This document provides an overview of emerging markets, including their history, characteristics, and impact on the global economy. It discusses how emerging markets are transitioning economies experiencing rapid growth. Some key points:
- Emerging markets account for 85% of the world's population and 60% of the land area, with vast natural resources, but currently only 25% of global output.
- Characteristics include large, young labor forces, government involvement in economies, and high economic growth rates.
- Projections show emerging markets' combined GDP will overtake developed economies by 2030-2035, and the top emerging markets will surpass the G7 by 2040. This signals a realignment of the global
Ping Jiang discusses ways in which political unrest and economic uncertainty affect markets. Post recession, less developed markets have recovered more quickly than those with more wealth. Ping Jiang explores why seeing these differently might change thoughts on investment.
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Ping Jiang discusses ways in which political unrest and economic uncertainty affect markets. Post recession, less developed markets have recovered more quickly than those with more wealth. Ping Jiang explores why seeing these differently might change thoughts on investment.
International business 1st edition test bank geringer mc nett minor balljoqybokyf
International Business 1st Edition Test Bank Geringer McNett Minor Ball
Full download: International Business 1st Edition Test Bank Geringer McNett Minor Ball
international business geringer test bank pdf
international business michael geringer 1st edition pdf
international business 1st edition geringer pdf
international business geringer minor mcnett pdf
international business michael geringer pdf
9781259317224 pdf
international business 9781259317224
2-120
international business 1st edition pdf
By Walden Bello,
President of Freedom from Debt Coalition and Senior Analyst of Focus on the Global South
APEF, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Feb 20, 2009
We
want
to
present
here
the
MacroEconomics
of
a
fascinaFng
Delta
region.
The
only
point
is
that
this
Delta
is
not
the
Delta
of
the
Mississippi
nor
the
Nile
Delta
but
the
Delta
of
the
Nvrin.
The
Nvrin
exists
as
a
trend,
a
mental
breaker.
Its
existence
in
mathemaFcal
terms
must
be
seen
as
an
inducFve
limit
of
all
posiFve
forces
in
the
current
world
economy,
as
the
crystallisaFon
of
a
perfect
economic
system.
The
Americas
of
the
Great
Expansion
defended
the
pursuit
of
Wealth
as
a
value
in
itself.
A
spiritual
value.
The
Originality
of
the
Nvrin
is
to
be
even
more
vocal
and
precise:
Spending
money
is
a
value
in
itself,
the
ulFmate
spiritual
value.
So,
please,
discover
in
the
following
slides
the
breath
of
a
different
civilisaFon.
With
different
values,
different
social
and
societal
norms.
The
Delta
of
the
Nvrin
region.
A
region
that
will
convince
you
the
Ancient
Greece
is
sFll
somewhere
out there.
Emerging Economies of the World: A Study | November 2016Suhel Goel
The study describes Emerging Market Economies (EMEs) their characteristics and a comparison with the Developed Economies of the world. The study brings to light the macroeconomic viewpoint on why to invest in EMEs and the risks one can face and ways to navigate them.
Lastly, importance of India as the most promising EME is highlighted in the study cum presentation.
An IMAP magazine dedicated to creating value in the M&A mid-market. In this issue:
Rise of Multilatinas
Automotive Technologies
Fertility Treatment a global industry
Retail looks to be in fashion
Cautious optimism in Oil & Gas
Consolidation in Live Music
+ Case Studies
China is passing through massive transformation; from a command to a market economy, from an economy based on agriculture to one based on manufacturing and services, from one with high fertility and low longevity to one faced with OCDE style low fertility and high longevity, and from an economy that was almost totally closed to one that, today, even before her accession to the WTO, is much more open than most countries at the same level of income. This vast movement of transformation started on a very simple principle frequently stated by Deng Xioaping: “Poverty is not socialism”. Prosperity was the new face of the socialism according to Deng Xiaoping’s famous dictum: to get rich is glorious. In the past socialism used to mean government planning, for the new China, it means common prosperity.
Kevin Lynch on Innovation at IPAC Annual Conference August 20 2012Shahab Khan
“THE NEW GLOBAL REALITY: YOU WANT TO BE
COMPETITIVE, YOU BETTER BE INNOVATIVE!”
by
The Honourable Kevin G. Lynch
Vice-Chair, BMO Financial Group
to
Institute of Public Administration of Canada
L'Institut d'administration publique du Canada
64th Annual Conference
St. John’s Newfoundland
August 20, 2012
Abstract: Fortune telling may not be so difficult for someone who understands current global trends. This paper attempts to predict the future of management by considering the context of leadership, organizational trends, and its effects on the domestic labour market. The paper assumes an increase in government interventions across the globe to protect the domestic markets, emphasizing the circumstances of China and the United States of America. The paper further discusses two futuristic leadership models; the global leadership model and evolutionary-based management models then sets out two possible scenarios of future organizations and concludes by highlighting the necessary characteristics of the future manager.
December 2010 - Domestic Market: Set to soarFGV Brazil
The Brazilian Economy is one of the oldest publications for expert economic analysis of both the Brazilian and international economies. Through this publication, FGV’s Brazilian Institute of Economics and Finance (FGV/IBRE) compares different periods of the economy, assessing both macroeconomic considerations and scenarios related to finance, administration, marketing, management, insurance, statistics, and price indices.
For more information, and Brazilian economic index results, visit: http://bit.ly/1EA1Loz
Full article: http://ged-project.de/2014/06/03/study-pacific-pumas/
As the world grapples with stimulating employment, growth and innovation, a new club of countries is emerging as an engine of regional growth. Through improved governance, liberalized trade and stable macroeconomics, the economies of Mexico, Colombia, Peru and Chile have rallied in recent years. Rather than following the lead of increasingly protectionist and interventionalist Mercosur countries, these Pacific economies have taken their cues from the Asian tigers of the 1980s [1]. Characterized by strong growth and pragmatic governance, these four countries appear to be blazing a new trail for Latin American development.
http://inarocket.com
Learn BEM fundamentals as fast as possible. What is BEM (Block, element, modifier), BEM syntax, how it works with a real example, etc.
By Walden Bello,
President of Freedom from Debt Coalition and Senior Analyst of Focus on the Global South
APEF, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Feb 20, 2009
We
want
to
present
here
the
MacroEconomics
of
a
fascinaFng
Delta
region.
The
only
point
is
that
this
Delta
is
not
the
Delta
of
the
Mississippi
nor
the
Nile
Delta
but
the
Delta
of
the
Nvrin.
The
Nvrin
exists
as
a
trend,
a
mental
breaker.
Its
existence
in
mathemaFcal
terms
must
be
seen
as
an
inducFve
limit
of
all
posiFve
forces
in
the
current
world
economy,
as
the
crystallisaFon
of
a
perfect
economic
system.
The
Americas
of
the
Great
Expansion
defended
the
pursuit
of
Wealth
as
a
value
in
itself.
A
spiritual
value.
The
Originality
of
the
Nvrin
is
to
be
even
more
vocal
and
precise:
Spending
money
is
a
value
in
itself,
the
ulFmate
spiritual
value.
So,
please,
discover
in
the
following
slides
the
breath
of
a
different
civilisaFon.
With
different
values,
different
social
and
societal
norms.
The
Delta
of
the
Nvrin
region.
A
region
that
will
convince
you
the
Ancient
Greece
is
sFll
somewhere
out there.
Emerging Economies of the World: A Study | November 2016Suhel Goel
The study describes Emerging Market Economies (EMEs) their characteristics and a comparison with the Developed Economies of the world. The study brings to light the macroeconomic viewpoint on why to invest in EMEs and the risks one can face and ways to navigate them.
Lastly, importance of India as the most promising EME is highlighted in the study cum presentation.
An IMAP magazine dedicated to creating value in the M&A mid-market. In this issue:
Rise of Multilatinas
Automotive Technologies
Fertility Treatment a global industry
Retail looks to be in fashion
Cautious optimism in Oil & Gas
Consolidation in Live Music
+ Case Studies
China is passing through massive transformation; from a command to a market economy, from an economy based on agriculture to one based on manufacturing and services, from one with high fertility and low longevity to one faced with OCDE style low fertility and high longevity, and from an economy that was almost totally closed to one that, today, even before her accession to the WTO, is much more open than most countries at the same level of income. This vast movement of transformation started on a very simple principle frequently stated by Deng Xioaping: “Poverty is not socialism”. Prosperity was the new face of the socialism according to Deng Xiaoping’s famous dictum: to get rich is glorious. In the past socialism used to mean government planning, for the new China, it means common prosperity.
Kevin Lynch on Innovation at IPAC Annual Conference August 20 2012Shahab Khan
“THE NEW GLOBAL REALITY: YOU WANT TO BE
COMPETITIVE, YOU BETTER BE INNOVATIVE!”
by
The Honourable Kevin G. Lynch
Vice-Chair, BMO Financial Group
to
Institute of Public Administration of Canada
L'Institut d'administration publique du Canada
64th Annual Conference
St. John’s Newfoundland
August 20, 2012
Abstract: Fortune telling may not be so difficult for someone who understands current global trends. This paper attempts to predict the future of management by considering the context of leadership, organizational trends, and its effects on the domestic labour market. The paper assumes an increase in government interventions across the globe to protect the domestic markets, emphasizing the circumstances of China and the United States of America. The paper further discusses two futuristic leadership models; the global leadership model and evolutionary-based management models then sets out two possible scenarios of future organizations and concludes by highlighting the necessary characteristics of the future manager.
December 2010 - Domestic Market: Set to soarFGV Brazil
The Brazilian Economy is one of the oldest publications for expert economic analysis of both the Brazilian and international economies. Through this publication, FGV’s Brazilian Institute of Economics and Finance (FGV/IBRE) compares different periods of the economy, assessing both macroeconomic considerations and scenarios related to finance, administration, marketing, management, insurance, statistics, and price indices.
For more information, and Brazilian economic index results, visit: http://bit.ly/1EA1Loz
Full article: http://ged-project.de/2014/06/03/study-pacific-pumas/
As the world grapples with stimulating employment, growth and innovation, a new club of countries is emerging as an engine of regional growth. Through improved governance, liberalized trade and stable macroeconomics, the economies of Mexico, Colombia, Peru and Chile have rallied in recent years. Rather than following the lead of increasingly protectionist and interventionalist Mercosur countries, these Pacific economies have taken their cues from the Asian tigers of the 1980s [1]. Characterized by strong growth and pragmatic governance, these four countries appear to be blazing a new trail for Latin American development.
http://inarocket.com
Learn BEM fundamentals as fast as possible. What is BEM (Block, element, modifier), BEM syntax, how it works with a real example, etc.
How to Build a Dynamic Social Media PlanPost Planner
Stop guessing and wasting your time on networks and strategies that don’t work!
Join Rebekah Radice and Katie Lance to learn how to optimize your social networks, the best kept secrets for hot content, top time management tools, and much more!
Watch the replay here: bit.ly/socialmedia-plan
Content personalisation is becoming more prevalent. A site, it's content and/or it's products, change dynamically according to the specific needs of the user. SEO needs to ensure we do not fall behind of this trend.
Lightning Talk #9: How UX and Data Storytelling Can Shape Policy by Mika Aldabaux singapore
How can we take UX and Data Storytelling out of the tech context and use them to change the way government behaves?
Showcasing the truth is the highest goal of data storytelling. Because the design of a chart can affect the interpretation of data in a major way, one must wield visual tools with care and deliberation. Using quantitative facts to evoke an emotional response is best achieved with the combination of UX and data storytelling.
Succession “Losers”: What Happens to Executives Passed Over for the CEO Job?
By David F. Larcker, Stephen A. Miles, and Brian Tayan
Stanford Closer Look Series
Overview:
Shareholders pay considerable attention to the choice of executive selected as the new CEO whenever a change in leadership takes place. However, without an inside look at the leading candidates to assume the CEO role, it is difficult for shareholders to tell whether the board has made the correct choice. In this Closer Look, we examine CEO succession events among the largest 100 companies over a ten-year period to determine what happens to the executives who were not selected (i.e., the “succession losers”) and how they perform relative to those who were selected (the “succession winners”).
We ask:
• Are the executives selected for the CEO role really better than those passed over?
• What are the implications for understanding the labor market for executive talent?
• Are differences in performance due to operating conditions or quality of available talent?
• Are boards better at identifying CEO talent than other research generally suggests?
Post Globalization Issues and Power shift of the CenturyZeeshanMajeed15
GlobalizationWe can define globalization as the increasing interdependence and integration of economies, markets, nations, and cultures.
OR
Globalization envisages a borderless world or seeks the world as a global village.
OR
Globalization is the flow across national borders of trade, finance, people, and of course ideas.
Power shift of the CenturyEra of globalization is ending and giving way to new power centers.
Globalization world was where interconnectedness and the people used to do the same in terms of law and approaches but now we are witnessing the clash of civilizations.
We are now going to a multipolar world where at least three big regions do things increasingly differently.
Essay on Cultural Globalization
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FINANCE AND LABOR PERSPECTIVES ONRISK, INEQUALITY, AND DEMO.docxericn8
FINANCE AND LABOR: PERSPECTIVES ON
RISK, INEQUALITY, AND DEMOCRACY
Sanford M. Jacobyt
We live in an era of financial development. Since 1980, capital
markets have expanded around the world; capital shuttles the globe
instantaneously. Shareholder concerns drive executive decision
making and compensation, while the fluctuations of stock markets are
a source of public anxiety. So are the financial scandals that have
regularly occurred since 1980: junk bonds in the late 1980s;
accounting and stock options in the early 2000s; and debt
securitization today.
We also live in an era of rising income inequality and
employment risk. The gaps between top and bottom incomes and
between top and middle incomes have widened since 1980. Greater
risk takes various forms, such as wage and employment volatility and
the shift from employers to employees of responsibility for
occupational pensions.
There is an enormous literature on financial development as
there is on inequality and risk. But relatively few studies consider the
intersection of these phenomena. Standard explanations for rising
inequality--skill-biased technological change and trade--explain only
30% of the variation in aggregate inequality. What else matters? We
argue here that an omitted factor is financial development.1 This
study explores the relationship between financial markets and labor
markets along three dimensions: contemporary, historical, and
comparative. For the world's industrialized nations, we find that
financial development waxes and wanes in line with top income
t Howard Noble Professor of Management, Public Policy, & History, UCLA. Thanks to
J.R. DeShazo, Stanley Engerman, Steve Foresti, Dana Frank, Mark Garmaise, Teresa
Ghilarducci, John Logan, James Livingston, Adair Morse, David Montgomery, Paul Osterman,
Grace Palladino, Peter Rappoport, Hugh Rockoff, Dani Rodrik, Emmanuel Saez, Richard
Sylla, Ryan Utsumi, Fred Whittlesey, Robert Zieger, and various interviewees. The usual
disclaimer applies. I am grateful for support from the Price Center at the UCLA Anderson
School and from the Institute for Technology, Enterprise, and Competitiveness at Doshisha
University. This paper is dedicated to Lloyd Ulman: scholar, teacher, mensch.
1. IMF, WORLD ECONOMIC OUTLOOK: GLOBALIZATION AND INEQUALITY 48
(Washington, D.C. 2007).
17
COMP. LABOR LAW & POL'Y JOURNAL
shares. Since 1980, however, there have been national divergences
between financial development--defined here as the economic
prominence of equity and credit markets-and inequality. In the
United States and United Kingdom, there remains a strong positive
correlation but in other parts of Europe and in Japan the relationship
is weaker.
What accounts for swings in financial development and inequality
and the relationship between them? Economic growth is one factor.
Another is the politics of finance. The model presented here is simple
but consistent with the evidence: Upswings in financial development
are related to politi.
Based on Erik Reinert, How Rich Countries Got Rich ... and Why Poor Countries Stay Poor (2007), London: Constable, Chapter 8: “Get the economic activities right”, or, the Lost Art of Creating Middle-Income Countries. Further discussion on how to make upper-middle income county out of middle-income trap. And how to synchronize different aspect on developmental policy in modern era.
one hedge fund manager can pocketed $ 1,3 bio (2014)!
This reminded me of a famous Wall Street joke – about a visitor to New York who admired the gorgeous yachts of the richest bankers and brokers. After gazing long and thoughtfully at these beautiful boats, the visitor asked wryly: “Where are the customers’ yachts?” Of course, the customers could not afford yachts, even though they dutifully followed the advice of their bankers and brokers.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
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Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
1. Introduction<br />Emerging markets why they matter.<br />Welcome to the subject “emerging markets”, emerging markets are countries in transition socially as well as economically. They are in a process of rapid growth and industrialization. How fast very fast !<br />No one would have believed you ten years ago, if you would have said Hoogovens in ijmuiden was going to be taken over by an Indian company tata steel, the same applies to the take over of Volvo by a Chinese car maker. Or the fact that Inbev, the biggest beer brewey in the world is controlled by Brazilians. These emerging markets will play a dominate role in the future that is why we are going to take a closer look.<br />We have divided the subject into the following four topics:<br />First we start off with: <br />History and definitions of emerging markets, for a moment we go back in time to discover the roots of the term Emerging markets.<br />Than we will discuss the Characteristics of emerging markets, how different are they ? and what do they have in common<br />Followed by The topic Global realignment , who are the next super powers ? Is it true that Europe might lose out in the world’s economy? Or is the world becoming more balanced? <br />Business and Trade, in this chapter which we will clarify what it takes to do business in these countries, what are the obstacles and how big are exactly the opportunities. And last but not least what are the major consequences of globalization.<br />Join me for a wonderful ride down emerging markets street.<br />History and definitions of emerging markets:<br />To understand where the term emerging markets comes from we have to go back in time.<br />And move over to the United Nations in NY, <br />The united nations is an international organization whose aim is to facilitate cooperation, economic development, and achievement of world peace. The UN was founded in 1945 after World War II to stop wars between countries, and to provide a platform for dialogue. <br />At that time The UN divided the world from an economic perspective into three categories:<br />MDCs (more-developed countries) <br />e.g. Canada, England, France, Netherlands Germany, USA<br />LDCs (less-developed countries) industrialized countries just entering world trade; most in Asia & Latin America<br />LLDCs (least-developed countries) industrially underdeveloped, agrarian, subsistence societies with rural populations; little world trade; Most in Africa <br />To promote a more positive image of less developed countries the World bank based in Washingthon introduced in 1981 the term “emerging markets” . Which since than has become widely accepted.<br />The World Bank is an international financial institution that provides loans to developing and emerging countries for capital programmes. The World Bank's official goal is the reduction of poverty.<br />What is the definition of emerging markets, <br />The term emerging markets is quite loosely defined, during your research you will encounter different definitions. <br />As a result countries that fall into this category, varying from very big to very small, they are usually considered emerging because of their developments and reforms. Even though China is deemed one of the world's economic powerhouses, it is placed into the category alongside much smaller economies like Tunisia. In the end both China and Tunisia belong to this category as they both have embarked on economic development and reform programs, and have begun to open up their markets.<br />The World Bank says that a country is emerging if its per capita GDP falls bellow a certain threshold. In other words if the per capital income is less than $9,000 per person.<br />So where are these emerging markets ?<br />If you look at the world map you see that the blue coloured countries are marked as emerging nations, Pink is said to be the developed nations, while grey are the least developed countries.<br />So as you can see you find emerging markets in Asia, with two big power houses China, India, in Central Europe Poland, Hungary for instance. Ofcourse we cannot forget Russia, Further we have South America with powerhouse Brasil, Argentina etc. And ofcourse a countries Africa such as South Africa are on the rise.<br />Next slide<br />How many emerging markets are there?Depends how you askMSCI (Morgan Stanley) identifies 52 Emerging Markets.The Economist has 24 countries on their Emerging Markets list.Dow-Jones has 35 countries on their Emerging Markets list. <br />Just remember they are emerging, changing the world, it is our duty to also learn from them<br />Stay tuned here is a list of the top 45 emerging markets<br /> <br />Emerging markets are characterized as transitional, meaning they are in the process of moving from a closed economy to an open market economy .<br />What are the characteristics of Emerging Markets<br />Emerging Markets represent about 85% of the world’s population. Especially China are India are incredibly big. Representing Around 2.5 billion people which is over a third of the world population as we have almost 7 billion world citizens.<br />Emerging Markets represent about 60% of the world’s land area.They posses the key to vast natural resources which are awaiting utilization. Next slide Think of the gas reserves in Russia, being the largest in the world (and they have just begun) next slide or the huge mines in South Africa and South America mining for copper and many other natural rescources. They own many of the rescources we need !!<br />Next slide Emerging Markets only represent 25% of the lobal output (but growing very rapidly). There are immense opportunities yet it is not easy to do business in these countries further down the road we will discuss what it takes to do business in these countries. Are you becoming ready for the new economic age.<br />Next slide Political scientists define an emerging market as “a country where politics matters at least as much as economics to the markets.” A great topic for further discussion in the consultancy get togethers. Is there democracy in Russia ? click slide.<br />Government tends to be the largest industry/economic player. In China for example, government accounts for 1/3 GDP. There is autocratic leadership but it is seen as in transition From government ownership and protection to free market based and private ownership To conclude One way or another if you want to do business in these countries the governmental bodies still play a crucial role.<br />Emerging Markets have highly liquid economies – emerging markets have $5.5 trillion in reserves (and it’s still growing), they basically finance the debts of America and Europe. Next slide As many western countries today face financial challenges some are even seen as broke !<br />What do you seen happening emerging markets helping out by buying up western properties for instance the Chinese help out Greece by buying national property such as the harbor of Pireaus one of Greece main ports. Let alone the name PIGS as Portugal, Ireland, Greece and Spain need billions to stay afloat.<br />Emerging Markets have a large, young labor force – usually about 50% of the population is less than 20 years old. They have a Huge, young, increasingly educated labor forces They are eager to obtain out living standards. Many of them know by first hand experience what poverty is. There ambition and drive is certainly strong if not stronger..<br />Besides many economic and financial leaders in emerging market have been educated at places like Stanford, Harvard, Oxford. They pick and choose policies that work in developed countries and adapt them to their economy. Click …..That is called leapfrogging ahead.<br />Be aware bureacracy and corruption are challenging in these countries it is not easy to find your way around. You need experience or expertise to operate succesfully. Further down the road we will discuss cultural differences and how to tackle these.<br />Realignment of the Global Economy<br />Who will be the super powers of the future ?<br />JTo understand this correctly we have to look at the past<br />Centuries ago, from the 1500 to 1800 China and India were the largest economies in the world. Making up more than 50% of world trade. <br />Europe, the United States and Japan came out on top at various points in the last two hundred years by essentially out-innovating other countries. You can clearly see in the chart the rise of the United States, as well as the imploding economy of China due to being a closed a economy much due to communism. <br />In the last 10 years, the emerging countries have learned that to compete on global scale, they need sensible economic policies an open economy and an educated workforce. <br />Plaatje groei ! It is estimated see chart That. China will become the largest economy in the world, followed by many other emerging markets such india, Brazil, Russia but also Mexico and Indonesia.<br />Other projections: Next slide Plaatje met Chinese fabriek <br />By 2030-2035, the combined GDP of emerging markets will overtake that of currently mature economies (US, Europe, Japan, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, etc.).<br />Goldman Sachs estimates that the four largest emerging markets (known as BRICs – China, Brazil, India and Russia) will overtake the G7 (US, Japan, Germany, France, UK, Italy and Canada) by 2040.<br />By 2027, it’s estimated that China’s economy will be the largest in the World. Currently number two after USA.<br />By 2050, the emerging markets, in aggregate, will be nearly twice as large as the current developed economies.<br />Plaatje met containers <br />The Realignment of global economies is going on the world becomes more balanced by means of economic powers – Click… World Bank says that since 2008, developing countries have contributed virtually all global economic growth and it’s expected that more than 70% of global economic growth in the next 10 years will come from Emerging Markets. <br />Plaatje met consumers<br />Creation of more than two billion new consumers, investors, and educated people – all in the emerging markets.<br />Emerging Market economies not only growing because of internal demand, but they are also becoming the exporters to the rest of the world.<br />Emerging Markets are no longer only the source of cheap raw materials and cheap labor True there are still more than 1 billion people who make less than euro 1.25/day, many in India , China and Brazil), but there are world class, industry leaders headquartered there. <br />Look at the Inventions and technology<br />Most computers are made and designed in Taiwan and China.<br />Most advice on how to fix computers comes from India.<br />R&D centers Cisco spent over $1B on a 2nd global HQ in India, Microsoft’s R& D center in Beijing is its largest outside of US<br />New inventions in consumer electronics and wireless technology are emanating from Asia. <br />Emerging Markets taking advantage of global technological developments and actually leapfrogging the more developed nations<br />For instance : phone lines – rather than installing land lines, everybody uses mobile phones as a result there is mobile money – they use the mobile phones to make payments<br />Emerging Markets Gaining in Political Influence<br /> <br />The BRIC countries Brasil, Russia India and china are seen as the most powerful emerging markets <br />In 2008, G8 (France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the UK, the US, Canada, and Russia) increased to G20 to reflect emerging economies growing importance<br />More than half the G20 are emerging markets, including South Africa, Mexico, Argentina, Brazil, China, South Korea, India, Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, Russia, and Turkey.<br />Click In 2009, the G20 permanently replaced G8 as the main economic council of wealthy nations.<br />Today Emerging markets are pushing to decrease Europe’s influence over the IMF to reflect emerging economies’ growing influence globally, particularly China’s emergence as the world’s 2nd largest economy. <br />Are you ready for the challenges ahead ?<br />Samsung (Korea) – powerful global brand, R&D budget larger than Intel<br />Embraer (Brazil) – premier producer of regional jets<br />CEMEX (Mexico) – largest cement company in US, second largest in UK, third largest globally<br />Inbev (Brazil/Belgium) – CEO is Brazilian, world’s largest beer company, <br />Business<br />Who cares about emerging markets many western companies why ? here it is<br />Emerging Markets are characterized by strong economic growth, which leads to more disposable income in the hands of a growing middle class. As emerging countries improve their infrastructure and their GDPs continue to rise, the demand for products like cars phones etc is on the increase. Also packaged food becomes more accessible for a larger percentage of the population, lets take a look at Procter and gamble Click<br />Click PG Currently operates in more than 100 countries.<br />Click Americans and Europeans spend around 110 euro /year/capita on PG products vs. $12 globally.<br />Click In Mexico consumption is 20 euro/year/capita vs. less than 4 euro in China and less than 2 euro in India.<br />Click Goal is to get China and India consumption to Mexico level of consumption. If they do, that’s another 40 billion euro in sales.<br />As the emerging markets are more and more opening up the world globalises. Globalization has many side effect both positive and negative. <br />Globalization is BY MANY seen as inevitable & controversial (child labour/ human rights)<br />Some win, some lose ( jobs go away, factories close and open up somewhere else, growing income disparity )<br />Fear for diluting of local cultures. The mac donaldization of the world.<br />Reaction such as protectionism pop up.<br />An example of protectionism in the world<br />US cotton farmers have received government subsidies for years. around 4 billion usd per year. WTO rules of global trade stipulates clearly NO subsidies.<br />Brazil filed case against US at the WTO. The WTO naturally ruled in favor of Brazil<br />The US didn’t change anything it continued subsidies. Instead the US appealed. The case made the rounds in the WTO for 7 years. The USA kept losing appeals.<br />WTO can’t do anything to force US to comply. quot;
The WTO has no legal authority to make any country do anything. Still Brazil could RETALIATE as WTO rules allows the winning country (Brazil) to tax imports from the losing country (US). So Brazil threatened to impose import taxes on over 100 products from the US. <br />The affected US manufacturers pressured the US government to do something.<br />Today the USA pays Brazilian farmers $150 million per year <br />Is this a bribe ? Yes, it is.<br />Another question arises What are the implications for other cotton producers in the world?<br />Another big class.<br />China versus google an example of government control or protectionism ?<br />Google retreated from China, the world's biggest Internet market, as it would not tolerate strict censorship of its search engine. Google discovered sophisticated and targeted cyber attack on its email service. Google said it believed hackers were targeting Chinese human rights activists. <br />Under the new game plan 2011 2012, Google is targeting Chinese firms to advertise on its dominant overseas search market ... Google is betting that rapidly-growing Chinese exporters, keen to reach out to overseas customers, will make use of the company's global reach through its international search sites.<br />Other Obstacles <br />Political instability and legal structure, you often see that the legal framework has matured. As there is often no clear distinction between the executive power ( Government), legislative power (the Chamber of Representatives and a Senate) and the judicial power (The courts).<br />Restrictions on foreign investment and ownership, as the emerging markets are opening up it is not yet allowed in many of these EM countries for foreign companies to take complete ownership of local companies or land. <br />Corruption, Emerging markets score high on the corruption index. It still part of doing business, many western multinational adopt and have specific funds for bribes.<br />undervalued exchange rates <br />Emerging Markets have undervalued exchange rates many exchange rates are relatively fixed(Especially China and India); some people estimate that the US$ and Euro would have to devalue 30-50% to reflect true purchasing power exchange rates with emerging markets. It is part of their strategy to drive exports up.<br />Make up your mind and judge Do YOU SEE THEM AS AN OPPURTUNITY OR AS A THREAT ?<br />My advice click ……..get to know them !!!<br />Just remember life begins at the end of your comfort zone.<br />Enjoy , if there any questions drop me a message.<br />Take care ! Rutger<br />