The document discusses policies and recommendations regarding different methods of fluoride use for preventing dental caries. It states that community water fluoridation is safe, cost-effective and should be introduced where feasible to reduce dental caries. It also supports salt fluoridation as an alternative where water fluoridation is not possible. The use of fluoride toothpaste is endorsed as the most widely used and effective preventive method, and efforts should be made to develop affordable fluoride toothpastes in developing countries.
This document discusses strategies for protecting children's oral health through the use of fluoride. It describes the three mechanisms by which fluoride prevents dental caries: enhancing remineralization, inhibiting demineralization, and reducing bacterial acid production. It outlines various systemic and topical sources of fluoride, including water, toothpaste, supplements, and varnishes. It provides recommendations on fluoride supplementation based on a child's caries risk and water fluoride levels. The goal of fluoride use is to maximize caries prevention while minimizing enamel fluorosis.
Topical and systemic fluorides including sodium fluoride, stannous fluoride and APF in detail. It comes as long question in BDS final year(CCS University)
History
Natural Sources Of Fluoride
Physiology and metabolism of fluoride
Fluoride in Dentistry
Control of dental caries
Fluoride toxicity
Dental fluorosis
Fluorosis indices
Water defluoridation
Conclusion
overview of flouride with detailed information on their pharmacological action, mechanism, uses and adverse effect for both medical and dental students.
Topical fluoride is applied directly to the teeth to help prevent cavities. There are many forms of topical fluoride including solutions like sodium fluoride and stannous fluoride, gels, varnishes, and toothpastes. They work by being incorporated into tooth enamel to form calcium fluoride or fluorapatite, making the enamel more resistant to demineralization. The appropriate method depends on factors like a patient's risk of cavities and age. When used as recommended, topical fluorides are very effective at caries prevention.
This document discusses fluorides in dentistry. It describes the sources of fluoride, mechanisms of how fluoride prevents tooth decay, and methods of fluoride delivery topically and systemically. It also addresses the indications for topical fluoride use, recommended dosages of fluoride tablets/drops, and potential toxicities like dental and skeletal fluorosis from inadequate or excessive fluoride intake. When used appropriately, fluoride is an effective cariostatic agent for improving dental health.
This document discusses strategies for protecting children's oral health through the use of fluoride. It describes the three mechanisms by which fluoride prevents dental caries: enhancing remineralization, inhibiting demineralization, and reducing bacterial acid production. It outlines various systemic and topical sources of fluoride, including water, toothpaste, supplements, and varnishes. It provides recommendations on fluoride supplementation based on a child's caries risk and water fluoride levels. The goal of fluoride use is to maximize caries prevention while minimizing enamel fluorosis.
Topical and systemic fluorides including sodium fluoride, stannous fluoride and APF in detail. It comes as long question in BDS final year(CCS University)
History
Natural Sources Of Fluoride
Physiology and metabolism of fluoride
Fluoride in Dentistry
Control of dental caries
Fluoride toxicity
Dental fluorosis
Fluorosis indices
Water defluoridation
Conclusion
overview of flouride with detailed information on their pharmacological action, mechanism, uses and adverse effect for both medical and dental students.
Topical fluoride is applied directly to the teeth to help prevent cavities. There are many forms of topical fluoride including solutions like sodium fluoride and stannous fluoride, gels, varnishes, and toothpastes. They work by being incorporated into tooth enamel to form calcium fluoride or fluorapatite, making the enamel more resistant to demineralization. The appropriate method depends on factors like a patient's risk of cavities and age. When used as recommended, topical fluorides are very effective at caries prevention.
This document discusses fluorides in dentistry. It describes the sources of fluoride, mechanisms of how fluoride prevents tooth decay, and methods of fluoride delivery topically and systemically. It also addresses the indications for topical fluoride use, recommended dosages of fluoride tablets/drops, and potential toxicities like dental and skeletal fluorosis from inadequate or excessive fluoride intake. When used appropriately, fluoride is an effective cariostatic agent for improving dental health.
The document discusses fluorides used in operative dentistry. It provides a history of fluoride research and use, starting from discoveries of fluorosis in the early 1900s to modern community water fluoridation programs. It also details various fluoride delivery systems including topical and systemic methods. Topical methods such as sodium fluoride, acidulated phosphate fluoride, stannous fluoride, and fluoride varnishes are described along with their mechanisms and application techniques. The document discusses the anticaries effects and recommendations for use of these fluorides.
Fluoride toxicity can occur from both acute and chronic fluoride exposure. Acute toxicity results from rapid ingestion of high amounts of fluoride and causes abdominal cramps, diarrhea, vomiting and increased salivation. Chronic exposure during tooth development can lead to dental fluorosis characterized by white opaque patches on teeth. Prolonged ingestion of very high amounts over many years can cause skeletal fluorosis with severe joint and bone pain. Treatment for acute toxicity involves inducing vomiting, giving calcium supplements, and fluid replacement. Reducing fluoride intake and defluoridation of water sources are important to prevent chronic toxicity.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Fluoride is a mineral found in nature that helps prevent cavities. It is present in small amounts in foods and drinks, and in higher amounts in seafood and tea leaves. The main sources of fluoride are drinking water, toothpaste, and professionally applied gels, foams, and rinses. Fluoride strengthens tooth enamel, enhances remineralization, alters the activity of plaque bacteria, and helps develop strong teeth. It can be delivered topically through products like toothpaste or professionally through gels, foams, varnishes, and rinses.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
1. Topical fluorides provide fluoride ions that are incorporated into dental enamel, enhancing remineralization and inhibiting demineralization.
2. Common topical fluoride treatments include varnishes, gels, foams, rinses, and mouthwashes. Fluoride varnish is the only topical treatment recommended for young children.
3. Newer treatments like silver diamine fluoride can arrest dental caries by killing bacteria, depositing a protective layer, and converting enamel to a more acid-resistant form. Slow-release fluoride devices provide long-term fluoride exposure without high serum levels.
This document discusses various topics related to fluoride and its role in preventing dental caries. It begins by explaining the mechanism of action of fluoride and how it can be incorporated into enamel. It then discusses different types of topical fluoride agents and techniques used in clinics, including professionally-applied and self-applied options. Sodium fluoride, stannous fluoride, and acidulated phosphate fluoride are some of the agents mentioned. The document provides details on concentrations and application procedures for various fluoride treatments. Advantages and disadvantages of different agents and techniques are also summarized.
Systemic fluoride was used as early as 1874 to prevent dental caries. Fluoride ions are absorbed in the gut and nearly all retained fluoride is incorporated into developing bones and teeth, making enamel crystals larger and more stable. This affects crown morphology by making pits and fissures shallower, less likely to cause decay. Systemic fluoride includes water fluoridation, supplements, and adding fluoride to salt, milk, mineral water and sugar. Topical fluoride is most important for preventing decay by inhibiting demineralization and promoting remineralization in the mouth. Excessive fluoride can cause dental and skeletal fluorosis.
This document discusses fluoride and its role in pediatric dentistry. It begins by outlining the mechanisms of action of fluoride, including both pre-eruptive and post-eruptive effects. The main caries preventive mechanisms are through post-eruptive or topical effects, where fluoride is incorporated during remineralization to make enamel less soluble. The document then discusses various methods of fluoride application in pediatric dentistry, including professionally-applied and self-applied topical fluoride treatments as well as silver diamine fluoride and systemic fluoride.
Fluorides are minerals that help strengthen tooth enamel and prevent cavities. Fluoride works by changing the crystalline structure of enamel to make it less soluble and by inhibiting cariogenic bacteria. It is incorporated into tooth mineral during development and remineralization to make the enamel less soluble. Sources of fluoride include drinking water, dental products like toothpaste and mouthwashes, and dietary supplements. Excessive fluoride intake can lead to dental or skeletal fluorosis. Maintaining proper nutrition supports oral health by promoting integrity of oral tissues, maintaining calcified tissues, and supporting the immune response.
This document discusses the role of fluoride in preventing dental caries and its potential toxicity. It outlines the goals of fluoride administration as preventing decay, arresting active decay, and remineralizing teeth. While fluoride strengthens enamel and makes it more resistant to acids, ingesting too much fluoride during enamel formation can lead to dental fluorosis. The probable toxic dose is 5mg of fluoride per kg of body weight, which for young children could be reached through toothpaste, mouthwashes, or topical treatments. Chronic high fluoride intake may also cause skeletal or tissue fluorosis. The critical period for fluorosis is during ages 0-6 years old, so intake should be limited to less than 0.1mg/kg body
This document provides an overview of fluorides and oral health in developed and developing countries. It discusses the historical evolution of fluoride and how it relates to reducing dental caries. Different methods of fluoride delivery are examined, including water fluoridation, salt fluoridation, and fluoridated toothpaste. The global scenarios of water fluoridation and excess fluoride in drinking water are also reviewed. The document evaluates the role of fluoride in dental caries prevention, remineralization, periodontal health, and orthodontic anomalies. Both community-based and professionally applied topical fluoride are discussed in relation to developed and developing countries.
This randomized controlled trial evaluated the efficacy of fluoride varnish in preventing early childhood caries. 376 young children were randomized to receive parental counseling plus fluoride varnish twice per year, once per year, or counseling only. Fluoride varnish reduced caries incidence, with greater reductions seen with more frequent applications. While some children were lost to follow up, the study was otherwise well-designed and valid for assessing the outcome of interest.
Topical fluorides for home use, Professionally applied fluoride products, Planning a preventive programmes in the practice, Dental fluorosis, Fluoride toxicity,
This document discusses the historical evolution and use of fluorides for dental caries prevention. It begins with early discoveries of fluoride in enamel in 1805 and the isolation of fluorine as an element in 1771. It then covers fluoride chemistry, sources of fluoride intake from water, food, beverages and air. The document discusses fluoride metabolism, distribution in tissues, and excretion. It also addresses water fluoridation, which began in 1945 in Grand Rapids, USA and defines water fluoridation as the controlled adjustment of fluoride in communal water to maximize caries prevention with minimal fluorosis risk.
The document discusses the mechanism of action of fluorides in preventing dental caries. It begins by providing background on fluorine and the structure of hydroxyapatite in enamel. It then discusses how fluoride is incorporated into enamel through different "pools" in the oral environment. The main proposed mechanisms of fluoride include increasing enamel resistance through formation of fluorapatite, enhancing remineralization, and interfering with plaque bacteria. Understanding fluoride's various modes of action helps develop more effective prevention products and programs.
This document summarizes a study comparing oral health outcomes between users of miswak (tooth cleaning sticks) and modern toothbrushes. The study examined adult Sudanese participants clinically and microbiologically. Results showed lower rates of tooth decay in miswak users compared to toothbrush users, with no significant differences in periodontal measures except less calculus buildup in miswak users. Miswak extracts were found to contain antimicrobial components like chloride and sulfate ions. The findings provide evidence that regular miswak use may promote better oral health and lower levels of oral pathogens than regular toothbrush use alone.
- Miswak is a chewing stick from the Salvadora persica plant that has been used traditionally in oral healthcare for over 1000 years in places like India, Africa, and the Arab world.
- Research has found Miswak contains 19 natural substances that are beneficial for dental health like antibacterial compounds, silica for whitening teeth, and resin that protects tooth enamel.
- Studies show Miswak extract destroys harmful bacteria in the mouth that cause issues like gum disease and tooth decay, making it an effective ingredient in oral care products like toothpaste.
This document discusses various treatment modalities in dentistry including fluoride utilization. It emphasizes that dental caries is an infectious disease that is reversible if treated early, often with fluoride. Fluoride is presented as both a preventative treatment and necessary treatment for dental caries. The document recommends professionally-applied fluoride varnish every 3-6 months according to ADA guidelines and notes the importance of patient education regarding their individual risk factors and benefits of fluoride therapy.
1. Fluoride has been used extensively to prevent dental caries since the early 1900s. Both systemic and topical fluoride administration are effective ways to reduce caries risk.
2. Current recommendations include community water fluoridation at 0.7 ppm, fluoride toothpaste in rice-sized amounts for young children, and professionally applied topical fluoride treatments every 3-6 months for those at high risk.
3. New advancements like silver diamine fluoride show promise in arresting cavitated caries lesions and may provide an alternative to conventional restorative techniques.
Fluoride plays an important role in dental health by strengthening tooth enamel and preventing cavities. It is found naturally in water, soil, and plants. Adding fluoride to water reduces tooth decay risk. Fluoride is also available in toothpaste, mouthwash, supplements, and professionally applied gels and varnishes. The document discusses the mechanisms by which fluoride prevents cavities, including affecting bacteria, increasing enamel resistance, and enhancing remineralization. It provides recommendations for fluoride intake from various sources based on age, including using only a smear of toothpaste under age 3 and a pea-sized amount for older children.
The document discusses fluorides used in operative dentistry. It provides a history of fluoride research and use, starting from discoveries of fluorosis in the early 1900s to modern community water fluoridation programs. It also details various fluoride delivery systems including topical and systemic methods. Topical methods such as sodium fluoride, acidulated phosphate fluoride, stannous fluoride, and fluoride varnishes are described along with their mechanisms and application techniques. The document discusses the anticaries effects and recommendations for use of these fluorides.
Fluoride toxicity can occur from both acute and chronic fluoride exposure. Acute toxicity results from rapid ingestion of high amounts of fluoride and causes abdominal cramps, diarrhea, vomiting and increased salivation. Chronic exposure during tooth development can lead to dental fluorosis characterized by white opaque patches on teeth. Prolonged ingestion of very high amounts over many years can cause skeletal fluorosis with severe joint and bone pain. Treatment for acute toxicity involves inducing vomiting, giving calcium supplements, and fluid replacement. Reducing fluoride intake and defluoridation of water sources are important to prevent chronic toxicity.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Fluoride is a mineral found in nature that helps prevent cavities. It is present in small amounts in foods and drinks, and in higher amounts in seafood and tea leaves. The main sources of fluoride are drinking water, toothpaste, and professionally applied gels, foams, and rinses. Fluoride strengthens tooth enamel, enhances remineralization, alters the activity of plaque bacteria, and helps develop strong teeth. It can be delivered topically through products like toothpaste or professionally through gels, foams, varnishes, and rinses.
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and
offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
1. Topical fluorides provide fluoride ions that are incorporated into dental enamel, enhancing remineralization and inhibiting demineralization.
2. Common topical fluoride treatments include varnishes, gels, foams, rinses, and mouthwashes. Fluoride varnish is the only topical treatment recommended for young children.
3. Newer treatments like silver diamine fluoride can arrest dental caries by killing bacteria, depositing a protective layer, and converting enamel to a more acid-resistant form. Slow-release fluoride devices provide long-term fluoride exposure without high serum levels.
This document discusses various topics related to fluoride and its role in preventing dental caries. It begins by explaining the mechanism of action of fluoride and how it can be incorporated into enamel. It then discusses different types of topical fluoride agents and techniques used in clinics, including professionally-applied and self-applied options. Sodium fluoride, stannous fluoride, and acidulated phosphate fluoride are some of the agents mentioned. The document provides details on concentrations and application procedures for various fluoride treatments. Advantages and disadvantages of different agents and techniques are also summarized.
Systemic fluoride was used as early as 1874 to prevent dental caries. Fluoride ions are absorbed in the gut and nearly all retained fluoride is incorporated into developing bones and teeth, making enamel crystals larger and more stable. This affects crown morphology by making pits and fissures shallower, less likely to cause decay. Systemic fluoride includes water fluoridation, supplements, and adding fluoride to salt, milk, mineral water and sugar. Topical fluoride is most important for preventing decay by inhibiting demineralization and promoting remineralization in the mouth. Excessive fluoride can cause dental and skeletal fluorosis.
This document discusses fluoride and its role in pediatric dentistry. It begins by outlining the mechanisms of action of fluoride, including both pre-eruptive and post-eruptive effects. The main caries preventive mechanisms are through post-eruptive or topical effects, where fluoride is incorporated during remineralization to make enamel less soluble. The document then discusses various methods of fluoride application in pediatric dentistry, including professionally-applied and self-applied topical fluoride treatments as well as silver diamine fluoride and systemic fluoride.
Fluorides are minerals that help strengthen tooth enamel and prevent cavities. Fluoride works by changing the crystalline structure of enamel to make it less soluble and by inhibiting cariogenic bacteria. It is incorporated into tooth mineral during development and remineralization to make the enamel less soluble. Sources of fluoride include drinking water, dental products like toothpaste and mouthwashes, and dietary supplements. Excessive fluoride intake can lead to dental or skeletal fluorosis. Maintaining proper nutrition supports oral health by promoting integrity of oral tissues, maintaining calcified tissues, and supporting the immune response.
This document discusses the role of fluoride in preventing dental caries and its potential toxicity. It outlines the goals of fluoride administration as preventing decay, arresting active decay, and remineralizing teeth. While fluoride strengthens enamel and makes it more resistant to acids, ingesting too much fluoride during enamel formation can lead to dental fluorosis. The probable toxic dose is 5mg of fluoride per kg of body weight, which for young children could be reached through toothpaste, mouthwashes, or topical treatments. Chronic high fluoride intake may also cause skeletal or tissue fluorosis. The critical period for fluorosis is during ages 0-6 years old, so intake should be limited to less than 0.1mg/kg body
This document provides an overview of fluorides and oral health in developed and developing countries. It discusses the historical evolution of fluoride and how it relates to reducing dental caries. Different methods of fluoride delivery are examined, including water fluoridation, salt fluoridation, and fluoridated toothpaste. The global scenarios of water fluoridation and excess fluoride in drinking water are also reviewed. The document evaluates the role of fluoride in dental caries prevention, remineralization, periodontal health, and orthodontic anomalies. Both community-based and professionally applied topical fluoride are discussed in relation to developed and developing countries.
This randomized controlled trial evaluated the efficacy of fluoride varnish in preventing early childhood caries. 376 young children were randomized to receive parental counseling plus fluoride varnish twice per year, once per year, or counseling only. Fluoride varnish reduced caries incidence, with greater reductions seen with more frequent applications. While some children were lost to follow up, the study was otherwise well-designed and valid for assessing the outcome of interest.
Topical fluorides for home use, Professionally applied fluoride products, Planning a preventive programmes in the practice, Dental fluorosis, Fluoride toxicity,
This document discusses the historical evolution and use of fluorides for dental caries prevention. It begins with early discoveries of fluoride in enamel in 1805 and the isolation of fluorine as an element in 1771. It then covers fluoride chemistry, sources of fluoride intake from water, food, beverages and air. The document discusses fluoride metabolism, distribution in tissues, and excretion. It also addresses water fluoridation, which began in 1945 in Grand Rapids, USA and defines water fluoridation as the controlled adjustment of fluoride in communal water to maximize caries prevention with minimal fluorosis risk.
The document discusses the mechanism of action of fluorides in preventing dental caries. It begins by providing background on fluorine and the structure of hydroxyapatite in enamel. It then discusses how fluoride is incorporated into enamel through different "pools" in the oral environment. The main proposed mechanisms of fluoride include increasing enamel resistance through formation of fluorapatite, enhancing remineralization, and interfering with plaque bacteria. Understanding fluoride's various modes of action helps develop more effective prevention products and programs.
This document summarizes a study comparing oral health outcomes between users of miswak (tooth cleaning sticks) and modern toothbrushes. The study examined adult Sudanese participants clinically and microbiologically. Results showed lower rates of tooth decay in miswak users compared to toothbrush users, with no significant differences in periodontal measures except less calculus buildup in miswak users. Miswak extracts were found to contain antimicrobial components like chloride and sulfate ions. The findings provide evidence that regular miswak use may promote better oral health and lower levels of oral pathogens than regular toothbrush use alone.
- Miswak is a chewing stick from the Salvadora persica plant that has been used traditionally in oral healthcare for over 1000 years in places like India, Africa, and the Arab world.
- Research has found Miswak contains 19 natural substances that are beneficial for dental health like antibacterial compounds, silica for whitening teeth, and resin that protects tooth enamel.
- Studies show Miswak extract destroys harmful bacteria in the mouth that cause issues like gum disease and tooth decay, making it an effective ingredient in oral care products like toothpaste.
This document discusses various treatment modalities in dentistry including fluoride utilization. It emphasizes that dental caries is an infectious disease that is reversible if treated early, often with fluoride. Fluoride is presented as both a preventative treatment and necessary treatment for dental caries. The document recommends professionally-applied fluoride varnish every 3-6 months according to ADA guidelines and notes the importance of patient education regarding their individual risk factors and benefits of fluoride therapy.
1. Fluoride has been used extensively to prevent dental caries since the early 1900s. Both systemic and topical fluoride administration are effective ways to reduce caries risk.
2. Current recommendations include community water fluoridation at 0.7 ppm, fluoride toothpaste in rice-sized amounts for young children, and professionally applied topical fluoride treatments every 3-6 months for those at high risk.
3. New advancements like silver diamine fluoride show promise in arresting cavitated caries lesions and may provide an alternative to conventional restorative techniques.
Fluoride plays an important role in dental health by strengthening tooth enamel and preventing cavities. It is found naturally in water, soil, and plants. Adding fluoride to water reduces tooth decay risk. Fluoride is also available in toothpaste, mouthwash, supplements, and professionally applied gels and varnishes. The document discusses the mechanisms by which fluoride prevents cavities, including affecting bacteria, increasing enamel resistance, and enhancing remineralization. It provides recommendations for fluoride intake from various sources based on age, including using only a smear of toothpaste under age 3 and a pea-sized amount for older children.
This document discusses various methods of fluoride delivery for dental caries prevention. It describes topical fluoride delivery methods including toothpastes, mouthwashes, varnishes and professionally applied gels and foams. It also discusses systemic fluoride delivery through community water fluoridation, salt fluoridation, milk fluoridation and fluoride tablets. The document outlines the advantages and disadvantages of different fluoride compounds and delivery methods. It also discusses the potential toxicity of excessive fluoride intake and prevalence of dental fluorosis in India.
learning objectives
Introduction
History Of Water Fluoridation
How Does Fluoride Act In Dental Caries Prevention?
Goals Of F Administration
Fluoride Administration
Appropriate Levels Of Fluoride in Drinking Water
Methods of water fluoridation
--------------------------------------------------------------------
Efficacy Of topical fluorides
Range Of therapeutic fluoride concentrations used to prevent caries
Recommended doses
This document discusses topical fluoride delivery methods for preventing dental caries. It begins by introducing different types of topical fluorides including professionally-applied options like sodium fluoride, stannous fluoride, and acidulated phosphate fluoride as well as self-applied options like dentifrices and mouthwashes. It then covers the preparation, application procedures, mechanisms of action, advantages, and disadvantages of each professionally-applied fluoride type. The document concludes by comparing the characteristics of the different professionally-applied fluoride options and providing recommendations for topical fluoride application.
The document discusses fluoride in preventive dentistry. It provides information on the following:
- Fluoride content in the environment including soil, water, and atmosphere.
- Types of systemic and topical fluoride therapies including water fluoridation, supplements, and professionally-applied varnishes, gels, and foams.
- Details on commonly used topical fluoride agents like sodium fluoride, stannous fluoride, acidulated phosphate fluoride, and fluoride varnishes.
Fluoride helps prevent tooth decay through several mechanisms. It inhibits demineralization, promotes remineralization, alters the action of plaque bacteria, and improves enamel crystallinity and reduces solubility. Both pre-eruptive and post-eruptive exposure to fluoride provides caries prevention benefits, with maximal effects seen from high exposure both before and after tooth eruption. Community water fluoridation was first introduced in the 1940s and has been shown to reduce tooth decay rates by 40-59% in both primary and permanent teeth.
The document discusses several theories on how fluoride reduces dental caries. The pre-eruptive theory states that fluoride taken during tooth formation can change tooth composition and morphology by replacing hydroxyl groups in tooth enamel with fluoride. The post-eruptive theory explains that fluoride in saliva and plaque reacts with tooth enamel to enhance remineralization and form calcium fluoride or fluorapatite crystals. Topically applied fluoride at high concentrations can also interfere with bacterial growth and metabolism. Fluoride reduces caries by increasing enamel resistance, promoting remineralization of early lesions, and interfering with cariogenic plaque bacteria.
- For a 4 year old child at low risk of caries, the guidelines recommend applying fluoride varnish to their teeth two times per year.
- For a 4 year old child at high risk of caries, the guidelines recommend applying fluoride varnish to their teeth two or more times per year.
- Topical fluoride in the form of varnish or gel is supported by the strongest evidence for caries prevention in primary teeth. Application frequency depends on the child's caries risk level.
This document discusses a preventive dentistry program focused on fluoride and fissure sealants presented by Heidi Emmerling. It covers the goals of fluoride administration, recommended fluoride levels in water, potential toxicity of fluoride ingestion, emergency treatment, topical fluoride applications, and fissure sealant indications and limitations. The goals are to prevent decay, arrest active decay, and remineralize teeth using optimal fluoride levels tailored to climate. Potential fluoride toxicity and treatments are also outlined.
This document discusses various methods of delivering fluorides, including topical and systemic fluorides. It focuses on topical fluoride delivery methods. Topical fluorides are divided into professionally-applied and self-applied products. Professionally-applied products include neutral sodium fluoride, acidulated phosphate fluoride, and stannous fluoride solutions. Self-applied products include fluoride dentifrices, gels, and rinses. The document provides details on the preparation, application procedures, mechanisms of action, advantages, and disadvantages of each topical fluoride product type. It recommends amounts and methods for safe and effective professional application of topical fluorides.
This document discusses different methods for delivering fluorides, including topical and systemic methods. It focuses on topical fluoride delivery methods which are applied directly to teeth. Topical fluorides can be divided into professionally applied and self-applied products. Professionally applied products contain higher fluoride concentrations and include neutral sodium fluoride, acidulated phosphate fluoride, and stannous fluoride solutions, gels, pastes, and varnishes. Application techniques for professionals include the paint on and tray methods. Stannous fluoride and sodium fluoride are discussed in more detail regarding their preparation, mechanisms of action, advantages, and application procedures. Repeated topical fluoride treatments over time help strengthen tooth enamel and reduce the risk of dental caries.
This document provides information about fluorine and its compounds. It discusses the properties of hydrogen fluoride, sodium fluoride, and fluorosilicic acid. It describes the major uses of inorganic fluorine compounds in industry and for municipal water fluoridation. The document also discusses how fluoride prevents dental caries by enhancing remineralization and inhibiting demineralization of tooth enamel. It provides facts about water fluoridation in the United States.
The document summarizes the launch of the Smile4Life program, which aims to improve children's oral health in Lancashire, UK. It provides an agenda for the launch event, including presentations from local officials and dental experts on topics like the program background, implementation, and evaluation. The launch event aims to share information on the program and gain support for its goal of reducing tooth decay in children through focus on diet, brushing habits, and accessing dental care.
This document provides information on the prevention of dental caries through the use of fluoride. It discusses that fluoride can be used systemically by ingesting it or topically by direct application. Fluoride works to prevent dental caries by strengthening enamel, inhibiting bacteria, and enhancing remineralization. Sources of fluoride include water, foods, dental products, and professional treatments. Both optimal levels and methods of delivery are covered.
Water fluoridation involves adding fluoride to public water supplies to reduce tooth decay. It is the most effective public health measure for the prevention of cavities, reducing decay by 20-40%. While it benefits all consumers regardless of socioeconomic status, it aims to help those most at risk. Alternatives to water fluoridation include fluoride toothpaste and other topical treatments, though none are as widespread or cost-effective. Debate continues around potential adverse effects, though major health organizations still support fluoridation as safe and effective.
Preventive Strategies of White Spot LesionsKamala DN
White spot lesions usually develop around orthodontic brackets and bands due to poor oral hygiene. These lesions are preventable
by educating and motivating the patient to practice good oral
hygiene, oral prophylaxis and advising fluoride containing
products during fixed orthodontic therapy. Amflor toothpaste and mouthwash is used to prevent white spots and cavities during fixed orthodontic .
Fluoride toxixity and anti fluoridation lobbyDr. Bijivin Raj
The document discusses multiple fluoride therapy and its effectiveness in reducing dental caries. It provides evidence from several clinical studies that found caries reduction rates ranging from 55% to 64% with multiple fluoride therapies involving topical treatments, fluoride toothpaste, and water fluoridation. The document also covers fluoride toxicity, noting toxic and lethal doses in humans. It describes fluoride's mechanisms of toxicity in various organ systems and potential antidotes for fluoride poisoning.
This document provides an overview of topical fluorides. It defines topical fluorides as fluoride treatments that provide local reaction on tooth surfaces. It discusses various professionally applied fluorides like sodium fluoride, stannous fluoride, acidulated phosphate fluoride and their mechanisms and application techniques. It also covers self applied fluorides like toothpastes, mouthwashes, gels and varnishes. The document compares different professionally applied fluorides and discusses various intraoral delivery methods of fluoride.
Toothfriendly turkey 2018 first semester activity reportDiş Dostu Derneği
The document provides an activity report for the first semester of 2018 for Toothfriendly Turkey. It summarizes distributing dental journals to dentists and companies with Bego as the main sponsor. It notes new flavors for Toothfriendly approved Falım products and Ülker launching a new Toothfriendly labeled product. It discusses upcoming Toothfriendly public spots on TV, a renewed website and blog for toothfriendly articles, participation in a dental fair to promote products and projects, increasing social media presence on Facebook, Instagram and YouTube, and a campaign reaching over 10,000 children in primary schools across Turkey.
Di̇ş Dostu Turkey, Toothfriendly Turkey 2016 activity reportDiş Dostu Derneği
Toothfriendly Turkey distributed four new editions of their journal to dental offices and companies in 2016. They also invited 20 bloggers to one of their clinics to educate them about preventive dentistry. Toothfriendly Turkey participated in an international dentistry congress in October where they informed dentist visitors at their booth. Their press releases were published in mother and child journals and they educated 42 dental assistants and over 10,000 primary school students about dental care through various programs. Additionally, they organized a social campaign called "Little Toothfriends Activity" across three Turkish cities where they educated 1,800 children to be toothfriendly and distributed dental hygiene materials.
Diş Dostu - Toothfriendly is a social idea which carries a creative idea in itself as this idea tries to overcome a very widespread health proble, i.e. dental care
Di̇ş Dostu Derneği̇ Turkey Report Clippings March April-May 2016 Diş Dostu Derneği
Toothfriendly International affiliate in Turkey communicates with the population via media. The topics are various which the association tries to give to the public. Our main topics are "toothfriendly nutrition" , "balanced diet for pregnant women", "Toothfriendly Clinics acrredited for hygiene and preventive dentistry" and so on.
This document is a press clipping report from Toothfriendly International Turkey for the month of March 2015. It lists the names of 14 different publications, their dates of issue which were all March 1st, 2015, and their circulations. The publications included food, women's health, lifestyle, and parenting magazines. The report provides a summary of press coverage on oral health and toothfriendly issues that appeared in Turkish magazines during that month.
The Diş Dostu Derneği (Toothfriendly Association) held dental assistant training programs in Istanbul and Izmir in 2014 that reached 65 assistants. The association also participated in several conferences on dental health and aesthetics. The Dişler Yolunda (Teeth on Track) project provided oral health education to approximately 15,000 children since 2005. The Diş Dostu magazine was distributed quarterly to dentists and partner companies. Two new clinics in Istanbul and one in Izmir joined the Diş Dostu Onaylı Klinik (Approved Clinic) project. Presentations about the association were made at dental faculties. The association continued sharing oral health information and announcements for dent
In 2012, the Diş Dostu Türkiye association organized 11 seminars for dentists and dental assistants with approximately 30 participants each. They continued their "Every Teeth is Allright" project with 477 children, 150 of whom received certificates. Since 2005, the project has educated over 1,000,000 children in schools across Turkey. The association also publishes a dental journal every 3 months with a circulation of 5,000 copies and has over 2,700 Facebook followers and a Google-friendly webpage to promote accredited "Excellent Dentist - Diş Dostu" clinics.
1. Statements on Fluorides and Fluoridation to Prevent Dental Caries
Prepared by CJH 210104
1. General statements on fluoride use
• The FDI recognises the need for an adequate intake of fluoride to ensure proper growth and
development of all tissues and to minimise, or prevent, dental caries.
FDI Policy Statement on Fluoride and Fluoridation for the Control of Dental Caries, FDI Dental World –
May/June 1993
2. Statements on fluoridation of water supplies to reduce dental caries
• Community water fluoridation is safe and cost-effective and should be introduced
and maintained wherever it is socially acceptable and feasible. The optimum water
fluoride concentration will normally be within the range 0.5-1.0 mg /1.
Fluorides and Oral Health, Report of a WHO Expert Committee on Oral Health Status and Fluoride
Use, WHO, Geneva 1994.
• The FDI recognises and endorses fluoridation of community water supplies as a safe and
effective public health measure to prevent dental caries.
• The FDI endorses fluoridation of reticulated drinking water as a sound public health measure
to reduce the prevalence of dental caries and further, recognises community water fluoridation as
a primary public health measure which is presently the foundation for all other measures and
procedures to prevent dental caries.
• The FDI recommends that where there has been a substantial reduction in the
prevalence of dental caries fluoridation should be continued in order to maintain the caries
reduction.
• The FDI recognises that in some localities in developing countries, natural water supplies may
contain excessive amounts of fluoride and it may be desirable to reduce the fluoride concentration
FDI Policy Statement on Fluoride and Fluoridation for the Control of Dental Caries, FDI Dental World – May/June
1993
• The International Association for Dental Research (IADR), considering that dental
caries (tooth decay) ranks among the most prevalent chronic diseases worldwide; and
recognizing that the consequences of tooth decay include pain, suffering, infection, tooth
loss, and the subsequent need for costly restorative treatment; and taking into account that
over 50 years of research have clearly demonstrated its efficacy and safety; and noting
that numerous national and international health-related organizations endorse fluoridation
of water supplies; fully endorses and strongly recommends the practice of water
fluoridation for improving the oral health of nations.
IADR Policy Statements (adopted 1979, updated 1999)
2. 3. Statements on Salt fluoridation
• Salt fluoridation at a minimum concentration of 200 mg F -/kg, should be considered as a
practical alternative to water fluoridation.
Fluorides and Oral Health, Report of a WHO Expert Committee on Oral Health Status and Fluoride Use,
WHO, Geneva 1994.
• The FDI regards salt fluoridation only as an alternative where water fluoridation is not
possible.
FDI Policy Statement on Fluoride and Fluoridation for the Control of Dental Caries, FDI Dental World –
May/June 1993
4. Statements on Milk Fluoridation
• Encouraging results have been reported with milk fluoridation but more studies are
recommended.
Fluorides and Oral Health, Report of a WHO Expert Committee on Oral Health Status and Fluoride Use,
WHO, Geneva 1994.
• The FDI recognises that encouraging results in reduction of dental caries has been
achieved with milk fluoridation. Only a small number of studies have been reported and the
FDI believes that, although the method is promising, further studies are required.
FDI Policy Statement on Fluoride and Fluoridation for the Control of Dental Caries, FDI Dental World –
May/June 1993
5. Statements on Fluoride Toothpaste
• Because fluoridated toothpaste is a highly effective means of caries control,
every effort must be made to develop affordable fluoridated toothpastes for use in
developing countries. The use of fluoride toothpastes being a public health measure,
it would be in the interest of countries to exempt them from the duties and taxation
applied to cosmetics.
• Fluoridated-toothpaste tubes should carry advice that, for children under 6 years of
age. brushing should be supervised and only a very small amount (less than 5 mm) should
be placed on the brush or chewing-stick. The caries-preventive effectiveness of
toothpastes with lower levels of fluoride, manufactured especially for use by children,
should be fully studied.
• Fluoridated toothpastes with candy-like flavours and toothpastes containing
fluoride at a concentration of 1500 ppm or more are not recommended for use by
children under 6 years of age.
Fluorides and Oral Health, Report of a WHO Expert Committee on Oral Health Status and Fluoride
Use, WHO, Geneva 1994.
• The group encourages manufacturers of fluoride toothpastes to provide adequate
technical knowledge and support for local production of effective fluoride
toothpastes in developing countries to achieve maximum availability to the public.
3. • The group recommends that toothbrushing with effective fluoride toothpastes be
included as an integral component of public health programmes to improve oral health.
Clinical effectiveness of some fluoride-containing toothpastes. A Group of Experts. Bulletin of the
World Health Organization, 1982 60 (4):633-638
• The FDI recognises that use of a toothpaste containing fluoride is an effective measure to
reduce dental caries and endorses the use of fluoride-containing toothpastes.
• The concentration of fluoride in toothpaste as sodium fluoride, sodium monofluorophosphate,
stannous fluoride or amine fluorides, should be regulated by national regulatory authorities.
• Depending an factors which vary geographically and nationally the FDI recognises that a
concentration of available fluoride with between 1000 and 1450 parts per million is safe and
effective fluoride concentration in toothpaste
• The FDI also recognises that the use of other discretionary fluoride, toothpastes and topical
fluoride applications augment the anti-caries effect of systemic fluorides.
FDI Policy Statement on Fluoride and Fluoridation for the Control of Dental Caries, FDI Dental World – May/June
1993
6. Statements on Fluoride Supplements
• Fluoride tablets and drops have limited application as a public health measure. In
areas with medium to low caries prevalence a conservative prescribing policy should
be adopted: a dose of 0.5 mg F -/day should be prescribed for individuals at risk
from the age of 3 years. In areas with high caries prevalence, a dosage regimen
should be used, starting at 6 months of age, that takes into account the fluoride
content of the drinking-water.
Fluorides and Oral Health, Report of a WHO Expert Committee on Oral Health Status and Fluoride
Use, WHO, Geneva 1994.
• Where fluoridation of public water supplied is not possible the FDI recognises that
daily fluoride supplements, administered in drops or tablets, can provide effective
protection from dental caries.
• While the FDI does not endorse the use of pre-natal fluoride supplements it
recognises that, if such supplements are used, they will not harm either mother or
unborn child.
FDI Policy Statement on Fluoride and Fluoridation for the Control of Dental Caries, FDI Dental World – May/June
1993
• The International Association for Dental Research (AADR), realizing that dental caries
(tooth decay) ranks among the most prevalent chronic diseases world-wide; and
recognizing that the consequences of tooth decay include pain, infection, tooth loss, the
subsequent need for costly restorative treatment, and absence from work and school;
4. and recognizing that, while fluoridation of water supplies is the most effective and least
expensive measure to prevent tooth decay, large numbers of people do not currently
have access to the benefits of community fluoridation; and, taking into account that
over 20 years of research have clearly demonstrated the safety and efficacy of dietary
fluoride supplements; now, therefore, 1. Strongly recommends use of dietary fluoride
supplements in areas where optimal fluoridation of water supplies is not available, and, 2.
Urges researchers and health authorities of countries within each IADR Division to
develop and promote dosage schedules for dietary fluoride supplements that are
suitable for their particular area.
IADR Policy Statements
7. Statements on Topical Fluorides
• The FDI recognises that professionally applied topical fluoride is a safe and
effective procedure to reduce dental caries.
• The FDI recognises home use of topical fluorides, prescribed professionally, as a
safe and effective procedure for the prevention of dental caries.
• The FDI recognises that use of fluoride mouth rinses is a safe and effective
method to reduce dental caries and further recognises that fluoride mouth rinses of a
concentration of 230 parts per million should be available for purchase directly by
consumers. Mouth rinses with a higher concentration (900 parts per million) should be
available only under the supervision or prescription of a dentist.
FDI Policy Statement on Fluoride and Fluoridation for the Control of Dental Caries, FDI Dental World
– May/June 1993
8. Other Statements on Fluorides
Many other statements exist relating to the safety of fluoride and use. Statements relating to
research have not been included here.
5. Recommendations from “Fluorides and Oral Health, Report of a WHO Expert Committee on
Oral Health Status and Fluoride Use, WHO, Geneva 1994.”
1. There is a need to carry out detailed fluoride mapping for existing water sources, as well as
hydrological studies to show flow lines and hydrogeochemical surveys in areas where fluorosis is
endemic. Governments in the affected areas should establish clear guidelines on exploitation of
groundwater so that sinking boreholes in high fluoride zones can be avoided.
2. Countries that have industries that emit fluoride into the atmosphere or have mines of fluoride-rich
minerals should introduce and enforce environmental protection measures.
3. Dietary practices that increase the risks of infants and young children being overexposed to fluoride
from all sources should be identified and appropriate action taken.
4. Dental fluorosis should be monitored periodically to detect increasing or higher-than-acceptable
levels of fluorosis. Action should be taken when fluorosis is found to be excessive by adjusting
fluoride intake from water, salt or other sources. Biomarkers should be used, where practical, to
assess current fluoride exposure to predict further risk of fluorosis.
5. In view of the endemic nature of unsightly dental fluorosis in a number of regions, research on the
development of affordable technology for partial defluoridation in households and communities is
recommended.
6. The effectiveness of all caries-preventive programmes should be regularly monitored.
7. Community water fluoridation is safe and cost-effective and should be introduced and maintained
wherever it is socially acceptable and feasible. The optimum water fluoride concentration will
normally be within the range 0.5-1.0 mg /1.
8. Salt fluoridation at a minimum concentration of 200 mg F- /kg, should be considered as a practical
alternative to water fluoridation.
9. Encouraging results have been reported with milk fluoridation but more studies are recommended.
10. Fluoride tablets and drops have limited application as a public health measure. In areas with medium
to low caries prevalence a conservative prescribing policy should be adopted: a dose of 0.5 mg F- /day
should be prescribed for individuals at risk from the age of 3 years. In areas with high caries
prevalence, a dosage regimen should be used, starting at 6 months of age, that takes into account the
fluoride content of the drinking-water.
11. Only one systemic fluoride measure should be used at any one time.
12. Because fluoridated toothpaste is a highly effective means of caries control, every effort must be
made to develop affordable fluori dated toothpastes for use in developing countries. The use of
fluoride toothpastes being a public health measure, it would be in the interest of countries to exempt
them from the duties and taxation applied to cosmetics.
13. Fluoridated-toothpaste tubes should carry advice that, for children under 6 years of age. brushing
should be supervised and only a very small amount (less than 5 mm) should be placed on the brush or
chewing-stick. The caries-preventive effectiveness of toothpastes with lower levels of fluoride,
manufactured especially for use by children, should be fully studied.
14. Fluoridated toothpastes with candy-like flavours and toothpastes containing fluoride at a concentration
of 1500 ppm or more are not recommended for use by children under 6 years of age.
15. In low-fluoride communities, school-based brushing and mouthrinsing programmes are recommended,
but their adoption should be based on the cost of implementation and the caries status of the
community. Fluoride mouth-rinsing is contraindicated in children under 6 years of age.
16. Further research on the effectiveness of fluoride in preventing, rootsurface caries is recommended.
6. Press Release WHO/14 - 15 February 1994
WHO ADVOCATES AFFORDABLE FLUORIDE TOOTHPASTES FOR THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Fluoride toothpaste is now the most widely used method of prevention in the world, but its cost remains a deterrent for
many of the world's poorer populations. This was the conclusion reached by a WHO Expert Committee meeting a few
months before this year's World Health Day, on 7 April, which will focus on oral health. Among measures to promote
greater access to these toothpastes, the Committee proposed exemption from duties and taxation, since fluorides are
added for the sake of public health and not for cosmetic purposes.
According to data presented at a recent meeting in Geneva, more than 800 million people throughout the world now
benefit from fluorides, the most common naturally occurring fluorine chemical compounds, as a means of controlling
caries and maintaining oral health. This is mostly achieved through the fluoridation of water for (210 million people), salt
(50 million) or toothpaste (450 million). Ground water in its natural condition almost always contains fluorides, but in
concentrations that vary widely from one place to another.
Fluoride has been known for several decades to be effective against dental caries, and it acts in several different ways.
When present in dental plaque and saliva, it hastens the remineralization of incipient enamel lesions before cavities can
become established. It also interferes with glycolysis, the process by which bacteria metabolize sugars to produce acid.
In higher concentrations, it has a bactericidal effect and when ingested during the period of tooth development,
fluoride is thought to make the enamel more resistant to later acid attacks.
The other side of the story is that high concentrations of fluoride may give rise to fluorosis, with the appearance of
white patches and lines on the teeth. Mild fluorosis cannot be detected by the untrained eye, but may present
unaesthetic forms when it is more severe. The ideal balance must thus be found to ensure the benefit of effective
fluoride protection against caries while avoiding the damaging forms of fluorosis, which the WHO experts nevertheless
regard as acceptable in a mild form.
From the public health standpoint, they advocate as a general rule a strategy of low but regular exposure to fluorides,
while the application of higher concentrations, especially gels, should be reserved for patients particularly vulnerable to
caries.
This goal is described in the report adopted in Geneva as "maintaining a constant, low-level of fluoride in as many mouths
as possible", and when it is attained by adding fluoride to water, salt or toothpaste, the change in incidence of dental
caries in the population in question soon becomes evident. Many scientific studies show that when significant population
exposure to fluoride begins in any community where previously there was little or none, a decline in the incidence of
dental caries in children will become evident within about two years. Incidence among adults will also be reduced,
although the decline will be less evident.
For programmes of prevention to be effective, all sources of fluoride absorbed by individuals in their environment must
be taken into account, so that total intake does not exceed the optimal dose for oral health and health in general. The
experts convened by WHO have stressed that in communities where water fluoridation is not possible, for technical or
financial reasons, fluoridation of salt may be regarded as a suitable alternative. Switzerland is a good example of a
country where this method has resulted in a large reduction in dental caries in children and young people. Another
alternative is fluoridation of milk, a process which has shown promising results in certain community projects undertaken
by WHO.
However, it is the use of fluoride toothpastes that has been subjected to the most rigorous clinical testing. More than
100 trials have shown that brushing the teeth with a fluoride toothpaste will reduce the incidence of dental caries by
about 25% in only 2-3 years and more than twice that figure if used consistently from infancy. In view of the fact that
7. cost remains a barrier for its widespread use in many developing countries, the experts called for efforts to make
fluoride toothpastes, that are effective in preventing dental caries, affordable for use by underprivileged populations.
They also recommended that water fluoridation should be introduced and maintained whenever possible, since this is a
safe and cost-effective process. They recommended a range of fluoride concentration for water of 0.5 to 1 mg per litre.
Fluoridated salt should contain a minimum concentration of 200 mg per kilo.
This clear stand by the WHO Expert group in favour of fluoridation for the prevention of dental caries comes as a
curtain raiser to 1994, which Dr Hiroshi Nakajima, the Director-General of WHO, has decided to devote to the theme
of oral health. Not only on 7 April, but throughout the year that is now starting, the Member States of the
Organization, the medical profession and the public will be mobilized to give greater attention to this important aspect
of public health.
8. IADR Policy Statements –
FLUORIDATION OF WATER SUPPLIES
The International Association for Dental Research (IADR), considering that dental caries (tooth decay) ranks among the
most prevalent chronic diseases worldwide;
and recognizing that the consequences of tooth decay include pain, suffering, infection, tooth loss, and the subsequent
need for costly restorative treatment; and
taking into account that over 50 years of research have clearly demonstrated its efficacy and safety; and
noting that numerous national and international health-related organizations endorse fluoridation of water supplies;
fully endorses and strongly recommends the practice of water fluoridation for improving the oral health of nations.
(adopted 1979, updated 1999)
DIETARY FLUORIDE SUPPLEMENTS
The International Association for Dental Research (AADR), realizing that dental caries (tooth decay) ranks among the
most prevalent chronic diseases world-wide; and
Recognizing that the consequences of tooth decay include pain, infection, tooth loss, the subsequent need for costly
restorative treatment, and absence from work and school; and
Recognizing that, while fluoridation of water supplies is the most effective and least expensive measure to prevent
tooth decay, large numbers of people do not currently have access to the benefits of community fluoridation; and
Taking into account that over 20 years of research have clearly demonstrated the safety and efficacy of dietary
fluoride supplements; now, therefore,
1. Strongly recommends use of dietary fluoride supplements in areas where optimal fluoridation of water supplies
is not available, and
2. Urges researchers and health authorities of countries within each IADR Division to develop and promote
dosage schedules for dietary fluoride supplements that are suitable for their particular area.
REFERENCES
9. Accepted Dental Therapeutics, American Dental Association, 38th ed., 1979, 385 pp.
Committee on Nutrition, American Academy of Pediatrics, Fluoride Supplementation: Revised Dosage Schedule,
Pediatrics, Vol. 63, No. 1, January, 1979
Report of ORCA on Caries-preventive Fluoride Tablet Programs, Caries Res, Vol. 12, Supplement 1, 1978, 112 pp.
IADR, Policy Statement, J Dent Res, Nov. 1979.
AADR, Policy Statement accepted July 10, 1980.
(adopted 1983)