Dental stem cells have the potential to differentiate into various cell types and can be used for regenerative therapies. There are several sources of dental stem cells including the dental pulp, periodontal ligament, and dental follicle. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) found in the pulp are highly proliferative and can differentiate into odontoblasts, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts, making them useful for tooth repair, alveolar bone regeneration, and salivary gland or tongue reconstruction. While DPSCs show promise for regenerative applications, their isolation, storage and survival rates present challenges.

1. Dental stem cells and
its applications
Done by:
Mohamed Ahmed Alaa El-Din, Ahmed Mohamed Tawfik, Moaz Sarhan,Saeed Abdullah, Ahmed Nasser, Mostafa
Mohamed Farouk , Ahmed Hesham,Basel Essam,Hazem Khaled, Fares Ayman,Seif Farag Shahd Gamal, Reem
Mahmoud, Haidy Ahmed, Rawan Ayman, Omar Hassem ,Mark Nabil,David Samy,Karim Mohamed , Ahmed el
masry ,Salma mustafa ,Maya hisham ,Seif hossam,Osama mohamed ,Manar mahmoud , Mariam Ahmed Saad ,
Habiba Ali , Nourhan yousry , Habiba Ashraf and Mohamed Reda, Hind Samy ,Nouran Ayman ,Shrouk Mahmoud
,Loujaine Amed ,Engy Ahmed, Ahmed Kamal ,Haidy Asaid ,Toka Ahmed ,UthmanNassr,Yousr Fathy

2. O A stem cell is an immature cell (undifferentiated) that
has the potential to become specialized into different
types of cells throughout the body.

3. Classification of Stem Cells:
Stem cells can be classified into four broad types based on
their origin :
1. Stem cells from embryos
2. Stem cells from the fetus
3. Stem cells from the umbilical cord
4. Stem cells from the adult
Stem cells can be classified according to stages of development as:
1. Pluripotent stem cells
2. Multipotent stem cells
3. Totipotent stem cells
4. Inducible pluripotent stem cells

4. Stem Cells
*They are either
Adult stem cells Embryonic stem cells
derived from found in
various adult tissues
.
which are isolated from
the inner cell mass of
blastocysts in early
embryonic development

5. Sites of Stem cells in oral
cavity
O In pulp (DPSCs)
O In periodontal ligaments (PLSCs)
O In Apical Papillae (SCAP)
O Around follicle of precursors tooth.
O Around gingiva

6. Dental pulp stem
cells (DPSC)
• Origin: not fully
determined
• Source has of odontoblast
that contribute to the
formation of dentin-plup
complex
Dental pulp of human
exfoliated deciduous
teeth (SHED)
• Highly proliferative
• Resource for stem cell therapies :
1-tissue engineering

7. Stem cells of apical
papilla (SCAP)
• At the tips of growing
tooth roots
• Can differentiate into
odontoblast and adipocyte
Dental follicle progenitor
cells (DFPC)
• Derived from dental sac surrounding
enamel organ and dental papilla of
developing tooth
• Contain progenitor cells for

9. Mechanisms of action of stem
cells
O Stem cells have three unique
characteristics:
O They are capable of dividing and
renewing themselves for long periods.
O They are unspecialized.
O They can give rise to specialized cell
types.

10. What are the pulp stem cells ?
O Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) :
are stem cells present in the
dental pulp, which is the soft
living tissue within teeth.
O They are pluripotent; can give rise
to all of the cell types that make up
the body as they can form embryoid
body-like structures (EBs) in vitro

11. DPSCs
O It is found in cell
rich zone to
compensate the injury
and absence of any
cell.

12. Characteristics of Dental
pulp stem cells
O Studies have shown that the
proliferation rate of DPSCs is 30%
higher than in other stem cells,
due to the fact that they exhibit
elevated amounts of cell cycling
molecules such as cyclin-
dependent kinase 6 (CDK6),
present in the dental pulp tissue.
.

13. Why are they important ?
 In case of injury: it differentiates into odontoblast,
chondrocytes and osteoblast quickly to form dentin,
cartilage and bone to aid the repair process
Osteoblast

14.  In case of deep caries: dental pulp cells migrate to
damaged area to form odontoblast & dentin

15. Alveolar Bone Regeneration
O Proper bone is required for implant.
O Height, volume and density are determining
the healthy proper bone required for implant.
O Patients may have insufficient bone volume
(resorbed bone).

16. O Derived-pulp stem cells can be used to
regenerate “bone grafts” to compensate the
resorbed bone.
O Bone grafts can resemble the natural bone.

17. Regeneration of salivary glands
• Either artificial or damage ones
Regeneration of tongue
• Reconstructing tongue defects either in
muscles or taste buds
Regeneration of mandible condyle
• Solution for temporomandibular joint defects or
trauma

18. General application of stem cells
The most important
application of human stem
cells is the regeneration of
cells and tissues that it
could be used for cell
based therapy. In general
stem cells has the potential
to differentiate to any type
of specific cells offering
possibility of a renewable
source of replacement
tissue and cells Also in
many diseases treatment
as Stroke, Alzheimer’s ,
burns , heart diseases

19. Drawbacks of using DPSCs
1. Transportation & Isolation of stem cells are
critical.
2. Chances of contamination are high.
3. Cost may be high.
4. Stem cells may have a low survival rate.

20. Factors affecting DSCs
1. Bleaching
2. Ageing

21. Bleaching
O Bleaching gels with 8 and 10 % H2O2 in their
composition cause limited immediate toxic
effect on pulp stem cells, which recover their
viability 3 days after treatment.

22. Ageing
O Ageing affects DPSCs, which exhibit typical
senescence features such as enlarged cell
shape, decreased proliferation and decreased
differentiation potential.
O Ageing also affects the ability of DPSCs to
contribute to mineralisation processes

23. Dental pulp banking
O is the process of storing these cells found in
milk teeth and wisdom teeth
O unique to your child; a 100% match and a 25%
chance of a match to a sibling.
O Milk tooth cells can be held as a type of health
protection, which one day might help to save
their life should they ever contract a serious
illness or condition.