23. The Nobel Prize in Physiology or
Medicine 1945
"for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in
various infectious diseases"
Sir Alexander
Fleming
Ernst Boris Chain
Sir Howard Walter
Florey
1/3 of the prize
United Kingdom
1/3 of the prize
United Kingdom
1/3 of the prize
Australia
London University London,
United Kingdom
(1881 ~ 1955)
University of Oxford
Oxford, United Kingdom
(1906 ~ 1979)
University of Oxford
Oxford, United Kingdom
(1898 ~ 1968)
57. Hand hygiene basin at the Lying-In Women’s Hospital in Vienna, 1847.Hand hygiene basin at the Lying-In Women’s Hospital in Vienna, 1847.
The Intervention:
Hand scrub with chlorinated lime solution
58.
59. Maternal Mortality due to Postpartum Infection
General Hospital, Vienna, Austria, 1841-1850
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1946 1847 1848 1849 1850
MaternalMortality(%)
MDs Midwives
Adapted from:Adapted from: Hosp Epidemiol Infect Control,Hosp Epidemiol Infect Control, 22ndnd
Edition, 1999.Edition, 1999.
Semmelweis’ HandSemmelweis’ Hand
Hygiene InterventionHygiene Intervention
Hand Hygiene: Not a New Concept