The document outlines the history of anti-Semitism in Europe leading up to and during the Holocaust. It discusses how Jews were historically discriminated against and scapegoated. In early 20th century Germany, Hitler blamed Jews for Germany's loss in WWI and pushed the ideology of Aryan racial supremacy. This led to the boycott of Jewish businesses in 1933 and the Nuremberg Laws stripping Jews of rights in 1935. Kristallnacht organized violence against Jews in 1938. During 1939-1945, Jews were isolated in ghettos and millions were deported to camps, where many were killed in gas chambers or by forced labor, until the camps were liberated by Allied forces by 1945.

1. Anti-Semitism / Stages of the Holocaust World History

2. History of Anti-Semitism Cultural differences made the Jews standout Jews generally lived in close-knit communities Have been demonized, discriminated against by Christians for 2000 years Christianity needed Judaism as a contrast - to make Christianity look better, to act as a scapegoat

3. History of Anti-Semitism 30 CE - Christ is killed. 325 CE - Christianity becomes official religion of the Roman Empire. Jews negatively portrayed. 5th-7th Centuries - Violence escalates Middle Ages - Jews less than human, killed in the Crusades, demonized, blamed for Black Death

4. History of Anti-Semitism Renaissance/Reformation - Jews had to wear badges or cones on head, in Italy and Germany they were separated into ghettos Spanish Inquisition 17th-18th Century tensions eased

5. Anti-Semitism in Germany .08% of population (~500,000) Fully integrated into Germany society Supported WWI and the German Empire Mostly lived in large cities

6. Anti-Semitism in Germany Hitler blamed Jews/Marxists for loss of WWI The Aryan Race - “Pure Germans” superior Incorrectly names Jews as a race Struggle for world domination History and biology changed to match anti-Semitic views

7. Boycott of Jewish Businesses 1933 - Germany Sets up idea that Jews are not Germans and isolates them

8. SA pickets, wearing boycott signs, block the entrance to a Jewish-owned shop. The signs read: "Germans, defend yourselves against the Jewish atrocity propaganda, buy only at German shops!" and "Germans, defend yourselves, buy only at German shops!"

9. Two Nazi stormtroopers stand guard in front of the H. L. Heimann store in Bopfingen, to prevent would-be shoppers from violating the Nazi boycott of Jewish-owned businesses.

10. Nuremberg Laws Germany - 1935 Defined who was a Jew Deprived Jews of political rights

13. Kristallnacht 1938 - Germany “Night of the Broken Glass” Organized violence against Jews throughout Germany and Austria

15. The fire department only made sure the fire did not spread to the building next to the synagogue

16. View of the interior of the Essenweinstrasse synagogue in Nuremberg following its destruction during Kristallnacht.

17. Ghettos 1939-45 - German occupied territories Small areas of a city where Jews were isolated

20. Einsatzgruppen 1941 - Poland and Russia Mobile Killing Squads

25. Deportations 1939-1945 - Throughout Europe Movement of Jews to ghettos and then to camps

27. Jews board a deportation train at the railroad station in Würzburg.

28. Hundreds of Jews wait to board deportation trains at the railroad station in Würzburg. Their luggage and bed rolls are piled in the center of the platform.

29. Jews from the Lodz ghetto board deportation trains for the Chelmno death camp

30. Camps 1939-1945 - Throughout Europe Different types: labor camps, concentration camps, and death camps

33. “ Work makes one free”

34. Human remains found in the Dachau concentration camp crematorium after liberation. Germany, April 1945.

35. Liberation 1944-45 - Throughout Europe Allies liberate camps