STRATEGIC JOB ANALYSIS
AND COMPETENCY
MODELING
Dr. Hazel-Anne M. Johnson-Marcus
HRM-SMLR Rutgers University
Learning Objectives
1. Explain why doing a job analysis can be strategic.
2. Define job design and job redesign.
3. Describe workflow analysis
4. Define job description and person specification, and describe how
they are used.
5. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of different job
analysis methods.
6. Describe how to plan a job analysis.
7. Describe how to conduct a job analysis
8. Describe competency modeling and job rewards analysis
9. Describe how job descriptions can be used to enhance
employees’ ethical behavior
10. Describe how job analysis results can be improved through data
analytics
11. Describe how O*NET can help in a job analysis effort
Job Analysis
Job analysis: a systematic process of identifying and
describing the important aspects of a job and the
characteristics workers need to perform the job well.
Value creators: directly generate revenue, lower operating
costs, and increase capital efficiency (e.g., leaders of research
and development, marketing, human resources, or finance)
Value enablers: perform indispensable work that enables the
creators (e.g. leaders of support functions such as cybersecurity
or risk management)
Job Design and Redesign
Job design: specifying the content and method of doing
a job, and the relationship between jobs, to meet both
the technological and organizational job requirements
and the social and personal requirements of the worker.
Job redesign: changing the
job to increase work quality
or productivity
Job enrichment
Job enlargement
Job rotation
Workflow Analysis
Workflow Analysis
•Analyzes how work
progresses through the
organization to improve
efficiency by identifying
bottlenecks, redundant tasks,
and inefficient workspaces to
enable better resource use
5 steps
1. Identify what the
organization does
2. Identify how it gets this done
3. Identify why it does all of the
steps and tasks from #2
4. Identify improvement
opportunities
5. Evaluate whether employees
are needed for every task or if
automation might be better
Job Analysis for Staffing
A job analysis that produces a
valid selection system identifies
worker characteristics that:
Distinguish superior from average and
unacceptable workers;
Are not easily learned on the job; and
Exist to at least a moderate extent in
the applicant pool.
Future-oriented job analysis: job analysis technique for
analyzing new jobs or analyzing how jobs will look in the
future.
Legal Requirements
• If disabled applicants can perform the essential
functions of a job with reasonable accommodation, they
must be considered for the position
Essential functions are the fundamental duties or tasks of a
position (defined by the Americans with Disabilities Act)
• Be valid and identify the worker knowledge, skills,
abilities, and other characteristics necessary to ...
2Part 2 Meeting Human Resources Requirements3Chapter 4 J.docxgilbertkpeters11344
2
Part 2: Meeting Human Resources Requirements
3
Chapter 4: Job Analysis and Job design
Job Analysis and job design
A major purpose of this chapter is to impress on students the importance of job design and job descriptions in providing a foundation for an effective HR program. Emphasized in the chapter is the necessity for basing decisions involving the various HR functions on the requirements of the job. The contributions that accurate job descriptions can render to more effective employee performance and to an equal employment opportunity program are also emphasized. In the chapter the reader is made aware of the principal approaches to job analysis and the techniques to be used in preparing job descriptions and specifications.
Employees make important contributions to the organization through the design of their jobs and the freedom they are given to perform their work. This chapter concludes by discussing important concerns regarding how jobs are designed, including ergonomics, employee empowerment, and various employee involvement techniques. Special emphasis is given to employee teams and the characteristics of all successful teams.Chapter Learning Outcomes
Lecture Outline
A job can be defined as an activity people do for which they get paid, particularly as part of the trade or occupation they occupy.
I. What Is a Job Analysis and How Does It Affect Human Resources Management?
Figure 4.1 will be useful in the discussion on job analysis. Ask students to name job requirements that have the potential to negatively affect protected class members (for example, height or weight requirements).
A job analysis is the systematic process of collecting information about all of the parameters of a job—its basic responsibilities, the behaviors, skills, and the physical and mental requirements of the people who do it.
A.
Major Parts of the Job Analysis
The two major pieces of information that come out of a job analysis:
· A job description is a written document that describes the overall purpose of the job, and tasks, duties, and responsibilities, or what human resources personnel refer to as TDRs, and the qualifications needed to do it.
· Job specifications, or qualifications, are a part of the written job description and outline in detail the specific knowledge, skills, abilities, and other attributes (often referred to as KSAOs) required of the person performing the job.
The information in a job analysis is crucial to a number of HRM functions, including the following.
· Strategic HR planning—a job analysis is used to examine a company’s organizational structure and strategically position it for the future.
· Workflow analysis and job design—the information generated by a job analysis can also be used to analyze a company’s work processes—that is, how work is done.
· Recruitment and selection—the information provided via a job analysis are contained in job advertisements, whether they are posted on organizational bulletin boards, Internet s.
Identify the key stages in the recruitment process.
Discuss the importance of developing a job analysis and job descriptions.
Outline the different types of recruitment strategies.
List the advantages and disadvantages of different recruitment strategies.
2Part 2 Meeting Human Resources Requirements3Chapter 4 J.docxgilbertkpeters11344
2
Part 2: Meeting Human Resources Requirements
3
Chapter 4: Job Analysis and Job design
Job Analysis and job design
A major purpose of this chapter is to impress on students the importance of job design and job descriptions in providing a foundation for an effective HR program. Emphasized in the chapter is the necessity for basing decisions involving the various HR functions on the requirements of the job. The contributions that accurate job descriptions can render to more effective employee performance and to an equal employment opportunity program are also emphasized. In the chapter the reader is made aware of the principal approaches to job analysis and the techniques to be used in preparing job descriptions and specifications.
Employees make important contributions to the organization through the design of their jobs and the freedom they are given to perform their work. This chapter concludes by discussing important concerns regarding how jobs are designed, including ergonomics, employee empowerment, and various employee involvement techniques. Special emphasis is given to employee teams and the characteristics of all successful teams.Chapter Learning Outcomes
Lecture Outline
A job can be defined as an activity people do for which they get paid, particularly as part of the trade or occupation they occupy.
I. What Is a Job Analysis and How Does It Affect Human Resources Management?
Figure 4.1 will be useful in the discussion on job analysis. Ask students to name job requirements that have the potential to negatively affect protected class members (for example, height or weight requirements).
A job analysis is the systematic process of collecting information about all of the parameters of a job—its basic responsibilities, the behaviors, skills, and the physical and mental requirements of the people who do it.
A.
Major Parts of the Job Analysis
The two major pieces of information that come out of a job analysis:
· A job description is a written document that describes the overall purpose of the job, and tasks, duties, and responsibilities, or what human resources personnel refer to as TDRs, and the qualifications needed to do it.
· Job specifications, or qualifications, are a part of the written job description and outline in detail the specific knowledge, skills, abilities, and other attributes (often referred to as KSAOs) required of the person performing the job.
The information in a job analysis is crucial to a number of HRM functions, including the following.
· Strategic HR planning—a job analysis is used to examine a company’s organizational structure and strategically position it for the future.
· Workflow analysis and job design—the information generated by a job analysis can also be used to analyze a company’s work processes—that is, how work is done.
· Recruitment and selection—the information provided via a job analysis are contained in job advertisements, whether they are posted on organizational bulletin boards, Internet s.
Identify the key stages in the recruitment process.
Discuss the importance of developing a job analysis and job descriptions.
Outline the different types of recruitment strategies.
List the advantages and disadvantages of different recruitment strategies.
Job Analysis and Recruitment and SelectionAtul Chanodkar
- Job Analysis
- Job Description
- Job Specification
- Methods of Job Analysis
- Process of Job Analysis
- Purpose of Job Analysis
- Uses of Job Analysis Information
- Writing the Job Descriptions
- Writing Job Specification
- Recruitment and Selection
- Recruitment
- Selection
- Sources of Recruitment
- Methods of Selection
- Process of Selection
This ppt is the logical explanation of how job design and analysis helps the HR department to find or choose a perfect and efficient candidate for the organization. And a brief idea about the recruitment process and how it works.
Assignment 1 Victims’ Rights and the Dos and Don’ts of Interviewing.docxdaniatrappit
Assignment 1: Victims’ Rights and the Dos and Don’ts of Interviewing Crime Victims
You are a police investigator in Centervale. Recently, there have been complaints from prosecutors, as well as several victims, about the interview techniques used by law enforcement (both first responders and investigators). The prosecution is losing cases because of inadmissible statements made to law enforcement by victims and witnesses in response to improper questioning. Because of their bad experiences early in the investigations, some victims refuse to come to court and testify. There are continuous complaints by victim services specialists that first responders do not provide victims with all their rights as governed by law.
The chief of police in Centervale is concerned about lawsuits and unsatisfied victims and asks you, one of the most experienced detectives of the Centervale Police Department, to attend patrol briefings and train officers in some dos and don'ts of interviewing victims of crime, especially women and children. You are also asked to go over some of the most important victims' rights that could cause the most legal trouble if not followed properly by the Centervale Police Department.
You realize that a proper interviewing lesson could take eight to sixteen hours, and you know law enforcement must strictly follow numerous victims' rights, but you have been given only fifteen to twenty minutes in which to teach, what you feel is the most important information.
Submission Details:
By 9.00pm
Saturday, January 9, 2016
, in a minimum of 250 words, post to the
Discussion Area
your responses to the following:
Identify and describe the training information you feel would be most important, if you had only ten minutes to teach law enforcement officers about:
Interviewing women and children
Crime victims' rights
Give your reasoning for the training information that you identified as most important for both training programs.
Note
: Use the textbook readings, the Argosy University online library, and any other outside sources to complete this assignment.
.
Assignment 1 Trends in the WorkplaceDue Week 3 and worth 200 .docxdaniatrappit
Assignment 1: Trends in the Workplace
Due Week 3 and worth 200 points
According to the text, there are a number of key trends in the workplace that have significant influences on organizations. HR professionals play a key role in helping organizations respond to evolving trends, comply with federal and state regulations, and manage workplace flexibility. As an HR professional it is important for you to demonstrate your understanding of the ever changing global environment.
Write a five to seven (5-7) page paper in which you:
Specify the key functional areas of Human Resources Management. Explore the manner in which each function contributes to the overall performance of an organization. Support your response with specific examples of the activities for which HRM is typically responsible.
Examine four (4) federal equal employment opportunity laws. Suggest the primary manner in which each law influences fair employment practices within the organization where you currently work or an organization for which you have worked in the past. Support your response with specific examples of the chosen organization’s employment practices.
According to the text, there are three (3) significant trends affecting organizations today: the aging workforce, diversity, and skills deficiencies in the workplace. Analyze the primary manner in which each of these three (3) trends has impacted the organization where you currently work or one (1) where you have worked in the past. Support your response with specific examples of said impact.
According to the text, workplace flexibility is essential for organizational success in the rapidly changing world. Explore two (2) ways that the organization where you currently work, or one (1) where you have worked in the past, might respond to the need to be flexible. Provide a rationale for your response.
Use at least four (4) quality academic (peer-reviewed) resources in this assignment.
Note:
Wikipedia and other Websites do not qualify as academic resources.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
Examine the theoretical constructs of human resource management.
Analyze the external environmental factors that impact human resource policies and procedures.
Use technology and information resources to research issues in human resource management foundations.
Write clearly and concisely about human resource management foundations using proper writing mechanics.
Gradi.
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- Job Specification
- Methods of Job Analysis
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- Uses of Job Analysis Information
- Writing the Job Descriptions
- Writing Job Specification
- Recruitment and Selection
- Recruitment
- Selection
- Sources of Recruitment
- Methods of Selection
- Process of Selection
This ppt is the logical explanation of how job design and analysis helps the HR department to find or choose a perfect and efficient candidate for the organization. And a brief idea about the recruitment process and how it works.
Assignment 1 Victims’ Rights and the Dos and Don’ts of Interviewing.docxdaniatrappit
Assignment 1: Victims’ Rights and the Dos and Don’ts of Interviewing Crime Victims
You are a police investigator in Centervale. Recently, there have been complaints from prosecutors, as well as several victims, about the interview techniques used by law enforcement (both first responders and investigators). The prosecution is losing cases because of inadmissible statements made to law enforcement by victims and witnesses in response to improper questioning. Because of their bad experiences early in the investigations, some victims refuse to come to court and testify. There are continuous complaints by victim services specialists that first responders do not provide victims with all their rights as governed by law.
The chief of police in Centervale is concerned about lawsuits and unsatisfied victims and asks you, one of the most experienced detectives of the Centervale Police Department, to attend patrol briefings and train officers in some dos and don'ts of interviewing victims of crime, especially women and children. You are also asked to go over some of the most important victims' rights that could cause the most legal trouble if not followed properly by the Centervale Police Department.
You realize that a proper interviewing lesson could take eight to sixteen hours, and you know law enforcement must strictly follow numerous victims' rights, but you have been given only fifteen to twenty minutes in which to teach, what you feel is the most important information.
Submission Details:
By 9.00pm
Saturday, January 9, 2016
, in a minimum of 250 words, post to the
Discussion Area
your responses to the following:
Identify and describe the training information you feel would be most important, if you had only ten minutes to teach law enforcement officers about:
Interviewing women and children
Crime victims' rights
Give your reasoning for the training information that you identified as most important for both training programs.
Note
: Use the textbook readings, the Argosy University online library, and any other outside sources to complete this assignment.
.
Assignment 1 Trends in the WorkplaceDue Week 3 and worth 200 .docxdaniatrappit
Assignment 1: Trends in the Workplace
Due Week 3 and worth 200 points
According to the text, there are a number of key trends in the workplace that have significant influences on organizations. HR professionals play a key role in helping organizations respond to evolving trends, comply with federal and state regulations, and manage workplace flexibility. As an HR professional it is important for you to demonstrate your understanding of the ever changing global environment.
Write a five to seven (5-7) page paper in which you:
Specify the key functional areas of Human Resources Management. Explore the manner in which each function contributes to the overall performance of an organization. Support your response with specific examples of the activities for which HRM is typically responsible.
Examine four (4) federal equal employment opportunity laws. Suggest the primary manner in which each law influences fair employment practices within the organization where you currently work or an organization for which you have worked in the past. Support your response with specific examples of the chosen organization’s employment practices.
According to the text, there are three (3) significant trends affecting organizations today: the aging workforce, diversity, and skills deficiencies in the workplace. Analyze the primary manner in which each of these three (3) trends has impacted the organization where you currently work or one (1) where you have worked in the past. Support your response with specific examples of said impact.
According to the text, workplace flexibility is essential for organizational success in the rapidly changing world. Explore two (2) ways that the organization where you currently work, or one (1) where you have worked in the past, might respond to the need to be flexible. Provide a rationale for your response.
Use at least four (4) quality academic (peer-reviewed) resources in this assignment.
Note:
Wikipedia and other Websites do not qualify as academic resources.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
Examine the theoretical constructs of human resource management.
Analyze the external environmental factors that impact human resource policies and procedures.
Use technology and information resources to research issues in human resource management foundations.
Write clearly and concisely about human resource management foundations using proper writing mechanics.
Gradi.
Assignment 1 The Cold War and U.S. DiplomacyDue 11-02-15 and wort.docxdaniatrappit
Assignment 1: The Cold War and U.S. Diplomacy
Due 11-02-15 and worth 135 points
Research must be used from Google Scholar or paper will lose points, magic32
Select a president from the table, (Ihave chosen John F. Kennedy) Then write a 3-5 page paper on the doctrine that president used according to Roskin. Your research must include at least four (4) credible sources, apart from your textbook. Your paper must address the following:
Summarize a situation that required U.S. diplomatic efforts during the president’s time in office.
Explicate the diplomatic doctrine the president followed, with reference to specific actions or events that occurred.
Describe the effects of these diplomatic efforts for the U.S. and other countries.
Assess, in conclusion, the advantages and disadvantages of the particular doctrine that was followed.
Cite at least four (4) reputable sources in addition to the textbook, not including Wikipedia, encyclopedias, or dictionaries.
.
Assignment 1 Socioeconomic StatusInterestingly, researchers have .docxdaniatrappit
Assignment 1: Socioeconomic Status
Interestingly, researchers have found that many of the cultural issues that apparently impact the human services delivery recipient are actually related to the socioeconomic status (SES) rather than other cultural factors.
In this assignment, you will focus on SES.
Tasks:
Elaborate on how (or whether) the SES impacts the work equation between a service delivery provider and a service delivery recipient. Be specific in your responses and illustrate using examples.
Submission Details:
By
Saturday, October 24, 2015
, post your responses to this
Discussion Area
. Support your assumptions by citing reputable source material used for this discussion in APA format.
Through
Wednesday, October 28, 2015
, respond to at least two of your classmates' posts, commenting on whether you agree with their positions. Comment on how the SES influences human services delivery issues, such as problem identification, symptom expression, and help-seeking behavior.
.
Assignment 1 Trust and BoundariesIn this module, you learned ab.docxdaniatrappit
Assignment 1: Trust and Boundaries
In this module, you learned about the most important ethical standards in human services. Boundaries, competence, and accountability through documentation and program evaluation are the foundation of the effective practice of direct service providers and the stable functioning of human service agencies. The agency administrator has the responsibility for ensuring the ethical delivery of services, accountability of agency employees, and sustainability through funding and best practices in service delivery. Familiarity with these ethical and operational standards will prepare human service administrators to manage complex and diverse agencies.
Tasks:
In a minimum of 200 words, respond to the following:
You may choose any human services agency (such as, mental health agency, child welfare agency, substance abuse treatment facility) for your response.
Discuss two potential ethical dilemmas related to issues surrounding trust and boundaries in the professional relationship.
Identify and discuss the steps an agency should take to monitor your agency's compliance with the following standards: maintaining client records, evaluating treatment outcomes, and ensuring personnel competence.
Identify the manner in which you would search for eligible funds or assist with proposal or grant writing to secure funds to run your programs.
Submission Details:
By
Saturday, December 5, 2015
, post your responses to this
Discussion Area
.
Through
Wednesday, December 9, 2015
, respond to at least two other classmates' posts. Participate in the discussion by asking a question, providing a statement of clarification, providing a point of view with a rationale, challenging an aspect of the discussion, or indicating a relationship between one or more lin
.
Assignment 1 The Problems of Evil and SufferingAll human bein.docxdaniatrappit
Assignment 1: The Problems of Evil and Suffering
All human beings encounter pain and suffering in life. This can present some difficult questions to organized religions.
On some level, all religions answer fundamental questions of human existence, including, "why are we here?" Pain and suffering complicate these basic questions of human existence, whether the religion is monotheistic, polytheistic, or atheistic.
Some people endure much more pain and suffering than others. Why is this so? What is the origin of suffering? Is evil external or internal? Does it have any meaning? How should we respond to it?
Even more difficult is the problem of moral evil: some people deliberately cause other people to suffer. Why? If there is meaning in the universe, and especially if the universe is ruled by a beneficent deity, how can this be?
Write an essay of 1,000 words that examines the basic positions of each of the five religious traditions considering these human questions
In your essay, address the following questions:
How does
each
religion respond to the problems of evil and suffering?
How are those responses similar?
In what ways do the responses differ?
What factors account for these differences?
Which way of addressing evil is the most similar to your own? What role does reason play in your personal understanding of evil? How does that overlap or contradict with the major religions' uses of reason in explaining evil?
Assignment 1 Grading Criteria
Maximum Points
Introduce how each of the five religions (Judaism, Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, and Buddhism) responds to or address the problems of evil and suffering.
68
Compare the five religions and identify commonalities or similarities between them in addressing both the problem of evil and the problem of suffering.
40
Compare the five religions and identify differences between the five religions and how they address the problem of evil and the problem of suffering.
40
Discuss the factors that account for these differences in how the five religions address the problem of evil and the problem of suffering.
40
Describe which way of addressing evil is the most similar to the student's personal belief system. What role does reason play in your personal understanding of evil? How does that overlap or contradict with the major religions' uses of reason in explaining evil?
48
Style (8 points):
Tone, audience, and word choice
Organization (16 points):
Introduction, transitions, and conclusion
Usage and Mechanics (16 points):
Grammar, spelling, and sentence structure
APA Elements (24 points):
In-text citations and references, paraphrasing, and appropriate use of quotations and other elements of style
64
Total:
300
.
Assignment 1 The Primary Care ClinicDue Week 4 and worth 160 poin.docxdaniatrappit
Assignment 1: The Primary Care Clinic
Due Week 4 and worth 160 points
You are the manager of a new primary care clinic located about twenty five (25) miles outside of a small city (population of 50,000). With five (5) family physicians, two (2) nurse practitioners, two (2) physicians’ assistants (PAs), and twenty (20) clinical support staff consisting of RNs, LPNs, and CMAs, the clinic provides primary care services to a diverse community of people living and working outside the city limits. Originally a rural area, the community has been growing and now includes promising opportunities in employment, education, and comfortable living spaces for young families. However, there are still many residents who struggle to make ends meet with older farms that have belonged to families for generations.
The central city includes two (2) large acute care facilities, and one (1) tertiary care facility that is known for its excellent pulmonary care. Both acute care hospitals provide the usual services such as labor and delivery, outpatient surgery, chronic diseases care, etc. and have fully equipped ancillary departments, such as lab and radiology. Up until this point, the residents have used the facilities’ emergency departments for routine illnesses and conditions when their private physicians were not readily available.
Write a five to seven (5-7) page paper in which you:
Analyze some of the key social, political, and economic factors that have led to the proliferation of urgent care facilities and primary care practices over the last 20-30 years.
Create a comprehensive mission statement for the clinic, and discuss how it will facilitate the provision of quality services.
Analyze and discuss one (1) or more directions the clinic might take to grow its business. Determine what factors you would consider when deciding what services to provide in-house and which ones to affiliate with other institutions.
Decide how you will determine if the clinic is meeting its goals. Identify three (3) performance measurements you could use to evaluate the success of the clinic’s services. Begin by naming a goal, and then identify a quantifiable measurement you could use for each to determine if you are coming close or falling short of the goal.
Determine how you would then address whatever opportunities for improvement seem to exist and what processes you would put in place.
Use at least three (3) quality resources in this assignment.
Note:
Wikipedia and similar Websites do not qualify as quality resources.
Format your assignment according to the following formatting requirements:
Typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides.
Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page is not included in the required page length.
Include a reference page. Citations and references must follow APA format. The reference page is n.
Assignment 1 the sociological viewpoint toward social problems (Due.docxdaniatrappit
Assignment 1: the sociological viewpoint toward social problems (Due Week 2)
Overview
One of the most crucial components to this course concerns addressing social problems in society from a sociological viewpoint as opposed to a strictly policy-oriented, psychological, or criminal justice viewpoint. Although many different viewpoints in social science are valid and have a lot of importance, it is equally important for us to understand how sociology looks at the nature of social problems in society today. This paper will enable us to explore why certain social problems seem to be regarded as more significant than others. Our job will be in defining the sociological viewpoint, and choosing one social problem that we think is of high importance. We will build upon the topic we choose in this paper for our second and third writing assignments.
Instructions
Construct a 2-4 page paper that fully explores each of the following areas:
1)
Citing our textbook material, explain how the sociological approach toward social problems differs from other approaches. Why are certain problems considered significant and others are not?
2)
Next, choose one social problem that exists in society that you think is particularly serious, and explain it in sociological terms. This social problem should be measurable in some statistical way. (Is it increasing, and if so, how? Among which groups of people, and for how long, etc.?)
3)
What might be one important way in which the social problem is currently being addressed in society?
4)
Please define and identify at least four concepts from our text relevant to your chosen social problem.
5)
Analyze the way in which these concepts help us better understand the nature of the social problem you are discussing.
Don’t forget to include proper APA-style citation and reference. (Assignment One is worth 10% of the total grade.)
.
Assignment 1 The Role of Weak Institutions in Underdevelopment .docxdaniatrappit
Assignment 1: The Role of Weak Institutions in Underdevelopment
Due Week 4 and worth 200 points
1.
Use the Internet to research one developing nation from the list at the bottom of this paragraph. Your research should include an examination of the effects that the distribution of foreign aid can have on a developing country, as well as the material covered by the Webtext and lectures in Weeks 1 through 3.
Countries you may write about are as follows and no other country will be acceptable. Note: Haiti, Rwanda, Sudan, Egypt, Iraq, Sierra Leone and Columbia are
not
on this list.
Middle East
Libya
Gaza
Lebanon
Africa
The Central African Republic
Mozambique
Liberia
Zimbabwe (after transition from Rhodesia)
Latin America
Venezuela
East Asia, Southeast and Southwest Asia
Japan (after WWII)
India or Pakistan after the 1971 war over Bangladesh
Vietnam
Europe
Germany (after WWII)
Kosovo
Ukraine
2.
Write
at least a three page
research paper in which you:
Identify the weak institutions that make it so difficult to advance development in the Third World country that you have selected.
Support your response with concrete examples of each of the results that you have cited.
Analyze the specific actions that the leadership of the selected country has taken, through the use of its foreign aid from donor nations and international lending institutions, to relieve the severe problems caused by institutional failure and conflict.
Discuss whether or not the state’s internal institutions are working to improve development in the selected country. Support your response with examples.
Use at least five good academic resources in this assignment, excluding
Wikipedia, blogs, dictionaries, encyclopedias and other nonacademic material. Approval of resources is at the instructor's discretion.
3.
When referencing the selected resources, please use the following format:
Webtext Format:
Name of the author. Name of title. Retrieved from website URL.
Example:
Soomo.
Understanding Development
[Webtext]. Retrieved from
http://www.webtexts.com/courses/9218-cathey
.
Lecture Format:
Name of the Author. Name of the lecture [lecture type]. Retrieved from lecture URL.
Example:
Strayer University. (2013).
Understanding Development
[PowerPoint slides]. Retrieved from
https://blackboard.strayer.edu/bbcswebdav/institution/SOC/300/1136/Week1/lecture/story.html
.
Internet Resources:
Author's Name. (Date of publication).
Title of the resource
. Retrieved from website URL.
Example:
Westwald, Eric. (2014).
Portraits of People Living on a Dollar a Day
. Retrieved from
http://www.motherjones.com/mixed-media/2014/04/living-on-a-dollar-a-day-photos-renee-byer-thomas-nazario
.
4.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
Contain no abstract and be at least
three pages of written text
in length, excluding tables and graphs.
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with on.
Assignment 1 White-Collar CrimeVictor and John work as software i.docxdaniatrappit
Assignment 1: White-Collar Crime
Victor and John work as software installers and program developers in the computer division of the Social Security Administration (SSA). SSA purchased software which was customarily installed by both Victor and John. SSA was licensed to make copies of the software for use by their employees during their employment, but not for resale to the public or for profit.
Victor and John are also partners in a small computer business. Victor started using some SSA software in his business, without the knowledge or consent of SSA. He told John that he would use it only for testing and not for profit. However, the "testing" of the software generated profit for their business. John did not want to continue using the software without SSA consent. Victor believed the SSA would not grant permission and convinced John not to disclose their secret use of the software.
Research business law in regard to software use using your textbook, the Argosy University online library resources, and the Internet. Based on the facts of the case and research, respond to the following questions:
What white-collar crimes, if any, did Victor and John commit? Explain each individual's crime separately.
What ethical leadership and management violation has Victor committed? Explain.
What legal protection is available to John if he decides to inform the SSA about the software use? Explain.
By
Saturday, December 12, 2015
, post your response to the appropriate
Discussion Area
. Through
Wednesday, December 16, 2015
, review and comment on at least two peers' responses.
Use the
Respond
link to post responses and
.
Assignment 1 Special Interest GroupsGroups advancing specific.docxdaniatrappit
Assignment 1: Special Interest Groups
Groups advancing specific viewpoints or interests use lobbying and other methods of persuasion to influence political policies and decisions. They often have the financial resources to make contributions.
Research special interest groups in U.S. politics using your textbook, the Argosy University online library resources, and the Internet. Based on your research, respond to any one item below:
Many successful interest groups are associated with highly educated, upper-income groups. Which voices of less educated and lower-income groups do you think have the strongest impact on American opinions and on decision makers?
Compare the political parties’ impact on the government with the impact of interest groups.
Write your response in 150–200 words.
By
Saturday, February 27, 2016
, post your response to the appropriate
Discussion Area
. Through
Wednesday, March 2, 2016
, review and comment on at least two peers’ responses.
.
Assignment 1 Should the U.S. Convert to a Zero Personal Income Ta.docxdaniatrappit
Assignment 1: Should the U.S. Convert to a Zero Personal Income Tax?
In a recent news article located at
http://www.nbcnews.com/business/economy/heres-where-your-federal-income-tax-dollars-go-f654971
NBC News reported that the U.S. Government spends $3.6 trillion per year to fund Social Security, Medicare, homeland defense and safety, education, transportation, and the interest on debt obligations. In spite of the services and benefits that the government provides, many taxpayers dread paying income taxes but consider them a necessary evil. Consequently, there is much debate about the inequities contained within the tax code, due to tax shelters and tax credits provided to some taxpayers which thereby increase the tax burden on others.
Using the internet, research at least two (2) countries that have a zero income tax rate.
Write a four to five (4-5) page paper in which you:
Analyze the way in which the two (2) countries that you have researched provide services and benefits to its citizens without collecting personal income taxes.
For the countries that you have chosen, determine whether or not he U.S. could adopt their taxation model without reducing its total amount of revenue generated by collecting personal income taxes from individuals and business. Justify your response.
Suggest at least three (3) advantages and three (3) disadvantages of the U.S. adopting a zero income tax model. Provide a rationale for your response.
Create a proposal for where the revenue would be derived if the U.S. were to adopt a zero income tax model. In your response, provide specific recommendations concerning the following:
The prosed tax base.
Whether or not tax payers at certain income levels should be exempt from taxations.
The Primary way in which the IRS would calculate the tax rate in order to ensure that the same level of tax revenue would still be collected.
The primary way in which your plan will achieve equity.
Speculate on the primary way in which the federal government could make up any shortfalls if it does not collect its targeted revenue from person income taxes, and ascertain the most significant way in which the U.S. Department of the Treasury, through the IRS, can still adhere to its fiscal and monetary policies. Justify your response.
Use at least four (4) quality academic resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and other Websites do not qualify as academic resources.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.
The specific course learning outcomes ass.
Assignment 1 Resource and Competitive Position AnalysisUsing your.docxdaniatrappit
Assignment 1: Resource and Competitive Position Analysis
Using your text book, the AUO library and the Internet, research Panera Bread Company.
You have been hired by Panera Bread Company as a consultant to assess their internal and external environments in relation to their current competitive strategy. You are scheduled to meet executives at Panera Bread this week to discuss your assessment and recommendations. In preparation for your meeting, discuss the following in 2-3 pages:
Prepare a SWOT analysis of Panera Bread and discuss what your analysis revealed about the overall attractiveness of the company’s situation.
Does the company possess core competencies or distinctive competencies? Support your response with examples.
What recommendations will you provide to the executives regarding the actions Panera Bread needs to take to strengthen its competitive position?
By
Wednesday, September 2, 2015
Provided a comprehensive SWOT analysis and explained the company’s overall attractiveness of their situation.
40
Examined and explained the company’s core competencies and/or distinctive competencies.
30
Demonstrated specific recommendations based upon findings that strengthen their competitive position.
20
Wrote in a clear, concise, and organized manner; demonstrated ethical scholarship in accurate representation and attribution of sources; displayed accurate spelling, grammar, and punctuation.
.
Assignment 1 Research PaperDue Week 3 and worth 200 points.docxdaniatrappit
Assignment 1: Research Paper
Due Week 3 and worth 200 points
Use the Internet or Strayer databases to research one (1) transnational crime as it applies to two (2) different countries of your own choosing.
Write a two to three (2-3) page paper in which you:
Review one (1) transnational crime.
Compare and contrast the two (2) countries for their definition of the crime, crime rate, and tools used to measure the crime.
Determine each country’s legal traditions and their major influences on crime definition, rate, and measurement.
Examine the extent to which crime statistics compiled in different countries can adequately be compared. Provide support for the response.
Use at least three (3) quality references.
Note:
Wikipedia and other Websites do not qualify as academic resources.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
Describe the nature of globalization, and assess the aims and methods of comparative criminal justice and criminology.
Explain the nature and extent of various types of transnational crime.
Describe the principles of the four (4) major legal traditions and types of legal systems around the world.
Use technology and information resources to research comparative perspectives in criminal justice.
Write clearly and concisely about criminal justice topics using proper writing mechanics and APA style conventions.
Click
here
to view the grading rubric for this assignment.
.
Assignment 1 RaceAs you work in the human services delivery secto.docxdaniatrappit
Assignment 1: Race
As you work in the human services delivery sector, you will encounter people (both clients and colleagues) from different racial backgrounds.
In this assignment, you will critically think about how racial differences can impact the work equation between a service delivery provider and a service delivery recipient and also between the agency staff members.
Tasks:
Given what you have learned in
Module 2
regarding race as socially constructed versus biologically constructed, post your responses to the following:
Discuss whether there is a difference between the two.
Elaborate on how race impacts the work equation between a service delivery provider and a service delivery recipient.
Discuss how racial diversity impacts the work equation between agency staff members. Be specific in your responses and illustrate using examples. Support your points using scholarly sources.
Submission Details:
By
Saturday, October 10, 2015
, post your responses to this
Discussion Area
. Support your assumptions by citing reputable source material used for this discussion in APA format.
Through
Wednesday, October 14, 2015
, respond to at least two of your classmates' posts, commenting on whether you agree with their position. Incorporate course content into your response posts to demonstrate your critical thinking skills with regard to the material covered in this module.
.
Assignment 1 Political Belief Profile The relationship betwee.docxdaniatrappit
Assignment 1: Political Belief Profile
The relationship between public opinion and political participation raises many questions associated with how the public thinks, why they behave in the manner they do, and what outcomes in the form of ideological expressions will probably tak
e place because of citizens’ behavior in the political scenario. Essentially, “who, what, and where” issues again surface in response to evaluation of political socialization.
Political socialization may be expressed in a singular way, depending on the issue of concern, but it is not derived from any single impact throughout the life of American voters and nonvoters. Qualities and conditions such as gender, race, economic status, education, and religion impact voter behaviors. Indeed, whether or not an individual votes, or takes part in any of the varied available options for participation, is closely allied with the political socialization of individuals and even entire socioeconomic groups.
The Political Compass Web site (
http://www.politicalcompass.org
) offers a self-test that helps you analyze your personal political views on what the test authors call a “left–right” scale. Take the test and review your results to see where you stand on the economic scale and the social scale. Discuss the results using the following questions:
Did your “test result” match what you thought were your political beliefs?
What is “politically correct” thinking? Give examples of what might be considered “politically correct” and “politically incorrect.”
To what degree do you think your values and beliefs represent the norms, values, and traditions of society? Define your answer using the following Likert scale—extremely common, common, moderately common, uncommon, and extremely uncommon.
Write your response in 150–200 words.
By
Saturday, March 5, 2016
, post your response to the appropriate
Discussion Area
. Through
Wednesday, March 9, 2016
, review and comment on at least three peers’ responses.
.
Assignment 1 Procedural Law and the Bill of RightsDue Week 4 and .docxdaniatrappit
Assignment 1: Procedural Law and the Bill of Rights
Due Week 4 and worth 200 points
The Bill of Rights finds its roots in documents such as the British Magna Carta of 1215 AD. It was one of the first documents that provided the common man independence from a monarch. It did imply that the federal government’s law dominated all others; however, it gave each state control of any laws outside of those reserved to the federal government. The Bill of Rights acts as a blueprint that every individual state uses to protect the rights of individual citizens. In this assignment, you will utilize the various concepts found in the Bill of Rights to provide the foundation of the various sections of the question.
Write a four to six (4-6) page paper in which you:
Compare and contrast two (2) of the sources of rights and fundamental principles found in the United States’ legal system as outlined by the text.
Critically analyze and discuss two (2) steps of the criminal justice process from arrest to imprisonment.
Identify and discuss the particular amendment related to arrest, search and seizures.
Compare and contrast the concepts of probable cause and reasonable suspicion. In your own words, explain how they are similar or different.
Examine and discuss the two (2) examples in which the exclusionary rule may not apply.
Identify and discuss one (1) contemporary issue or case law related to the use of force.
Use at least four (4) quality references.
Note:
Wikipedia and other Websites do not qualify as academic resources.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
Research and analyze procedures governing the process of arrest through trial.
Critically debate the Constitutional safeguards of key Amendments with specific attention to the 4th, 5th, 6th, and 14th Amendments.
Describe the difference between searchers, warrantless searches, and stops.
Use technology and information resources to research issues in the criminal procedure.
Write clearly and concisely about the criminal procedure using proper writing mechanics.
Click here
to view the grading rubric for this assignment.
.
Assignment 1 Objectives Log in to and out of a Linux system. U.docxdaniatrappit
Assignment 1 Objectives
Log in to and out of a Linux system.
Use Bash shell commands to navigate the directory tree structure and view files.
Use Bash shell commands to create, copy, move, delete, and rename files and directories.
Use globbing wildcards * and ? to manipulate groups of files or directories.
Use
chmod
command to change permission attributes on files and directories.
Create and extract tarballs using
tar
,
gzip
, and
bzip2
.
Use
man
and online help to learn about Bash shell commands.
Practice I/O redirection using <, >, and |.
Use the GCC C compiler to compile a C program.
.
Assignment 1 Linux GUIDue Week 2 and worth 90 pointsAs explaine.docxdaniatrappit
Assignment 1: Linux GUI
Due Week 2 and worth 90 points
As explained in the textbook, UNIX / Linux initially only provided a command line interface for interaction with the operating system (OS). The introduction of a Graphical User Interface (GUI) to UNIX / Linux OS makes it easier to administer a Linux system.
.
Assignment 1 LASA 2—Exceptionality PresentationIn this course, yo.docxdaniatrappit
Assignment 1: LASA 2—Exceptionality Presentation
In this course, you have learned about a range of exceptionalities in children. For this assignment, you will have the opportunity to gain a more in-depth understanding of a particular exceptionality.
The local public school has asked you to give a presentation to parents or teachers about a specific exceptionality of your choice.
The presentation should cover at least two peer-reviewed articles. Select an exceptionality for this assignment and provide the following information in your presentation:
Describe the exceptionality, including its identification and assessment.
Explain the incidence of exceptionality in children, including known causes or those hypothesized in peer-reviewed research.
Describe the cultural considerations in identification, assessment, and intervention.
Hypothesize the prognosis.
Recommend interventions for the following areas:
At school
In the community
At home
From early childhood through transition into adulthood
While developing the presentation, keep in mind individual differences and strengths, culturally and linguistically diverse populations, and ethical or legal issues in identification, assessment, and intervention. Be sure to include detailed speaker notes to accompany each slide to elaborate on the talking points being raised in the slide.
Use the accompanying PowerPoint presentation tip list to assist in formatting the presentation and speaker’s notes. Be sure to include a title slide and a slide with your references. All citations and the reference list should follow APA format.
Click here
to review some useful tips for an effective slideshow.
Develop a 15–20-slide presentation in PowerPoint (not counting the title and reference list slides). Provide detailed speaker notes for each slide of your presentation, which include the main talking points for the topic addressed in the slide. Apply APA standards to citation of sources
.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...
STRATEGIC JOB ANALYSIS AND COMPETENCY MODELINGDr. Haze
1. STRATEGIC JOB ANALYSIS
AND COMPETENCY
MODELING
Dr. Hazel-Anne M. Johnson-Marcus
HRM-SMLR Rutgers University
Learning Objectives
1. Explain why doing a job analysis can be strategic.
2. Define job design and job redesign.
3. Describe workflow analysis
4. Define job description and person specification, and describe
how
they are used.
5. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of different job
analysis methods.
6. Describe how to plan a job analysis.
7. Describe how to conduct a job analysis
8. Describe competency modeling and job rewards analysis
9. Describe how job descriptions can be used to enhance
employees’ ethical behavior
10. Describe how job analysis results can be improved through
data
analytics
11. Describe how O*NET can help in a job analysis effort
2. Job Analysis
Job analysis: a systematic process of identifying and
describing the important aspects of a job and the
characteristics workers need to perform the job well.
Value creators: directly generate revenue, lower operating
costs, and increase capital efficiency (e.g., leaders of research
and development, marketing, human resources, or finance)
Value enablers: perform indispensable work that enables the
creators (e.g. leaders of support functions such as cybersecurity
or risk management)
Job Design and Redesign
Job design: specifying the content and method of doing
a job, and the relationship between jobs, to meet both
the technological and organizational job requirements
and the social and personal requirements of the worker.
Job redesign: changing the
job to increase work quality
or productivity
Job enrichment
Job enlargement
Job rotation
3. Workflow Analysis
Workflow Analysis
•Analyzes how work
progresses through the
organization to improve
efficiency by identifying
bottlenecks, redundant tasks,
and inefficient workspaces to
enable better resource use
5 steps
1. Identify what the
organization does
2. Identify how it gets this done
3. Identify why it does all of the
steps and tasks from #2
4. Identify improvement
opportunities
5. Evaluate whether employees
are needed for every task or if
automation might be better
Job Analysis for Staffing
A job analysis that produces a
valid selection system identifies
worker characteristics that:
4. Distinguish superior from average and
unacceptable workers;
Are not easily learned on the job; and
Exist to at least a moderate extent in
the applicant pool.
Future-oriented job analysis: job analysis technique for
analyzing new jobs or analyzing how jobs will look in the
future.
Legal Requirements
• If disabled applicants can perform the essential
functions of a job with reasonable accommodation, they
must be considered for the position
Essential functions are the fundamental duties or tasks of a
position (defined by the Americans with Disabilities Act)
• Be valid and identify the worker knowledge, skills,
abilities, and other characteristics necessary to perform
the job and differentiate superior from barely acceptable
workers
• Be in writing and relevant to the job in question
• Be derived from multiple sources
To meet legal requirements, a job analysis must:
Outcomes of Job Analysis
5. Job Description
A written description of the duties and responsibilities
associated
with the job itself.
Job descriptions usually include:
• The size and type of organization
• The department and job title
• The salary range
• Position grade or level
• To whom the employee reports and for whom the employee is
responsible
• Brief summary of the main duties and responsibilities of the
job
• Brief summary of the occasional duties and responsibilities
of the job
• Any special equipment used on the job
• Any special working conditions (e.g., shift or weekend work,
foreign travel, etc.)
• Purpose and frequency of contact with others
• The statement, “Other duties as assigned” to accommodate job
changes and
special projects
Sample Job Description
Person Specification
Person specification: summarizes the
6. characteristics of someone able to perform the job
well
Essential criteria: job candidate characteristics
that are critical to adequate performance of a new
hire
Desirable criteria: job candidate criteria that may
enhance the new hire’s job success, but that are not
essential to adequate job performance
Sample Person Specification
Job Analysis Methods
Must be:
1. Reliable, or replicable. A reliable job analysis
procedure will produce the same results when it:
1. is applied to the same job by a different job
specialist;
2. when a different group of job experts is used; and
3. when it is done at a different time.
2. Valid, or accurately measure what it was intended to
measure. A valid job analysis accurately captures the
target job.
Job Analysis Techniques
7. Job Analysis Techniques
Planning Job Analyses
• Job analyses should be performed in such a way as to meet
the professional and legal guidelines that have been published
in the Uniform Guidelines on Employee Selection
Procedures
•Determine time and resources necessary and available
•Collect background information about the company, its
culture and business strategy, the job, and the job’s
contribution to strategy execution and competitive advantage
•O*NET - Occupational Information Network
(http://online.onetcenter.org/)
• Identify job experts
• Identify appropriate job analysis technique(s) to use
http://www.uniformguidelines.com/uniformguidelines.html
http://www.uniformguidelines.com/uniformguidelines.html
http://online.onetcenter.org/
Job Analysis Steps
Task Statements
Job Duties
8. Weighting Job Duties
Competency Modeling
Competency Modeling: a job analysis method that identifies the
necessary worker competencies for high performance.
Competencies: more broadly defined components of a
successful
worker’s repertoire of behavior needed to do a job well.
• Because competencies are linked to the organization’s
business goals,
strategy, and values, a person specification resulting from a job
description
can enhance hiring quality and strategy execution
A competency-based job description:
• Enhances a manager’s flexibility in assigning work
• Lengthens the life of a job description
• Can allow firms to group jobs requiring similar competencies
under a single
job description
Competencies Related to Specific Job Environments
9. Job Rewards Analysis
Job rewards analysis:
identifies the intrinsic
and extrinsic rewards of
a job
Analyzes the intrinsic
rewards that are
non-monetary and derived
from the work itself and
the firm’s culture
Analyzes the extrinsic
rewards that have
monetary value.
The combination of intrinsic and extrinsic
rewards are a job’s total rewards.
Job Rewards Analysis
Employee value proposition (EVP): the intrinsic and
extrinsic rewards an employee receives by working for a
particular employer in return for their job performance.
Communicating
your EVP:
First determine exactly what
attracts job candidates, and why
employees enjoy their work.
Then craft a message to clearly
10. state what makes your company
the obvious choice over the
competition.
3 Criteria for Employee Value Propositions
Magnitude refers to a
reward package that is
neither too small nor too
large in economic terms.
Spending too much on
rewards can negatively impact
the firm’s financial stability
and hurt investor relations.
Mix refers to the composition
of the reward package
matching the needs and
preferences of applicants or
employees.
Offering stock options that vest
in five years to a young, mobile
workforce, or free daycare to an
older workforce is not consistent
with workers’ needs and
preferences.
Distinctiveness refers to
the uniqueness of the total
reward package.
Rewards with no special
11. appeal and that do not set the
organization apart as
distinctive do not present a
compelling value proposition.
Job Reward Dimensions
Amount refers to how
much of it is received.
That is, how much pay,
what level of task variety
Differential is how
consistent the reward is
across different
employees.
E.g., all employees receive the
same number of vacation
days, but merit bonuses range
from 2% to 15% of base pay
Stability is how reliable
the reward is.
Is the reward the same all the
time, or does it change (e.g.,
does it vary based on
organizational performance
or business requirements?)
12. Job Rewards Matrix
Enhancing Ethical Behavior Through Job
Descriptions
•Ethical issues are rarely neatly labeled, so keeping ethics
active in employees’ minds helps them maintain ethics as
a core part of their schema.
•Priming: recent cues or experiences increase our sensitivity to
certain stimuli
•Crafting effective job descriptions and person
specifications can support an ethical culture, prime
ethical behavior, and influence the characteristics of job
applicants
•Describe legal risks and ethical traps in job description
O*NET (https://www.onetonline.org/)
Sponsored by the U.S. Department of Labor
Comprehensive resource of occupational information with a
database on
many different jobs
Toolkit describes how O*NET OnLine can help with talent
planning,
employee retention, and employee reskilling efforts
(https://www.onetcenter.org/toolkit.html)
Provides information useful for creating job descriptions
13. https://www.onetonline.org/
https://www.onetcenter.org/toolkit.html
Quickbooks Helpline number
�1(844.(890).8582)�
1 - Quickbooks Helpline number �1(844.890.8582)� On the off
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