Morocco imports flat steel products like cold rolled steel, galvanized steel, and pre-painted galvanized steel from countries around the world. Spain is a major supplier for these imports, providing over 40% of Morocco's cold rolled steel and nearly 50% of galvanized steel imports. Morocco also exports flat steel products, with over 40% of cold rolled steel exports and over 70% of galvanized steel exports going to countries in Africa and the Middle East. Local production in Morocco comes from one main steel producer, Maghreb Steel, which supplies around 90% of the domestic flat steel market.
The document is an internship project report submitted by Rahul Budhia to Ultratech Cement Ltd. and IMT Hyderabad in partial fulfillment of PGDM program requirements. The report focuses on developing a loyalty program for Ultratech cement dealers and sub-dealers in Hyderabad. It includes conducting a survey to understand dealer satisfaction with Ultratech's services and schemes, analyzing the findings, and providing suggestions to strengthen relationships with dealers. The goal is to help Ultratech cement gain insights into dealer perceptions and improve strategies to increase dealer loyalty.
This document is a summer internship report submitted by Chandra Prakash Singh, an MBA student at Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad. The report details his 45-day internship mapping the effectiveness of sales and distribution channels of Jaypee Cement in Allahabad. It includes declarations, acknowledgements, an executive summary of his findings, and the beginning of chapter 1 which provides an introduction and objectives of the project. The project aims to analyze Jaypee Cement's market share in Allahabad and understand customer and retailer preferences and the effectiveness of sales promotion activities.
Complete analysis of Indian Cement Industry with latest data including PEST Analysis, PORTER's Five Force Analysis and Future Prospects of the Industry
The document discusses the steel industry in India. It provides an introduction to the steel industry, noting that India is the 8th largest producer of crude steel globally. It then discusses the market scenario for steel in India, highlighting increasing consumption. The document also discusses the global steel scenario, major players in the Indian steel industry like SAIL and Tata Steel, pricing strategies, and opportunities for growth in the industry.
Critical Mineral Supply Chains - EclipseRyan Gibson
The document discusses critical mineral supply chains. It covers background on critical minerals and their applications, future demand outpacing supply, the US's dependence on imports for critical minerals, and public and private sector actions to boost domestic supply chains. It also discusses opportunities in areas like critical mineral discovery, processing of lithium and graphite, battery recycling including collection and novel recycling processes, and extraction.
The document provides details about a seminar report submitted by Anamika Verma for her Post Graduate Diploma in Management. The report focuses on the cement industry in India and provides an overview of the industry, key domestic and global players, installed capacity, technological changes, and the ready-mix concrete business. It then provides specific details about UltraTech Cement, including its history, financial facts, manufacturing capacity, products, and plant machinery.
This project is based on the study of the wireless communication and its maintenance in Tata Steel. In the MED dept. of Tata Steel I have studied the maintenance and fault diagnostics methodology in Motorola wireless set. Tata Steel uses Motorola W/T sets. Currently GP 338/328 is used for handheld sets and GM-338 is used for Static Sets.
The document is an internship project report submitted by Rahul Budhia to Ultratech Cement Ltd. and IMT Hyderabad in partial fulfillment of PGDM program requirements. The report focuses on developing a loyalty program for Ultratech cement dealers and sub-dealers in Hyderabad. It includes conducting a survey to understand dealer satisfaction with Ultratech's services and schemes, analyzing the findings, and providing suggestions to strengthen relationships with dealers. The goal is to help Ultratech cement gain insights into dealer perceptions and improve strategies to increase dealer loyalty.
This document is a summer internship report submitted by Chandra Prakash Singh, an MBA student at Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad. The report details his 45-day internship mapping the effectiveness of sales and distribution channels of Jaypee Cement in Allahabad. It includes declarations, acknowledgements, an executive summary of his findings, and the beginning of chapter 1 which provides an introduction and objectives of the project. The project aims to analyze Jaypee Cement's market share in Allahabad and understand customer and retailer preferences and the effectiveness of sales promotion activities.
Complete analysis of Indian Cement Industry with latest data including PEST Analysis, PORTER's Five Force Analysis and Future Prospects of the Industry
The document discusses the steel industry in India. It provides an introduction to the steel industry, noting that India is the 8th largest producer of crude steel globally. It then discusses the market scenario for steel in India, highlighting increasing consumption. The document also discusses the global steel scenario, major players in the Indian steel industry like SAIL and Tata Steel, pricing strategies, and opportunities for growth in the industry.
Critical Mineral Supply Chains - EclipseRyan Gibson
The document discusses critical mineral supply chains. It covers background on critical minerals and their applications, future demand outpacing supply, the US's dependence on imports for critical minerals, and public and private sector actions to boost domestic supply chains. It also discusses opportunities in areas like critical mineral discovery, processing of lithium and graphite, battery recycling including collection and novel recycling processes, and extraction.
The document provides details about a seminar report submitted by Anamika Verma for her Post Graduate Diploma in Management. The report focuses on the cement industry in India and provides an overview of the industry, key domestic and global players, installed capacity, technological changes, and the ready-mix concrete business. It then provides specific details about UltraTech Cement, including its history, financial facts, manufacturing capacity, products, and plant machinery.
This project is based on the study of the wireless communication and its maintenance in Tata Steel. In the MED dept. of Tata Steel I have studied the maintenance and fault diagnostics methodology in Motorola wireless set. Tata Steel uses Motorola W/T sets. Currently GP 338/328 is used for handheld sets and GM-338 is used for Static Sets.
Project Report on Retail Market and Market Scenario of Star Cement In Barak V...Surojit Bhowmick
This document provides an overview of the cement industry and Star Cement company. It discusses the origins and types of cement. It then gives a brief history and overview of the Indian cement industry and Star Cement company. The document serves as an introduction to the project report on the retail market and market scenario of Star Cement in Barak Valley. It outlines the company profile, types of products offered by Star Cement, and provides an introduction to key concepts that will be discussed in the report such as marketing and retail markets.
the internship report at lucky cement factory plant at karachi near nooriabad .......
we see no. of activitise over here and we enjoy alot ........
this report include all process and activites to make the cement ..........!!!!
The steel industry in India is affected by macroeconomic factors like GDP growth and inflation. Higher GDP growth leads to increased steel consumption for infrastructure and other sectors, fueling steel industry growth. However, high inflation has negatively impacted the steel industry by slowing growth in key customer industries like automobiles and construction. Rising inflation has also reduced consumer demand for housing and vehicles. The Reserve Bank of India's interest rate hikes to combat inflation have further raised borrowing costs, negatively impacting steel-intensive industries.
The document summarizes the refractory industry in India. It discusses that refractories are heat resistant materials used in industrial furnaces. The Indian refractory industry is fragmented with over 150 players and produces around 2 million tons annually. It is dependent on imports for raw materials from China. The industry faces challenges from increasing raw material prices, competition from cheaper Chinese imports, and demand fluctuations from steel and cement industries. However, opportunities exist in new sectors and developing specialized products.
Summer project report by sweta jaiswal biitmSweta Jaiswal
The document is a summer project report submitted by Sweta Jaiswal for her MBA course at the Biju Patnaik Institute of IT & Management. The report focuses on analyzing the fabricators loyalty program of Tata Steel in India. It includes sections on the history and profile of Tata Steel, an overview of the objectives and methodology of the analysis of the fabricators loyalty program, as well as preliminary findings and recommendations.
Vizag Steel is a public sector steel manufacturing company in India and the fourth largest steel producer in the country. It has an annual production capacity of 4.2 million tons and markets its products across South Asia, Southeast Asia, China, Japan, and other regions. The Indian steel industry has many players and is a highly competitive industry with growing global competitiveness. Vizag Steel produces various steel products including hot rolled, cold rolled, plates, and structurals for applications in construction, infrastructure, automotive, and other industries. It has a diverse customer base and exports about 50% of its steel production.
JSW- Steel Plant -Operation process -TMT Niraj Kumar
JSW Steel Ltd is one of India's leading steel manufacturers with a capacity of 18 MTPA. It operates plants across India and has global operations including a plate and pipe mill in the US. JSW uses various processes in its production including beneficiation, pelletizing, sintering, blast furnaces, and converter processes. It has implemented technologies like Corex and Morgan systems to produce high quality steel in an environmentally friendly manner while achieving strength, ductility, weldability, and corrosion resistance. JSW works with automation partners like Danieli, ABB and uses systems like Roll@xA Optimize to efficiently plan production and optimize quality and throughput.
This document is a report submitted by Abhinav Nandy, a student at Birla Institute of Management Technology, as part of an internship with UltraTech Cement. The report provides an overview of UltraTech Cement and its new Building Product Division, which offers six products: UltraTech SEAL & DRY, UltraTech SUPER STUCCO, UltraTech XTRALITE, UltraTech FIXOBLOCK, UltraTech READIPLAST, and UltraTech POWERGROUT. The report then acknowledges those who assisted with the report and declares that the research was conducted ethically and authentically.
This document provides an overview of Jindal Steels Pvt. Ltd., an Indian steel and energy company. It discusses the company's locations, sectors, product mix, quality policy, organizational structure, corporate social responsibility initiatives, waste management practices, and emphasis on safety. Key points include that Jindal Steels has operations in India, Oman, Bolivia, Mauritius, and the United States; produces a variety of steel and cement products; and focuses on sustainable development, social initiatives, and maintaining a safe work environment.
The document summarizes the Indian steel industry. It states that India is the 5th largest steel producer globally and is projected to become the 2nd largest by 2015-2016. The key players in the industry are Tata Steel, Jindal Steel & Power, Jindal Iron & Steel, Essar Steel, and Steel Authority of India. The industry faces challenges such as delays in land acquisition and lack of infrastructure. The government aims to support the industry through infrastructure development and policies promoting foreign investment and SEZs.
E-mobility | Part 2 - Battery Technology & Alternative Innovations (English)Vertex Holdings
Today, 60% of electric vehicles (EVs) are powered by lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to its efficiency, high power-to-weight ratio and flexibility to allow chemical alterations. As the EV industry gains steam, supply chain and design challenges are spurring battery manufacturers to explore alternatives.
Some of the alternative battery technologies include lithium-iron phosphate (LFP), lithium-sulfur battery (LSB) and sodium-ion battery (SIB). Besides LFP, LSB and SIB, solid-state batteries (SSBs) are touted as a forerunner for the next-generation battery technology.
Despite these advancements, the current speed of innovation is not accelerating fast enough to meet the demands of the rapidly growing EV sector. This presents opportunities in areas such as battery design and securing the supply chain locally via vertical integration.
As the world welcomes green mobility, commercializing battery technology will be imperative to drive global EV adoption. Given the increased push for battery development and innovation, we believe that it’s only a matter of time before supply catches up with demand.
Find out more here: https://bit.ly/3HUaf1Z
This document discusses fly ash management from thermal power plants. It begins with an abstract that outlines how fly ash is a major byproduct of coal-based power generation in India that can pollute the environment if not properly utilized or disposed of. The document then covers the production process of fly ash, its properties, types of ash generated, methods of disposal, and various beneficial uses like manufacturing bricks and cement. It also discusses environmental impacts and the need for proper fly ash management.
Training Report on Bhushan steel private limited gzbAnkit Gupta
The document summarizes the process of steel pickling at Bhushan Steel Pvt. Ltd. Pickling involves using acids like sulfuric or hydrochloric acid to chemically remove the scale formed on steel surfaces during hot rolling. The scale consists of iron oxide compounds that must be removed before further processing of steel. Pickling allows for quick, clean removal of scale without damaging the steel surface. Sulfuric acid is commonly used but hydrochloric acid also works by dissolving scale rapidly. Each acid has advantages and disadvantages for the pickling process.
Cutting Cost of CO2 Capture in Process Industry (CO2stCap) Project overview &...Global CCS Institute
The CO2StCap project is a four year initiative carried out by industry and academic partners with the aim of reducing capture costs from CO2 intensive industries (more info here). The project, led by Tel-Tek, is based on the idea that cost reduction is possible by capturing only a share of the CO2emissions from a given facility, instead of striving for maximized capture rates. This can be done in multiple ways, for instance by capturing only from the largest CO2 sources at individual multi-stack sites utilising cheap waste heat or adapting the capture volumes to seasonal changes in operations.
The main focus of this research is to perform techno-economic analyses for multiple partial CO2 capture concepts in order to identify economic optimums between cost and volumes captured. In total for four different case studies are developed for cement, iron & steel, pulp & paper and ferroalloys industries.
The first part of the webinar gave an overview of the project with insights into the cost estimation method used. The second part presented the iron & steel industry case study based on the Lulea site in Sweden, for which waste-heat mapping methodology has been used to assess the potential for partial capture via MEA-absorption. Capture costs for different CO2 sources were compared and discussed, demonstrating the viability of partial capture in an integrated steelworks.
Webinar presenters included Ragnhild Skagestad, senior researcher at Tel-Tek; Maximilian Biermann, PhD student at Division of Energy Technology, Chalmers University of Technology and Maria Sundqvist, research engineer at the department of process integration at Swerea MEFOS.
Fly ash bricks can be produced using two recipes: fly ash, lime, gypsum and sand or fly ash, sand and cement. They are lighter and stronger than clay bricks. Producing fly ash bricks utilizes the waste fly ash from thermal power plants in an environmentally friendly way to control pollution. With government support and superior quality, demand for fly ash bricks is increasing. The production process involves mixing raw materials, pressing into bricks, and curing with water. This avoids emissions and effluents generated by firing clay bricks.
GFRG panels are gypsum-based wall panels reinforced with glass fiber. They provide a fast construction alternative that reduces costs, materials, labor, and construction time compared to conventional methods. GFRG panels are made from industrial gypsum waste in a three-stage process involving pouring gypsum mixes and inserting glass fibers and plugs to form hollow cavities. Buildings can be constructed quickly using GFRG panels by erecting wall panels on starter bars, filling joints with concrete, and adding doors, windows, and roof slabs. This construction method addresses needs around sustainable and affordable housing construction.
This document provides an overview of the Indian steel industry. It states that India is the 4th largest producer of crude steel globally, producing around 89 million tonnes in 2011-2012. It also discusses the major players in the industry, reasons for the industry's growth including abundant resources and a strong global presence. The document analyzes the industry using PEST and Porter's Five Forces frameworks and outlines challenges, opportunities and future prospects for further development of the Indian steel sector.
This document provides a history of the cement industry in Pakistan from independence in 1947 through recent years. It discusses key developments and ownership changes in the industry during different eras, including nationalization under Bhutto, de-nationalization under Zia-ul-Haq, and privatization under Nawaz Sharif. The cement industry grew significantly from its origins of 4 plants with 0.5 million tons of capacity to over 24 plants with capacity over 8.5 million tons by 1990 through expansions in both the public and private sectors over several decades.
A brief presentation on Cement Industry
Which includes:
# Structure of Cement Industry
# Cement Plants in India
# Major Players in Cement Industry
# Types Of Cement
# Manufacturing of Cement
# Future of Indian Cement Industry
# Key Success Factors
# Government Initiatives
# Weakness and Threat
# Interesting Facts
This document provides an overview of social media marketing. It discusses what social media marketing is, how to develop a social media marketing plan by determining key messages and target customers. It also covers how to choose the right social media channels, create valuable content, monitor social media conversations, and measure the effectiveness of social media marketing efforts. Tools for content creation, scheduling posts, and monitoring are also presented. The goal is to help businesses leverage social media to connect with customers and drive sales.
The document describes the marketing campaign for the Man of Steel film, including trailers posted to YouTube, movie posters displayed in theaters, magazine covers featuring the lead actor, an official website and social media pages to provide information and generate buzz, a promotional video game, mobile apps, partnerships with well-known brands for co-promotion, and an online merchandise shop allowing fans to purchase branded items. The wide-ranging campaign was intended to build audience awareness and interest in the film through multiple advertising channels before its release in theaters.
Project Report on Retail Market and Market Scenario of Star Cement In Barak V...Surojit Bhowmick
This document provides an overview of the cement industry and Star Cement company. It discusses the origins and types of cement. It then gives a brief history and overview of the Indian cement industry and Star Cement company. The document serves as an introduction to the project report on the retail market and market scenario of Star Cement in Barak Valley. It outlines the company profile, types of products offered by Star Cement, and provides an introduction to key concepts that will be discussed in the report such as marketing and retail markets.
the internship report at lucky cement factory plant at karachi near nooriabad .......
we see no. of activitise over here and we enjoy alot ........
this report include all process and activites to make the cement ..........!!!!
The steel industry in India is affected by macroeconomic factors like GDP growth and inflation. Higher GDP growth leads to increased steel consumption for infrastructure and other sectors, fueling steel industry growth. However, high inflation has negatively impacted the steel industry by slowing growth in key customer industries like automobiles and construction. Rising inflation has also reduced consumer demand for housing and vehicles. The Reserve Bank of India's interest rate hikes to combat inflation have further raised borrowing costs, negatively impacting steel-intensive industries.
The document summarizes the refractory industry in India. It discusses that refractories are heat resistant materials used in industrial furnaces. The Indian refractory industry is fragmented with over 150 players and produces around 2 million tons annually. It is dependent on imports for raw materials from China. The industry faces challenges from increasing raw material prices, competition from cheaper Chinese imports, and demand fluctuations from steel and cement industries. However, opportunities exist in new sectors and developing specialized products.
Summer project report by sweta jaiswal biitmSweta Jaiswal
The document is a summer project report submitted by Sweta Jaiswal for her MBA course at the Biju Patnaik Institute of IT & Management. The report focuses on analyzing the fabricators loyalty program of Tata Steel in India. It includes sections on the history and profile of Tata Steel, an overview of the objectives and methodology of the analysis of the fabricators loyalty program, as well as preliminary findings and recommendations.
Vizag Steel is a public sector steel manufacturing company in India and the fourth largest steel producer in the country. It has an annual production capacity of 4.2 million tons and markets its products across South Asia, Southeast Asia, China, Japan, and other regions. The Indian steel industry has many players and is a highly competitive industry with growing global competitiveness. Vizag Steel produces various steel products including hot rolled, cold rolled, plates, and structurals for applications in construction, infrastructure, automotive, and other industries. It has a diverse customer base and exports about 50% of its steel production.
JSW- Steel Plant -Operation process -TMT Niraj Kumar
JSW Steel Ltd is one of India's leading steel manufacturers with a capacity of 18 MTPA. It operates plants across India and has global operations including a plate and pipe mill in the US. JSW uses various processes in its production including beneficiation, pelletizing, sintering, blast furnaces, and converter processes. It has implemented technologies like Corex and Morgan systems to produce high quality steel in an environmentally friendly manner while achieving strength, ductility, weldability, and corrosion resistance. JSW works with automation partners like Danieli, ABB and uses systems like Roll@xA Optimize to efficiently plan production and optimize quality and throughput.
This document is a report submitted by Abhinav Nandy, a student at Birla Institute of Management Technology, as part of an internship with UltraTech Cement. The report provides an overview of UltraTech Cement and its new Building Product Division, which offers six products: UltraTech SEAL & DRY, UltraTech SUPER STUCCO, UltraTech XTRALITE, UltraTech FIXOBLOCK, UltraTech READIPLAST, and UltraTech POWERGROUT. The report then acknowledges those who assisted with the report and declares that the research was conducted ethically and authentically.
This document provides an overview of Jindal Steels Pvt. Ltd., an Indian steel and energy company. It discusses the company's locations, sectors, product mix, quality policy, organizational structure, corporate social responsibility initiatives, waste management practices, and emphasis on safety. Key points include that Jindal Steels has operations in India, Oman, Bolivia, Mauritius, and the United States; produces a variety of steel and cement products; and focuses on sustainable development, social initiatives, and maintaining a safe work environment.
The document summarizes the Indian steel industry. It states that India is the 5th largest steel producer globally and is projected to become the 2nd largest by 2015-2016. The key players in the industry are Tata Steel, Jindal Steel & Power, Jindal Iron & Steel, Essar Steel, and Steel Authority of India. The industry faces challenges such as delays in land acquisition and lack of infrastructure. The government aims to support the industry through infrastructure development and policies promoting foreign investment and SEZs.
E-mobility | Part 2 - Battery Technology & Alternative Innovations (English)Vertex Holdings
Today, 60% of electric vehicles (EVs) are powered by lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to its efficiency, high power-to-weight ratio and flexibility to allow chemical alterations. As the EV industry gains steam, supply chain and design challenges are spurring battery manufacturers to explore alternatives.
Some of the alternative battery technologies include lithium-iron phosphate (LFP), lithium-sulfur battery (LSB) and sodium-ion battery (SIB). Besides LFP, LSB and SIB, solid-state batteries (SSBs) are touted as a forerunner for the next-generation battery technology.
Despite these advancements, the current speed of innovation is not accelerating fast enough to meet the demands of the rapidly growing EV sector. This presents opportunities in areas such as battery design and securing the supply chain locally via vertical integration.
As the world welcomes green mobility, commercializing battery technology will be imperative to drive global EV adoption. Given the increased push for battery development and innovation, we believe that it’s only a matter of time before supply catches up with demand.
Find out more here: https://bit.ly/3HUaf1Z
This document discusses fly ash management from thermal power plants. It begins with an abstract that outlines how fly ash is a major byproduct of coal-based power generation in India that can pollute the environment if not properly utilized or disposed of. The document then covers the production process of fly ash, its properties, types of ash generated, methods of disposal, and various beneficial uses like manufacturing bricks and cement. It also discusses environmental impacts and the need for proper fly ash management.
Training Report on Bhushan steel private limited gzbAnkit Gupta
The document summarizes the process of steel pickling at Bhushan Steel Pvt. Ltd. Pickling involves using acids like sulfuric or hydrochloric acid to chemically remove the scale formed on steel surfaces during hot rolling. The scale consists of iron oxide compounds that must be removed before further processing of steel. Pickling allows for quick, clean removal of scale without damaging the steel surface. Sulfuric acid is commonly used but hydrochloric acid also works by dissolving scale rapidly. Each acid has advantages and disadvantages for the pickling process.
Cutting Cost of CO2 Capture in Process Industry (CO2stCap) Project overview &...Global CCS Institute
The CO2StCap project is a four year initiative carried out by industry and academic partners with the aim of reducing capture costs from CO2 intensive industries (more info here). The project, led by Tel-Tek, is based on the idea that cost reduction is possible by capturing only a share of the CO2emissions from a given facility, instead of striving for maximized capture rates. This can be done in multiple ways, for instance by capturing only from the largest CO2 sources at individual multi-stack sites utilising cheap waste heat or adapting the capture volumes to seasonal changes in operations.
The main focus of this research is to perform techno-economic analyses for multiple partial CO2 capture concepts in order to identify economic optimums between cost and volumes captured. In total for four different case studies are developed for cement, iron & steel, pulp & paper and ferroalloys industries.
The first part of the webinar gave an overview of the project with insights into the cost estimation method used. The second part presented the iron & steel industry case study based on the Lulea site in Sweden, for which waste-heat mapping methodology has been used to assess the potential for partial capture via MEA-absorption. Capture costs for different CO2 sources were compared and discussed, demonstrating the viability of partial capture in an integrated steelworks.
Webinar presenters included Ragnhild Skagestad, senior researcher at Tel-Tek; Maximilian Biermann, PhD student at Division of Energy Technology, Chalmers University of Technology and Maria Sundqvist, research engineer at the department of process integration at Swerea MEFOS.
Fly ash bricks can be produced using two recipes: fly ash, lime, gypsum and sand or fly ash, sand and cement. They are lighter and stronger than clay bricks. Producing fly ash bricks utilizes the waste fly ash from thermal power plants in an environmentally friendly way to control pollution. With government support and superior quality, demand for fly ash bricks is increasing. The production process involves mixing raw materials, pressing into bricks, and curing with water. This avoids emissions and effluents generated by firing clay bricks.
GFRG panels are gypsum-based wall panels reinforced with glass fiber. They provide a fast construction alternative that reduces costs, materials, labor, and construction time compared to conventional methods. GFRG panels are made from industrial gypsum waste in a three-stage process involving pouring gypsum mixes and inserting glass fibers and plugs to form hollow cavities. Buildings can be constructed quickly using GFRG panels by erecting wall panels on starter bars, filling joints with concrete, and adding doors, windows, and roof slabs. This construction method addresses needs around sustainable and affordable housing construction.
This document provides an overview of the Indian steel industry. It states that India is the 4th largest producer of crude steel globally, producing around 89 million tonnes in 2011-2012. It also discusses the major players in the industry, reasons for the industry's growth including abundant resources and a strong global presence. The document analyzes the industry using PEST and Porter's Five Forces frameworks and outlines challenges, opportunities and future prospects for further development of the Indian steel sector.
This document provides a history of the cement industry in Pakistan from independence in 1947 through recent years. It discusses key developments and ownership changes in the industry during different eras, including nationalization under Bhutto, de-nationalization under Zia-ul-Haq, and privatization under Nawaz Sharif. The cement industry grew significantly from its origins of 4 plants with 0.5 million tons of capacity to over 24 plants with capacity over 8.5 million tons by 1990 through expansions in both the public and private sectors over several decades.
A brief presentation on Cement Industry
Which includes:
# Structure of Cement Industry
# Cement Plants in India
# Major Players in Cement Industry
# Types Of Cement
# Manufacturing of Cement
# Future of Indian Cement Industry
# Key Success Factors
# Government Initiatives
# Weakness and Threat
# Interesting Facts
This document provides an overview of social media marketing. It discusses what social media marketing is, how to develop a social media marketing plan by determining key messages and target customers. It also covers how to choose the right social media channels, create valuable content, monitor social media conversations, and measure the effectiveness of social media marketing efforts. Tools for content creation, scheduling posts, and monitoring are also presented. The goal is to help businesses leverage social media to connect with customers and drive sales.
The document describes the marketing campaign for the Man of Steel film, including trailers posted to YouTube, movie posters displayed in theaters, magazine covers featuring the lead actor, an official website and social media pages to provide information and generate buzz, a promotional video game, mobile apps, partnerships with well-known brands for co-promotion, and an online merchandise shop allowing fans to purchase branded items. The wide-ranging campaign was intended to build audience awareness and interest in the film through multiple advertising channels before its release in theaters.
Dokumen tersebut membahas tentang Ilmu Bahan Teknik. Secara umum membahas tentang pengertian ilmu bahan, klasifikasi bahan teknik, pemilihan bahan, dan sifat-sifat mekanik bahan seperti kekuatan, kekerasan, kekakuan dan elastisitas."
This document provides background information on Tata Steel, including:
- Tata Steel is India's largest private sector steel company with an annual production capacity of 31 million tons.
- Its vision is to be a global benchmark for value creation and corporate citizenship through its people, products/services, innovative approach, and ethical conduct.
- The company's key products include finished steel, ferroalloys, tubes, bearings, and more which it distributes via direct supply, stockyards, agents, and processing agents.
- Tata Steel focuses on customer service, innovation, operational excellence, responsible business practices, and developing its people to achieve sustainable growth.
1. Baja adalah paduan besi dan karbon dengan kandungan karbon 0,2-2,1%. Karbon berperan mengeraskan kisi kristal besi. Baja karbon dibedakan berdasarkan kandungan karbonnya. Baja juga mengandung unsur lain yang mempengaruhi sifatnya.
ADimension® - Improving Online CampaignsResearch Now
- Research Now and Steel Marketing presented on their unique online ad tracking technology, ADimension.
- ADimension combines large opt-in consumer panels with ad campaign tagging to measure ad exposure and assess campaign effectiveness through surveys.
- A case study was presented on Debenhams' "Life Made Fabulous" online display campaign measured using ADimension. Key findings included increased awareness levels and strong associations between the campaign's messaging and target audiences.
The document summarizes economic cooperation opportunities between South Africa and Ukraine. It outlines South Africa's economic mandate to increase exports and attract foreign direct investment. Key opportunities for Ukraine companies include sectors identified in South Africa's Industrial Policy Action Plan such as metals, automotive, agro-industries, and chemicals. The document also provides an overview of South Africa and Ukraine's economies and bilateral trade, which is currently dominated by South African commodity exports. It identifies various South African investment incentives and support programs available to foreign investors.
- Magnesita had robust operating results in 2010, with net revenues increasing 18% to R$2.3 billion due to growth across all product lines, particularly in services and minerals.
- The company achieved an operating cash flow of R$365.2 million, three times higher than 2009, with a net income of R$92.3 million.
- Magnesita has strengthened its financial position with a reduction in both debt and working capital, positioning itself for continued growth.
- Magnesita had robust operating results in 2010, with net revenues increasing 18% to R$2.3 billion due to growth across all product lines, particularly in services and minerals.
- The company achieved an operating cash flow of R$365.2 million, three times higher than 2009, with a net income of R$92.3 million.
- Magnesita improved its financial position in 2010, reducing both debt and working capital, with a net debt to EBITDA ratio of 2.1x.
Non-Tariff Barriers on Trade among League of Arab StatesMahmoud Fath-Allah
Mahmoud R. Fath-Allah (2014), "Non-Tariff Barriers among the League of Arab States Countries', submitted to Seminar on “Non-Tariff Barriers to Trade among OIC African Member Countries”, organised by ICDT, OIC, Casablanca – Kingdom of Morocco, 19 – 21 November 2014
Long products market in the MENA region - Andrey Pupchenko, Arab Steel Summit...Andrey Pupchenko
The long products steel market in the MENA region will see moderate consumption growth of around 2.5 million tonnes in 2016. Oversupply is expected to increase as the region adds around 8 million tonnes of new production capacity. Competition will intensify as Chinese steel exports decline due to unprofitable margins, while Turkey's competitiveness depends on importing cheaper billets. Regional billet demand may rise by around 2.6 million tonnes to feed additional re-rolling capacity, though not all projects may be completed on schedule. Iron ore prices will be a key determinant of whether scrap prices find a bottom.
DRC is a leading country in the global supply chain of key minerals. The country is home to deposits of Copper, Lithium, Gold, Tantalum, Tin Tungsten, etc.
This document contains a mapping of the most relevant players in the DRC mining sector and their respective contribution to the economy.
This document summarizes a summit between South Africa and Italy on relations within the current geopolitical and economic scenario. It provides context on the global and socio-economic situations in both countries, including high unemployment and inequality in South Africa and slow recovery from recession in Italy. It also examines trade between the two countries, South Africa's export sectors and major trading partners, and opportunities to strengthen manufacturing and innovation through investment and developing an environment friendly to business and clusters.
The document proposes constructing the Shivee Ovoo Intermodal Terminal in Mongolia to address issues with the country's underdeveloped infrastructure and lack of supply chain solutions for its booming mining industry. The terminal would facilitate coal and mineral transportation and offer logistics services. It is estimated to cost $5.8 million, with 80% financed through long-term loans and a 16% internal rate of return. The terminal aims to capitalize on Mongolia's rapid resource-driven economic growth by improving transportation and meeting mining companies' logistics demands.
This document discusses plans for the Shivee Ovoo intermodal terminal project in Mongolia. It begins with background on Mongolia's mining-driven economic growth and potential as a coal exporter. It then discusses the current lack of transportation infrastructure and established supply chains as problems. The proposed solution is to construct an intermodal terminal to facilitate coal, mineral and goods transportation for mines. Analysis of demand, location, design concepts, costs, financing, and projected profits are provided. The terminal aims to capture 10% of Mongolia's planned increased coal exports and meet demand from new industries. Risk analysis suggests the investment would be financially feasible.
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2. 1. Moroccan Country/ Economic Fast Facts :
• Geographical Location: Morocco is located in North West region of Africa. The geographical location
of Morocco is very advantageous as it is in the middle of two worlds Europe and Africa.
• Population: 33.2 million.
• Capital: Rabat city.
• GDP per Capita: U.S. $3,900.
• Currency: Moroccan Dirham.
• Religion: Muslim
• Area: 710,850 square kilometers
• Language: Arabic, Berber, French.
• Industry: Phosphate rock mining and processing, food, leather goods, textiles and steel.
• Exports: Clothing, fish, inorganic chemicals, transistors, crude minerals, fertilizers.
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3. 1. Flat Steel Business General overview in Morocco :
1. Hot Rolled Flat Steel Products -HR:
HS Code 7208: Flat- Hot Rolled Steel products - width>/=600mm:
• Morocco's exports represent 0.02% of world exports for this product; its ranking in world exports is 61.
• Morocco's imports represent 0.12% of world imports for this product; its ranking in world imports is 84.
2. Cold Rolled Flat Steel Products -CR:
HS Code 7209: Flat- Cold Rolled steel product – width >/=600mm:
• Morocco's exports represent closed to 0% of world exports for this product, its ranking in world exports is 72.
• Morocco's imports represent 0.48% of world imports for this product; its ranking in world imports is 41.
3. Galvanized Flat steel Product GI:
A. HS Code 721049 : Flat-rolled steel coated product- width >/=600mm:
• Morocco's exports represent 0.02% of world exports for this product; its ranking in world exports is 57.
• Morocco's imports represent 0.23% of world imports for this product; its ranking in world imports is 55.
B. Product: 721230: Flat rolled steel coated product- width <600mm :
• Morocco's exports represent 0.07% of world exports for this product; its ranking in world exports is 40.
• Morocco's imports represent 0.19% of world imports for this product; its ranking in world imports is 55.
Page 3 of 23
4. 4. Pre-Painted Galvanized Flat steel Product GI:
A. Hs code 721070: Pre-Painted Galvanized Flat steel Product GI:
• Morocco's exports represent 0.31% of world exports for this product; its ranking in world exports is 26.
• Morocco's imports represent 0.18% of world imports for this product, its ranking in world imports is 85.
5. The Flat Steel Local Production in Morocco:
• The main only flat steel producer in Morocco is Maghreb Steel (MS).
• Maghreb Steel was fully owned by the Sekkat Family.
• Maghreb Steel employed approximately 1.500 employees.
• Maghreb Steel (MS) produce HRC, CRC, steel plate Products (Production in 2014 ) as the followings:
1) Steel making plant: 254.298 MTon/Year.
2) Steckel mill: 296.052 M Ton/Year.
3) Plate Mill: 40.211 MTon /Year.
4) Cold Rolling Mill: 192.813 MTon/Year.
• Maghreb Steel (MS) previously delivered to the Moroccan market with a market share close to 90% since 2010 -2012.
• Maghreb Steel (MS) is also exporting approximately 20% of its production to different countries.
• At end of 2014, the Moroccan foreign Trading Ministry has imposed Anti-dumping new measures for GI & PPGI products to
safe Maghreb Steel (MS) domestic production with rates 22 % & 25 % for each imported ton of the same product from
worldwide.
• These Anti-dumping new measures of GI & PPGI will decrease by 2% each year till be 16 % at 2018.
Page 4 of 23
5. 1. Cold Rolled Flat Steel Products Market Study in Morocco:
List of Supplying Markets of CR Imported Products in Morocco:
• Product: HS Code 7209-Flat-Cold Rolled production:
Exporters
Trade Indicators
Imported
value 2014
(USD
thousand)
Share in
Morocco's
imports (%)
Imported
quantity 2014
Quantity
unit
Imported
growth
in value
between
2010-
2014 (%,
p.a.)
Imported
growth
in
quantity
between
2010-
2014 (%,
p.a.)
Imported
growth in
value
between
2013-2014
(%, p.a.)
Ranking of
partner
countries in
world
exports
Share of
partner
countries in
world
exports (%)
Total export
growth in
value of
partner
countries
between
2010-2014
(%, p.a.)
World 93290 100 100343 Tons 83 78 30 100 -3
Spain 78431 84.1 85064 Tons 114 106 45 20 1.4 11
Italy 4332 4.6 4664 Tons 20 21 419 9 2.8 -4
United Kingdom 3205 3.4 2986 Tons 32 -43 14 1.9 4
Belgium 2815 3 3081 Tons 37 33 -71 4 6.5 -5
Turkey 2056 2.2 1916 Tons 29 160 68433 28 0.7 -7
France 1391 1.5 1841 Tons 64 97 219 17 1.6 -1
Netherlands 585 0.6 545 Tons -19 -23 -4 8 3.2 -3
Sweden 254 0.3 55 Tons 76 53 21 1 -10
China 96 0.1 71 Tons -27 2 15.4 8
Germany 82 0.1 72 Tons 7 6 -53 7 4 -4
Czech Republic 21 0 25 Tons 35 0.2 17
Portugal 21 0 23 Tons 7 40 46 0.1 27
Page 5 of 23
6. • HS Code 7209: Flat- Cold Rolled steel product – width >/=600mm:
• Imported Value USD & Supplying Countries Market Shares % in 2014:
Page 6 of 23
7. • Tariffs applied by Moroccan Government for the imported Cold Rolled Products from Egypt:
• HS Codes 7208 & 7209 HR & CR Flat steel Products:
• List of importing markets of CR exported products by Morocco in 2014:
• Product: HS Code 7209-Flat-Cold Rolled Steel Products:
Importers
Trade Indicators
Exported value
2014 (USD
thousand)
Share in
Morocco's
exports (%)
Exported
quantity
2014
Quantity
unit
Unit value
(USD/unit)
Exported
growth in
value
between
2010-2014
(%, p.a.)
Exported
growth in
quantity
between
2010-2014
(%, p.a.)
Exported
growth in
value
between
2013-2014 (%,
p.a.)
Ranking of
partner countries
in world imports
World 683 100 851 Tons 803 -44 -43 -91
Cuba 434 63.5 503 Tons 863 -47 105
Cameroon 131 19.2 154 Tons 851 -46 86
Guinea 43 6.3 53 Tons 811 143
Senegal 39 5.7 48 Tons 813 -61 -60 -96 88
Spain 36 5.3 92 Tons 391 -60 -63 17
France 1 0.1 0 Tons 9
Tariff regime
Applied tariff
(as reported)
Applied tariff
(converted)
Total ad valorem
equivalent tariff
MFN duties (Applied)
(Most-Favored Nation Tariffs)
2.50% 2.50% 2.50%
Preferential tariff for the League of Arab States 0% 0% 0%
Preferential tariff for AGADIR countries 0% 0% 0%
Preferential tariff for Egypt 0% 0% 0%
Page 7 of 23
8. 2. Galvanized Flat Steel Products Market Study in Morocco:
A. Galvanized Flat Steel Products Study ,>/=600mm wide:
• List of supplying markets of GI imported products by Morocco
• Product: 721049 Flat rolled coated with zinc,>/=600mm wide
Exporters
Trade Indicators
Tariff
(estimated)
applied by
Morocco (%)
Imported value
2014 (USD
thousand)
Share in Morocco's
imports (%)
Imported quantity
2014
Quantity
unit
Imported
growth in value
between 2010-
2014 (%, p.a.)
Imported growth in
quantity between
2010-2014 (%, p.a.)
Imported growth in
value between 2013-
2014 (%, p.a.)
Total export
growth in value
of partner
countries
between 2010-
2014 (%, p.a.)
World 53569 100 51621 Tons 53 47 174 3
Spain 25768 48.1 26213 Tons 49 44 198 -4 0
Italy 14509 27.1 13271 Tons 526 634 310 9 0
France 6959 13 6535 Tons 191 179 276 15 0
United Arab Emirates 3558 6.6 2983 Tons 4 132 29 0
Belgium 1454 2.7 1510 Tons 30 35 122 -6 0
Greece 1297 2.4 1088 Tons -5 0
Korea, Republic of 19 0 18 Tons 12 17.5
Portugal 3 0 3 Tons -98 -2 0
Page 8 of 23
9. • Tariffs applied by Moroccan Government for the imported GI Steel - Products from Egypt:
• Product: 721049 & 721230 for both Flat rolled coated Products
Partner Tariff regime
Applied tariff
(as reported)
Applied tariff
(converted)
Total ad valorem
equivalent tariff
Egypt
MFN duties (Applied)
(Most-Favored Nation Tariffs)
17.5% 17.5% 17.5%
Preferential tariff for the
League of Arab States
0 0 0
Preferential tariff for AGADIR
countries
0 0 0
Preferential tariff for Egypt 0 0 0
Page 9 of 23
10. • HS Code 721049 : Flat-rolled steel coated product- width >/=600mm:
Imported Value USD & Supplying Countries Market Shares % in 2014:
Page 10 of 23
11. • List of importing markets of GI-exported products by Morocco in 2014:
• HS Code 721049 : Flat-rolled steel coated product- width >/=600mm:
Importers
Trade Indicators
Exported
value
2014
(USD
thousand)
Share in
Morocco's
exports
(%)
Exported
quantity
2014
Quantity
unit
Unit value
(USD/unit)
Exported growth
in value
between 2010-
2014 (%, p.a.)
Exported growth in
quantity between
2010-2014 (%, p.a.)
Exported growth in value
between 2013-2014 (%,
p.a.)
World 4899 100 5496 Tons 891 -35 -35 -80
Cuba 1999 40.8 2054 Tons 973 63 -5
Algeria 759 15.5 931 Tons 815 0 3 102
Tunisia 647 13.2 817 Tons 792 -57 -9
Libya, State of 427 8.7 510 Tons 837 -23 -22 -96
Senegal 391 8 408 Tons 958 -14 -12 -38
Côte d'Ivoire 283 5.8 333 Tons 850 12 14 -59
Lebanon 194 4 212 Tons 915 -15 -13 78
Congo 115 2.3 103 Tons 1117 1 1 -32
Spain 42 0.9 89 Tons 472 -52 -48 -99
Portugal 41 0.8 40 Tons 1025 -59 -53
Page 11 of 23
12. • Exported Values USD of GI Steel Products by Morocco in 2014:
HS Code 721049: Flat-rolled steel coated product- width >/=600mm:
Page 12 of 23
13. B. Galvanized Flat Steel Products Study < 600 mm wide:
• List of supplying markets of GI imported products by Morocco
• Product: 721230: Flat rolled steel coated product- width <600mm :
Exporters
Trade Indicators
Tariff (estimated)
applied by Morocco
(%)
Imported value
2014 (USD
thousand)
Share in
Morocco's
imports (%)
Imported
quantity 2014
Quantity
unit
Imported growth
in value between
2010-2014 (%,
p.a.)
Imported
growth in
quantity
between 2010-
2014 (%, p.a.)
Imported
growth in value
between 2013-
2014 (%, p.a.)
World 3620 100 3127 Tons 79 84 -30
Italy 1388 38.3 1147 Tons 217 244 4 0
Spain 1179 32.6 986 Tons 89 94 -63 0
Portugal 816 22.5 821 Tons 71 89 48 0
Turkey 192 5.3 153 Tons 0
Sweden 34 0.9 14 Tons 0
France 6 0.2 2 Tons -6 -23 -91 0
Belgium 4 0.1 3 Tons -45 -47 -43 0
China 1 0 0 Tons 20.3
Page 13 of 23
14. • Product: 721230: Flat rolled GI- steel product- width <600mm :
Imported Value USD & Supplying Countries Market Shares % in 2014:
Page 14 of 23
15. • List of importing markets of GI-exported products by Morocco in 2014:
• Product: 721230: Flat rolled steel coated product- width <600mm :
Importers
Trade Indicators
Exported value 2014
(USD thousand)
Share in
Morocco's
exports (%)
Exported
quantity 2014
Quantity
unit
Exported growth
in value
between 2010-
2014 (%, p.a.)
Exported growth in
quantity between
2010-2014 (%, p.a.)
Exported growth in
value between
2013-2014 (%, p.a.)
World 1407 100 1665 Tons 17 21 -55
Algeria 1022 72.6 1205 Tons 1
France 214 15.2 237 Tons -8 -3 -88
Lebanon 101 7.2 119 Tons 7 8 -50
Portugal 33 2.3 30 Tons
Cuba 19 1.4 20 Tons -86
Spain 15 1.1 41 Tons
India 3 0.2 13 Tons
Page 15 of 23
16. • Exported Values USD of GI Steel Products by Morocco in 2014:
Product: 721230: Flat rolled steel coated product- width <600mm :
Page 16 of 23
17. 4. Pre-Painted Galvanized Flat Steel Products Market Study in Morocco:
• List of supplying markets of PPGI imported products by Morocco in 2014
• Product: 721070: Flat PPGI products:
Exporters
Trade Indicators
Tariff (estimated)
applied by Morocco
(%)
Imported
value 2014
(USD
thousand)
Share in
Morocco's
imports (%)
Imported
quantity 2014
Quantity
unit
Imported growth
in value between
2010-2014 (%,
p.a.)
Imported growth in
quantity between
2010-2014 (%, p.a.)
Imported growth in
value between 2013-
2014 (%, p.a.)
World 18598 100 11296 Tons 25 31 15
Hungary 7438 40 3368 Tons 10 7 19 0
Italy 4973 26.7 4061 Tons 39 63 520 0
Spain 4024 21.6 2494 Tons 79 80 -42 0
Turkey 841 4.5 596 Tons 0
France 728 3.9 323 Tons -17 -19 344 0
Netherlands 441 2.4 369 Tons 168 34 -75 0
China 82 0.4 49 Tons -20 -22 22 19.4
United Arab
Emirates
39 0.2 27 Tons 0
Tunisia 35 0.2 9 Tons -73 0
Page 17 of 23
18. • Imported Value USD & Supplying Countries Market Shares % in 2014:
Hs code 721070: Pre-Painted Galvanized Flat steel Product GI:
Page 18 of 23
19. • List of importing markets for the product exported by Morocco in 2014:
• Product: 721070: Flat PPGI products:
Importers
Trade Indicators
Exported value
2014 (USD
thousand)
Share in Morocco's
exports (%)
Exported
quantity
2014
Quantity
unit
Unit value
(USD/unit)
Exported growth in
value between
2010-2014 (%, p.a.)
Exported
growth in
quantity
between 2010-
2014 (%, p.a.)
Exported growth
in value between
2013-2014 (%,
p.a.)
World 37047 100 34682 Tons 1068 -2 1 -18
Algeria 17918 48.4 17109 Tons 1047 4 6 -27
Russian Federation 6858 18.5 6258 Tons 1096 -19 -16 53
Spain 3212 8.7 3211 Tons 1000 9 9 -34
Cuba 3057 8.3 2750 Tons 1112 128 7738
Portugal 2035 5.5 1849 Tons 1101 -23 -23 248
Côte d'Ivoire 834 2.3 651 Tons 1281 116 13 0
Angola 775 2.1 671 Tons 1155
Libya, State of 689 1.9 739 Tons 932 139 -2 -90
Lebanon 680 1.8 595 Tons 1143 -1 0 -14
Congo 521 1.4 417 Tons 1249 22
Senegal 208 0.6 196 Tons 1061 0 7 235
France 207 0.6 192 Tons 1078 25 -37 -57
Netherlands 53 0.1 43 Tons 1233
Page 19 of 23
20. • Exported Values USD of GI Steel Products by Morocco in 2014:
• Product: 721070: Flat PPGI products:
Page 20 of 23
21. • Tariffs applied by Moroccan Government for the imported PPGI Steel - Products from Egypt:
• Product: 721070: Flat PPGI products:
• Flat steel Products customers/End-users classifications in Morocco :
• There are more than 30 great Moroccan customers/End-users in flat steel industry who made the flat steel
trading actions in the last 4 years, they are classified as the followings:
• Welded Tubes Industry.
• Construction Industries.
• Electrical & Cables industries.
• Home appliances Industries.
• Steel Traders & Service Centers.
Partner Tariff regime
Applied tariff
(as reported)
Applied tariff
(converted)
Total ad valorem
equivalent tariff
Egypt
MFN duties (Applied)
(Most-Favored Nation
Tariffs)
25.00% 25.00% 25.00%
Preferential tariff for the
League of Arab States
0 0 0
Preferential tariff for
AGADIR countries
0 0 0
Preferential tariff for Egypt 0 0 0
Page 21 of 23
22. • Final Conclusion :
1) Moroccan Flat steel Market annual demands are so promising (They are approximately closed to 1Millon
Ton/year)
2) There are many potential customers (More than 30 Customers) in that market through many different industrial
sectors existing.
3) The imported growth rate for CR products quantity (between 2010 to 2014) is 47%.
4) The imported growth rate for GI-products quantity (>/=600mm wide) -between 2010 to 2014- is 53 %.1
5) The imported growth rate for GI-products quantity (width <600mm) -between 2010 to 2014- 83 %.
6) The imported growth rate for PPGI products quantity (between 2010 to 2014) is 31%.
7) The most strength exporting rate is PPGI Product, the exported growth rate for that Moroccan CR products
(between 2010 to 2014) is 1 % only.
8) The most weakness exporting rate of is CR Product, the exported growth rate for that company (between 2010 to
2014) is (- 43 %).
9) There are Anti-dumping new measures be imposed for GI & PPGI imported products with rates 22 % & 25 % for
each imported ton of the same product from worldwide.
Page 22 of 23
23. • Recommendations:
1) The main target is to open a new market for Kandil steel products in that booming country.
2) Therefore, we need to make flat steel prices study of the Moroccan domestic market.
3) This new market opening will be also possible even in case of those imposed MFN duties tariffs as Anti-
Dumping measures by Moroccan government -especially for GI & PPGI Products.(Because the market demands
are so increased and flat steel importing competition is so diverted between international steel suppliers there!)
4) Some steel construction companies (The Main Target End-users for us) are exempted of that MFN duties tariff
by special governmental decision in 2015 due to Maghreb Steel (The only national Producer) has some of the
same manufacturing activities of those customers like corrugated sheets production lines .etc. For instance,
société Métaux Profilage Isolation (MPI) Company in Casablanca city, Morocco. (www.mpiken.com).
5) Finally, we should also focus to increase our CR & Black annealed market shares in that market which are
already approximetly exampled of MFN duties tariff 2.5 % only.
Thank you
Page 23 of 23