الزراعة الرقمية والفلاح الرقمى الذكى الحاجة الى إبتكارات رقمية ذكية شاملةAboul Ella Hassanien
Digital agriculture and the need for comprehensive digital innovations. Sensors are being implanted in cows' ears to monitor their health and movements. This generates about 200MB of data per cow annually, allowing farmers to enhance milk production and monitor cow health. Industry 4.0 aims to make factories more intelligent and connected through robotics, 3D printing, sensors, big data analysis, and artificial intelligence.
The document discusses the physiological and biochemical changes that occur in plants under different abiotic stress conditions, including drought, waterlogging, heat, cold, salinity, and nutrient deficiency. It describes the stress indices observed for each condition, such as wilting, chlorosis, and reduced growth. It also summarizes the physiological changes that take place, like decreased photosynthesis and increased respiration. On the biochemical level, it mentions increased levels of hormones like ABA and protective metabolites like proline that help plants cope with stress.
Dr. B. L. Sinha discusses the history and definition of precision agriculture. Precision agriculture has been practiced for hundreds of years through adaptations like the transition from horse-drawn plows to tractors. In recent decades, technology like GPS, GIS systems, and remote sensing has allowed for more precise data collection and analysis at subfield levels. This enables variable applications tailored to spatial and temporal variability in fields. By improving efficiency and reducing waste, precision agriculture benefits farmers through increased profits and more sustainable practices.
Kale has recently become an extremely popular food. And guess what? It's worth all the hype!! Kale does so much good for our bodies in so many ways. Kathleen Berry-Hebert shares some of her recent kale research. You can find more from here at http://kathleenberryhebert.net
زراعة الانسجة و دورها الفعال في برامج التربيةAmr Saeed
علم تربية النبات
علم تربية النبات يبحث في تحسين الصفات الوراثية للنباتات التي لها قيم إقتصادية بالنسبة للإنسان بدأت طريقة الإنتخاب مزامنة مع ظهور علم الوراثة و مندل
أهمية تربية النبات:
زيادة إنتاجية المحصول
رفع درجة التأقلم للأصناف الزراعية لتناسب مناطق جديدة
تحسين تحمل الأصناف الزراعية لظروف الإجهاد البيئي الحيوي و الغير حيوي
تحسين جودة منتجات المحاصيل
تغيير طبيعة النمو
إنتاج أصناف مقاومة للأمراض
التربية و البيوتكنولوجي:
تنقسم تربية النبات في نشاطين:
التعديل الجيني
تقييم النبات
يؤدي التحكم في عملية التلقيح إلى ظهور أصناف خلطية جديدة تعطي محصول بشكل أفضل
تقنيات زراعة الأنسجة لها تأثير كبير في التعامل مع التنوع الجيني حيث تم بالفعل تعديل أكثر من 50 نوع مختلف وراثيا إما بطرق تعتمد على ناقلات Agrobacterium أو ناقلات Liposome – microinjection – Biolistic حيث لعبت تقنيات زراعة الأنسجة دورا رئيسيا في تطوير الهندسة الوراثية النباتية، و خاصة نقل الجينات بكفاءة و إستعادة النباتات المحورة وراثيا
Barnyardgrass (echinochloa crusgalli) in paddy riceKenneth Tembe
Barnyardgrass has been known to not only reduce yields in rice but also affects the quality of this crop through ad-mixtures often present after threshing. Timely control of this weed is therefore imperative.
الزراعة الرقمية والفلاح الرقمى الذكى الحاجة الى إبتكارات رقمية ذكية شاملةAboul Ella Hassanien
Digital agriculture and the need for comprehensive digital innovations. Sensors are being implanted in cows' ears to monitor their health and movements. This generates about 200MB of data per cow annually, allowing farmers to enhance milk production and monitor cow health. Industry 4.0 aims to make factories more intelligent and connected through robotics, 3D printing, sensors, big data analysis, and artificial intelligence.
The document discusses the physiological and biochemical changes that occur in plants under different abiotic stress conditions, including drought, waterlogging, heat, cold, salinity, and nutrient deficiency. It describes the stress indices observed for each condition, such as wilting, chlorosis, and reduced growth. It also summarizes the physiological changes that take place, like decreased photosynthesis and increased respiration. On the biochemical level, it mentions increased levels of hormones like ABA and protective metabolites like proline that help plants cope with stress.
Dr. B. L. Sinha discusses the history and definition of precision agriculture. Precision agriculture has been practiced for hundreds of years through adaptations like the transition from horse-drawn plows to tractors. In recent decades, technology like GPS, GIS systems, and remote sensing has allowed for more precise data collection and analysis at subfield levels. This enables variable applications tailored to spatial and temporal variability in fields. By improving efficiency and reducing waste, precision agriculture benefits farmers through increased profits and more sustainable practices.
Kale has recently become an extremely popular food. And guess what? It's worth all the hype!! Kale does so much good for our bodies in so many ways. Kathleen Berry-Hebert shares some of her recent kale research. You can find more from here at http://kathleenberryhebert.net
زراعة الانسجة و دورها الفعال في برامج التربيةAmr Saeed
علم تربية النبات
علم تربية النبات يبحث في تحسين الصفات الوراثية للنباتات التي لها قيم إقتصادية بالنسبة للإنسان بدأت طريقة الإنتخاب مزامنة مع ظهور علم الوراثة و مندل
أهمية تربية النبات:
زيادة إنتاجية المحصول
رفع درجة التأقلم للأصناف الزراعية لتناسب مناطق جديدة
تحسين تحمل الأصناف الزراعية لظروف الإجهاد البيئي الحيوي و الغير حيوي
تحسين جودة منتجات المحاصيل
تغيير طبيعة النمو
إنتاج أصناف مقاومة للأمراض
التربية و البيوتكنولوجي:
تنقسم تربية النبات في نشاطين:
التعديل الجيني
تقييم النبات
يؤدي التحكم في عملية التلقيح إلى ظهور أصناف خلطية جديدة تعطي محصول بشكل أفضل
تقنيات زراعة الأنسجة لها تأثير كبير في التعامل مع التنوع الجيني حيث تم بالفعل تعديل أكثر من 50 نوع مختلف وراثيا إما بطرق تعتمد على ناقلات Agrobacterium أو ناقلات Liposome – microinjection – Biolistic حيث لعبت تقنيات زراعة الأنسجة دورا رئيسيا في تطوير الهندسة الوراثية النباتية، و خاصة نقل الجينات بكفاءة و إستعادة النباتات المحورة وراثيا
Barnyardgrass (echinochloa crusgalli) in paddy riceKenneth Tembe
Barnyardgrass has been known to not only reduce yields in rice but also affects the quality of this crop through ad-mixtures often present after threshing. Timely control of this weed is therefore imperative.
Integrated Pest Management for Greenhouse CropsElisaMendelsohn
This document discusses integrated pest management (IPM) strategies for greenhouse crops. It outlines the primary goals of IPM as optimizing pest control through the integration of cultural, physical, biological, and chemical practices while minimizing pesticide use. Key components of an IPM program include monitoring and record keeping to determine pest population levels, use of biological controls and biorational pesticides when possible, and sanitation to prevent pest issues. Major pests of greenhouse crops mentioned include aphids, thrips, whiteflies, and mites.
cole vegetable definitions, it's origin, cabbage, and cauliflower floral formula, a botanical description of plant, floral botany, yield, nutrients value in curd and list of cole vegetables.
botany of mango, mango products. mango production process, mango breeding strategies.in this agricultural crop mango.what you know about mango. short description about mango
This document provides information on vegetable seed production. It discusses vegetable characteristics, the differences between open pollinated and hybrid seeds, different types of seeds, and seed technology. Cultural practices for vegetable production like site selection, soil management, planting, and harvesting are described. Guidelines for producing good quality seeds are provided, including seed selection, drying, cleaning, and storage. Maturity indicators for harvesting different vegetable crops are also listed. The overall document offers a comprehensive overview of vegetable seed production from cultural practices to post-harvest handling and storage.
Breeding methods in cross pollinated cropsManojSaini01
This document provides an overview of breeding methods for cross-pollinated crop species. It discusses the characteristics of cross-pollinated crops and various population improvement methods including mass selection, progeny selection, recurrent selection, and reciprocal recurrent selection. Mass selection involves selecting plants based on phenotype and bulking seed, while progeny selection evaluates progeny through ear-to-row or modified ear-to-row methods. Recurrent selection cycles involve selecting superior plants, intermating them, and repeating selection to increase frequencies of desirable genes in a population. The document concludes breeding methods are important for increasing genetic variability and desirable traits in crop plants.
Tillage operations are carried out to prepare soil for planting crops by improving tilth. Good tilth refers to soil that is porous and friable with balanced capillary and non-capillary pores. The objectives of tillage include preparing seed beds, controlling weeds, conserving soil and water, improving soil structure and aeration, increasing permeability, and destroying pests. Tillage influences soil physical properties like pore space, structure, bulk density and water content. Primary tillage includes plowing using various plows, while secondary tillage further breaks up clods and prepares seed beds through harrowing and planking. Minimum tillage aims to reduce tillage operations and their negative impacts.
Onion smudge is caused by the fungus Colletotrichum circinans. It is a common disease of onions worldwide that occurs in temperate regions. The disease causes small dark spots on onion bulbs that can coalesce and reduce market value. Under moist conditions, spores are produced on the lesions that can spread the fungus. The fungus survives in soil and infected plant debris. Warm, moist conditions favor disease development. Management strategies include crop rotation, drainage, using disease-free seed and plant material, and fungicide applications before harvest.
This document summarizes several fungal diseases that affect grapes:
1. Downy mildew, powdery mildew, bird's eye spot/anthracnose, brown spot, and grey mould are described. Initial symptoms, mode of spread and survival, and management approaches are provided for each disease.
2. Powdery mildew causes a white powdery growth on the upper surface of leaves and older berries. Warm, sultry weather favours its development. Wettable sulfur or carbendazim sprays can manage the disease.
3. Bird's eye spot initially causes greyish black circular spots on young shoots, leaves and berries that later become sunken and ashy grey
The document discusses various methods for seed health testing. It describes germination tests including the top-paper, between-paper, sand, and agar methods. Other tests discussed are the washing test, incubation methods using blotters or agar plates, seedling symptom tests, test tube agar methods, and grow-on tests. Objectives of seed health testing are to identify quality problems, determine planting value, and check for diseases. Specific methods covered in detail include the washing test, incubation methods, seedling symptom test, and test tube agar method.
This document provides information on iris flower production, including the history, classification, cultivation, and care of iris plants. Some key points:
- Iris flowers come from the iris genus, which includes over 260 species of perennial flowering plants. Irises are classified into rhizome and bulbous types.
- Iris cultivation requires full sun, well-drained soil, and planting in late summer or early fall. Proper care includes avoiding high nitrogen fertilizers, mulching, and removing brown foliage after flowering.
- Iris flowers are harvested when the color first emerges from the sheath. Proper packaging and cold storage are needed to extend their vase life. While iris production has potential in Pakistan,
An old world cool season annual legume crop.
A popular crop in world since a long time.
With broad genetic base.
Consumed in multiple forms.
Long history of cultivation and adaptation.
Different crop forms are present based upon the harvest time.
Seed treatments are applied to seeds prior to planting to protect them from diseases and pests. The summary discusses:
1. Seed treatments include applying fungicides, insecticides, or a combination to disinfect and protect seeds from pathogens and storage insects. This prevents disease spread, protects seeds from rot and blights, and improves germination.
2. Certain seeds like injured, diseased, or weak seeds benefit most from treatment to enable germination. Treatment also provides protection under unfavorable soil conditions.
3. There are different types of treatments including pre-sowing, pre-storage, and mid-storage treatments which use various chemicals, processes like hydration-dehydration, or equipment
AI bots in the agriculture field can harvest crops at a higher volume and faster pace than human laborers. By leveraging computer vision helps to monitor the weed and spray them. Thus, Artificial Intelligence is helping farmers find more efficient ways to protect their crops from weeds.
The document discusses various types of flowers that are commonly used in floral arrangements, including mums, daisies, sunflowers, goldenrod, asters, and gerberas. It provides details on their availability, colors, characteristics, longevity, and pricing to allow florists to effectively incorporate them into their designs. The flowers vary in size from small filler flowers to large mass flowers and have properties like air-drying well or having long-lasting vase life that make them suitable for different floral applications.
BREEDING METHODS FOR ASEXUALLY PROPAGATED SPECIES Naveen Kumar
This document discusses breeding methods for asexually propagated plant species. It describes two main modes of reproduction - asexual and sexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction, which includes vegetative propagation methods like rhizomes, tubers, bulbs and modified stems/roots, is common in species that cannot or do not flower and sexually reproduce. Methods to develop new varieties in asexually propagated crops include clonal selection, clonal hybridization, and inducing mutations. Clonal selection involves selecting superior clones from a mixed population, while clonal hybridization crosses two desirable clones and selects progeny with superior traits. These methods have been used successfully to develop new varieties of crops like potato, sugarcane, banana and citrus.
Diseases of rose, Crown Gall Rot, Black Spot, Powdery mildew of Rose, Rust an...Muhammad Ammar
Diseases of rose:
Crown Gall Rot,
Black Spot,
Powdery mildew of Rose,
Rust and Anthracnose.
Besides rose diseases, environmental factors can effect your plants too, and they should be watched for an remedied when found. To keep most rose diseases under control, a commercial fungicide will take care of it. In other cases, proper pruning techniques and the maintenance of clean garden implements goes a long way in preventing such conditions from occurring in the first place.
I have found that only two sprays are needed to keep your plants healthy. The first is sulpher. This will work for most of the diseases. But not for black-spot: for this you need Capstan.
Integrated Pest Management for Greenhouse CropsElisaMendelsohn
This document discusses integrated pest management (IPM) strategies for greenhouse crops. It outlines the primary goals of IPM as optimizing pest control through the integration of cultural, physical, biological, and chemical practices while minimizing pesticide use. Key components of an IPM program include monitoring and record keeping to determine pest population levels, use of biological controls and biorational pesticides when possible, and sanitation to prevent pest issues. Major pests of greenhouse crops mentioned include aphids, thrips, whiteflies, and mites.
cole vegetable definitions, it's origin, cabbage, and cauliflower floral formula, a botanical description of plant, floral botany, yield, nutrients value in curd and list of cole vegetables.
botany of mango, mango products. mango production process, mango breeding strategies.in this agricultural crop mango.what you know about mango. short description about mango
This document provides information on vegetable seed production. It discusses vegetable characteristics, the differences between open pollinated and hybrid seeds, different types of seeds, and seed technology. Cultural practices for vegetable production like site selection, soil management, planting, and harvesting are described. Guidelines for producing good quality seeds are provided, including seed selection, drying, cleaning, and storage. Maturity indicators for harvesting different vegetable crops are also listed. The overall document offers a comprehensive overview of vegetable seed production from cultural practices to post-harvest handling and storage.
Breeding methods in cross pollinated cropsManojSaini01
This document provides an overview of breeding methods for cross-pollinated crop species. It discusses the characteristics of cross-pollinated crops and various population improvement methods including mass selection, progeny selection, recurrent selection, and reciprocal recurrent selection. Mass selection involves selecting plants based on phenotype and bulking seed, while progeny selection evaluates progeny through ear-to-row or modified ear-to-row methods. Recurrent selection cycles involve selecting superior plants, intermating them, and repeating selection to increase frequencies of desirable genes in a population. The document concludes breeding methods are important for increasing genetic variability and desirable traits in crop plants.
Tillage operations are carried out to prepare soil for planting crops by improving tilth. Good tilth refers to soil that is porous and friable with balanced capillary and non-capillary pores. The objectives of tillage include preparing seed beds, controlling weeds, conserving soil and water, improving soil structure and aeration, increasing permeability, and destroying pests. Tillage influences soil physical properties like pore space, structure, bulk density and water content. Primary tillage includes plowing using various plows, while secondary tillage further breaks up clods and prepares seed beds through harrowing and planking. Minimum tillage aims to reduce tillage operations and their negative impacts.
Onion smudge is caused by the fungus Colletotrichum circinans. It is a common disease of onions worldwide that occurs in temperate regions. The disease causes small dark spots on onion bulbs that can coalesce and reduce market value. Under moist conditions, spores are produced on the lesions that can spread the fungus. The fungus survives in soil and infected plant debris. Warm, moist conditions favor disease development. Management strategies include crop rotation, drainage, using disease-free seed and plant material, and fungicide applications before harvest.
This document summarizes several fungal diseases that affect grapes:
1. Downy mildew, powdery mildew, bird's eye spot/anthracnose, brown spot, and grey mould are described. Initial symptoms, mode of spread and survival, and management approaches are provided for each disease.
2. Powdery mildew causes a white powdery growth on the upper surface of leaves and older berries. Warm, sultry weather favours its development. Wettable sulfur or carbendazim sprays can manage the disease.
3. Bird's eye spot initially causes greyish black circular spots on young shoots, leaves and berries that later become sunken and ashy grey
The document discusses various methods for seed health testing. It describes germination tests including the top-paper, between-paper, sand, and agar methods. Other tests discussed are the washing test, incubation methods using blotters or agar plates, seedling symptom tests, test tube agar methods, and grow-on tests. Objectives of seed health testing are to identify quality problems, determine planting value, and check for diseases. Specific methods covered in detail include the washing test, incubation methods, seedling symptom test, and test tube agar method.
This document provides information on iris flower production, including the history, classification, cultivation, and care of iris plants. Some key points:
- Iris flowers come from the iris genus, which includes over 260 species of perennial flowering plants. Irises are classified into rhizome and bulbous types.
- Iris cultivation requires full sun, well-drained soil, and planting in late summer or early fall. Proper care includes avoiding high nitrogen fertilizers, mulching, and removing brown foliage after flowering.
- Iris flowers are harvested when the color first emerges from the sheath. Proper packaging and cold storage are needed to extend their vase life. While iris production has potential in Pakistan,
An old world cool season annual legume crop.
A popular crop in world since a long time.
With broad genetic base.
Consumed in multiple forms.
Long history of cultivation and adaptation.
Different crop forms are present based upon the harvest time.
Seed treatments are applied to seeds prior to planting to protect them from diseases and pests. The summary discusses:
1. Seed treatments include applying fungicides, insecticides, or a combination to disinfect and protect seeds from pathogens and storage insects. This prevents disease spread, protects seeds from rot and blights, and improves germination.
2. Certain seeds like injured, diseased, or weak seeds benefit most from treatment to enable germination. Treatment also provides protection under unfavorable soil conditions.
3. There are different types of treatments including pre-sowing, pre-storage, and mid-storage treatments which use various chemicals, processes like hydration-dehydration, or equipment
AI bots in the agriculture field can harvest crops at a higher volume and faster pace than human laborers. By leveraging computer vision helps to monitor the weed and spray them. Thus, Artificial Intelligence is helping farmers find more efficient ways to protect their crops from weeds.
The document discusses various types of flowers that are commonly used in floral arrangements, including mums, daisies, sunflowers, goldenrod, asters, and gerberas. It provides details on their availability, colors, characteristics, longevity, and pricing to allow florists to effectively incorporate them into their designs. The flowers vary in size from small filler flowers to large mass flowers and have properties like air-drying well or having long-lasting vase life that make them suitable for different floral applications.
BREEDING METHODS FOR ASEXUALLY PROPAGATED SPECIES Naveen Kumar
This document discusses breeding methods for asexually propagated plant species. It describes two main modes of reproduction - asexual and sexual reproduction. Asexual reproduction, which includes vegetative propagation methods like rhizomes, tubers, bulbs and modified stems/roots, is common in species that cannot or do not flower and sexually reproduce. Methods to develop new varieties in asexually propagated crops include clonal selection, clonal hybridization, and inducing mutations. Clonal selection involves selecting superior clones from a mixed population, while clonal hybridization crosses two desirable clones and selects progeny with superior traits. These methods have been used successfully to develop new varieties of crops like potato, sugarcane, banana and citrus.
Diseases of rose, Crown Gall Rot, Black Spot, Powdery mildew of Rose, Rust an...Muhammad Ammar
Diseases of rose:
Crown Gall Rot,
Black Spot,
Powdery mildew of Rose,
Rust and Anthracnose.
Besides rose diseases, environmental factors can effect your plants too, and they should be watched for an remedied when found. To keep most rose diseases under control, a commercial fungicide will take care of it. In other cases, proper pruning techniques and the maintenance of clean garden implements goes a long way in preventing such conditions from occurring in the first place.
I have found that only two sprays are needed to keep your plants healthy. The first is sulpher. This will work for most of the diseases. But not for black-spot: for this you need Capstan.
طرق اساليب حديثة للقضاء على جميع انواع الافات الزراعية وطرق مكافحتها والتخلص ...Tamer Ahmed Abdelfatah
طرق اساليب حديثة للقضاء على جميع انواع الافات الزراعية وطرق مكافحتها والتخلص منها
في المنزل الصراصير النمل الابيض الاسود بق الفراش الناموس البعوض الفئران والقوارض
http://www.pestcontrolpesticidespraying.com/company-bed-bugs-in-riyadh/
شركة مكافحة البق بالرياض, شركة مكافحة بق الفراش بالرياض, شركات مكافحة بق الفراش بالرياض, افضل شركات مكافحة بق الفراش بالرياض, ارقام شركات مكافحة بق الفراش بالرياض, افضل شركة مكافحة بق الفراش بالرياض, شركات مكافحة البق بالرياض, افضل شركات مكافحة البق بالرياض, ارقام شركات مكافحة البق بالرياض,
This document discusses regulatory plant pathology and the spread of plant diseases globally. It summarizes several plant diseases and insects that have spread between continents due to global trade and movement of plant materials. It then outlines the various international, regional, federal, and state organizations that regulate the movement of plants and plant pests, including the International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) and the North American Plant Protection Organization (NAPPO). It also provides details on regulations in the US, the Plant Protection Act, and the roles of the USDA and Department of Homeland Security in inspecting imports and preventing the introduction of invasive plant pests.
A computer-based key for identifying 30 genera of plant parasitic nematodes is described. The key uses Lucid software and is multi-access rather than dichotomous, allowing users to choose observable characters without being limited by couplet structure. Character states like stylet length and shape, body size and shape, and tail morphology are used. Images help non-specialists identify specimens. The key aims to aid identification of nematodes in New Zealand for management and biosecurity purposes.
This document provides information about the Red Palm Weevil (RPW), a serious palm pest that has spread globally from Southeast Asia. RPW larvae bore inside palm tissue and tunnels, eventually killing infested palms. Adults are large reddish-brown beetles that vary in pattern. While not present in Hawaii currently, RPW poses a major threat if introduced as it could devastate the state's palm crops and native species. The public is asked to monitor palms for signs of infestation and report any to authorities.
This document presents a matrix key for identifying families, subfamilies, and tribes of Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies) found in Canada. It summarizes the key's development based on examination of over 1600 specimens covering approximately 85% of Canadian Lepidoptera genera. The key uses 73 observable external morphological characters to narrow identifications to 222 taxon groups, allowing identification of most microlepidoptera and providing a starting point for macrolepidoptera. It is intended to provide non-experts with a reliable identification tool using only a dissecting microscope.
The document summarizes key information about flies in the insect order Diptera. It notes that Diptera have one pair of wings, with the hindwings reduced to halteres. They undergo complete metamorphosis from egg to larva to pupa to adult. As adults, they are usually strong fliers and have large, multifaceted eyes. The order is divided into the suborders Nematocera and Brachycera. Larvae generally lack legs and have chewing mouthparts, while adults feed on liquids and some transmit diseases. Both beneficial and damaging species are discussed.
This document provides a key to identify families of Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) found in the southwestern United States. It outlines distinguishing characteristics such as whether they are diurnal or nocturnal, presence of frenulum on hindwings, wing pigmentation, antennae features, leg morphology, and markings. The families are grouped by morphological characteristics with the most common ones that will be seen in the field highlighted in bold and marked with an asterisk.
This document summarizes a study on the mechanisms of resistance to the sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata, in sorghum. The study evaluated different components of resistance (antixenosis, antibiosis, tolerance) in resistant and susceptible sorghum genotypes under field and greenhouse conditions. Key findings include: 1) Resistant genotypes experienced lower deadheart formation, produced more productive tillers, and insects fed on resistant genotypes had longer larval periods and lower survival rates. 2) Physico-chemical traits like leaf glossiness and trichome density were associated with resistance while chlorophyll content and leaf wetness were associated with susceptibility. 3) Deadheart formation, eggs on leaves, leaf gloss