Cryogenic grinding in food is a very new technique. It has a vast advantages over the conventional grinding process. This presentation contents a brief introduction about conventional grinding, different types of grinders and problems of conventional grinders. Its also describe a brief introduction about cryogenic grinding, its components, uses and various advantages.
The document discusses vacuum frying processes and compares it to traditional frying methods. It covers:
1. The stages of vacuum frying including depressurization, frying and de-oiling, and pressurization.
2. Factors that affect vacuum frying like process parameters, product characteristics, and oil properties.
3. Changes that occur in products and oils during vacuum frying versus traditional frying methods, such as lower oil uptake and improved quality parameters in vacuum fried foods.
The document provides an overview of vacuum frying technology and key considerations in optimizing vacuum frying processes for different food products.
Superhydrophobic coatings can be created using various methods to produce rough surfaces that cause water to bead up into nearly spherical droplets rather than forming a continuous film. Such coatings have contact angles over 150 degrees, low slide angles under 10 degrees, and self-cleaning and non-sticking properties. They are being researched for applications like anti-fouling, anti-condensation, and anti-corrosion coatings through methods like layer-by-layer assembly, sol-gel processing, etching, and others. However, scaling these superhydrophobic surfaces from the lab to practical applications remains a technological challenge.
Glass is an inorganic product of fusion that has cooled to a rigid condition without crystallizing. Glass is typically hard and brittle, and has a conchoidal fracture. A glass may be colorless or colored. It is usually transparent, but may be made translucent or opaque (such as in white, opal glass). Objects made of glass are loosely and popularly referred to as glass; such as glass for a tumbler, a barometer, a window, a magnifier, or a mirror. The subject of studying glass in materials science is an important part.
Electroplating, Phosphating, Powder Coating and Metal Finishing Ajjay Kumar Gupta
Electroplating, Phosphating, Powder Coating and Metal Finishing (Electroplating Plant, Copper Plating, Electroforming, Brass Plating, Silver Plating, Tin-Nickel Alloy Plating, Gold Plating (Gilding), Cadmium Plating, Zinc Plating)
Electroplating is a process that uses electric current to reduce dissolved metal cations so that they form a thin coherent metal coating on an electrode. The term is also used for electrical oxidation of anions onto a solid substrate, as in the formation silver chloride on silver wire to make silver/silver-chloride electrodes. Electroplating is primarily used to change the surface properties of an object (e.g. abrasion and wear resistance, corrosion protection, lubricity, aesthetic qualities, etc.), but may also be used to build up thickness on undersized parts or to form objects by electroforming.
See more
https://goo.gl/bKk1XU
https://goo.gl/5QasBV
https://goo.gl/sBmyLI
Contact us:
Niir Project Consultancy Services
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
Electroplating Plant, Automatic Equipment, Surface Coatings and Treatments, Electroplating and Coating Plants, Electroplating Plant Equipment, Powder Coating Plants, Powder Coating Equipments, How to Start Powder Coating Business, Powder Coating Business Plan, Business Plan on Powder Coating, Start Powder Coating Business, Start High Profit Powder Coating Business, Starting Metal Polishing Business, Electroplating Business, Gold Plating Business, How to Start Metal Plating Business, Starting Zinc Plating Business, How to Start Electroplating Business, How to Start Metal Finishing Business, Starting Metal Polishing Business, Metal Finishing Industry, Business Plans for Metal Finishing, Zinc Plating Process, Zinc Plating Plant, Electroplating Plant for Acid Zinc, Electroplating Plant Equipment, Fixed Sequence Automatic Plating Plant, Trojan and Gem Type Automatic Plant, Vulcan Lattice Arm Type Automatic Plant, Titan Type Automatic Plant, Digit Pivoted Arm Type Automatic Plant, Straight-Through Type Automatic Plant, Methods of Transporter Control, Microprocessor and Computer Control, Semi-Automatic Plating Plant, Barrel Planting Plant, Suitability of Articles for Barrel Plating, Glydo/Glydette Barrel Plating Equipment, Calculation of Work Loads, Manual Planting Plant, Single Station Barrel Plating Units, Modular Plant and Specialised Equipment for Electronics Industry, Electroplating Equipment, Welded Steel Tanks, Plastic Tanks Reinforced with Glass Fibre, Tank Lining Materials, Glass Fibre (GRP) Tanks, Treatment of Rubber Linings, Ilex Grade Plastic Lined Tanks, Galvanised Steel Coils, Lead and Lead Alloy Coils, Titanium Coils, Metal Cased Heaters, Teflon Immersion Heaters, Silica Cased Heaters
Cold Plasma- non thermal technology for food processing.asima shafi
This document provides a seminar report on cold plasma technology for food processing. It discusses:
1. What cold plasma is and how it is generated at near room temperature for food applications.
2. Recent trends in using cold plasma for various food applications beyond microbial decontamination such as functionalization and waste processing.
3. The chemistry involved in cold plasma including homogeneous gas-phase reactions and heterogeneous reactions at surfaces.
4. The different types of cold plasma systems including remote, direct, and atmospheric pressure systems.
Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is a machining process that uses electrical sparks to remove material from a conductive workpiece. EDM works by producing sparks between an electrode tool and the workpiece submerged in a dielectric fluid, which erodes away tiny amounts of material. This allows EDM to machine very hard or brittle materials and create complex shapes regardless of material hardness. EDM provides a high-precision, burr-free finish and can machine thin walls and small features. Wire cut EDM is a similar process that uses a continuously moving thin wire as the electrode to cut intricate shapes.
Cryogenic grinding in food is a very new technique. It has a vast advantages over the conventional grinding process. This presentation contents a brief introduction about conventional grinding, different types of grinders and problems of conventional grinders. Its also describe a brief introduction about cryogenic grinding, its components, uses and various advantages.
The document discusses vacuum frying processes and compares it to traditional frying methods. It covers:
1. The stages of vacuum frying including depressurization, frying and de-oiling, and pressurization.
2. Factors that affect vacuum frying like process parameters, product characteristics, and oil properties.
3. Changes that occur in products and oils during vacuum frying versus traditional frying methods, such as lower oil uptake and improved quality parameters in vacuum fried foods.
The document provides an overview of vacuum frying technology and key considerations in optimizing vacuum frying processes for different food products.
Superhydrophobic coatings can be created using various methods to produce rough surfaces that cause water to bead up into nearly spherical droplets rather than forming a continuous film. Such coatings have contact angles over 150 degrees, low slide angles under 10 degrees, and self-cleaning and non-sticking properties. They are being researched for applications like anti-fouling, anti-condensation, and anti-corrosion coatings through methods like layer-by-layer assembly, sol-gel processing, etching, and others. However, scaling these superhydrophobic surfaces from the lab to practical applications remains a technological challenge.
Glass is an inorganic product of fusion that has cooled to a rigid condition without crystallizing. Glass is typically hard and brittle, and has a conchoidal fracture. A glass may be colorless or colored. It is usually transparent, but may be made translucent or opaque (such as in white, opal glass). Objects made of glass are loosely and popularly referred to as glass; such as glass for a tumbler, a barometer, a window, a magnifier, or a mirror. The subject of studying glass in materials science is an important part.
Electroplating, Phosphating, Powder Coating and Metal Finishing Ajjay Kumar Gupta
Electroplating, Phosphating, Powder Coating and Metal Finishing (Electroplating Plant, Copper Plating, Electroforming, Brass Plating, Silver Plating, Tin-Nickel Alloy Plating, Gold Plating (Gilding), Cadmium Plating, Zinc Plating)
Electroplating is a process that uses electric current to reduce dissolved metal cations so that they form a thin coherent metal coating on an electrode. The term is also used for electrical oxidation of anions onto a solid substrate, as in the formation silver chloride on silver wire to make silver/silver-chloride electrodes. Electroplating is primarily used to change the surface properties of an object (e.g. abrasion and wear resistance, corrosion protection, lubricity, aesthetic qualities, etc.), but may also be used to build up thickness on undersized parts or to form objects by electroforming.
See more
https://goo.gl/bKk1XU
https://goo.gl/5QasBV
https://goo.gl/sBmyLI
Contact us:
Niir Project Consultancy Services
106-E, Kamla Nagar, Opp. Spark Mall,
New Delhi-110007, India.
Email: npcs.ei@gmail.com , info@entrepreneurindia.co
Tel: +91-11-23843955, 23845654, 23845886, 8800733955
Mobile: +91-9811043595
Website: www.entrepreneurindia.co , www.niir.org
Tags
Electroplating Plant, Automatic Equipment, Surface Coatings and Treatments, Electroplating and Coating Plants, Electroplating Plant Equipment, Powder Coating Plants, Powder Coating Equipments, How to Start Powder Coating Business, Powder Coating Business Plan, Business Plan on Powder Coating, Start Powder Coating Business, Start High Profit Powder Coating Business, Starting Metal Polishing Business, Electroplating Business, Gold Plating Business, How to Start Metal Plating Business, Starting Zinc Plating Business, How to Start Electroplating Business, How to Start Metal Finishing Business, Starting Metal Polishing Business, Metal Finishing Industry, Business Plans for Metal Finishing, Zinc Plating Process, Zinc Plating Plant, Electroplating Plant for Acid Zinc, Electroplating Plant Equipment, Fixed Sequence Automatic Plating Plant, Trojan and Gem Type Automatic Plant, Vulcan Lattice Arm Type Automatic Plant, Titan Type Automatic Plant, Digit Pivoted Arm Type Automatic Plant, Straight-Through Type Automatic Plant, Methods of Transporter Control, Microprocessor and Computer Control, Semi-Automatic Plating Plant, Barrel Planting Plant, Suitability of Articles for Barrel Plating, Glydo/Glydette Barrel Plating Equipment, Calculation of Work Loads, Manual Planting Plant, Single Station Barrel Plating Units, Modular Plant and Specialised Equipment for Electronics Industry, Electroplating Equipment, Welded Steel Tanks, Plastic Tanks Reinforced with Glass Fibre, Tank Lining Materials, Glass Fibre (GRP) Tanks, Treatment of Rubber Linings, Ilex Grade Plastic Lined Tanks, Galvanised Steel Coils, Lead and Lead Alloy Coils, Titanium Coils, Metal Cased Heaters, Teflon Immersion Heaters, Silica Cased Heaters
Cold Plasma- non thermal technology for food processing.asima shafi
This document provides a seminar report on cold plasma technology for food processing. It discusses:
1. What cold plasma is and how it is generated at near room temperature for food applications.
2. Recent trends in using cold plasma for various food applications beyond microbial decontamination such as functionalization and waste processing.
3. The chemistry involved in cold plasma including homogeneous gas-phase reactions and heterogeneous reactions at surfaces.
4. The different types of cold plasma systems including remote, direct, and atmospheric pressure systems.
Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is a machining process that uses electrical sparks to remove material from a conductive workpiece. EDM works by producing sparks between an electrode tool and the workpiece submerged in a dielectric fluid, which erodes away tiny amounts of material. This allows EDM to machine very hard or brittle materials and create complex shapes regardless of material hardness. EDM provides a high-precision, burr-free finish and can machine thin walls and small features. Wire cut EDM is a similar process that uses a continuously moving thin wire as the electrode to cut intricate shapes.
Glass-ceramics are polycrystalline materials produced by controlled crystallization of specific glass compositions during heat treatment. They typically contain 50-95% crystalline phases with the remainder being residual glass. The crystallization process involves nucleation of small crystalline volumes followed by crystal growth. Several processing routes can be used, including conventional two-stage and single-stage heat treatments, petrurgic cooling, powder methods, and using sol-gel precursor glass. Glass-ceramics find applications in biomedical fields.
Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is a crucial technique in the fabrication of 3D metallic structures. It is increasingly being used worldwide to reduce cost and time. Generally, AM technology is used to overcome the limitations of traditional subtractive manufacturing (SM) for fabricating large-scale components with lower buy-to-fly ratios. It became interesting for scientists and manufacturers due to its ability to produce fully dense metal parts and large near-net-shape products. WAAM is mostly used in modern industries, like aerospace industry. There are three heat sources commonly used in WAAM: metal inert gas welding (MIG), tungsten inert gas welding (TIG), and plasma arc welding (PAW). MIG is easier and more convenient than TIG and PAW because it uses a continuous wire spool with the welding torch. Unlike MIG, tungsten inert gas welding (TIG) and plasma arc welding (PAW) need an external wire feed machine to supply the additive materials. WAAM is gaining popularity in the fabrication of 3D metal components, but the process is hard to control due to its inherent residual stress and distortion, which are generated by the high thermal input from its heat sources. Distortion and residual stress are always a challenge for WAAM because they can affect the component’s geometric accuracy and drastically degrade the mechanical properties of the components.
Nanofinishing techniques have been developed to achieve surface finishes on the nanometer scale for applications in electronics, optics, and other industries. Some key nanofinishing processes include magnetic abrasive finishing, magnetorheological finishing, elastic emission machining, magnetic float polishing, and ion beam machining. These processes use techniques such as magnetic fields, abrasives, and ion bombardment to remove material from surfaces at the atomic level and achieve roughness in the range of 0.1 to 7.6 nm. Nanofinishing enables high-precision machining for applications such as medical devices and computer components.
The document discusses various metal casting processes that use expendable molds. It describes sand casting as the most common casting method, where a sand mixture is packed around a pattern and then melted metal is poured in. Different types of patterns are discussed, including one-piece, split, match plate, and cope and drag patterns. The key molding sand ingredients and their properties are also summarized.
Ceramic materials are inorganic, non-metallic materials made from compounds of a metal and a non metal. Ceramic materials may be crystalline or partly crystalline.
The word ceramic comes from the Greek word keramiko of pottery" or for pottery from keramos.
Powder coatings have several advantages over liquid coatings including being more environmentally friendly by emitting near zero VOCs, producing less hazardous waste, and not requiring an oven for solvent evaporation. Powder coatings can also produce thicker, more uniform coatings in a single layer without runs or sags. They provide excellent corrosion resistance, mechanical performance, and a wide variety of finish options. Additionally, powder coating production has lower capital and operating costs than liquid coating lines due to less space needs, easier application requiring less training, and the ability to recycle overspray.
The document discusses electron beam lithography (EBL) for nano fabrication. EBL uses an electron beam to directly write nanoscale patterns on a resist-coated substrate. It allows for very high resolution down to 5 nm but has low throughput as it is a serial writing process. The key components of an EBL system include an electron gun, electron column for beam shaping and focusing, mechanical stage, wafer handling system, and control computer. EBL resists like PMMA can achieve high resolution but have limitations in sensitivity, etch resistance and thermal stability. EBL is widely used for research applications and mask making due to its high resolution, though it is too slow for high-volume manufacturing.
There are two main mechanisms by which microwaves generate heat in food - dipolar interaction and ionic interaction. Dipolar interaction involves the rotation of polar molecules like water according to the electromagnetic field, generating heat through molecular friction. Ionic interaction involves the acceleration of ions by the field, causing them to collide with other molecules. A microwave oven works by using a magnetron to generate microwaves at 2450MHz, which are directed into the cooking cavity and absorbed by food molecules to generate heat volumetrically. Factors like food composition, size, and shape can affect the heating rate. While microwaves provide a convenient cooking method, precautions are taken to ensure safety.
Surface treatment of metals is an important process that dates back thousands of years. It involves changing the surface properties of metals for purposes such as decoration, hardness, and corrosion prevention. Common surface treatment methods include case hardening to harden surfaces while leaving interiors soft, electroplating to deposit different metals on surfaces, and vapor deposition to apply coatings through chemical reactions with gases. Joining and cutting are also important manufacturing processes that involve combining or shaping materials.
Glass products are made through a process involving raw material preparation and melting, shaping, and heat treatment. There are different shaping methods for discrete pieces like bottles and continuous processes for sheet glass. After shaping, glass undergoes annealing or tempering for heat treatment. Product design considerations include glass's transparency, strength in compression over tension, and brittleness.
Plastic welding is a process that joins thermoplastic materials like polyethylene and polypropylene by heating them until they soften and fuse together. There are different types of plastic welding classified by their heating method, such as hot gas welding, laser welding, hot plate welding, and ultrasonic welding. Plastic welding has advantages like producing strong, air tight welds and being a fast and clean process, but also has disadvantages such as the weld being permanent and some processes being relatively slow. Plastic welding has applications in automotive parts, sensors, and other areas.
Powder metallurgy involves producing metal powders and using them to make parts. There are several methods for powder production, including mechanical, chemical, and physical methods. Mechanical methods involve milling or grinding metals into powders, while chemical methods reduce metal oxides using reducing agents. Physical methods like gas or water atomization involve spraying molten metal into a chamber to produce spherical powders. The properties of metal powders depend on factors like particle size, shape, density and flow characteristics, which influence the powder metallurgy process steps of mixing, compacting, and sintering to produce final parts.
Sheet metal basics- stretch forming- explosive formingPravinkumar
This document discusses various sheet metal forming processes. It describes operations like shearing, bending, drawing and stretch forming. It explains that sheet metal offers advantages of light weight and versatile shapes compared to casting/forging. Processes like explosive forming and magnetic pulse forming are also introduced for special sheet metal forming applications.
Liquid penetration inspection is a nondestructive testing method used to detect surface cracks and flaws in materials. It works by applying a liquid penetrant that seeps into surface openings, then applying a developer to draw the penetrant out of flaws so they are visible. The process involves cleaning, applying penetrant, allowing it to dwell, removing excess penetrant, applying developer, and inspecting under light. It can find flaws in both metallic and nonmetallic, magnetic and nonmagnetic materials. While effective for surface flaws, it cannot detect subsurface flaws so other methods may be needed.
Micro-drilling Using Step-forward MethodWaqas Ahmed
1. The document discusses micro-drilling using a step-forward feeding method to address issues with conventional micro-drilling such as tool breakage.
2. An experiment was conducted using different micro-drill diameters and step numbers to drill holes in steel workpieces with and without cutting oil.
3. The results showed that using step-forward feeding and cutting oil reduced cutting forces, burr formation, and tool damage compared to conventional micro-drilling without cutting oil.
Anodizing is an electrochemical process that converts the metal surface of aluminum to aluminum oxide. It produces a coating that is very durable, corrosion resistant, and maintains the metallic appearance of the aluminum. The anodizing process involves racking parts for processing, cleaning, etching, anodizing in an acid bath using electricity, coloring or sealing the pores, and testing to quality check the coating. Anodized aluminum has advantages like durability, low maintenance, and an environmentally friendly process.
The document discusses the high costs of corrosion in India and issues with current anti-corrosion coatings. It states that corrosion is a major maintenance cost over the lifespan of equipment. Current coatings require clean, dry surfaces with a profile for proper adhesion but are often applied to surfaces that are not properly prepared. This can cause adhesion and barrier issues, leading to coating failures and corrosion. The document recommends using coatings that are more surface tolerant and can perform even on rusty, damp or poorly prepared surfaces. It provides examples of applications of such high performance coatings in industries.
Glass-ceramics are polycrystalline materials produced by controlled crystallization of specific glass compositions during heat treatment. They typically contain 50-95% crystalline phases with the remainder being residual glass. The crystallization process involves nucleation of small crystalline volumes followed by crystal growth. Several processing routes can be used, including conventional two-stage and single-stage heat treatments, petrurgic cooling, powder methods, and using sol-gel precursor glass. Glass-ceramics find applications in biomedical fields.
Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) is a crucial technique in the fabrication of 3D metallic structures. It is increasingly being used worldwide to reduce cost and time. Generally, AM technology is used to overcome the limitations of traditional subtractive manufacturing (SM) for fabricating large-scale components with lower buy-to-fly ratios. It became interesting for scientists and manufacturers due to its ability to produce fully dense metal parts and large near-net-shape products. WAAM is mostly used in modern industries, like aerospace industry. There are three heat sources commonly used in WAAM: metal inert gas welding (MIG), tungsten inert gas welding (TIG), and plasma arc welding (PAW). MIG is easier and more convenient than TIG and PAW because it uses a continuous wire spool with the welding torch. Unlike MIG, tungsten inert gas welding (TIG) and plasma arc welding (PAW) need an external wire feed machine to supply the additive materials. WAAM is gaining popularity in the fabrication of 3D metal components, but the process is hard to control due to its inherent residual stress and distortion, which are generated by the high thermal input from its heat sources. Distortion and residual stress are always a challenge for WAAM because they can affect the component’s geometric accuracy and drastically degrade the mechanical properties of the components.
Nanofinishing techniques have been developed to achieve surface finishes on the nanometer scale for applications in electronics, optics, and other industries. Some key nanofinishing processes include magnetic abrasive finishing, magnetorheological finishing, elastic emission machining, magnetic float polishing, and ion beam machining. These processes use techniques such as magnetic fields, abrasives, and ion bombardment to remove material from surfaces at the atomic level and achieve roughness in the range of 0.1 to 7.6 nm. Nanofinishing enables high-precision machining for applications such as medical devices and computer components.
The document discusses various metal casting processes that use expendable molds. It describes sand casting as the most common casting method, where a sand mixture is packed around a pattern and then melted metal is poured in. Different types of patterns are discussed, including one-piece, split, match plate, and cope and drag patterns. The key molding sand ingredients and their properties are also summarized.
Ceramic materials are inorganic, non-metallic materials made from compounds of a metal and a non metal. Ceramic materials may be crystalline or partly crystalline.
The word ceramic comes from the Greek word keramiko of pottery" or for pottery from keramos.
Powder coatings have several advantages over liquid coatings including being more environmentally friendly by emitting near zero VOCs, producing less hazardous waste, and not requiring an oven for solvent evaporation. Powder coatings can also produce thicker, more uniform coatings in a single layer without runs or sags. They provide excellent corrosion resistance, mechanical performance, and a wide variety of finish options. Additionally, powder coating production has lower capital and operating costs than liquid coating lines due to less space needs, easier application requiring less training, and the ability to recycle overspray.
The document discusses electron beam lithography (EBL) for nano fabrication. EBL uses an electron beam to directly write nanoscale patterns on a resist-coated substrate. It allows for very high resolution down to 5 nm but has low throughput as it is a serial writing process. The key components of an EBL system include an electron gun, electron column for beam shaping and focusing, mechanical stage, wafer handling system, and control computer. EBL resists like PMMA can achieve high resolution but have limitations in sensitivity, etch resistance and thermal stability. EBL is widely used for research applications and mask making due to its high resolution, though it is too slow for high-volume manufacturing.
There are two main mechanisms by which microwaves generate heat in food - dipolar interaction and ionic interaction. Dipolar interaction involves the rotation of polar molecules like water according to the electromagnetic field, generating heat through molecular friction. Ionic interaction involves the acceleration of ions by the field, causing them to collide with other molecules. A microwave oven works by using a magnetron to generate microwaves at 2450MHz, which are directed into the cooking cavity and absorbed by food molecules to generate heat volumetrically. Factors like food composition, size, and shape can affect the heating rate. While microwaves provide a convenient cooking method, precautions are taken to ensure safety.
Surface treatment of metals is an important process that dates back thousands of years. It involves changing the surface properties of metals for purposes such as decoration, hardness, and corrosion prevention. Common surface treatment methods include case hardening to harden surfaces while leaving interiors soft, electroplating to deposit different metals on surfaces, and vapor deposition to apply coatings through chemical reactions with gases. Joining and cutting are also important manufacturing processes that involve combining or shaping materials.
Glass products are made through a process involving raw material preparation and melting, shaping, and heat treatment. There are different shaping methods for discrete pieces like bottles and continuous processes for sheet glass. After shaping, glass undergoes annealing or tempering for heat treatment. Product design considerations include glass's transparency, strength in compression over tension, and brittleness.
Plastic welding is a process that joins thermoplastic materials like polyethylene and polypropylene by heating them until they soften and fuse together. There are different types of plastic welding classified by their heating method, such as hot gas welding, laser welding, hot plate welding, and ultrasonic welding. Plastic welding has advantages like producing strong, air tight welds and being a fast and clean process, but also has disadvantages such as the weld being permanent and some processes being relatively slow. Plastic welding has applications in automotive parts, sensors, and other areas.
Powder metallurgy involves producing metal powders and using them to make parts. There are several methods for powder production, including mechanical, chemical, and physical methods. Mechanical methods involve milling or grinding metals into powders, while chemical methods reduce metal oxides using reducing agents. Physical methods like gas or water atomization involve spraying molten metal into a chamber to produce spherical powders. The properties of metal powders depend on factors like particle size, shape, density and flow characteristics, which influence the powder metallurgy process steps of mixing, compacting, and sintering to produce final parts.
Sheet metal basics- stretch forming- explosive formingPravinkumar
This document discusses various sheet metal forming processes. It describes operations like shearing, bending, drawing and stretch forming. It explains that sheet metal offers advantages of light weight and versatile shapes compared to casting/forging. Processes like explosive forming and magnetic pulse forming are also introduced for special sheet metal forming applications.
Liquid penetration inspection is a nondestructive testing method used to detect surface cracks and flaws in materials. It works by applying a liquid penetrant that seeps into surface openings, then applying a developer to draw the penetrant out of flaws so they are visible. The process involves cleaning, applying penetrant, allowing it to dwell, removing excess penetrant, applying developer, and inspecting under light. It can find flaws in both metallic and nonmetallic, magnetic and nonmagnetic materials. While effective for surface flaws, it cannot detect subsurface flaws so other methods may be needed.
Micro-drilling Using Step-forward MethodWaqas Ahmed
1. The document discusses micro-drilling using a step-forward feeding method to address issues with conventional micro-drilling such as tool breakage.
2. An experiment was conducted using different micro-drill diameters and step numbers to drill holes in steel workpieces with and without cutting oil.
3. The results showed that using step-forward feeding and cutting oil reduced cutting forces, burr formation, and tool damage compared to conventional micro-drilling without cutting oil.
Anodizing is an electrochemical process that converts the metal surface of aluminum to aluminum oxide. It produces a coating that is very durable, corrosion resistant, and maintains the metallic appearance of the aluminum. The anodizing process involves racking parts for processing, cleaning, etching, anodizing in an acid bath using electricity, coloring or sealing the pores, and testing to quality check the coating. Anodized aluminum has advantages like durability, low maintenance, and an environmentally friendly process.
The document discusses the high costs of corrosion in India and issues with current anti-corrosion coatings. It states that corrosion is a major maintenance cost over the lifespan of equipment. Current coatings require clean, dry surfaces with a profile for proper adhesion but are often applied to surfaces that are not properly prepared. This can cause adhesion and barrier issues, leading to coating failures and corrosion. The document recommends using coatings that are more surface tolerant and can perform even on rusty, damp or poorly prepared surfaces. It provides examples of applications of such high performance coatings in industries.