1) This document summarizes the history of Britain from the Roman period through the 20th century, including the rise and fall of the British Empire. 2) Key events included the Norman conquest of England in 1066, the Acts of Union between England and Scotland in 1707, the formation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in 1801, and the expansion of the British Empire to dominate large parts of multiple continents in the 19th century. 3) In the 20th century, colonies gained independence starting with Ireland in 1921 and India in 1947, leading to the collapse of the British Empire and its transformation into the British Commonwealth of Nations.