Stigma of mental disorders and young people
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Stigma of mental disorders and young people -presentation at PAD (Positive Attitude Development) Project, Arcada, Helsinki 10.01.2017
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Depression is a pathological state of the mind characterised lack of self-confidence and self-esteem. The
cause of depression is multi factorial and various physical, psychological, environmental and genetic
factors have been implicated in the causation of depression. Despite being a serious condition in all age
groups, depression is more common and significant in the geriatric population as it is associated with
significant morbidity and mortality. Various scales have been developed to assess depression of which the
Geriatric Depression Scale is most suited for elderly population. It has a long form and short form, the
latter being more appropriate for elderly patients with dementia. In our study, we aim to analyse the
prevalence of depression among elderly patients visiting the outpatient departments of a tertiary care
hospital and determine the factors influencing depression in them. The study was an Observational cross sectional
study carried out on 51 elderly patients over the age of 60 years attending the various outpatient
departments of PSG Hospital. The Geriatric Depression Scale Short form was used to determine the
prevalence of depression. A self-designed questionnaire considering various factors causing depression
was administered to determine the factors influencing depression. It was found that among 51 elders in the
age group of 60 to 80 years, 58.8% were depressed of which 54% were males and 68% were females.
Financial fears regarding future and income insufficiency were the most important factors contributing to
depression. This shows that monetary fear is a major factor resulting in depression. The most effective
strategy to combat depression is to ensure appropriate self-report. The government and other organizations
must ensure that better support, both financial and other services like healthcare are provided to the
elderly in order to prevent depressive illnesses.
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This document provides an overview of a course on depressive disorders in children and adolescents. The four sessions will cover epidemiology and clinical presentation, evaluation and diagnosis, pharmacotherapy and medical treatments, and non-pharmacologic treatments. Key points include variations in depressive symptoms by developmental stage, diagnostic criteria for major depressive disorder, importance of differential diagnosis and high rates of comorbidity. Rating scales are commonly used but have limitations. Factors like family history, medical conditions, and environment contribute to risk.
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- Depression is the leading cause of disability worldwide and will become the leading cause of disease burden by 2030.
- Around 350 million people currently suffer from depression. Treatment gaps are large, with less than 50% of cases receiving treatment globally.
- Risk factors include female gender, low socioeconomic status, family history, and exposure to violence. Left untreated, depression increases the risk of suicide.
- Effective treatments exist but many barriers prevent treatment, including lack of resources, trained providers, and stigma. Primary care-based treatment with medication and psychotherapy can effectively manage depression.
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factors have been implicated in the causation of depression. Despite being a serious condition in all age
groups, depression is more common and significant in the geriatric population as it is associated with
significant morbidity and mortality. Various scales have been developed to assess depression of which the
Geriatric Depression Scale is most suited for elderly population. It has a long form and short form, the
latter being more appropriate for elderly patients with dementia. In our study, we aim to analyse the
prevalence of depression among elderly patients visiting the outpatient departments of a tertiary care
hospital and determine the factors influencing depression in them. The study was an Observational cross sectional
study carried out on 51 elderly patients over the age of 60 years attending the various outpatient
departments of PSG Hospital. The Geriatric Depression Scale Short form was used to determine the
prevalence of depression. A self-designed questionnaire considering various factors causing depression
was administered to determine the factors influencing depression. It was found that among 51 elders in the
age group of 60 to 80 years, 58.8% were depressed of which 54% were males and 68% were females.
Financial fears regarding future and income insufficiency were the most important factors contributing to
depression. This shows that monetary fear is a major factor resulting in depression. The most effective
strategy to combat depression is to ensure appropriate self-report. The government and other organizations
must ensure that better support, both financial and other services like healthcare are provided to the
elderly in order to prevent depressive illnesses.
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Depression is a global crisis affecting over 350 million people worldwide. It is the leading cause of disability and a significant contributor to the global burden of disease. While treatments for depression exist, the majority of those suffering do not receive adequate care due to lack of resources, trained professionals, and social stigma. On this 20th anniversary of World Mental Health Day, the theme of "Depression: A Global Crisis" calls for continued collaboration to strengthen health services and build individual and community resilience to reduce the impact of this disorder.
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Geraldine covers:
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Grant Proposal-Assessing the role of stigma towards mental health patients in help seeking
Study problem
There are several studies that have shown that stigmatization towards mental health patients have been present throughout history and even despite the evolution in modern medicine and advanced treatment. For example, Verhaeghe et al., (2014), captures in a publication in reference to a study that he conducted that stigmatization towards mental health patients has been there even as early is in the 18th Century. People were hesitant to interact with people termed or perceived to have mental health conditions.
Stigmatization has resulted from the belief that those with mental problem are aggressive and dangerous creating a social distance (Szeto et al., 2017). Also, mental health-related stigma has become of major concern as it creates crucial barriers to access treatment and quality care since it not only influences the behaviour of the patients but also the attitude of the providers hence impacting help-seeking. Timmermann, Uhrenfeldt and Birkelund (2014), have identified stigma as a barrier that is of significance to care or help seeking while the extent to which it still remains a barrier have not been reviewed deeply. Therefore, this study will assess the role contributed by stigma in help seeking in depth. 1. Purpose
The intention of the research study is to review the association between stigma, mental illness and help seeking in order to formulate ways in which the stigma that is around mental health is done away with to enable as many people suffering from mental health complications to seek medical help.2. Background
Mental health is crucial in every stage of life. It is defined as the state of psychological well-being whereby the individual realizes a satisfactory integration instinctual drive acceptable to both oneself and his or her social setting (Ritchie & Roser, 2018). The status of mental health influences physical health, relationships, and most importantly day-to-day life. Mental health problems arise when there is a disruption in mental well-being.
The risk factors to mental health problems are not limited and therefore everyone is entitled to the problem irrespective of gender, economic status, and ethnic group. For example, data shows that in America one out of five individuals experience mental health problems annually; with mental disorders being recognized as the leading cause of disability not only in the United States but also globally (Ritchie & Roser, 2018). Mental health disorders are seen to be complex and of many forms such as anxiety, mood, and schizophren.
Charles Alessi
The Dementia Intelligence Network (DIN) provides data tools and reports to help commissioners understand dementia prevalence and care in their local areas. The DIN's online Dementia Profile tool includes indicators across the dementia care pathway to assess needs, service usage, and outcomes. Recent updates include additional risk factor data and future plans involve expanding metrics on prevention, comorbidities, and health economics. The DIN aims to help local decision-makers improve dementia commissioning and care.
Jonathan Campion, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
Jonathan Campion, South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, United KingdomSosiaali- ja terveysministeriö / yleiset
This document discusses the importance of mental health promotion in schools. It notes that schools provide an opportunity to promote wellbeing and prevent mental illness during childhood and adolescence when most mental disorders emerge. The document summarizes evidence that school-based mental health promotion programs and early intervention for disorders lead to improved mental health, educational and life outcomes, and economic savings. It argues for implementing evidence-based, proportionate universal approaches to address mental health in schools given the broad impacts of mental illness and benefits of prevention.11 lucy
The document discusses the evolution of mental health services from the 20th to 21st century. It describes how quality of care, community-based services, and clinical governance were prioritized in restructuring an Irish mental health service based on a mission of independent, human rights-based and recovery-focused care. Key metrics like length of stay, readmission rates, and user satisfaction improved under this new model.
David oral presentation
The document discusses a proposed quantitative study on the effects of a psychosocial intervention on depression among caregivers of elderly people with dementia. The study would collect depression scale scores from 1,100 caregiver participants before and after receiving the intervention. The mean scores would be analyzed to compare changes in depression levels between groups and visually display trends over time. While the research is a first attempt, positive results could encourage promoting psychosocial interventions for caregivers given their lack of side effects compared to medications.
Integration policy models and the health of immigrants in Europe
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Session 2: Carol Brayne
Global mental health is a significant public health issue, with around 450 million people worldwide suffering from neuropsychiatric conditions. Depression is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. Large international studies like the 10/66 study have helped measure the prevalence of mental disorders across different countries and cultures, finding that conditions like dementia and depression are highly prevalent and associated with substantial disability. However, there remain many barriers to improving mental health globally, including insufficient funding, stigma, and lack of trained healthcare workers. Advocacy is needed to promote human rights and reduce treatment gaps for mental disorders.
Integration policy models and the health of immigrants in Europe
This document summarizes research on the relationship between integration policies in European countries and the health of immigrants. It finds that immigrants living in countries with "exclusionist" integration policies tend to have poorer physical and mental health outcomes compared to immigrants in countries with more inclusive policies. Specifically:
- Immigrants in exclusionist countries have higher rates of poor self-rated health, limiting long-term illnesses, and mortality compared to natives. These health inequalities are larger than in inclusive countries.
- Immigrants in exclusionist countries also report more depressive symptoms, though socioeconomic factors explain some of this difference across countries.
- The findings suggest that more inclusive integration policies may benefit immigrants' health, while restrictive policies may
EPIDEMIOLOGical research in mental health.pptx
the importance of epidemiological studies, important historical research on mental health, techniques and processes, and epidemiological research findings on mental health during covid 19 are included.
Worth-it Projects Wellbeing Event Presentation
Presentations from Guest Speakers Dr Christian van Nieuwerburgh and Dr Mike McHugh. Including material from Worth-it Projects Managing Director Liz Robson and Director Maddy Stretton about the Worth-it projects and how the work they do with young people is invaluable, impactful and lasting. They share the integrated approach they have developed to support and improve the mental wellbeing of young people.
Public mental health: An overview
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Jonathan covers:
What is public mental health
PMH intelligence informs local JSNA and outcomes
Impacts of mental disorder and wellbeing
Risk and protective factors
Higher risk groups
Public mental health interventions
Intervention gap
Summary
Markku Peltonen: THL in public health promotion then and now
This document discusses the history and role of public health promotion in Finland. It describes how the Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL) has historically focused on health monitoring, research on disease prevention, and providing expertise to inform policies. A key example discussed is the North Karelia Project in the 1970s, which demonstrated that population-wide lifestyle changes could significantly reduce heart disease mortality rates through interventions targeting smoking, blood pressure, and cholesterol. The document also reviews current public health challenges around obesity and dementia, and THL's role in conducting randomized trials demonstrating lifestyle interventions can prevent associated diseases like diabetes and cognitive decline.
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Stigma of mental disorders and young people
- 1. Stigma of mental disorders Kristian Wahlbeck 10.1.2017
- 2. Anti-stigma work is at the core of any mental health actions
- 3. Stigma kills: Life expectancy for people with severe mental illness in the Nordic countries Wahlbeck et al, BJP 2011 Stigma10.1.2017 3
- 4. Life expectancy 1981-2003 (Finnish men) 11.4.2014 Sosiaalipsykiatrian tulevaisuus Westman 2011, Eur J Publ Health
- 5. Finland: Stigma links to impaired access to health care The effect of severe mental disorders on the rates of coronary revascularisation and coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality (A) and coronary hospitalisation (B) (each point represents 10-year age band across the age groups 40+ years, logarithmic scale). Manderbacka K et al. BMJ Open 2012;2:e000831 10.1.2017 Stigma5
- 7. The three components of stigma • Ignorance (misinformation) • Negative attitudes (prejudices) • Behaviour (discrimination) 10.1.2017 Stigma7
- 8. 25.11.2016 Policies in economic crises Stigma can be reduced 8 Social contact Mental health literacy Protest
- 10. Stereotype Attitude Discrimination 10.1.2017 Stigma10 Social contact Mental health literacy Protest
- 11. Stereotype Attitude Discrimination 10.1.2017 Stigma11 Social contact Mental health literacy Protest Legislation & Policy
- 12. Social contact: videos are as effective as face-to-face contact for young people Janoušková 2016, Eur Psych
- 13. Mental Health First Aid courses reduce negative attitudes Hadlaczky et al 2014
- 15. • Positive trends in attitudes
- 16. Mental disorder stigma trends in Finland •Positive trend: Stigma diminishes •Young people express more positive attitudes than older people •Women express more positive attitudes than men •Well educated express more positive attitudes than people with low educatation •Wide awareness of stigma among users and NGOs, less political awareness •Attitudes are measured on a yearly basis by the NGO-initiated ”Mental Health Barometer” study •Extensive research on stigma of mental disorders Stigma10.1.2017 16
- 17. Geographic distribution of stigma research: Peer-reviewed publications 2007-2012 -review papers are excluded -only papers with English-language abstract are included Source: Evans-Lacko 2014 Eur Psych (submitted) Stigma Publication per capita (millions) None 0-0.3 0.3-0.6 0.6-0.9 0.9-0.12 0.12 and more low high Evans-Lacko et al. Eur Psych 2014 10.1.2017 17
- 18. Finnish stigma research Basically, three lines of research: 1. Experience of stigma and discrimination of people with mental disorders 2. General population attitudes e.g. the yearly Mental Health Barometer since 2005 3. Attitudes of professionals and students 10.1.2017 Stigma18
- 19. It is not about ”us” and ”them”, it is about ”one of us” How can we make people with mental disorders part of ”us”? Stigma10.1.2017 19
Editor's Notes
- Good collaboration with schools, labour market social partners, housing and city planning departments, etc.
- The effect of severe mental disorders on the rates of coronary revascularisation and coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality (A) and coronary hospitalisation (B) (each point represents 10-year age band across the age groups 40+ years, logarithmic scale). SMD, severe mental disorders.
- The strongest evidence bas exists for family interventions, e.g. home visit programs or parenting support. Social prescribing in primary health care
- Good collaboration with schools, labour market social partners, housing and city planning departments, etc.