIV services into their SHI systems is
Ias presentation social_health_insurance_lamontagne
- 1. From universal accessto universal coverage How does health insurance mechanisms and HIV interact: Overview of country experience Erik Lamontagne, Ole Doetinchem, Robert Greener Systems Integration, UNAIDS Geneva Bridging the Divide: Interdisciplinary Partnerships for HIV and Health Systems Vienna, Austria, 16-17 July 2010
- 2. Coverage of AIDSservices
- 3. Different types ofmechanisms private health insurance social health insurance public tax-funded provision
- 4. The review ofcountry experiences •Questionnaire on country situation: how is the overall health insurance and how HIV is eventually integrated •Excellent response rate (65/71) countries •Country analysed in terms of their vulnerability •Vulnerability level: incorporates proxy measures of – Poverty rate – Extend of the informal economy (see World Social Security Report 2010)
- 5. Country characteristics Government health expenditure Classification using vulnerability index is coherent with usual characteristics No clear trend of HIV prevalence Among vulnerability groups of countries
- 6. Health insurance coverage Blue:% country including health insurance Green: proportion of providing ART coverage Orange: proportion of SHI providing PMTCT
- 7. The case ofGhana
- 8. The case ofSouth Africa
- 9. Lessons to draw(1) • Introducing health insurance is not an automatic recipe for increasing revenue collection for health or HIV • Integrating HIV services in SHI: more challenging for low income countries ( f(prevalence) ) • Not a fatality: Ghana, South Africa and Rwanda • Countries that choose to include HIV services in SHI are mainly those already having a functioning health insurance system in place.
- 10. Lessons to draw(2) • The review shows that including HIV = essentially a political decision • Possibility to progressively increase coverage (pop, cost, services) • External aid, incl. HIV financing can support (and subsidise) progressive integration of HIV in SHI
- 11. Thank you contact: Erik Lamontagne: lamontagnee@unaids.org Geneva, UNAIDS
- 12. Annexe 50% Economic share of government Zimbabwe Lesotho 40% Congo Swaziland Government revenue as % of GNI Botswana South Africa 30% Namibia R2 = 0.1757 Ghana Malawi Mauritius 20% Djibouti Gambia Kenya Senegal Côte d'Ivoire Zambia Cameroon Burundi Togo Benin Mali Mauritania Niger Rwanda DR Congo Mozambique Burkina Faso Uganda Guinea-Bissau LeoneTanzania Ethiopia Sierra Madagascar Comoros 10% Gabon Guinea Central African Republic Nigeria Angola Chad 0% $100 $1,000 $10,000 GNI per capita $US
- 13. Health expenditures andGDP 9 9 8 8 Log Health Expenditures/capita Log Health Expenditures/capita 7 7 6 6 5 5 4 4 3 3 2 (most of ) Sub 2 Saharan Africa 1 1 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 10 11 11 12 12 Log GDP/capita Log GDP/capita Van der Gaag et al, Economics Reference Group, Dec 2009
- 14. Projection of healthfunding •GDP per capita is an almost perfect predictor of health expenditure per capita •The estimated income elasticity is higher than zero and close to or even higher than one. •This implies that health is regarded more as a “luxury good” than as a necessity (by the aggregate populations of most countries) •Based on projections of health funding to 2030, Van der Gaag et al (2009) concludes that: – over time (relatively fast growing) middle income countries may have sufficient funding… – …but (relatively slow growing) low income countries will need significant financial support for years to come.