Fingerprinting crops to detect organic or inorganic fertilizer use can be done by determining nitrogen (N) stable isotope values. In previous research, crops grown with organic N had higher amounts of 15N while those grown with inorganic N were higher in 14N. This information may be useful to follow plant
demands and N requirements of heavy N feeding crops like tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and lead
to more efficient N inputs. A greenhouse experiment was conducted with ‘Better Bush’ tomatoes using four soil fertility treatments consisting of a) inorganic fertilization [Miracle Grow®; 24N-4P-13K], b)
organic fertilization [bonemeal (6N-8P-0K), bloodmeal (12N-0P-0K), liquid Earth juice (2N-1P-1K) and 25% vermicompost]; c) mixed fertilization [Miracle Grow® with 25% vermicompost] and d) control [no fertilization].
Experimental Study on the Use of Human Urine for Selected Philippine Vegetabl...Oswar Mungkasa
prepared by R. Gensch*, A. Miso* and G..S. Itchon** * Sustainable Sanitation Center, Xavier University – Ateneo de Cagayan, Masterson Avenue, Manresa Heights, Cagayan de Oro, Philippines (E-mail: robert.gensch@web.de; annamiso@googlemail.com) ** Department of Preventive and Community Medicine, Jose P. for Urban Environments in Asia, 25-28 May 2011, Manila, Philippines. organized by International Water Association (IWA).
This study examined the effects of organic, conventional and mixed cultivation practices on soil microbial communities and nematode abundance in onion crops. Soil samples from different treatment plots in a long-term field trial were analyzed using various techniques. Results showed that microbial activity and bacterial counts were significantly higher under fully organic management. Organic management also increased microbial diversity according to sequence data. The findings suggest organic practices can improve indices of soil quality and health.
1. The document summarizes methods for measuring and estimating nitrogen (N) levels in crop canopies, including direct measurement through plant tissue testing and indirect estimation using chlorophyll meters, crop sensors, and drones.
2. Direct measurement of N involves testing plant tissues like potato petioles in a lab to determine their nitrate levels, while indirect methods estimate N through relationships with chlorophyll or vegetation indices.
3. The presentation evaluates tools like SPAD meters, leaf color charts, optical sensors, and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) that can help farmers estimate crop N levels and determine optimal nitrogen fertilization rates.
Effect of Organic Fertilizer Containing Mint and Thyme Oil Extract on Tomato ...IJERA Editor
This document summarizes a study that investigated the effects of an organic fertilizer made from mint and thyme oil extracts on the growth of tomato seedlings. Two tomato cultivars (Toprak F1 and Çanak) were treated with either the organic fertilizer or a commercial fertilizer. The growth and nutrient content of the seedlings was then measured. Results showed that high doses of the organic fertilizer negatively affected seedling growth. However, the organic fertilizer led to higher dry matter content and some higher nutrient levels in the seedlings compared to the commercial fertilizer. More research is needed to determine the optimal application doses of the organic fertilizer.
“Development of Organic Fertilizer Products and Systems to Improve Soil Ferti...ShynneGabinete
This document summarizes research conducted on developing organic fertilizer products and nutrient management systems to support organic vegetable production in Benguet, Philippines. Liquid and solid organic fertilizers were formulated using locally available materials like legume seeds, chicken manure, sawdust, and compost. These fertilizers were tested on cabbage grown on farms converting to organic production. Lower yields were initially observed during conversion but after three years, yields increased and were comparable to conventional farms. The most effective nutrient management system applied Trichoderma before planting and split applications of solid organic fertilizer and liquid fertilizer during growth periods. This system provided essential nutrients during critical stages, resulting in higher yields during conversion to organic practices.
Using next generation sequencing to describe epiphytic microbiota associated ...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— Its seems likely that agricultural management as diverse as certified organic and conventional IPM practices would impact the microbiota associated with crop surfaces differently. We sampled organic and conventionally managed apples at multiple time-points in a growing season and characterized the bacterial taxa associated with replicates of each treatment type. Surprisingly, no evidence of significant differences persisting across multiple time-points was observed. Significant differential abundance of certain taxa was documented but when it was, it was primarily associated with a single time-point making it difficult to understand if these observations resulted from an environmental or a treatment effect. Principal component analyses demonstrated that sampling time-point explained more of the differences between bacterial communities than treatment. Description of dominant shared bacterial families for both organic and conventional samples included Oxalobacteraceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Sphingomonadaceae and Enterobacteriaceae.
Growth and yield of 12 accessions of Pawpaw (Carica papaya L.) as influenced ...Innspub Net
Pawpaw (Carica papaya L.) has gained important commercial status in Nigeria due to its nutritional, medicinal and health benefits. In recent times, there is a growing preference for pure organic food due to the envisaged health and environmental benefits. Thus, a study was carried out on 12 selected accessions of pawpaw evaluated under three poultry manure (PM) application rates at the Department of Crop Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. The field experiment was a split plot in randomized complete block design of three replications. The main plot treatment was three PM application rates (0, 5 and 10 t ha-1) and the sub-plot treatment was 12 accessions of pawpaw. Accession Ijm-Cl-Ro significantly (p<0.05) produced the tallest plants (71.7, 87.3, 108.3, 127.4 and 150.0cm) at 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 months after transplanting (MAT), respectively. It had the greatest number of fruits (9.3) at 11 months after the onset of fruit formation, maximum fruit weight (7.15kg) and the highest fruit yield (23.83 t ha-1). Increasing PM rate increased growth traits of the pawpaw plants. Interaction of manure rate × accession on most of the growth attributes varied greatly, but showed no significant difference on yield traits. The accession Ijm-Cl-Ro with the application of 10 t ha-1 of PM which produced the best growth and highest fruit yield is recommended for improved productivity of pawpaw. The control plot produced no fruit throughout the study period, suggesting that manure application is crucial for sustained yield of pawpaw in the study area.
This study evaluated the effects of different nutrient sources on the growth, yield and soil properties related to cauliflower production. Four treatments were tested: biofertilizers, vermicompost, farmyard manure (FYM), and a mixture. The treatments significantly affected plant height, biomass and leaf length. Plots with biofertilizers and FYM yielded the highest at 25.22 and 25.14 tons/ha respectively. Treatments also had residual effects on soil phosphorus and potassium levels. Correlation analysis found yield was positively correlated with biomass, curd weight, depth, diameter and leaf length. Principal component analysis identified plant traits contributing most to variation. Cluster analysis grouped treatments, with F
Experimental Study on the Use of Human Urine for Selected Philippine Vegetabl...Oswar Mungkasa
prepared by R. Gensch*, A. Miso* and G..S. Itchon** * Sustainable Sanitation Center, Xavier University – Ateneo de Cagayan, Masterson Avenue, Manresa Heights, Cagayan de Oro, Philippines (E-mail: robert.gensch@web.de; annamiso@googlemail.com) ** Department of Preventive and Community Medicine, Jose P. for Urban Environments in Asia, 25-28 May 2011, Manila, Philippines. organized by International Water Association (IWA).
This study examined the effects of organic, conventional and mixed cultivation practices on soil microbial communities and nematode abundance in onion crops. Soil samples from different treatment plots in a long-term field trial were analyzed using various techniques. Results showed that microbial activity and bacterial counts were significantly higher under fully organic management. Organic management also increased microbial diversity according to sequence data. The findings suggest organic practices can improve indices of soil quality and health.
1. The document summarizes methods for measuring and estimating nitrogen (N) levels in crop canopies, including direct measurement through plant tissue testing and indirect estimation using chlorophyll meters, crop sensors, and drones.
2. Direct measurement of N involves testing plant tissues like potato petioles in a lab to determine their nitrate levels, while indirect methods estimate N through relationships with chlorophyll or vegetation indices.
3. The presentation evaluates tools like SPAD meters, leaf color charts, optical sensors, and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) that can help farmers estimate crop N levels and determine optimal nitrogen fertilization rates.
Effect of Organic Fertilizer Containing Mint and Thyme Oil Extract on Tomato ...IJERA Editor
This document summarizes a study that investigated the effects of an organic fertilizer made from mint and thyme oil extracts on the growth of tomato seedlings. Two tomato cultivars (Toprak F1 and Çanak) were treated with either the organic fertilizer or a commercial fertilizer. The growth and nutrient content of the seedlings was then measured. Results showed that high doses of the organic fertilizer negatively affected seedling growth. However, the organic fertilizer led to higher dry matter content and some higher nutrient levels in the seedlings compared to the commercial fertilizer. More research is needed to determine the optimal application doses of the organic fertilizer.
“Development of Organic Fertilizer Products and Systems to Improve Soil Ferti...ShynneGabinete
This document summarizes research conducted on developing organic fertilizer products and nutrient management systems to support organic vegetable production in Benguet, Philippines. Liquid and solid organic fertilizers were formulated using locally available materials like legume seeds, chicken manure, sawdust, and compost. These fertilizers were tested on cabbage grown on farms converting to organic production. Lower yields were initially observed during conversion but after three years, yields increased and were comparable to conventional farms. The most effective nutrient management system applied Trichoderma before planting and split applications of solid organic fertilizer and liquid fertilizer during growth periods. This system provided essential nutrients during critical stages, resulting in higher yields during conversion to organic practices.
Using next generation sequencing to describe epiphytic microbiota associated ...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— Its seems likely that agricultural management as diverse as certified organic and conventional IPM practices would impact the microbiota associated with crop surfaces differently. We sampled organic and conventionally managed apples at multiple time-points in a growing season and characterized the bacterial taxa associated with replicates of each treatment type. Surprisingly, no evidence of significant differences persisting across multiple time-points was observed. Significant differential abundance of certain taxa was documented but when it was, it was primarily associated with a single time-point making it difficult to understand if these observations resulted from an environmental or a treatment effect. Principal component analyses demonstrated that sampling time-point explained more of the differences between bacterial communities than treatment. Description of dominant shared bacterial families for both organic and conventional samples included Oxalobacteraceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Sphingomonadaceae and Enterobacteriaceae.
Growth and yield of 12 accessions of Pawpaw (Carica papaya L.) as influenced ...Innspub Net
Pawpaw (Carica papaya L.) has gained important commercial status in Nigeria due to its nutritional, medicinal and health benefits. In recent times, there is a growing preference for pure organic food due to the envisaged health and environmental benefits. Thus, a study was carried out on 12 selected accessions of pawpaw evaluated under three poultry manure (PM) application rates at the Department of Crop Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. The field experiment was a split plot in randomized complete block design of three replications. The main plot treatment was three PM application rates (0, 5 and 10 t ha-1) and the sub-plot treatment was 12 accessions of pawpaw. Accession Ijm-Cl-Ro significantly (p<0.05) produced the tallest plants (71.7, 87.3, 108.3, 127.4 and 150.0cm) at 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 months after transplanting (MAT), respectively. It had the greatest number of fruits (9.3) at 11 months after the onset of fruit formation, maximum fruit weight (7.15kg) and the highest fruit yield (23.83 t ha-1). Increasing PM rate increased growth traits of the pawpaw plants. Interaction of manure rate × accession on most of the growth attributes varied greatly, but showed no significant difference on yield traits. The accession Ijm-Cl-Ro with the application of 10 t ha-1 of PM which produced the best growth and highest fruit yield is recommended for improved productivity of pawpaw. The control plot produced no fruit throughout the study period, suggesting that manure application is crucial for sustained yield of pawpaw in the study area.
This study evaluated the effects of different nutrient sources on the growth, yield and soil properties related to cauliflower production. Four treatments were tested: biofertilizers, vermicompost, farmyard manure (FYM), and a mixture. The treatments significantly affected plant height, biomass and leaf length. Plots with biofertilizers and FYM yielded the highest at 25.22 and 25.14 tons/ha respectively. Treatments also had residual effects on soil phosphorus and potassium levels. Correlation analysis found yield was positively correlated with biomass, curd weight, depth, diameter and leaf length. Principal component analysis identified plant traits contributing most to variation. Cluster analysis grouped treatments, with F
Enhancing Productivity and Livelihoods among Smallholders Irrigations through...Jenkins Macedo
This field research was presented at the 2015 3rd Global Conference on Climate-Smart Agriculture in Montpelier, France on March 18, 2015.
Climate change and climate variability pose significant risks to smallholders in the rainfed lowlands of Lao PDR. Increased surface temperatures, declining rainfall, persistent drought and depletion of soil nutrients all serve to impact agricultural productivity and livelihoods. This study investigates the impact of five treatments on soil nutrients, moisture, plant growth, and yield of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica). The treatments tested were rice husk biochar only, biochar inoculated with manure, manure tea, inorganic fertilizer and the control. The costs and benefits of the treatments were also assessed. The randomized complete block design was used to assign five treatments and eight replications to the experimental units. Biochar was produced through slow pyrolysis. Soil physical properties were assessed with the visual soil assessment method and 15-randomized soil samples were collected for chemical analyses. Sprinklers were used for irrigation and a weather station installed to monitor the climate. Descriptive statistics and analysis of variance were used to analyze the data. Costs-benefits evaluation of the treatments was conducted to determine the net benefits relative to the initial costs ratio. The analysis of variance of mean yield indicates that the difference in yield among the treatments was highly significant. The computed F value (8.28) was higher than the F critical (2.64) at the 5% level of significance. The calculated coefficient of variance of mean yield was 17.33%. The net benefits to initial costs ratio of treatments suggest that the control (4.11), biochar inoculated with manure plus NPK (1.64), and biochar plus manure tea (1.01) are preferred. The net benefits and initial costs evaluation of treatments is important to assess whether utilizing these treatments would impact smallholders’ livelihoods. The results of this study contribute to the evidence that biochar could play an essential role to mitigate climate change risks by enhancing soil quality and increase agricultural productivity.
Effects of renewal pattern of recycled nutrient solution on the ion balance i...gugabione
Ion imbalance in recycled nutrient solutions is caused by selective ion uptake of plants, which occurs at different
rates in different growth stages. The objectives of this study were to investigate the ion balances in both recycled nutrient
solutions and rockwool media using different renewal patterns for the nutrient solutions, and to analyze the subsequent effects
on uptake of water and nutrients. Over 12 weeks of paprika cultivation, two different renewal patterns (week units) of 6-4-2
and 8-2-2 weeks were compared with a constant renewal pattern of 4-4-4 weeks (control). The nutrient solution in the reservoir
tank was constantly maintained at EC 2.5 dS・m
-1
and pH 5.5-6.5. The changes in the ion balance with the 4-4-4 week pattern
were smaller than those with the other treatments. In the early growth stage, however, the ion balances similarly changed
among all treatments. Greater changes were subsequently observed for the 6-4-2 week pattern. Although fruit yield and shoot
fresh weight of paprika were the lowest with 6-4-2 renewal pattern, no significant differences were observed. Our results indicate
that renewal intervals can be extended in consideration of growth stage for more efficient and practical operations in closed
soilless cultures.
The effect of np fertlizer rates on the yield and yield components of ginger ...Alexander Decker
This study evaluated the effects of different rates of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizers on the yield and yield components of ginger in Kindo-Koyisha Woreda, Ethiopia. The experiment used five levels of N (0-92 kg/ha) and four levels of P (0-30 kg/ha) in a randomized complete block design. Results showed that increasing the N level significantly increased various yield components. The P level also significantly affected plant height, leaf length, leaf area, and number of tillers and plants per plot. The interaction between N and P significantly impacted leaf area and number of plots per plot. The highest yields were obtained at 92kg/ha N and 30
The effect of vermicompost stimulator Trichoderma sp. and local liquid microo...Open Access Research Paper
The importance of this research is to increase public awareness about local resources that can be utilized for healthier and more sustainable agriculture. This research can be a recommendation to reduce soil damage due to synthetic chemical fertilizers as well as an alternative when farmers have trouble about rare fertilizers in Indonesia. This research used an experimental method with experiments in the greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of 45 Mataram. The design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a factorial experiment. The first factor is vermicompost with 5 levels, and second factor is Local Liquid Microorganisms (M) which consists of 5 levels. The results showed that the treatment with the addition vermicompost could significantly increase the growth and yield of lettuce. The best wet weight yield was 14.53 grams per plant, obtained with the addition 7kgs of vermicompost, while the yield of 5.67 grams per plant was obtained without the addition vermicompost so that the increase in yield was 156.26%. Liquid water hyacinth local microorganisms have not been able to give a significant effect on the growth and yield of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L). The yield of wet weight of 14.17 grams per plant was obtained with the addition of liquid water hyacinth local microorganisms 8 cc/liter of water while the yield of 11.50 grams per plant was obtained without the addition local liquid microorganisms of water hyacinth. The interaction between vermicompost and local liquid microorganism’s water hyacinth has not had a significant effect.
RAPD Analysis Of Rapidly Multiplied In Vitro Plantlets of Anthurium Andreanum...IOSR Journals
This document summarizes a study that analyzed genetic variation in Anthurium andreanum plantlets multiplied through in vitro culture. Seeds were germinated and a single plantlet was cultured on MS medium supplemented with hormones and used as the mother plant. Shoots were transferred to four media including MS medium and proliferated over 10 cycles. RAPD analysis found the mother plant was genetically identical to plantlets in some media but unique band patterns in others indicated mutations, showing in vitro culture induced genetic variability compared to the original mother plant.
This document summarizes a study on the effect of different organic manures on the yield and characteristics of sweet pepper. The study found that poultry manure was the most effective treatment, increasing flowering speed, fruit diameter, number of fruits per plant, and overall yield. Vermicompost combined with urea was the next best treatment. The current farming practice of Nepalese farmers using farmyard manure and chemical fertilizers performed significantly better than the control treatment. The study concludes that poultry manure is the best organic manure to use for sweet pepper based on its positive impacts on various plant characteristics and yield.
This study examined the nutrient mass balances of nitrogen and phosphorus in an integrated shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) culture system using low salinity groundwater in Sonora, Mexico. Most of the nitrogen (43.6%) and phosphorus (98.8%) inputs came from shrimp feed. Approximately 15.2% of nitrogen and 8.9% of phosphorus inputs were converted to harvested shrimp, while 4.1% of nitrogen and 24.6% of phosphorus remained in organic sludge. Environmental losses of nitrogen and phosphorus per ton of product harvested were relatively low at 57 kg of nitrogen and 7.1 kg of phosphorus
Evaluation of Different Growing Substrates on Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) under ...Innspub Net
Rockwool and coco coir performed the best as growing substrates for lettuce in a hydroponic system. Plants grown in coco coir had the tallest height and longest roots, while rockwool produced the most leaves and heaviest fresh biomass. All substrates maintained a similar alkaline pH in the water. While rockwool performed best, coco coir is a suitable alternative growing substrate that does not significantly differ from rockwool for hydroponically grown lettuce.
The document summarizes a study that used the Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) method to establish nutrient norms and sufficiency ranges for onion plants grown in sandy soil in Egypt. Leaf and yield data were collected from 36 onion fields and divided into high- and low-yielding groups. DRIS norms were selected based on the highest variance ratio between the groups for 21 nutrient expressions. The average yield was 16.14 tons/ha for high-yielding fields and 11.18 tons/ha for low-yielding fields. Sufficient ranges were established for N, P, K, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu based on mean and standard deviation values.
The study probed into the statistical analysis of the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizer on the yield of sorghum; which was carried out at Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University (ATBU) School Farm, Bauchi State. The study relied on secondary data from ATBU school farm structured using a single variety of sorghum at three level of organic (0, 1 and 2t/kg) and four level of inorganic (0, 15, 30, 45kgN/ha) fertilizer. Cow dung and NPK were sources of fertilizer used in the secondary data. SPSS version 20 software was employed to analyze the data obtained. Each variable considered was subjected to univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) and comparison of the means by employing Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The result indicated that the effect of fertilization on yield and weight of sorghum were significant at p=0.001. Application of 45kgN/ha of NPK gave the highest yield of 3.6t/ha among sole application of NPK, while 1t/ha of cow dung recorded the highest yield (2.37t/ha) among sole application of cow dung. It was observed that a combination of 2t/ha of cow dung + 45kg/ha of NPK significantly (P=0.001) gave the highest yield of 4.4t/ha of sorghum. However, it was not significantly better than sole application of 45kg/ha of NPK and a combine application of 2t/ha of cow dung + 30kg/ha of NPK. Similarly, 2t/ha of cow dung + 45kg/ha of NPK significantly gave the highest weight of 418kg/ha of sorghum.
Effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacterial (PGPR) inoculation on growth ...IJEAB
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the effects of inoculating tomato plants with three plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains. The study found that all three strains (B. cereus 2027-2, P. agglomerans 2066-7, and S. proteamaculans 2025-1) significantly increased various growth parameters of the tomato plants compared to non-inoculated controls, including aerial plant length, root length, stem diameter, chlorophyll content, and yield. The three strains were selected for further characterization of their plant growth promotion mechanisms, which found that they exhibited various combinations of abilities to solubilize phosphate, fix nitrogen, and produce ammonia, ind
This document summarizes a study on the effects of different drip irrigation levels on the yield of salad cucumber grown under naturally ventilated polyhouses. The study found that lowering irrigation to 65% of the control level (1.3 L per plant per day) sustained production and increased water use efficiency without decreasing yield. The 65% irrigation level produced the highest fruit number, fruit weight, fruit yield, water use efficiency, net return, and benefit-cost ratio compared to other levels. Therefore, the study concludes that a drip irrigation level of 65% is the best recommendation to maximize economic yield of salad cucumber under polyhouse conditions while saving water.
Impact of Untreated Brewery Effluent on Bacteriological Characteristic of Agr...ijtsrd
This research was conducted to evaluate the impact of untreated brewery effluent on the bacteriological characteristic of agricultural soil. This is to ascertain the suitability of untreated brewery effluent for irrigation purposes. Untreated brewery effluent was aseptically collected from Intafact brewery, Onitsha, Anambra State, Nigeria., while agricultural soil was obtained from a maize farm in Onitsha. Five kilograms of the soil sample was treated with 200 ml of the effluent in a pot experiment and allowed for 80 days. The bacteriological characteristic of the effluent and soil samples treated and untreated was determined by estimating the total bacterial count, total coliform count, fecal coliform count, Pseudomonas count, Rhizobial count and Clostridium count. Results obtained showed that the untreated brewery effluent had total bacterial count of 5.2 × 103cfu ml, total coliform count of 0.5× 103cfu ml, Pseudomonas count of 0.7 × 103cfu g and zero fecal coliform, Rhizobium and Clostridium counts. The total bacterial count, total coliform count, Pseudomonas count, rhizobial count and Clostridium count for the untreated and treated soil samples were 10.8× 103cfu g and 22.8× 103cfu g, 7.2× 103cfu g and 11.4× 103cfu g, 0.9 × 103cfu g and 2.5 × 103cfu g, 0.4× 103cfu g and 0.73× 103cfu g, 1.2 × 103cfu g and 8.0 × 103cfu g respectively. A total of 34 bacterial organisms belonging to ten different genera Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Azotobacter, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Rhizobium, Proteus, Enterobacter, Klebsiella and Serratia were isolated from all the samples analyzed. While Enterobacter sp. occurred most in the effluent sample, Bacillussp predominated in the untreated soil sample. Rhizobium and Pseudomonas count were significantly higher p value 0.05 in the treated soil sample. This study showed that untreated brewery effluent enhanced the growth of plant growth promoting bacteria, hence, can serve efficiently as irrigation water. Mbonu, C. F. | Onuorah, S. C. | Okoye, E. C. S. "Impact of Untreated Brewery Effluent on Bacteriological Characteristic of Agricultural Soil" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49673.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/microbiology/49673/impact-of-untreated-brewery-effluent-on-bacteriological-characteristic-of-agricultural-soil/mbonu-c-f
Grimmett et al., growth rate hypothesisIvan Grimmett
The study tested whether the growth rate hypothesis applies to five species of aquatic hyphomycetes grown in broth cultures. Samples were taken from the cultures over 56 days and analyzed for biomass accumulation, ergosterol concentration (indicator of fungal biomass), and concentrations of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, RNA, and DNA. Growth curves followed a rectangular hyperbola pattern. There were no consistent trends in carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, or ergosterol concentrations related to culture age or growth rate. RNA and DNA concentrations and their ratio decreased with culture age. Only RNA concentrations were positively correlated with growth rate, supporting the growth rate hypothesis for aquatic hyphomycetes.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Genetic Variability for Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolic Content in Fo...CrimsonpublishersNTNF
This document reports on a study that assessed genetic variability for total phenolic content and antioxidant activity in 139 genotypes of four pulse crops: chickpea, lentil, pigeonpea, and blackgram. Significant genetic variation was found for both total phenolic content and antioxidant activity across all genotypes. Blackgram genotypes had the highest mean phenolic content and antioxidant activity, followed by pigeonpea, chickpea, and lentil. Within each crop, phenolic content and antioxidant activity varied between genotypes. Highly significant correlations between phenolic content and antioxidant activity were found for all crops except pigeonpea. The study indicates genetic diversity exists that can be exploited for improving antioxidant levels in these important pulse crops.
Nine groundnut varieties were tested across six environments in western Oromia, Ethiopia during 2013 main cropping season to evaluate the performance of groundnut varieties for kernel yield and their stability across environments. The varieties were arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Pooled analysis of variance for kernel yield showed significant (p≤0.01) differences among the varieties, environments and the genotype by environment interaction (GxE). Additive main effect and multiplicative interactions (AMMI) analysis showed highly significant (p≤0.01) differences for varieties, environments and their interaction on kernel yield. Similarly, the first and the second interaction principal component axis (IPCA1 and IPCA 2) were highly significant (p≤0.01) and explained 41.32 and 7.2% of the total GxE sum of squares, respectively. The environment, genotype and genotype by environment interaction accounted 14.7, 24.1 and 53.3% variations, respectively. This indicated the existence of considerable amounts of deferential response among the varieties to changes in growing environments and the deferential discriminating ability of the test environments. Shulamith and Bulki varieties showed the smallest genotype selection index (GSI) values and had the highest kernel yield and stability showing that these varieties had general adaptation in the tested environments. In the genotype and genotype by environment (GGE) biplot analysis, IPCA1 and IPCA 2 explained 63.5% and 22.4%, respectively, of genotype by environment interaction and made a total of 85.9%. GGE biplot analysis also confirmed Bulki and Shulamith varieties showed better stability and thus ideal varieties recommended for production in the test environments and similar agro-ecologies.
This experiment investigated the effects of plant density and nutrient levels on competition between dwarf marigold plants. Plants were grown at densities of 3, 5, or 10 seeds per pot and received 0, 1, or 4 mL of potassium solution per week. Higher plant densities resulted in significantly lower biomass per plant, indicating intraspecific competition for resources increased with density. Nutrient levels did not significantly affect biomass or flower production. The highest densities showed the strongest effects of competition through reduced growth.
Acute Toxicity of Fluazifop-P-Butyl (Herbicide) on Daphnia magna (Straus, 1820)IJERA Editor
In this research, fluazifop-p-butyl (herbicide) acute toxic effects on Daphnia magna (Straus, 1820) (Cladocera, Crustacea) widely used in agricultural areas inside of Çukurova Region was researched by bioassay method for to be informed about the possible negative effects that may be caused in the aquatic environment. In this study, methods of bioassay test which called static method has been applied. The study was carried out under laboratory conditions at 20±2 oC. The results has been estimated with the dose-response data were fitted a loglogistic model. The 24-h and 48-h acute LC50 values were calculated. According to the results, acute toxic effects researched fluazifop-p-butyl the LC50 acute toxic lethal concentration values for D. magna were calculated (95% confidence limits 7.46–9.52 mgl-1 ) 24-h LC50 8.78 mgl-1 and (95% confidence limits 4.32–4.95 mgl-1 ) 48-h LC50 4.63 mgl-1
Research Journal of Aklan State University - 2015 (Volume 3, No. 1)ASU-CHARRM
1) A study was conducted to determine the effects of different concentrations of activated sludge on the growth and yield of pechay plants.
2) The number of leaves was not affected by activated sludge concentration. Height and width of leaves were significantly affected, with concentrations of 0.25-0.75kg activated sludge producing the tallest and widest leaves.
3) Yield in terms of leaf weight was significantly lower in pure garden soil and highest with 0.25-0.75kg activated sludge concentrations. All treatments experienced some pest damage; pure garden soil had the most damage while pure activated sludge had the least.
Performance of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Under Different Supplementary Irri...CrimsonpublishersMCDA
Field experiment was conducted in Humera in 2015 main cropping season in a factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) to study the performance of sesame under different supplementary irrigation applications and nitrogen fertilizer rates. The study consists of four levels of nitrogen fertilizer rates (0kg N2/ha, 23kgN2/ha, 37.5kgN2/ha and 46kgN2/ha) and three levels of supplementary irrigation; rain-fed (I0), four irrigations (I4), and six irrigations (I6). Nitrogen fertilizer was applied in two splits, with the first half at sowing and the remaining half 30 days after emergence. Data on plant height, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, thousand seed weight, harvest index, aboveground biomass and grain yield were recorded. The analysis of variance (ANOVA), in indicated that application of nitrogen fertilizer significantly (p<0.05) affected sesame grain yield. The highest grain yield 423.4kg/ ha, and 455kg/ha was obtained from application of 46kg nitrogen per hectare, and six supplementary irrigation. The results obtained in this experiment showed that, application of supplementary irrigation could be an important climate change adaptation strategy in areas where onset and cessation of rainfall occur.
The Common Agricultural Policy of the EU (CAP) contains incentives for consolidation of resources and integration of organizations. The entire CAP follows the concept of efficiency achieved through product structure optimization and economies of scale. CAP imposes an advantage for the concept of efficiency at each level of the economic system. For this reason, integration-horizontal and vertical has been imposed as more important for farmers than competition. Such an approach stimulates large-scale exchange and consolidation of resources, at the same time being a prerequisite for problems for market competition. The Chicago School addresses the concept of efficiency in relation to the “antitrust paradox”.
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Enhancing Productivity and Livelihoods among Smallholders Irrigations through...Jenkins Macedo
This field research was presented at the 2015 3rd Global Conference on Climate-Smart Agriculture in Montpelier, France on March 18, 2015.
Climate change and climate variability pose significant risks to smallholders in the rainfed lowlands of Lao PDR. Increased surface temperatures, declining rainfall, persistent drought and depletion of soil nutrients all serve to impact agricultural productivity and livelihoods. This study investigates the impact of five treatments on soil nutrients, moisture, plant growth, and yield of water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica). The treatments tested were rice husk biochar only, biochar inoculated with manure, manure tea, inorganic fertilizer and the control. The costs and benefits of the treatments were also assessed. The randomized complete block design was used to assign five treatments and eight replications to the experimental units. Biochar was produced through slow pyrolysis. Soil physical properties were assessed with the visual soil assessment method and 15-randomized soil samples were collected for chemical analyses. Sprinklers were used for irrigation and a weather station installed to monitor the climate. Descriptive statistics and analysis of variance were used to analyze the data. Costs-benefits evaluation of the treatments was conducted to determine the net benefits relative to the initial costs ratio. The analysis of variance of mean yield indicates that the difference in yield among the treatments was highly significant. The computed F value (8.28) was higher than the F critical (2.64) at the 5% level of significance. The calculated coefficient of variance of mean yield was 17.33%. The net benefits to initial costs ratio of treatments suggest that the control (4.11), biochar inoculated with manure plus NPK (1.64), and biochar plus manure tea (1.01) are preferred. The net benefits and initial costs evaluation of treatments is important to assess whether utilizing these treatments would impact smallholders’ livelihoods. The results of this study contribute to the evidence that biochar could play an essential role to mitigate climate change risks by enhancing soil quality and increase agricultural productivity.
Effects of renewal pattern of recycled nutrient solution on the ion balance i...gugabione
Ion imbalance in recycled nutrient solutions is caused by selective ion uptake of plants, which occurs at different
rates in different growth stages. The objectives of this study were to investigate the ion balances in both recycled nutrient
solutions and rockwool media using different renewal patterns for the nutrient solutions, and to analyze the subsequent effects
on uptake of water and nutrients. Over 12 weeks of paprika cultivation, two different renewal patterns (week units) of 6-4-2
and 8-2-2 weeks were compared with a constant renewal pattern of 4-4-4 weeks (control). The nutrient solution in the reservoir
tank was constantly maintained at EC 2.5 dS・m
-1
and pH 5.5-6.5. The changes in the ion balance with the 4-4-4 week pattern
were smaller than those with the other treatments. In the early growth stage, however, the ion balances similarly changed
among all treatments. Greater changes were subsequently observed for the 6-4-2 week pattern. Although fruit yield and shoot
fresh weight of paprika were the lowest with 6-4-2 renewal pattern, no significant differences were observed. Our results indicate
that renewal intervals can be extended in consideration of growth stage for more efficient and practical operations in closed
soilless cultures.
The effect of np fertlizer rates on the yield and yield components of ginger ...Alexander Decker
This study evaluated the effects of different rates of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizers on the yield and yield components of ginger in Kindo-Koyisha Woreda, Ethiopia. The experiment used five levels of N (0-92 kg/ha) and four levels of P (0-30 kg/ha) in a randomized complete block design. Results showed that increasing the N level significantly increased various yield components. The P level also significantly affected plant height, leaf length, leaf area, and number of tillers and plants per plot. The interaction between N and P significantly impacted leaf area and number of plots per plot. The highest yields were obtained at 92kg/ha N and 30
The effect of vermicompost stimulator Trichoderma sp. and local liquid microo...Open Access Research Paper
The importance of this research is to increase public awareness about local resources that can be utilized for healthier and more sustainable agriculture. This research can be a recommendation to reduce soil damage due to synthetic chemical fertilizers as well as an alternative when farmers have trouble about rare fertilizers in Indonesia. This research used an experimental method with experiments in the greenhouse of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of 45 Mataram. The design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a factorial experiment. The first factor is vermicompost with 5 levels, and second factor is Local Liquid Microorganisms (M) which consists of 5 levels. The results showed that the treatment with the addition vermicompost could significantly increase the growth and yield of lettuce. The best wet weight yield was 14.53 grams per plant, obtained with the addition 7kgs of vermicompost, while the yield of 5.67 grams per plant was obtained without the addition vermicompost so that the increase in yield was 156.26%. Liquid water hyacinth local microorganisms have not been able to give a significant effect on the growth and yield of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L). The yield of wet weight of 14.17 grams per plant was obtained with the addition of liquid water hyacinth local microorganisms 8 cc/liter of water while the yield of 11.50 grams per plant was obtained without the addition local liquid microorganisms of water hyacinth. The interaction between vermicompost and local liquid microorganism’s water hyacinth has not had a significant effect.
RAPD Analysis Of Rapidly Multiplied In Vitro Plantlets of Anthurium Andreanum...IOSR Journals
This document summarizes a study that analyzed genetic variation in Anthurium andreanum plantlets multiplied through in vitro culture. Seeds were germinated and a single plantlet was cultured on MS medium supplemented with hormones and used as the mother plant. Shoots were transferred to four media including MS medium and proliferated over 10 cycles. RAPD analysis found the mother plant was genetically identical to plantlets in some media but unique band patterns in others indicated mutations, showing in vitro culture induced genetic variability compared to the original mother plant.
This document summarizes a study on the effect of different organic manures on the yield and characteristics of sweet pepper. The study found that poultry manure was the most effective treatment, increasing flowering speed, fruit diameter, number of fruits per plant, and overall yield. Vermicompost combined with urea was the next best treatment. The current farming practice of Nepalese farmers using farmyard manure and chemical fertilizers performed significantly better than the control treatment. The study concludes that poultry manure is the best organic manure to use for sweet pepper based on its positive impacts on various plant characteristics and yield.
This study examined the nutrient mass balances of nitrogen and phosphorus in an integrated shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) culture system using low salinity groundwater in Sonora, Mexico. Most of the nitrogen (43.6%) and phosphorus (98.8%) inputs came from shrimp feed. Approximately 15.2% of nitrogen and 8.9% of phosphorus inputs were converted to harvested shrimp, while 4.1% of nitrogen and 24.6% of phosphorus remained in organic sludge. Environmental losses of nitrogen and phosphorus per ton of product harvested were relatively low at 57 kg of nitrogen and 7.1 kg of phosphorus
Evaluation of Different Growing Substrates on Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) under ...Innspub Net
Rockwool and coco coir performed the best as growing substrates for lettuce in a hydroponic system. Plants grown in coco coir had the tallest height and longest roots, while rockwool produced the most leaves and heaviest fresh biomass. All substrates maintained a similar alkaline pH in the water. While rockwool performed best, coco coir is a suitable alternative growing substrate that does not significantly differ from rockwool for hydroponically grown lettuce.
The document summarizes a study that used the Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) method to establish nutrient norms and sufficiency ranges for onion plants grown in sandy soil in Egypt. Leaf and yield data were collected from 36 onion fields and divided into high- and low-yielding groups. DRIS norms were selected based on the highest variance ratio between the groups for 21 nutrient expressions. The average yield was 16.14 tons/ha for high-yielding fields and 11.18 tons/ha for low-yielding fields. Sufficient ranges were established for N, P, K, Fe, Zn, Mn and Cu based on mean and standard deviation values.
The study probed into the statistical analysis of the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizer on the yield of sorghum; which was carried out at Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University (ATBU) School Farm, Bauchi State. The study relied on secondary data from ATBU school farm structured using a single variety of sorghum at three level of organic (0, 1 and 2t/kg) and four level of inorganic (0, 15, 30, 45kgN/ha) fertilizer. Cow dung and NPK were sources of fertilizer used in the secondary data. SPSS version 20 software was employed to analyze the data obtained. Each variable considered was subjected to univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) and comparison of the means by employing Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The result indicated that the effect of fertilization on yield and weight of sorghum were significant at p=0.001. Application of 45kgN/ha of NPK gave the highest yield of 3.6t/ha among sole application of NPK, while 1t/ha of cow dung recorded the highest yield (2.37t/ha) among sole application of cow dung. It was observed that a combination of 2t/ha of cow dung + 45kg/ha of NPK significantly (P=0.001) gave the highest yield of 4.4t/ha of sorghum. However, it was not significantly better than sole application of 45kg/ha of NPK and a combine application of 2t/ha of cow dung + 30kg/ha of NPK. Similarly, 2t/ha of cow dung + 45kg/ha of NPK significantly gave the highest weight of 418kg/ha of sorghum.
Effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacterial (PGPR) inoculation on growth ...IJEAB
This document summarizes a study that evaluated the effects of inoculating tomato plants with three plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) strains. The study found that all three strains (B. cereus 2027-2, P. agglomerans 2066-7, and S. proteamaculans 2025-1) significantly increased various growth parameters of the tomato plants compared to non-inoculated controls, including aerial plant length, root length, stem diameter, chlorophyll content, and yield. The three strains were selected for further characterization of their plant growth promotion mechanisms, which found that they exhibited various combinations of abilities to solubilize phosphate, fix nitrogen, and produce ammonia, ind
This document summarizes a study on the effects of different drip irrigation levels on the yield of salad cucumber grown under naturally ventilated polyhouses. The study found that lowering irrigation to 65% of the control level (1.3 L per plant per day) sustained production and increased water use efficiency without decreasing yield. The 65% irrigation level produced the highest fruit number, fruit weight, fruit yield, water use efficiency, net return, and benefit-cost ratio compared to other levels. Therefore, the study concludes that a drip irrigation level of 65% is the best recommendation to maximize economic yield of salad cucumber under polyhouse conditions while saving water.
Impact of Untreated Brewery Effluent on Bacteriological Characteristic of Agr...ijtsrd
This research was conducted to evaluate the impact of untreated brewery effluent on the bacteriological characteristic of agricultural soil. This is to ascertain the suitability of untreated brewery effluent for irrigation purposes. Untreated brewery effluent was aseptically collected from Intafact brewery, Onitsha, Anambra State, Nigeria., while agricultural soil was obtained from a maize farm in Onitsha. Five kilograms of the soil sample was treated with 200 ml of the effluent in a pot experiment and allowed for 80 days. The bacteriological characteristic of the effluent and soil samples treated and untreated was determined by estimating the total bacterial count, total coliform count, fecal coliform count, Pseudomonas count, Rhizobial count and Clostridium count. Results obtained showed that the untreated brewery effluent had total bacterial count of 5.2 × 103cfu ml, total coliform count of 0.5× 103cfu ml, Pseudomonas count of 0.7 × 103cfu g and zero fecal coliform, Rhizobium and Clostridium counts. The total bacterial count, total coliform count, Pseudomonas count, rhizobial count and Clostridium count for the untreated and treated soil samples were 10.8× 103cfu g and 22.8× 103cfu g, 7.2× 103cfu g and 11.4× 103cfu g, 0.9 × 103cfu g and 2.5 × 103cfu g, 0.4× 103cfu g and 0.73× 103cfu g, 1.2 × 103cfu g and 8.0 × 103cfu g respectively. A total of 34 bacterial organisms belonging to ten different genera Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Azotobacter, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Rhizobium, Proteus, Enterobacter, Klebsiella and Serratia were isolated from all the samples analyzed. While Enterobacter sp. occurred most in the effluent sample, Bacillussp predominated in the untreated soil sample. Rhizobium and Pseudomonas count were significantly higher p value 0.05 in the treated soil sample. This study showed that untreated brewery effluent enhanced the growth of plant growth promoting bacteria, hence, can serve efficiently as irrigation water. Mbonu, C. F. | Onuorah, S. C. | Okoye, E. C. S. "Impact of Untreated Brewery Effluent on Bacteriological Characteristic of Agricultural Soil" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49673.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/microbiology/49673/impact-of-untreated-brewery-effluent-on-bacteriological-characteristic-of-agricultural-soil/mbonu-c-f
Grimmett et al., growth rate hypothesisIvan Grimmett
The study tested whether the growth rate hypothesis applies to five species of aquatic hyphomycetes grown in broth cultures. Samples were taken from the cultures over 56 days and analyzed for biomass accumulation, ergosterol concentration (indicator of fungal biomass), and concentrations of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, RNA, and DNA. Growth curves followed a rectangular hyperbola pattern. There were no consistent trends in carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, or ergosterol concentrations related to culture age or growth rate. RNA and DNA concentrations and their ratio decreased with culture age. Only RNA concentrations were positively correlated with growth rate, supporting the growth rate hypothesis for aquatic hyphomycetes.
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Genetic Variability for Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolic Content in Fo...CrimsonpublishersNTNF
This document reports on a study that assessed genetic variability for total phenolic content and antioxidant activity in 139 genotypes of four pulse crops: chickpea, lentil, pigeonpea, and blackgram. Significant genetic variation was found for both total phenolic content and antioxidant activity across all genotypes. Blackgram genotypes had the highest mean phenolic content and antioxidant activity, followed by pigeonpea, chickpea, and lentil. Within each crop, phenolic content and antioxidant activity varied between genotypes. Highly significant correlations between phenolic content and antioxidant activity were found for all crops except pigeonpea. The study indicates genetic diversity exists that can be exploited for improving antioxidant levels in these important pulse crops.
Nine groundnut varieties were tested across six environments in western Oromia, Ethiopia during 2013 main cropping season to evaluate the performance of groundnut varieties for kernel yield and their stability across environments. The varieties were arranged in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Pooled analysis of variance for kernel yield showed significant (p≤0.01) differences among the varieties, environments and the genotype by environment interaction (GxE). Additive main effect and multiplicative interactions (AMMI) analysis showed highly significant (p≤0.01) differences for varieties, environments and their interaction on kernel yield. Similarly, the first and the second interaction principal component axis (IPCA1 and IPCA 2) were highly significant (p≤0.01) and explained 41.32 and 7.2% of the total GxE sum of squares, respectively. The environment, genotype and genotype by environment interaction accounted 14.7, 24.1 and 53.3% variations, respectively. This indicated the existence of considerable amounts of deferential response among the varieties to changes in growing environments and the deferential discriminating ability of the test environments. Shulamith and Bulki varieties showed the smallest genotype selection index (GSI) values and had the highest kernel yield and stability showing that these varieties had general adaptation in the tested environments. In the genotype and genotype by environment (GGE) biplot analysis, IPCA1 and IPCA 2 explained 63.5% and 22.4%, respectively, of genotype by environment interaction and made a total of 85.9%. GGE biplot analysis also confirmed Bulki and Shulamith varieties showed better stability and thus ideal varieties recommended for production in the test environments and similar agro-ecologies.
This experiment investigated the effects of plant density and nutrient levels on competition between dwarf marigold plants. Plants were grown at densities of 3, 5, or 10 seeds per pot and received 0, 1, or 4 mL of potassium solution per week. Higher plant densities resulted in significantly lower biomass per plant, indicating intraspecific competition for resources increased with density. Nutrient levels did not significantly affect biomass or flower production. The highest densities showed the strongest effects of competition through reduced growth.
Acute Toxicity of Fluazifop-P-Butyl (Herbicide) on Daphnia magna (Straus, 1820)IJERA Editor
In this research, fluazifop-p-butyl (herbicide) acute toxic effects on Daphnia magna (Straus, 1820) (Cladocera, Crustacea) widely used in agricultural areas inside of Çukurova Region was researched by bioassay method for to be informed about the possible negative effects that may be caused in the aquatic environment. In this study, methods of bioassay test which called static method has been applied. The study was carried out under laboratory conditions at 20±2 oC. The results has been estimated with the dose-response data were fitted a loglogistic model. The 24-h and 48-h acute LC50 values were calculated. According to the results, acute toxic effects researched fluazifop-p-butyl the LC50 acute toxic lethal concentration values for D. magna were calculated (95% confidence limits 7.46–9.52 mgl-1 ) 24-h LC50 8.78 mgl-1 and (95% confidence limits 4.32–4.95 mgl-1 ) 48-h LC50 4.63 mgl-1
Research Journal of Aklan State University - 2015 (Volume 3, No. 1)ASU-CHARRM
1) A study was conducted to determine the effects of different concentrations of activated sludge on the growth and yield of pechay plants.
2) The number of leaves was not affected by activated sludge concentration. Height and width of leaves were significantly affected, with concentrations of 0.25-0.75kg activated sludge producing the tallest and widest leaves.
3) Yield in terms of leaf weight was significantly lower in pure garden soil and highest with 0.25-0.75kg activated sludge concentrations. All treatments experienced some pest damage; pure garden soil had the most damage while pure activated sludge had the least.
Similar to Stable Isotope Analysis as a Tool to Determine Nitrogen Fertilizer Source (20)
Performance of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Under Different Supplementary Irri...CrimsonpublishersMCDA
Field experiment was conducted in Humera in 2015 main cropping season in a factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) to study the performance of sesame under different supplementary irrigation applications and nitrogen fertilizer rates. The study consists of four levels of nitrogen fertilizer rates (0kg N2/ha, 23kgN2/ha, 37.5kgN2/ha and 46kgN2/ha) and three levels of supplementary irrigation; rain-fed (I0), four irrigations (I4), and six irrigations (I6). Nitrogen fertilizer was applied in two splits, with the first half at sowing and the remaining half 30 days after emergence. Data on plant height, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, thousand seed weight, harvest index, aboveground biomass and grain yield were recorded. The analysis of variance (ANOVA), in indicated that application of nitrogen fertilizer significantly (p<0.05) affected sesame grain yield. The highest grain yield 423.4kg/ ha, and 455kg/ha was obtained from application of 46kg nitrogen per hectare, and six supplementary irrigation. The results obtained in this experiment showed that, application of supplementary irrigation could be an important climate change adaptation strategy in areas where onset and cessation of rainfall occur.
The Common Agricultural Policy of the EU (CAP) contains incentives for consolidation of resources and integration of organizations. The entire CAP follows the concept of efficiency achieved through product structure optimization and economies of scale. CAP imposes an advantage for the concept of efficiency at each level of the economic system. For this reason, integration-horizontal and vertical has been imposed as more important for farmers than competition. Such an approach stimulates large-scale exchange and consolidation of resources, at the same time being a prerequisite for problems for market competition. The Chicago School addresses the concept of efficiency in relation to the “antitrust paradox”.
Use of Cover Crops in Organic Sweetpotato Production to Improve Yield: A Case...CrimsonpublishersMCDA
This case study evaluated the use of cereal rye and rapeseed cover crops for organic sweetpotato production. The cover crops were either tilled into the soil or crimped on the surface prior to transplanting sweetpotato slips. Tilling the cover crops resulted in significantly less weed coverage in the early growing season compared to crimping. Sweetpotato plants grown in tilled cover crop plots exhibited higher vigor throughout the season. Tilling also led to higher sweetpotato tuber yields, with cereal rye producing more than rapeseed. In contrast, crimped cover crop plots showed reduced plant vigor and yielded no tubers. This case suggests tilling cover crops can improve weed control and increase yields for
Organic Farming: An Agricultural Waste Management System for Enhancing Soil P...CrimsonpublishersMCDA
Sustainable agricultural production systems are crucial for meeting the food demand of the ever-increasing human population. However, these systems generate large amount of wastes which is a major environmental challenge when not properly managed. The difficulty and cost-related constraints associated with achieving sustainable food production through effective soil and crop management practices has led to a paradigm shift from inorganic farming to organic farming, where agricultural wastes are incorporated into the production systems. Organic farming applies natural principles for improved quality and quantity of crop produce while maintaining and/or improving soil health. This paper explores some ways in which agricultural wastes are used and their impacts on soil properties and crop yield in organic farming systems.
Games and the Communication of Ecosystem Services to Non-Scientific AudiencesCrimsonpublishersMCDA
Scientific results should also be disseminated to non-scientific audience. Communication and knowledge exchange are, generally, not treated as priority for scientists possibly due to lack of time, interest or reward. There are funds such as Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Research Support in the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) that require knowledge exchange to non-scientific audiences as a condition for project acceptance. We conducted an environmental education activity through an active learning method in a high school of Rio de Janeiro. The aim of the game was to explain activity concepts of environmental resources management, tragedy of commons, tipping point and reproduction rate. The game was focused on fisheries, but similar concepts are used in the management of other commons such as water, air, and increasingly soils. The activity and the results are presented in a short video.
Evaluation and Breeding of Lowland Rice Varieties for their Yield and Toleran...CrimsonpublishersMCDA
This document summarizes a study that evaluated rice varieties for yield and tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses in Benin and Togo. 1901 rice lines were tested across two sites representing lowland ecologies. Key parameters like tillering, height, flowering time, and tolerance to drought, iron toxicity, blast disease, and insects were measured. Statistical analysis identified lines from crosses between local and improved varieties that showed good performance under stresses and suitable growth cycles. These lines have potential for genetic improvement of rice in West Africa.
Ribosomal Proteins and their Extra Ribosomal Functions in Abiotic Stress Tole...CrimsonpublishersMCDA
Ribosomal proteins (RPs) that include both small (RPS) and large subunit (RPL) proteins have been known to be involved in several very important functions in ribosome assembly, protein synthesis and other cellular functions in association with several other components [1]. The composition of ribosomal protein subunits that are involved in ribosome assembly is heterogeneous [2] indicating clearly that individual subunit protein components have functions also in phenomena like stress tolerance. Although each RP gene has multiple paralogs, the expression of all of them is differentially required for normal development with some of them functioning in spatio-temporal and signal-induced manner while others exhibit binding properties. The expression of ribosomal proteins has been shown to be regulated by various environmental cues and treatments with signaling molecules [3,4]. The involvement of ribosomal proteins in extra ribosomal functions in animal systems has been well documented [5].
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Scenario of Chilli Production and Hindrances Faced by the Growers of Sindh Pr...CrimsonpublishersMCDA
Chilli (Capsicum annum/Capsicum frutescens L.) is a valuable cash crop in Pakistan and globally. Chilli native to America, were brought to sub-continent by the Portuguese traders from Brazil. In Pakistan, Sind is the major cultivator of chilli crop followed by the Punjab and Baluchistan. It is not only used as food but also used as main flavouring spice in the country cuisine. Pakistan was the fifth largest exporter but facing continues decline in its production due to various problems. Higher Aflatoxin level (40-300ppm) is also one the serious reasons behind declining export. Pests (whitefly, aphids, thrips, mites and heliothis) and pathogens (dieback, damping-off, CMV, powdery and downy mildews) are the main culprits in declining the national chilli production. In view of the mentioned problems we need strict strategy to overcome all these issues in order to increase our export and economy.
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Urban Farming Using Upcycling Technique of Brassica rapa L. Cv (Pechay Tagalo...CrimsonpublishersMCDA
This document summarizes a study on using upcycling techniques to grow Brassica rapa L., commonly known as Pechay, in Manila, Philippines. 180 Pechay stems and 180 Pechay seeds were planted in recycled Styrofoam boxes with loam soil. 128 of the Pechay stems (71% survival rate) and 177 of the Pechay seeds (98.33% survival rate) survived. While both methods were successful, the Pechay seeds had a higher survival rate. The study demonstrated that upcycling food waste through urban farming is an effective way to address food scarcity and promote nutrition in urban areas.
Wild Boar: A Threat to Europe’s Pig Industry by Cristina Castillo in Modern C...CrimsonpublishersMCDA
Since 2014 the African Swine Fever (ASF), is advancing through wild boar to Spain from Eastern European countries (Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Poland, borders of Austria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia and northern Hungary). Officially, according with the European Commission this disease was eradicated in France (1974), Mainland Italy (1993), Belgium (1985)., Netherlands (1986), Spain (1994) and Portugal (1999). But the threaten has emerged again. From the point of view of Animal Health, an alert has been issued at European level prohibiting exports of this type of animals, whether live or dead, especially their by-products. Recently, at the end of February 2019, wild boars affected by this disease were found at frontiers of Belgium, Luxembourg and France. Although the disease is not transmissible to humans, we want to make an appeal here, because the transmission of the disease to any pig farm would cause a health alarm, having to empty the farm, with the enormous economic loss that this would entail for the farm. In this article we analyze what the African Swine Pest is, the role played by the overpopulation of wild boar in its distribution and the preventive measures to be adopted.
Pineapple: Potential Source of Proteolytic Enzymes for Degumming of Raw Silk ...CrimsonpublishersMCDA
Pineapple is a well-known reservoir of proteases. Treatment of silk skeins with pineapple juice resulted in degumming of the fibers leading to unmasking of the lustrous inner layer. The juice obtained from raw pineapple was subjected to concentration by saturation with 85% ammonium sulfate. The proteolytic activity of the juice as well as the concentrate was found to effectively degum the skein. The proteases were optimally active at pH 6.6, and 50-55 C. Treatment of the skein with 5U of proteolytic activity at 50 C and pH 6.6 for 120min resulted in weight loss to an extent of 17-18.5%. Release of peptides and amino acids, arginine, histidine and aromatic amino acids was monitored during the process of degumming. The rate of release of peptides and amino acids was relatively higher till 90-120min, reducing thereafter. The enzymatically degummed skeins were found to be more lustrous in comparison to untreated skeins. Conventionally, raw silk skeins are chemically treated to impart luster to the fiber. Enzymatically degummed fibers displayed smoother texture and improved stretch ability in comparison to chemically decoated skeins. Use of pineapple in silk manufacture may boost the agronomy in tropical regions where it is grown extensively.
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Rehabilitation of Salt-Affected Soil Through Residues Incorporation and Its I...CrimsonpublishersMCDA
A two year field study was conducted on a permanent layout to investigate the effect of crop residues (CR) incorporation and P application (0, 40, 80, 120kg P2O5 ha-1) on rehabilitation of saline soil (ECe=4.59 dS m-1; pH=8.38; CaCO3=3.21%; Extractable P=4.07mg kg-1; sandy clay loam) during 2011-12. The experiment was laid out according to split plot design with three replications. Planting of direct seeded rice (DSR) with and without crop residue incorporation @2ton ha-1 were placed in main plots and P application was in sub plots. Data on productive tillers, panicle length, paddy/grain and straw yields was collected. Soil was sampled (0-15cm) before initiation and after the harvest of last crop. On an average of two years, maximum productive tillers (18), panicle length (33), paddy yield (3.26t ha-1) and was produced with P application @ 80kg P2O5 ha-1 along with CR incorporation. Similarly in case of wheat grown after DSR, maximum tillers (17), spike length (17), grain panicle-1 (66) and grain yield (3.56t ha-1) were produced with P application @80kg P2O5 ha-1 along with CR incorporation. Although, the growth and yield contributing parameters with this treatment (80kg P2O5 ha-1+CR) performed statistically equal to 120kg P2O5 ha-1 without CR incorporation during both the years, but on an average of two years, grain yield of DSR and wheat was significantly superior (22 and 24% respectively) than that of higher P rate (120kg ha-1) without CR. Overall, continuous two year CR incorporation further increased (17%) paddy yields during the follow up year of crop harvest. Higher concentration of P, K and Ca2+ in both DSR and wheat plant tissues was found where 80kg P2O5 ha-1 was applied along with CR incorporation or 120kg P2O5 ha-1 alone while Na+ and Mg2+ concentration decreased with CR incorporation and increasing P rate. The soil salinity was decreased and fertility was improved significantly after two years of study.
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The 28th African Union Summit declared “Harnessing the Demographic Dividend through investments in youth” as its theme, which connects the “Agenda 2063” that offers a comprehensive development vision for Africa. Regardless, African youth faces numerous challenges and opportunities in the fields of skills training, technology, entrepreneurship, agribusiness, advocacy, and political involvement. Hopes that Africa’s dramatic population bulge may create prosperity seem to have been overdone. It is time for development economists to look beyond the stylized facts to the dire realities of Africa’s frustrated youth and burgeoning informal economies. Although development economists talk about a demographic dividend for the continent of Africa, however, what the continent has now is not a ‘dividend’ but a youth population ‘bulge’.
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Phytoremediation, a Biotechnology with Important Applications by Vanesa Pérez...CrimsonpublishersMCDA
This document discusses the use of phytoremediation, a biotechnology that uses plants, to remove pollutants from soil and water. It notes that pollution from both natural and human sources negatively impacts ecosystems. While water treatment removes some toxic elements, the treatments are often too expensive for developing areas. As an alternative, phytoremediation uses plants that can uptake contaminants like arsenic, heavy metals, and organic compounds from soil and water. However, the technique still faces technical challenges and needs optimization to become cost-effective for treating polluted sites and ensuring water quality. Further research on plant species and agronomic practices could help consolidate phytoremediation's role in environmental remediation.
The Role of Advanced Technology in Agricultural Innovation by Ikpe-etim Natha...CrimsonpublishersMCDA
In many countries of the world, technology plays a leading role in the transformation of businesses. This study adopts a survey of literature in agriculture sector and gives certain recommendations which are evolved after descriptive analysis of literature. After systematic review of literature in Chinese, Pakistani and Nigerian context, our paper describes that agricultural policy and agricultural funding are connected to many problems in agriculture field and needs social and strategic steps to be taken particularly in Nigeria. The way observed by the study includes increased budgetary allocation for agriculture, adding a line of technological development, and expansion to social responsiveness in Agricultural Motor Mechanics and Tractors Operators Training Centres (AMMOTRAC). Our study has theoretical implications in social, technology and business research and has practical implication regarding liaison and funding cooperation among the Research and Development (R&D) Agencies.
https://crimsonpublishers.com/mcda/fulltext/MCDA.000576.php
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Camelina sativa Biodiesel Cope the Burning Issue of Global Worming; Current S...CrimsonpublishersMCDA
Camelina sativa possesses high potential for biodiesel and ethanol production. It has more biodiesel potential per unit area of land than many other crops with minimum usage of inputs. This is very useful for effective spring moisture utilization. Biofuels appear to be a potential alternative “greener” energy substitute for fossil fuels. About 84% savings in GHG emissions were obtained with camelina jet fuel, compared with petroleum jet fuel. This shift from fossil fuels to biofuels has the potential to reduce global warming emissions, lessen the country’s dependence on petroleum import and create new jobs for rural and urban communities.
https://crimsonpublishers.com/mcda/fulltext/MCDA.000573.php
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Use of Seagrasses as Natural Forage Source for Small Ruminants: The Example o...CrimsonpublishersMCDA
The search for new sources of food that contribute to the optimization of livestock production is urgently needed, especially in the Spanish SE where rainfall is increasingly scarce and land degradation makes grazing of small ruminants difficult. This work provides in vivo and in vitro data on the nutritional composition, digestibility, inputs in sheep and goats.
https://crimsonpublishers.com/mcda/fulltext/MCDA.000572.php
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Need for Shift from Hypothesis to Data Driven Approach in Fisheries Research-...CrimsonpublishersMCDA
Science is not changing every day, but our understanding. Through systematic research based on hypothesis, scientists give a lead towards possible truth. With more and more such hypothesis, we can go nearer to the truth. In all fields of research, it is customary to design research based on hypothesis. Scientists test their hypothesis using suitable test statistics and arrive at some conclusion. But the technical, economic feasibility and replicability of such results will decide the rate of its adoptability. The results of sample survey, hypothesis-based research may go wrong in many instances. Intricacies between parameters in a dynamic aquatic system are so complex. This leads us to conclude the results with certain assumptions and conditions. These conditions and assumptions limit the translation of knowledge into reality. When dealing with system level research, developing and under developed countries cannot afford to waste time and money on hypothesis. Due to the advancement information technology, huge data can be collected, processed which enabled better understanding of correlations between parameters and results can be predicted with precisely. If the research shifts from hypothesis to data driven approach, most of the results can directly applied in the intended field. The results of Data Driven Approach in Research (DDAR) will play vital role in designing developmental programs and policy making. DDAR also attracts funding support from industries and more technology will move to the field.
Removal of Cr (VI) Through the Use of the Agroindustrial Residue of the Perse...CrimsonpublishersMCDA
We analyzed the Chromium (VI) removal capacity in aqueous solution by the Persea americana biomass, using the diphenyl carbazide method to evaluate the metal concentration. Biosorption at different pH (1, 2, 3, and 4) was evaluate for different times. We too studied the effect of temperature in the range of 28 to 60 °C and the removal at different initial concentrations of Cr (VI) of 200 to 1000mg/L. Therefore, the highest biosorption of the metal (50mg/L) occurs within 270 minutes, at pH of 1.0 and 28 °C. According to temperature, the highest removal was observing at 60 °C, in 45 minutes, when the metal is completely adsorbed. At the analyzed concentrations of Cr (VI), fungal biomass, showed excellent removal capacity, besides it removes efficiently the metal in situ (100% removal in earth and water contaminated, after 5 and 6 days of incubation, 5 and 10g of biomass, 10g of earth and 100mL of water; so, it can be used to eliminate it from industrial wastewater.
https://crimsonpublishers.com/mcda/fulltext/MCDA.000570.php
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Soil Tillage Systems Impact on Energy Use Pattern and Economic Profitability ...CrimsonpublishersMCDA
The role of energy management is important and essential in sustainability of production systems. The aims of this study were evaluated the impact of different soil tillage on energy use in wheat agroecosystems. To purpose this research was carried on 2014 to 2016 years in research farm of Razi University in western Iran. The result of this study showed that total energy used in NT, RT, and CT systems was 31.39, 32.85, and 35.16GJha-1. In the other hands, production energy in NT, RT, and CT systems was 200.14, 207.68, and 195.26GJha-1. Accordingly, energy use efficiency (EUE) in NT, RT, and CT systems was 6.38, 6.32, and 5.55. Therefore, amount of EUE of different tillage systems followed the order of NT>RT>CT systems. In this research profitability of NT, RT, and CT systems were 3.23, 2.96, and 2.59. This result showed that more use of machinery and operation due to more use of energy resource can be reduced EUE, Net energy and profitability of agroecosystems.
https://crimsonpublishers.com/mcda/fulltext/MCDA.000569.php
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ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
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There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
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Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
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to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
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9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
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Stable Isotope Analysis as a Tool to Determine Nitrogen Fertilizer Source
1. Stable Isotope Analysis as a Tool to
Determine Nitrogen Fertilizer Source
Marlee A Trandel1
*, Penelope Perkins Veazie1
and S Alan Walters2
1
Department of Horticultural, Science, North Carolina State University, USA
2
Department of Plant, Soil, and Agricultural Systems, Southern Illinois University-Carbondale
USA
Introduction
Nitrogen is critical for vegetable crops to maximize productivity, and the assimilation of
this nutrient by plants is important because it directly influences plant growth, development
and stable N isotopic patterns. Nitrogen fractionates into the stable isotopes of either 14
N or
15
N, and often depends on the fertilizer source applied to the soil [1,2]. These fractionation
events will provide differences in plant isotopic responses which are directly influenced by
inorganic or organic fertilizers. Inorganic fertilizers are generally comprised into 14
N, the
lighter and more abundant form of nitrogen, while organic fertilizers, manures and composts
arecomposedoftheheavierform,15
N[1,2].Inorganicnitrogenfertilizersgenerallyincreasethe
amount of 14
N in plant foliage and fruit [3]. Plants fertilized with mixed N forms (inorganic and
organic) will have similar 15
N/14
N isotopic ratios. As the demand for organic crops continue to
increase,bothorganiccertificationagenciesandconsumersrequireassurancethat organically
labeled products have been grown using organic methods. Organic nitrogen management is
fundamental to organic label compliance. Fingerprinting crops to detect organic or inorganic
fertilizer use can be done by determining nitrogen (N) stable isotope values. The 15
N/14
N
ratios in corresponding plant parts provide a useful tool to differentiate among plants grown
with various N fertilization methods [2]. Therefore, N stable isotope analysis can be used as
an objective test to differentiate between organic and inorganic fertilized crops [3]. However,
more research is needed to gain a better understanding of 15
N/14
N isotopic ratios in various
vegetable crops grown under different fertilization systems. This information will potentially
benefit the organic industry by giving an accurate assessment regarding if the appropriate
nitrogen fertilization systems were utilized during production. Thus, a stable N isotope study
was initiated to determine the effect of various N fertilizer regimes on tomatoes, since this
crop is a heavy nutrient feeder and requires large amounts of N to maximize fruit yields.
Crimson Publishers
Wings to the Research
Research Article
*Corresponding author: Marlee A Tran-
del, 600 Laureate Way, Plants for Human
Health Institute, Department of Horticul-
tural Sciences, North Carolina State Univer-
sity, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
Submission: August 02, 2019
Published: August 22, 2019
Volume 5 - Issue 1
How to cite this article: Marlee A
Trandel, Penelope Perkins Veazie, S Alan
Walters. Stable Isotope Analysis as a
Tool to Determine Nitrogen Fertilizer
Source. Mod Concep Dev Agrono.5(1).
MCDA.000603.2019.
DOI: 10.31031/MCDA.2019.05.000603
Copyright@ Marlee A Trandel, This
article is distributed under the terms of
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International License, which permits
unrestricted use and redistribution
provided that the original author and
source are credited.
ISSN: 2637-7659
492
Modern Concepts & Developments in Agronomy
Abstract
Fingerprinting crops to detect organic or inorganic fertilizer use can be done by determining nitrogen
(N) stable isotope values. In previous research, crops grown with organic N had higher amounts of 15
N
while those grown with inorganic N were higher in 14
N. This information may be useful to follow plant
demands and N requirements of heavy N feeding crops like tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and lead
to more efficient N inputs. A greenhouse experiment was conducted with ‘Better Bush’ tomatoes us-
ing four soil fertility treatments consisting of a) inorganic fertilization [Miracle Grow®; 24N-4P-13K], b)
organic fertilization [bonemeal (6N-8P-0K), bloodmeal (12N-0P-0K), liquid Earth juice (2N-1P-1K) and
25% vermicompost]; c) mixed fertilization [Miracle Grow® with 25% vermicompost] and d) control [no
fertilization].
Plant vigor assessment ratings clearly showed significant differences with the applied N source (i.e., none,
organic and inorganic). Nitrogen isotopes of tomato leaflets, fruit peels and juice differed among treat-
ments. The 15
N was highest in plants from organic fertilization with vermicompost treatment, lower in
those from the mix of inorganic and vermicompost, and absent in tissues from plants grown with inor-
ganic N fertilizer. Nitrogen isotopes can be easily determined from dry plant material for a low monetary
cost, offer a means of screening for nitrogen fertilization source, and may assist with the organic certifi-
cation process. For tomato, dried mature leaflets or fruit peels are recommended for nitrogen stable iso-
tope analysis. Nitrogen isotopes may slightly vary dependent upon tomato varieties grown or with those
that have been grafted, and further research needs to compare N isotopic values from different tomato
varieties and/or grafting treatments to better highlight N isotopic patterns.
Keywords: Organic agriculture; Organic certification; Tomato; Vermicompost