The presentation was done as part of the course STAT 504 titled Quantitative Genetics in Second Semester of MSc. Agricultural Statistics at Agricultural College, Bapatla under ANGRAU, Andhra Pradesh
Power Point is deals with the different aspects of Quantitative genetics in plant breeding it converse Basic Principles of Biometrical Genetics, estimation of Variability, Correlation, Principal Component Analysis, Path analysis, Different Matting design and Stability so on
The presentation was done as part of the course STAT 504 titled Quantitative Genetics in Second Semester of MSc. Agricultural Statistics at Agricultural College, Bapatla under ANGRAU, Andhra Pradesh
Power Point is deals with the different aspects of Quantitative genetics in plant breeding it converse Basic Principles of Biometrical Genetics, estimation of Variability, Correlation, Principal Component Analysis, Path analysis, Different Matting design and Stability so on
Stability analysis and G*E interactions in plantsRachana Bagudam
Gene–environment interaction is when two different genotypes respond to environmental variation in different ways. Stability refers to the performance with respective to environmental factors overtime within given location. Selection for stability is not possible until a biometrical model with suitable parameters is available to provide criteria necessary to rank varieties / breeds for stability. Different models of stability are discussed.
Mating design is a schematic cross between the groups or strains of plants are made in a plant breeding that is common in agriculture and biological sciences
Analysis of variance in offspring plants results from a mating design
To evaluate the effects of additive, dominance ,and epistasis and heritability value equal to the value of genetic expectations
Marker assisted selection( mas) and its application in plant breedingHemantkumar Sonawane
Marker Types,Prerequisites for efficient marker-assisted breeding programmes,Advantages of MAS,Limitations of MAS ,Marker Assisted Breeding Schemes,• 1. Marker- assisted backcrossing,2. Marker- Assisted evaluation of breeding material,3 Gene pyramiding,4. Early generation selection ,Combined approaches,MAB: I level of Selection – FOREGROUND SELECTION,Second level of selection: Recombinant Selection,MAB: III Level of Selection BACKGROUND SELECTION,
Stability analysis and G*E interactions in plantsRachana Bagudam
Gene–environment interaction is when two different genotypes respond to environmental variation in different ways. Stability refers to the performance with respective to environmental factors overtime within given location. Selection for stability is not possible until a biometrical model with suitable parameters is available to provide criteria necessary to rank varieties / breeds for stability. Different models of stability are discussed.
Mating design is a schematic cross between the groups or strains of plants are made in a plant breeding that is common in agriculture and biological sciences
Analysis of variance in offspring plants results from a mating design
To evaluate the effects of additive, dominance ,and epistasis and heritability value equal to the value of genetic expectations
Marker assisted selection( mas) and its application in plant breedingHemantkumar Sonawane
Marker Types,Prerequisites for efficient marker-assisted breeding programmes,Advantages of MAS,Limitations of MAS ,Marker Assisted Breeding Schemes,• 1. Marker- assisted backcrossing,2. Marker- Assisted evaluation of breeding material,3 Gene pyramiding,4. Early generation selection ,Combined approaches,MAB: I level of Selection – FOREGROUND SELECTION,Second level of selection: Recombinant Selection,MAB: III Level of Selection BACKGROUND SELECTION,
SELECTION METHODS IN SELF-POLLINATED CROPS viz., mass selection, pureline sel...AMIT RANA Ph. D Scholar
MASS SELECTION
Mass selection is a method of breeding in which individual plants are selected on the basis of phenotype from a mixed population , their seeds are bulked and used to grow the next generation.
Selection cycle may be repeated one or more times to increase the frequency of favorable alleles - phenotypic recurrent selection.
PURELINE SELECTION
A pureline is the progeny of a single homozygous plant of a self-pollinated species. All the plants in a pureline have the same genotype and the phenotypic variation within a pureline is due to the environment alone and has no genetic basis. However, variation within a pureline is not heritable. Hence selection in a pureline is not effective. Johannsen (1903,1926), a Danish biologist, developed the concept of pureline theory working with Princess variety of French bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), which showed variation for seed size. From a commercial seed lot he selected seeds of different sizes and grew them separately. The progenies differed in seed size. Progenies from larger seeds produced larger seeds than those obtained from smaller seeds. This clearly showed that the variation in seed size in the commercial seed lot of princess variety had a genetic base. As a result selection for seed size was effective.
Introduction
PEDIGREE SELECTION
Pedigree selection is a widely used method of breeding self-pollinated species.
A key difference between pedigree selection and mass selection or pure-line selection is that hybridization is used to generate variability (for the base population), unlike the other methods in which production of genetic variation is not a feature.
The method was first described by H. H. Lowe in 1927.
Pedigree selection is a breeding method in which the breeder keeps records of the ancestry of the cultivar.
The base population is established by crossing selected parents, followed by handling an actively segregating population.
Documentation of the pedigree enables breeders to trace parent–progeny back to an individual F2 plant from any subsequent generation.
The breeder should develop an effective, easy to maintain system of record keeping.
Pedigree selection is applicable to breeding species that allow individual plants to be observed, described, and harvested separately.
Clone is the progeny of a single plant, produced by asexual reproduction
Clonal selection is the selection of the most desirable members of a clone for continued vegetative propagation rather than for sexual reproduction.
The members of a clone keep up genetic constancy.
So by clonal selection and continued vegetative propagation, the desirable qualities of plants can be maintained for long.
The concept and purpose of plant breeding in the modern environmentPaul Gooderham
The concept of plant breeding has been in use since centuries. It is practised across the world by commercial enterprises and government institutions. The increasing requirement of food security has made breeding new crops important.
Presentation on methods of plant breeding, classification of breeding methods, methods of breeding for self-pollinated,cross-pollinated and asexually propagated species, a brief account of breeding methods
Plant Genetic engineering ,Basic steps ,Advantages and disadvantagesTessaRaju
plant genetic engineering,first genetically engineered crop plant,first genetically engineered foods,genome editing,uses of GE,transgenic plants,basic process of plant genetic enginering,advantages and disadvantages of genetic engineering.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Statistical method suitable for the analysis of plant breeding
1. Statistical method suitable for the
analysis of plant breeding
Biotechnology
Presented by
Sumit Kumar Pradhan (26499220007)
Ruchisman Ghosh (26499220024)
M.Sc. Biotechnology; 1st Semester; Paper Code – MSBT 181
S.V.I.M.S.
2. Plant Breeding and its Objectives
Plant breeding is the purposeful manipulation of
qualities in plants to create new varieties with a set
of desired characteristics.
Plants with higher qualities are selected by and
crossed to obtain plants with desired quality. This
results in a plant population with improved and
desired traits.
Objective of Plant Breeding
To increase the crop yield.
To raise plants with desired characteristics.
To develop a disease-resistant crop.
To develop plants that can tolerate extreme environmental stress.
3. Types of Plant Breeding
Genetic Engineering : Genetic engineering helps in producing crops with desirable
traits by inserting the gene of interest within the crop DNA. Such crops are known
as genetically modified crops. E.g., Bt crops
Backcrossing : In this, a plant with desired traits is crossed with a plant that does
not have the desired traits but has several other traits.
Inbreeding : In this, self-fertilization occurs. The progeny produced is the same
generation after generation. This helps to preserve the original traits.
Hybrid Breeding : In this, two different breeds are crossed to produce the offspring
that is more productive than the parents.
Mutation Breeding : The mutations in plant genes result in new varieties. Mutations
can also be induced in plants by exposing them to chemicals and radiation.
4. Plant Breeding Steps
The plant breeding methods have undergone multiple amendments since it was
started from 9000 – 11000 years ago. The modern method of plant breeding is
carried out in the following steps -
Collection of Variability :
Variability forms the root of all breeding practices. The first step involves
the collection of plants or seeds for all possible alleles for all genes in a
given crop, which is known as germplasm. This collection even involves
wild varieties and relatives of the cultivated species.
Evaluation and Selection of Parent Plants :
The germplasm is evaluated for selection of parent plants with desired
characteristics. The combination of these characteristics is expected in
the hybrid progeny.
For example, a plant crop with high protein content can be selected to be
crossed with a plant with higher disease resistance.
5. Contd..
Cross-hybridization among Selected Parents
In the third step, the parents are cross-hybridized to develop pure lines of progenies.
This is a tedious and time-consuming practice carried out in the conventional fashion
of introducing pollen from one plant to the stigma of the other. Despite the labour
involved, only one or two progenies in a few hundred show the desired combination
of characteristics.
Selection and Testing of Superior Recombinants
The developed progenies are then evaluated and those with the desired combination
of characteristics are self-pollinated to attain homozygosity.
Testing, Release and Commercialization of New Cultivars
The new lines are grown in research fields where they are tested for their agronomic
traits of quality, yield, resistance to diseases, etc. This is followed by the cultivation of
these crops in farmers fields at different locations in the country which represent the
different agroclimatic zones. With successful results, the crops are released
commercially for public consumption
6. Experimental Designs
The choice of treatment, the method assigning treatments to experimental units and
arrangement of experimental units in various pattern to suit the requirements of
particular problems are commonly known as experimental design.
Randomized Block Designs
Completely Randomized Designs
Latin Square Designs
Randomized Complete Block Designs
Split Plot Designs
Augmented Design
Lattice Designs (Alpha Lattice Design)
Experimental design was developed by - Prof. R. A. Fisher in 1920.
Types Of Experimental Designs
It is the process of planning and study to meet a specific objectives.
7. Randomized Complete Block Design
This is one of the most commonly used designs in agricultural research, particularly in plant
breeding programs.
Its primary distinguishing feature is the presence of blocks (replications) of equal size, each
of which contains all the treatments.
The RCBD is the standard design for agricultural experiments where similar experimental
units are grouped into blocks or replicates.
Completely Randomized Design
8. Split Plot Design
THIS CAN BE DEFINED AS
A BELONGS TO B
LET ,
SPLIT PLOT DESIGN BE= A
RCBD=B
A € B