The document summarizes key aspects of socio-economic life and the decline of Spanish rule in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial era. It describes the social classes that emerged, including the peninsulares, insulares, ilustrados, and indios. It also discusses the spread of Christianity and systems of taxation, labor, and land ownership implemented by the Spanish. The rise of the ilustrados and propagation movement challenged Spanish rule, leading to the establishment of revolutionary groups like the Katipunan and eventual declaration of Philippine independence in 1898.

1. Philippine
Spanish Colonial
Era
Squad# 4
Jeremiah Pua, Jeremy Tan,
Aaron Ng, Matt Ibasco,
Jules Marcelino (kIA)

2. Socio-Economic
Life

3. Social Classes
• Peninsulares - Full-blooded Spanish living in the
Philippines and born in Spain.
• Insulares - Full-blooded Spanish living in the
Philippines and born in the Philippines as well.
• Ilustrados(The Enlightened Ones) - Wealthy group of
individuals born in the Philippines and were able to
study abroad.
• Chinese/Spanish Mestizos - People with mixed racial
origins and economically sufficient.

4. • Indio - Native/Full-blooded Filipinos.
• Sangley - Full-blooded Chinese living in the Philippines.

5. Social Pyramid
Indio/Sangley
Chinese/Spanish Mestizos
Ilustrados
Peninsulares/
Insulares

6. Roman Catholicism in the
Philippines
• Magellan's Arrival to the islands of the Philippines mark the
first attempt to convert the Filipinos to Christianity. This
conversion was received by mixed responses.
• Most of the Filipinos received the conversion with open arms,
and were happily converted to Christianity. Some did not like
the conversion, such as Lapu-Lapu.
• He did not believe that the Filipinos needed to change, so he
killed Magellan, making him the first ever Philippine hero.
• Thats not to say that Christianity should not have been spread
to our country, because if not, the Philippines would mostly be
a Muslim country

7. •After Magellan, the Spanish sent Miguel Lopez de
Legaspi to the Philippines, and he conquered the
Muslim settlement in Manila during 1570.
•The religion slowly spread throughout the
Philippines, evident in present Filipinos, most of
whom are Christians.

8. Spread of Christianity in
the Philippines
• Mass Baptism - Baptizing the Filipinos is very large groups at
once. It is said that the Filipinos interpreted Baptism as
healing, which relies on the presence of Holy Water.
• Reduccion Policy - Moving small groups of Filipino settlements
into one, large town. This was to regulate the Filipinos, and
teach them the basics of Christianity.
• Early Attitude of the Spanish Clergy - early on, the Spanish
clergy was forced to learn the Filipinos' native language if they
want to teach them. Without Spanish schools, the priests were
forced to say Mass in the Filipinos' native languages.

9. •Adaptation of Christianity to the local culture -
The Filipinos believed in spirits, which were
responsible for the good, and bad.
•They had statues and altars, all of which were
destroyed by the Spaniards.
•They replaced them with Christian adaptations of
their early beliefs, and used theatrical
presentations of Bible stories to appeal the
Filipinos.

10. Mercantilist System
•A economic theory and policy influential in
Europe from the 16th to the 18th century that
called for government regulation of a nation's
economy in order to increase its power at the
expense of rival nations.
•Mercantilism's emphasis on the importance of
gold and silver holdings as a sign of a nation's
wealth and power led to policies designed to
obtain precious metals through trade

11. Taxation System
•Cedula Tax - A form of taxation implemented in
1884. This served as a paper which was used as
proof that one was a colony of Spain and a
legitimate member of a pueblo. Before, Filipinos
and Chinese only had to pay tribute, but it was
revised that all residents of the Philippines were
obliged to pay the cedula.

12. Bandala System
•A form of direct taxes that the spaniards
implemented in which the natives were coerced to
sell their products to the government at very low
prices.

13. Kasama System
•Under this arrangement, the landowners supplied
the seed and cash necessary to tide cultivators
over during the planting season, whereas the
cultivators provided tools and work animals and
were responsible for one-half the expense of crop
production.
•Usually, owner and sharecropper each took one-
half of the harvest, although only after the former
deducted a portion for expenses.

14. Polo y Servicio
•A system of forced labor for 40 days for men
ranging from 16 to 60 years of age who were
obligated to give personal services to community
projects. One could be exempted from polo by
paying the falla (corruption of the Spanish Falta,
meaning "absence") daily.

15. • Bahala Na- It comes from the words "Bathala Na" more
or less meaning "Leave It To God' or "Come What
May". It means that we are defeatist in our attitude to
life and we are only willing to do as much as what is
necessary.
• Padrino System- It is the value system where one gains
favor, promotion or political appointment through
family affiliation or friendship, as opposed to one's
merit.
• Veneration Of Saints- It is the special act of honoring a
saint. It is often shown outwardly by respectfully
bowing or making a sign of the cross before a saint's
icon relics or statues. It is practiced by Catholic
Churches.

16. •Praying of the Rosary- It is the act of recalling in
a prayerful manner, the life of Jesus in which it is
categorized into several mysteries, whose names
are according to the emotion during those periods
of Christ’s life.

17. Decline of the
Spanish Rule

18. The Rise of the Ilustrados
• In 1781, the Philippines was now administered directly from
Spain. Developments in and out of the country helped to bring
new ideas to the Philippines.
• The opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 cut travel time to
Spain. This prompted the rise of the Ilustrados, an enlightened
Filipino upper class, since many young Filipinos were able to
study in Europe.
• Enlightened by the Propaganda Movement to the injustices of
the Spanish colonial government and the "frailocracy", the
Ilustrados originally clamored for adequate representation to
the Spanish Cortes and later for independence.

19. •José Rizal, the most celebrated intellectual and
radical Ilustrado of the era, wrote the novels Noli
Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo, which greatly
inspired the movement for independence.
•The Philippine Revolution began in 1896. Rizal
was implicated in the outbreak of the revolution
and executed for treason in 1896.

20. The Propaganda
Movement
• The Propaganda Movement (1872-1892) called for the
assimilation of the Philippines as a province of Spain so
that the same laws will be applied in the Philippines
and that the inhabitants of the Philippines will
experience the same civil liberties and rights as that of a
Spanish citizen.
• Men like Marcelo H. del Pilar, Graciano Lopez Jaena,
and Jose Rizal bombarded both the Spanish and
Filipino public with nationalist literature. Rizal's novels
Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo became the
bibles of Philippine nationalism.

21. •In February 15, 1889, the Filipino propagandists
were able to get together behind a new publication
in Barcelona which they called La Solidaridad,
and which for its more than five years of its
existence became the principal organ of the
propaganda movement.
•It aimed mainly to advocate the Filipino cause at
the Spanish parliament.
•As the movement was failing in Europe, Jose Rizal
returned to the Philippines and created his
La Liga Filipina in 1892. It also failed after his
arrest a just few days after the creation of the
group.

22. The Katipunan
•On the night of July 7, 1892, when Rizal was
banished and exiled to Dapitan in Mindanao,
Andrés Bonifacio, a member of the La Liga
Filipina, founded the Katipunan in a house in
Tondo, Manila.
•Bonifacio did establish the Katipunan when it was
becoming apparent to anti-Spanish Filipinos that
societies like the La Liga Filipina would be
suppressed by colonial authorities

23. •The men gathered around a flickering table lamp,
performed the ancient blood compact, and signed
their membership papers with their own blood.
•It was agreed to win more members to the society
by means of the triangle method in which an
original member would take in two new members
who did not know each other, but knew only the
original member who took them in.
•Thus, original member A, for instance, would take
in new members B and C. Both B and C knew A,
but B and C did not know each other.

24. Declaration of
Independence
• In the presence of a huge crowd, independence was proclaimed
on June 12, 1898 between four and five in the afternoon in
Cavite at the ancestral home of General Emilio Aguinaldo
some 30 kilometers South of Manila.
• The event saw the unfurling of the National Flag of the
Philippines, made in Hong Kong by Marcela Agoncillo,
Lorenza Agoncillo, and Delfina Herboza, and the performance
of the Marcha Filipina Magdalo, as the Nation's National
Anthem, now known as Lupang Hinirang, which was
composed by Julián Felipe and played by the San Francisco de
Malabon marching band.