‫م‬2021-‫هــ‬1442
.2021 ‫الجزائريـــة‬ ‫الوطنيـــة‬ ‫©املكتبـــة‬
978 - 9931 - 828 - 36 - 5 :‫ردمـــك‬
.2021 ‫األول‬ ‫الســدايس‬ : ‫القانونــي‬ ‫اإليــداع‬
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.)7‫إىل‬1‫من‬:‫اآليات‬،)1(‫الفاحتة‬‫سورة‬:‫الكريم‬‫(القرآن‬
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.)125:‫اآلية‬،)16(‫حل‬
ّ
‫الن‬‫سورة‬:‫الكريم‬‫(القرآن‬
.
.
.
.
26
‫ﻛﺎن‬
‫أﺴ�ﺎء‬ �‫ﻤ‬
‫ﷲ‬
ُ�‫اﻟ‬
‫ﺎ‬ َ �‫اﺴ‬ ‫��ﻰ‬
‫و‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎدة‬ ‫دﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ �‫ﻤ‬ �‫ﯿ��ﻘ‬ ‫ازن‬��‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻫ�ا‬ ‫ﻓﺈنﱠ‬ ،"��ِ� َ �ْ‫ﻟ‬‫و"ا‬ "�َ� َ �ْ‫ﻟ‬‫"ا‬
‫ﻟﻼﻨ�ﻘﺎل‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻗﺔ‬
) ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ة‬
���‫ﻤ‬ �‫اﻷﻤﺎﻛ‬
High
E
) ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻤ�ﻔﻔﺔ‬ ��‫اﻟ��ﺎ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻷرض‬ ‫ﺴ�ﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ (
low
E
ّ ِ�‫ﻌ‬ُ�‫و‬ .‫اﻷرض‬ ‫ﺴ�ﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ (
�‫�ﺎﺴ‬ ‫اﻹﻟﻬ�ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺼ�ﺔ‬ ‫ﻫ�ﻩ‬ ‫�ﺎﺌ��ن‬��‫اﻟﻔ‬
"
‫ﻟﻠ�ﯿ�ﺎﻤ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻨ�ن‬
‫�ﺔ‬‫ر‬‫ا‬��‫اﻟ‬ ‫��ﺎ‬
"
‫اﻟﻘﺎﻨ�ن‬ ‫ﻫ�ا‬ ��‫ﯿ‬ ،‫اﻗﻊ‬�‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ .
‫ﻋ‬
�� ‫ﻻ‬ ‫أﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻠﻰ‬
‫إﻻ‬ ‫اﺌﻞ‬��‫اﻟ‬ �‫ﺘ��ﻓ‬ ‫أن‬ ���� ‫وﻻ‬ ،‫اﻟ���ﻔ�ﺔ‬ ‫ة‬
‫ر‬‫ا‬��‫اﻟ‬ ‫درﺠﺎت‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫ا‬��‫اﻟ‬ ‫درﺠﺎت‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫ة‬
‫ر‬‫ا‬��‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺘ��ﻘﻞ‬ ‫أن‬
‫اﻟ‬
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‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫اﻟ‬
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‫اﻷ‬
،‫ﻗﻞ‬
‫��ﺎ‬
�‫ﻤ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻨ�ن‬ ‫ﻫ�ا‬ ّ‫ﻷن‬ ‫ا‬ ً ��‫وﻨ‬ .‫اﻷرض‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﺎء‬ �‫ﻤ‬ �‫ﺘ�ﻘ‬ ‫اﻷﻤ�ﺎر‬ ‫أن‬
،‫اﻟ���ﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫�ﺎﻟ��ﻓﻘﺎت‬
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�‫ﻋ‬
�‫اﻟ‬ ���‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺒ��ﺎ�ﺔ‬ ‫��ﺎﺒ�ﻪ‬ ���� ��‫اﻟ‬‫و‬ ،‫اﻟ�ﯿ�ﺎﻤ���ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻨ��ﺔ‬ ‫اﻷول‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟ�ﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻨ�ن‬
:‫ﺎﻟﻲ‬
𝐸𝐸���� ����‫�ﻤ‬
‫اﺣﺔ‬‫ز‬‫إ‬
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)
1
(
27
ً ‫ء‬
�‫ﺠ‬ ‫ﻤ�ﺎر��ﻪ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬
‫ا‬
�‫اﻷﻤﺎﻛ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ (‫)�ﺎﻟ�ﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫اﺌﻪ‬�‫ﺜ‬ �‫ﻤ‬
�‫اﻷﻓﻘ‬
‫و‬ ‫أﻗﺎﻤﻪ‬ ��‫اﻟ‬ ‫ازن‬��‫اﻟ‬ ‫ام‬��‫اﺤ‬ ‫ﺒﻬ�ف‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
.‫اﻷرض‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ (‫وﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫)ﺴ��ﺎﻨﻪ‬
ً‫وﻨ���ﺔ‬
) ‫اﻟ�ﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺘ��ﺢ‬ ،�‫ﻟ�ﻟ‬
1
:‫اﻟ�ﯿ�ﺎﻤ���ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻨ��ﺔ‬ (
(‫ﻏ�ﻲ)�ﺎﻟ�ﺎﻗﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠ��ﻗﺎت‬ ‫اﻹﻟﻬﻲ‬ �‫اﻟ��ﻓ‬
�⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯� (‫اﻟ�ﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫)ﻓﻲ‬��‫ﻓﻘ‬
)
2
(
29
.‫ا‬ ً �‫ﺗﻘ�ﯾ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﱠر‬�‫ﻗ‬ �‫ﻗ‬ ‫وﺗ�ﻗ��ﻬﺎ‬
‫و‬
‫ﻋﺎم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
1984
،
� ‫ﻋﻠ�ﻲ‬ ���‫ﺗﻌ‬ ‫إ��ﺎد‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻤ�ﺔ‬�‫اﻟ‬ �‫ﺠﻬ�د‬ ‫�ﺎﺸ�ت‬
) ���‫اﻟ‬ ‫ة‬
‫ر‬�‫)ﺴ‬ :‫اﻟ�ﺎﻨ�ﺔ‬ ‫��ﺔ‬��‫اﻟ‬
15
‫اﻵ�ﺔ‬ ،(
:
21
‫ﻋ‬ ��‫ﻋ‬ (
‫�د‬
‫ﺗ‬
‫ﻲ‬
���‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻻ�ﺎت‬
�‫اﻟ‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً ‫ﻗﺎدﻤ‬ �‫اﺌ‬��‫اﻟ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬
‫ا‬ �‫ذﻫ‬ ،‫اﺴ�ﺔ‬‫ر‬�‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﺔ‬ �‫ﺗﻠ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﺎﻋﻲ‬ ��‫ر‬��‫اﻟ‬ ‫وﺨﻼل‬ .‫ﻟﻠ���ول‬ �
�‫اﺌ‬��‫اﻟ‬ �‫اﻟ�ﻌﻬ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ��‫ر‬��‫اﻟ‬
‫اﻟ���ﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻓﻘﺎت‬ ��‫ﺒ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﺌﻊ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻠ�ك‬ ‫ح‬
��‫وﻟ‬ .�‫اﺌ‬��‫اﻟ‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ‫�ﻲ‬�‫اﻟﻐ‬ ‫ء‬
��‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫�ﻘﻊ‬ ‫اﻟ����ﺎﺌ�ﺔ‬ ‫اد‬��‫ﻟﻠ‬
�‫ﻟﻬ‬ ‫ﻗ�ﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻠ�ﻼب؛‬ ‫اﻟ����ﺎﺌ�ﺔ‬
‫أ‬
‫نﱠ‬
‫إذ‬ .‫ذاﺗﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠ�ﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻔﻬ�م‬ ‫ﻋﻠ�ﻬﺎ‬ ����‫ﯾ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﯾ�ﺎﻤ���ﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻨ��ﺔ‬ ‫ﺠ��ﻊ‬
‫ﺼ‬ ‫ﻤﺎدة‬ ‫وﺠ�د‬ �‫ﻋ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﺠ�ﺔ‬ "‫"اﻟ�ﻘﺎوﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻨ���ﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﺎ‬��‫وﺗ‬ ‫وﺗ��ﺎ�ﺄ‬ ،"‫اﻟ�اﻓﻌﺔ‬ ‫"اﻟﻘ�ة‬ ‫ﻨ���ﺔ‬ �‫ﺗ��ﻟ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﯾ�ﺎﻤ���ﺔ‬
.‫اﻟ���ﻘﺔ‬
‫و‬
‫ﺗ���ﻞ‬ ‫�ﻐ�ض‬
�‫ﺼ‬
‫اﻟ�ا‬ ‫"اﻟﻘ�ة‬ ‫ﻩ‬
‫ر‬‫�ﺎﻋ��ﺎ‬ �‫ﻟﻬ‬ ‫اﻟ�اﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺼﻒ‬ ُ ‫و‬ �‫ﻓﻘ‬ ‫أذﻫﺎﻨﻬ�؛‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻬ��ﺴﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻔﻬ�م‬ ‫ﻟﻬ�ا‬ ‫ة‬
‫ر‬
"‫"اﻟ�ﻘﺎوﻤﺔ‬ ‫ّﻞ‬ِ��‫ﺗ‬ �‫ﻗ‬ ‫ة‬
���‫اﻟﻐ‬ ‫اﻷﻤ�ﺎر‬ ‫أنﱠ‬ ��‫ﻏ‬ .‫اﻟ��ﺎة‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﺎح‬ ��‫ﻟ��ﻘ‬ ‫اﺴﺔ‬‫ر‬�‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺒﻬ�ف‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً �‫ﯾ�ﻤ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬
�‫وﻗ‬ ‫أﻤﺎ‬ .‫اﻟ�ﻠ�ﺔ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﺎدة‬ ‫أﺜ�ﺎء‬ ‫ﺗ�ﺎ‬���‫ﻤ‬ ��‫ﺗ�ﺎ‬
�‫ﺤ‬ ����‫اﻟ‬ �‫ﻨ�ﻠ‬ �‫ﻓﻘ‬ ،‫ﻟﻠﻐﺎ�ﺔ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً ��‫ﻗ‬ ‫اﺴﺔ‬‫ر‬�‫ﻟﻠ‬ ‫اﻟ�اﻓﻊ‬ ‫�ﺎن‬
��‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ �����‫ﻓ‬ ،‫اﻟ�ﻠﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫�ﺎﻋ�ًﺎ‬ ‫اﺴﻲ‬‫ر‬�‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟﻔ�ﻞ‬ ‫�ﺎن‬ ‫إذا‬ ،�
�‫أﺨ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﺤ�ﺔ‬ �‫ﻤ‬ .‫ﻟﻠﻐﺎ�ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ���ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟ���ﺔ‬
‫ا‬
‫أنﱠ‬ �‫ﻟﻬ‬ ‫اﺗ�ﺢ‬ ،‫ﻟﻠ�ﻼب‬ ‫ﻨﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟ�ﻘﺎ‬ �‫ﺗﻠ‬ ���‫ﺗﻘ‬ ‫وﻤﻊ‬ .‫اﺌﻊ‬‫ر‬ ‫�ﻘ�ﻪ‬
‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً �‫ﺤ�ﺎﺒ‬ �‫ﯾ��ﺎﺴ‬ �‫اﻟ��ﻓ‬
�‫اﻟ‬ ‫�ﺗﻪ‬
‫اﻟ�ﯾ�ﺎﻤ���ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻨ��ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ����ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬ ���‫ﺗﻘ‬ �‫ﺗ‬ ‫��ﺎ‬ ،‫ﻤﻘﺎوﻤ�ﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً ���‫ﻋ‬
‫ﯾﻠﻲ‬ ‫��ﺎ‬
:
�‫اﻟ��ﻓ‬ ∝
‫اﻟ�اﻓﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘ�ة‬
‫اﻟ�ﻘﺎوﻤﺔ‬
)
3
(
) ���‫اﻟ‬ ‫ة‬
‫ر‬�‫)ﺴ‬ ‫��ﺔ‬��‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻵ�ﺔ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻫ�ﻩ‬ ��‫ﺒ‬ ���‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻟ�ﺎ‬ ‫ﯿ���ﻰ‬ ‫وﺤ�ﻰ‬
15
‫اﻵ�ﺔ‬ ،(
:
21
‫ﻋﻠ��ﺎ‬ ،(
) ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟ�ﺔ‬ ‫اﻷرض‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻤ��ﻘﺔ‬ ��‫ﺒ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرق‬
High
E
) ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻤ��ﻔ�ﺔ‬ �
�‫أﺨ‬ ‫وﻤ��ﻘﺔ‬ (
low
E
(
‫اﻟ�ﺎﺌ‬ ‫أنﱠ‬‫و‬ ،‫�����ﺔ‬ ‫ﻋ�ﻠ�ﺔ‬ �‫ﻷ‬ "‫اﻟ�اﻓﻌﺔ‬
" ‫اﻟ�ﻘﺎوﻤﺔ‬ ‫ّﻞ‬ِ��‫ﺘ‬ ���‫اﻟ���ﻘ‬ ��‫ﻫﺎﺘ‬ ��‫ﺒ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻠ�ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎدة‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻞ‬
R
��‫ﻟﻠ‬ "
‫و‬
) ‫اﻟ�ﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ا‬ ً‫اﺴ��ﺎد‬
3
‫ا‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻨ�ﻋﻲ‬ ٍ‫���ﻞ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻘ�ﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎدة‬ �‫ﺘ�ﻓ‬ ‫ﺘ���ﻞ‬ ���� ،(
�‫اﻟ��ﻓ‬ (
‫اﻟ�ﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎدة‬ ‫ﻛ��ﺔ‬
�‫اﻟ�ﻤ‬
) ∝
(������ ����)
�
)
4
(
) ‫اﻟ�ﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬ ���‫ﺘﻌ‬ ‫و��د‬
4
��‫اﻟ�ﯿ�ﺎﻤ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻨ��ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟ�ﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﺎﻨ�ن‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﺒ�ﺼﻔﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﺎب‬ ‫ﻫ�ا‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ (
) ‫اﻟ�ﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬ ‫ّﻞ‬ِ��‫ﺘ‬ ،‫ﻟﻠ��ﻗﺎت‬ ‫اﻷول‬ ‫اﻹﻟﻬﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻨ�ن‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ �‫اﻓ‬��‫و�ﺎﻟ‬ .‫ﺘ���ﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫اد‬��‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎدة‬ ‫���ﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬
4
‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﱠر‬�‫ﻗ‬ �‫ﻗ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻲ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻘ�ﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎدة‬ ‫���ﺔ‬ ‫���د‬ ��‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻟﻠ��ﻗﺎت‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫اﻹﻟﻬﻲ‬
‫و�ﺎﻻ�ﻼ‬ .‫ا‬ ً �‫ﺘﻘ�ﯿ‬
) ‫اﻟ��ﻀ��ﻲ‬
2
) ‫ة‬
‫ر‬‫ا‬��‫اﻟ‬ ‫أنﱠ‬ ‫ﻤﻼﺤ�ﺔ‬ ‫ء‬
��‫ﻟﻠ‬ ���� ،‫روﺤﻲ‬ ٍ‫ﻤ���ر‬ �‫ﻤ‬ �‫اﻟ�ﻬ‬ ‫�ﺎﺘ�ﺎﻩ‬ (
Q
‫ء‬
��‫اﻟ‬ �‫ﻤ‬ �‫ﺘ��ﻓ‬ (
"‫و‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎدة‬ �‫ﻤ‬
‫اﻟﻐ�ﻲ‬
"
‫اﻟ�ﺎرد‬ ‫ء‬
��‫اﻟ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫�ﺔ‬‫ر‬‫ا‬��‫اﻟ‬ ‫�ﺎﻟ�ﺎﻗﺔ‬
)
1
T
(
"‫و‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎدة‬ �‫ﻤ‬
��‫اﻟﻔﻘ‬
.‫�ﺔ‬‫ر‬‫ا‬��‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻗﺔ‬ �‫ﻤ‬ "
) ‫اﻟ��ﻀ��ﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻞ‬
2
:(
�‫اﻟ��ﺼ‬ ���� �‫ﻋ‬ ‫ة‬
‫ر‬‫ا‬��‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻞ‬
‫ﻞ‬
8
.
‫�ﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫اﻟ��ﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ���‫ﻤ‬ �‫ﻫ‬ ‫و��ﺎ‬ ،�‫ذﻟ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬
) ‫اﻟ��ﻀ��ﻲ‬
2
(
" ‫ﻞ‬ّ ِ��� ،
‫اء‬
��‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺘ�رﱠج‬
) ‫ة‬
‫ر‬‫ا‬��‫�ﺎﻟ‬ "
Q
‫اﻟﻔ‬ (
‫ة‬
‫ر‬‫ا‬��‫اﻟ‬
)
1
T
–
2
T
(
)�‫�ﺎﻨ‬ ‫ﻓﺈذا‬ .‫اﻟ�ﺎدة‬ �‫أ‬�‫ﺟ‬ ��‫ﺒ‬
k
،‫ﻟﻠ�ﺎدة‬ ‫�ﺔ‬‫ر‬‫ا‬��‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﺼﻠ�ﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ (
) ‫ﻓﺈنﱠ‬ ‫�ﺎﻟ�ﺎﻟﻲ‬
1
/
k
‫ﻫﻲ‬ (
Figure 2
‫ار‬��‫اﻟ‬
) ‫ة‬
Q
.(
‫���ﺔ‬ �‫ﻋ‬ ���‫اﻟ�ﻌ‬ ���� ،‫اﻟ�ﯿ�ﺎﻤ���ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻨ��ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫اﻹﻟﻬﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻨ�ن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ً ‫و��ﺎء‬
‫اء‬
��‫اﻟ‬
) ‫اﻟ�ﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻨ�ﻋﻲ‬ ٍ‫���ﻞ‬ ‫ﺼ�ﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻫ��ﺔ‬
5
:(
‫اء‬��‫اﻟ‬ �‫ﺘ�ﻓ‬ (
�
�
) ∝
(�����)"‫اﻟ�اﻓﻌﺔ‬ ‫"اﻟﻘ�ة‬
(
�
�
)"‫"اﻟ�ﻘﺎوﻤﺔ‬
)
5
(
‫أنﱠ‬ �‫ﻫ‬ ‫اﻟ���ﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺄﻤﻞ‬ ��‫ﻋ‬ ‫اﺴ��ﻼﺼﻪ‬ ���� ��‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ�رس‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬ ،‫ﺜَ�ﱠ‬ �‫وﻤ‬
‫وﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫)ﺴ��ﺎﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﷲ‬
�‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً ��‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﯿ��ﺎرك‬ ‫أن‬ ‫�ﺎﻟ�ﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻏ�ﻲ‬ ‫ﻛ�ﺎن‬
‫ة‬
��‫اﻟﻔﻘ‬ ‫اء‬�‫اﻷﺠ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫اﻟ��وة‬ ‫ﻫ�ﻩ‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ‫ا‬ ً‫�د‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫إﻗﺎﻤ‬ ‫���ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻗﺔ‬
) ‫اﻟ�ﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤ�ﻀﺢ‬ �‫ﻫ‬ ‫و��ﺎ‬ .‫ﺒ��ﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻻﻨ��ﺎم‬
6
‫ﻓﺈنﱠ‬ ‫(؛‬
"
‫��ﻪ‬‫ر‬�‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻨ�ن‬
:
Fourier’s Law
"
‫)ﻟﻠ��ﺼ‬
) ‫ة‬
‫ر‬‫ا‬��‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻟ���ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻲ‬ ���‫اﻟ�ﻌ‬
Q
‫اﻟ�ﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫اﻹﻟﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﺎﻨ�ن‬ ‫وﻓﻘًﺎ‬ ‫اﻟ���دة‬ (
:‫ﻟﻠ��ﻗﺎت‬
‫ة‬
‫ر‬‫ا‬��‫اﻟ‬ �‫ﺘ�ﻓ‬ (
�
�
) =
(�����)
� ��
⁄
)
6
(
‫ﻟﻘﺎﻨ�ن‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠ�ﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻀ�ﺢ‬ ‫اض‬�‫ﻷﻏ‬ ‫اﻟ���وﺤﺔ‬ �
�‫اﻷﺨ‬ ‫اﻷﻤ�ﻠﺔ‬ ��‫ﺒ‬ �‫وﻤ‬
‫اﻟ�ﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫اﻹﻟﻬﻲ‬
‫�ﻗ‬ ّ �‫اﻟ‬
‫ﺎت‬
‫�ﺄﺘﻲ‬
"
‫ﻗﺎ‬
Law
"
��‫�ﺎﻻﻨ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻨ�ﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻘ�ﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎدة‬ �‫ﺘ�ﻓ‬ ���� ��‫اﻟ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟ����ﺎﺌ�ﺔ؛‬ ‫اﻟﻬ��ﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤ�ﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫أوم‬
:
Ohm’s Law
"
.‫اﻹﻟ���وﻨﺎت‬ �‫ﺒ��ﻓ‬ ��‫ﺘ‬�‫ﯿ‬ ��‫اﻟ‬‫و‬ ‫�ﺎﺌ�ﺔ؛‬�‫اﻟ�ﻬ‬ ‫اﻟﻬ��ﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤ�ﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
) ‫اﻟ��ﻀ��ﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻞ‬
3
:(
‫اﻟﻌﻠ‬ ��‫اﻨ‬�‫ﻗ‬
�
‫اﻹﻟﻬﻲ‬
(‫اﻟ��ﻟﻒ‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺘ�ﻀ��ﻲ‬ ‫)ﺸ�ﻞ‬
31
‫ار‬��‫اﻟ‬
) ‫ة‬
Q
.(
‫���ﺔ‬ �‫ﻋ‬ ���‫اﻟ�ﻌ‬ ���� ،‫اﻟ�ﯿ�ﺎﻤ���ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻨ��ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫اﻹﻟﻬﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻨ�ن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ً ‫و��ﺎء‬
) ‫اﻟ�ﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻨ�ﻋﻲ‬ ٍ‫���ﻞ‬ ‫ﺼ�ﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻫ��ﺔ‬
5
:(
‫اء‬��‫اﻟ‬ �‫ﺘ�ﻓ‬ (
�
�
) ∝
(�����)"‫اﻟ�اﻓﻌﺔ‬ ‫"اﻟﻘ�ة‬
(
�
�
)"‫"اﻟ�ﻘﺎوﻤﺔ‬
‫أنﱠ‬ �‫ﻫ‬ ‫اﻟ���ﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺄﻤﻞ‬ ��‫ﻋ‬ ‫اﺴ��ﻼﺼﻪ‬ ���� ��‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ�رس‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬ ،‫ﺜَ�ﱠ‬ �‫وﻤ‬
‫و‬ ‫)ﺴ��ﺎﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﷲ‬
�‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً ��‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﯿ��ﺎرك‬ ‫أن‬ ‫�ﺎﻟ�ﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻏ�ﻲ‬ ‫ﻛ�ﺎن‬
‫ة‬
��‫اﻟﻔﻘ‬ ‫اء‬�‫اﻷﺠ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫اﻟ��وة‬ ‫ﻫ�ﻩ‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ‫ا‬ ً‫�د‬
‫ﻓﻲ‬
��� ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻗﺔ‬
) ‫اﻟ�ﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤ�ﻀﺢ‬ �‫ﻫ‬ ‫و��ﺎ‬ .‫ﺒ��ﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻻﻨ��ﺎم‬
6
‫ﻓﺈنﱠ‬ ‫(؛‬
"
‫��ﻪ‬‫ر‬�‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻨ�ن‬
:
Fourier’s Law
"
)
) ‫ة‬
‫ر‬‫ا‬��‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻟ���ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻲ‬ ���‫اﻟ�ﻌ‬
Q
‫اﻟ�ﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫اﻹﻟﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﺎﻨ�ن‬ ‫وﻓﻘًﺎ‬ ‫اﻟ���دة‬ (
:‫ﻟﻠ��ﻗﺎت‬
‫ة‬
‫ر‬‫ا‬��‫اﻟ‬ �‫ﺘ�ﻓ‬ (
�
�
) =
(�����)
� ��
⁄
)
‫ﻟﻘﺎﻨ�ن‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠ�ﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻀ�ﺢ‬ ‫اض‬�‫ﻷﻏ‬ ‫اﻟ���وﺤﺔ‬ �
�‫اﻷﺨ‬ ‫اﻷﻤ�ﻠﺔ‬ ��‫ﺒ‬ �‫وﻤ‬
‫اﻟ�ﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫اﻹﻟﻬﻲ‬
‫�ﻗ‬ ّ �‫اﻟ‬
‫ﺎت‬
‫�ﺄﺘ‬
Law
"
� ‫اﻟ��ﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻨ�ﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻘ�ﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎدة‬ �‫ﺘ�ﻓ‬ ���� ��‫اﻟ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟ����ﺎﺌ�ﺔ؛‬ ‫اﻟﻬ��ﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤ�ﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫أوم‬
:
Ohm’s Law
"
.‫اﻹﻟ���وﻨﺎت‬ �‫ﺒ��ﻓ‬ ��‫ﺘ‬�‫ﯿ‬ ��‫اﻟ‬‫و‬ ‫�ﺎﺌ�ﺔ؛‬�‫اﻟ�ﻬ‬ ‫اﻟﻬ��ﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤ�ﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
) ‫اﻟ��ﻀ��ﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻞ‬
3
:(
‫اﻟﻌﻠ‬ ��‫اﻨ‬�‫ﻗ‬
�
‫اﻹﻟﻬﻲ‬
‫اﻟ��ﻟﻒ‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺘ�ﻀ��ﻲ‬ ‫)ﺸ�ﻞ‬
Figure 4
A corriger Correction
Enlever le gras ‫ﻟﻌﺎم‬ ‫ﯾﻨﺎﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻐﯿﻮم‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻠﺒﺪة‬ ‫اﻷﯾﺎم‬ ‫أﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
1981
‫ﺻﺪﯾﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻓﻘﺔ‬ ُ‫ذھﺒﺖ‬ ،
‫"إﻣﺒﺎﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﺰﯾﺎرة‬ ‫ﻧﯿﻮﯾﻮرك‬ ‫ﻣﺪﯾﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﮭﺎﺗﻦ‬ ‫وﺳﻂ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ (‫)أﺣﻤﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺰاﺋﺮي‬
‫اﻟﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﻌﺪ‬ ّ‫ﻞ‬‫ﻧﺴﺘﻘ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺎ‬ ‫وﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ‬ ،"‫ﺳﺘﯿﺖ‬
102
‫ا‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺳﻮى‬ َ ‫َﺮ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬ ،‫ﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬
ule en haut
‫اﻟﺘﺒﺨﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻓﻖ‬ ( 𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊) ∝
(𝑃𝑃
�,���� 𝑃𝑃�,���)
�
1
𝑘𝑘���
�
Inverser )
w, sky
P
-
w, sea
(P
�
‫ﯾ‬
anqué le point a la fin de ayah.
lever le numero 21 en jaune
ِ‫ﮫ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬ ُ‫ج‬ ِ ‫ْﺮ‬‫ُﺨ‬‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ُﻢ‬‫ﺛ‬ ِ ‫ض‬ْ‫َر‬ ْ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ِﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ َ‫ِﯿﻊ‬‫َﺎﺑ‬‫ﻨ‬َ‫ﯾ‬ ُ‫ﮫ‬َ‫ﻜ‬َ‫ﻠ‬َ‫ﺴ‬َ‫ﻓ‬ ً‫ء‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬ ِ‫َﺎء‬‫ﱠﻤ‬‫ﺴ‬‫اﻟ‬ َ‫ﻦ‬ِ‫ﻣ‬ َ‫ل‬َ‫ﺰ‬‫َﻧ‬‫أ‬ َ ‫ﱠ‬ � ‫ﱠ‬‫ن‬َ‫أ‬ َ‫َﺮ‬‫ﺗ‬ ْ
‫َﻢ‬‫ﻟ‬َ‫]أ‬
َ‫ِﻚ‬‫ﻟ‬ ٰ َ‫ذ‬ ‫ِﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬ ۚ ‫ًﺎ‬‫َﺎﻣ‬‫ُﻄ‬‫ﺣ‬ ُ‫ﮫ‬ُ‫ﻠ‬َ‫ﻌ‬ْ‫ﺠ‬َ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ُﻢ‬‫ﺛ‬ ‫ا‬�‫َﺮ‬‫ﻔ‬ْ‫ﺼ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬ ُ‫ه‬‫َا‬‫َﺮ‬‫ﺘ‬َ ‫ﻓ‬ ُ‫ﺞ‬‫ِﯿ‬ ‫َﮭ‬‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ُﻢ‬‫ﺛ‬ ُ‫ﮫ‬ُ‫ﻧ‬‫ا‬َ‫ْﻮ‬‫َﻟ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ًﺎ‬‫ﻔ‬ِ‫ﻠ‬َ‫ﺘ‬ْ‫ﺨ‬
‫ﱡ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ًﺎ‬‫ﻋ‬ْ‫َر‬‫ز‬
[ِ‫ب‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﺒ‬ْ‫َﻟ‬ ْ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ِﻲ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ُو‬ ِ ‫ﻷ‬ ٰ ‫َى‬‫ْﺮ‬‫ﻛ‬ِ‫ﺬ‬َ‫ﻟ‬
) ‫اﻟﺰﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﻮرة‬ :‫اﻟﻜﺮﯾﻢ‬ ‫)اﻟﻘﺮآن‬
39
:‫اﻵﯾﺔ‬ ،(
21
.(
lever le numero 58 en jaune ُ‫ت‬‫ُﻮ‬‫َﻤ‬‫ﯾ‬ َ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ِي‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﱠ‬‫اﻟ‬ ِّ ‫َﻲ‬‫ﺤ‬ْ‫اﻟ‬ ‫َﻰ‬‫َﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬ ْ‫ﻞ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻛ‬َ‫َﻮ‬‫ﺗ‬َ‫]و‬
ِ‫ه‬ِ‫د‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﺒ‬ِ‫ﻋ‬ ِ‫ب‬‫ُﻮ‬‫ﻧ‬ُ‫ِﺬ‬‫ﺑ‬ ِ‫ﮫ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬ ٰ ‫َﻰ‬‫ﻔ‬َ‫ﻛ‬َ‫و‬ ۚ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ﺪ‬ْ‫َﻤ‬‫ﺤ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬ ْ‫ﺢ‬ِّ‫ﺒ‬َ‫ﺳ‬َ‫و‬
[‫ا‬ً‫ِﯿﺮ‬‫َﺒ‬‫ﺧ‬
) ‫اﻟﻔﺮﻗﺎن‬ ‫ﺳﻮرة‬ :‫اﻟﻜﺮﯾﻢ‬ ‫)اﻟﻘﺮآن‬
25
:‫اﻵﯾﺔ‬ ،(
58
.(
ِ‫ت‬‫آ‬ َ ‫]و‬
Changer ce qui est en jaune ِ‫ِﯿﻞ‬‫ﱠﺒ‬‫ﺴ‬‫اﻟ‬ َ‫ﻦ‬ْ‫ﺑ‬‫ا‬َ‫و‬ َ‫ﻦ‬‫ِﯿ‬‫ﻜ‬ْ‫ﺴ‬ِ‫ﻤ‬ْ‫اﻟ‬َ‫و‬ ُ‫ﮫ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻘ‬َ‫ﺣ‬ ٰ ‫َﻰ‬‫ﺑ‬ْ‫ُﺮ‬‫ﻘ‬ْ‫اﻟ‬ ‫َا‬‫ذ‬ ِ‫ت‬‫آ‬َ‫]و‬
) ‫ا‬ً‫ِﯾﺮ‬‫ﺬ‬ْ‫ﺒ‬َ‫ﺗ‬ ْ‫ِر‬ ّ‫َﺬ‬‫ﺒ‬ُ‫ﺗ‬ َ ‫ﻻ‬َ‫و‬
26
‫ﱠ‬‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬ (
) ‫ا‬ً‫ُﻮر‬‫ﻔ‬َ‫ﻛ‬ ِ‫ﮫ‬ِّ‫ﺑ‬َ‫ِﺮ‬‫ﻟ‬ ُ‫ن‬‫َﺎ‬‫ْﻄ‬‫ﯿ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﺸ‬‫اﻟ‬ َ‫ن‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﻛ‬َ‫و‬ ۖ ِ ‫ِﯿﻦ‬‫ط‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﯿ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﺸ‬‫اﻟ‬ َ‫ن‬‫ا‬َ‫ﻮ‬ْ‫ِﺧ‬‫إ‬ ‫ُﻮا‬‫ﻧ‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﻛ‬ َ‫ﻦ‬‫ﯾ‬ ِ ‫ِر‬ ّ‫َﺬ‬‫ﺒ‬ُ‫ْﻤ‬‫اﻟ‬
27
[(
) ‫اﻹﺳﺮاء‬ ‫ﺳﻮرة‬ :‫اﻟﻜﺮﯾﻢ‬ ‫)اﻟﻘﺮآن‬
17
،(
:‫اﻵﯾﺘﺎن‬
26
-
27
.(
Ref 69 manque 69. Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 6099, Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 2818
tions
er en fin de ligne et changer de
style
)
1
(
Metter en fin de ligne )
2
(
Mettre en fin de ligne )
3
(
Rien a changer
Rien a changer
nger position en fin de ligne. )
6
(
er en fin de ligne et changer de )
7
(
Correction
‫ﻟﻌﺎم‬ ‫ﯾﻨﺎﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻐﯿﻮم‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻠﺒﺪة‬ ‫اﻷﯾﺎم‬ ‫أﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
1981
‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻓﻘﺔ‬ ُ‫ذھﺒﺖ‬ ،
‫ﻣﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﺰﯾﺎرة‬ ‫ﻧﯿﻮﯾﻮرك‬ ‫ﻣﺪﯾﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﮭﺎﺗﻦ‬ ‫وﺳﻂ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ (‫)أﺣﻤﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺰاﺋﺮي‬
‫اﻟﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﻌﺪ‬ ّ‫ﻞ‬‫ﻧﺴﺘﻘ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺎ‬ ‫وﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ‬ ،"‫ﺳﺘﯿﺖ‬
102
‫ا‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬
‫َﺮ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬ ،‫ﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺒﺨﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻓﻖ‬ ( 𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊) ∝
(𝑃𝑃
�,���� 𝑃𝑃�,���)
�
1
𝑘𝑘���
�
)
w, sky
P
-
w, sea
(P
ِ ‫ْﺮ‬‫ُﺨ‬‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ُﻢ‬‫ﺛ‬ ِ ‫ض‬ ْ ‫َر‬ ْ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ِﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ َ‫ِﯿﻊ‬ ‫َﺎﺑ‬‫ﻨ‬َ‫ﯾ‬ ُ‫ﮫ‬َ‫ﻜ‬َ‫ﻠ‬َ‫ﺴ‬َ ‫ﻓ‬ ً‫ء‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬ ِ ‫َﺎء‬‫ﱠﻤ‬‫ﺴ‬‫اﻟ‬ َ‫ﻦ‬ِ‫ﻣ‬ َ‫ل‬َ‫َﻧﺰ‬ ‫أ‬ َ ‫ﱠ‬ � ‫ﱠ‬‫َن‬ ‫أ‬ َ‫َﺮ‬‫ﺗ‬ ْ
‫َﻢ‬‫ﻟ‬َ ‫]أ‬
َ ‫ذ‬ ‫ِﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ِن‬‫إ‬ ۚ ‫ًﺎ‬‫َﺎﻣ‬‫ُﻄ‬‫ﺣ‬ ُ‫ﮫ‬ُ‫ﻠ‬َ‫ﻌ‬ْ‫َﺠ‬‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ُﻢ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ا‬�‫َﺮ‬‫ﻔ‬ْ‫ﺼ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬ ُ‫ه‬‫َا‬‫َﺮ‬‫ﺘ‬َ ‫ﻓ‬ ُ‫ﺞ‬‫ِﯿ‬ ‫َﮭ‬‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ُﻢ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ُ‫ﮫ‬ُ‫ﻧ‬‫ا‬َ ‫ْﻮ‬‫َﻟ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ًﺎ‬‫ﻔ‬ِ‫ﻠ‬َ‫ﺘ‬ْ‫ﺨ‬
‫ﱡ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ًﺎ‬‫ﻋ‬ْ ‫ر‬َ‫ز‬
[ِ‫ب‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﺒ‬ْ‫َﻟ‬ ْ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ِﻲ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ُو‬ ِ ‫ﻷ‬ ٰ ‫َى‬‫ْﺮ‬‫ﻛ‬ِ‫ﺬ‬َ‫ﻟ‬
) ‫اﻟﺰﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﻮرة‬ :‫اﻟﻜﺮﯾﻢ‬ ‫)اﻟﻘﺮآن‬
39
:‫اﻵﯾﺔ‬ ،(
21
.(
ُ‫ت‬‫ُﻮ‬‫َﻤ‬‫ﯾ‬ َ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ِي‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﱠ‬‫اﻟ‬ ِّ ‫َﻲ‬‫ﺤ‬ْ‫اﻟ‬ ‫َﻰ‬‫َﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬ ْ‫ﻞ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻛ‬ َ ‫َﻮ‬‫ﺗ‬ َ ‫]و‬
‫ﻋ‬ ِ‫ب‬‫ُﻮ‬‫ﻧ‬ُ ‫ِﺬ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ِ‫ﮫ‬ِ ‫ﺑ‬ ٰ ‫َﻰ‬‫ﻔ‬َ‫ﻛ‬َ ‫و‬ ۚ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ﺪ‬ْ‫َﻤ‬‫ﺤ‬ِ ‫ﺑ‬ ْ‫ﺢ‬ِّ‫ﺒ‬َ‫ﺳ‬َ ‫و‬
[‫ا‬ً ‫ِﯿﺮ‬ ‫َﺒ‬‫ﺧ‬
) ‫اﻟﻔﺮﻗﺎن‬ ‫ﺳﻮرة‬ :‫اﻟﻜﺮﯾﻢ‬ ‫)اﻟﻘﺮآن‬
25
:‫اﻵﯾﺔ‬ ،(
58
.(
ِ‫ِﯿﻞ‬‫ﱠﺒ‬‫ﺴ‬‫اﻟ‬ َ‫ْﻦ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ا‬َ‫و‬ َ‫ِﯿﻦ‬‫ﻜ‬ْ‫ﺴ‬ِ‫ْﻤ‬‫اﻟ‬َ‫و‬ ُ‫ﮫ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻘ‬َ‫ﺣ‬ ٰ ‫َﻰ‬‫ﺑ‬ْ‫ُﺮ‬‫ﻘ‬ْ‫اﻟ‬ ‫َا‬ ‫ذ‬ ِ‫ت‬‫آ‬َ‫]و‬
) ‫ا‬ً‫ِﯾﺮ‬‫ﺬ‬ْ‫ﺒ‬َ‫ﺗ‬ ْ‫ِر‬ ّ ‫َﺬ‬‫ﺒ‬ُ‫ﺗ‬ َ ‫ﻻ‬َ‫و‬
26
(
) ‫ا‬ً ‫ُﻮر‬‫ﻔ‬َ‫ﻛ‬ ِ‫ﮫ‬ِّ‫ﺑ‬َ‫ِﺮ‬‫ﻟ‬ ُ‫ن‬‫َﺎ‬‫ْﻄ‬‫ﯿ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﺸ‬‫اﻟ‬ َ‫َﺎن‬‫ﻛ‬ َ ‫و‬ ۖ ِ ‫ﯿﻦ‬ِ‫َﺎط‬‫ﯿ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﺸ‬‫اﻟ‬ َ‫ان‬َ ‫ﻮ‬ْ‫ِﺧ‬‫إ‬ ‫ُﻮا‬‫ﻧ‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﻛ‬ َ‫ﯾﻦ‬ ِ ‫ِر‬ ّ ‫َﺬ‬‫ﺒ‬ُ‫ْﻤ‬‫اﻟ‬
27
) ‫اﻹﺳﺮاء‬ ‫ﺳﻮرة‬ :‫اﻟﻜﺮﯾﻢ‬ ‫)اﻟﻘﺮآن‬
17
،(
:‫اﻵﯾﺘﺎن‬
26
-
27
.(
69. Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 6099, Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 2818
37
) ‫اﻻﺤ��ﺎك‬ ���� �‫ﻋ‬ � ُ � ُ �‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎء‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻞ‬ �‫ﺗ�ﻓ‬ ����‫ﺗ‬ ��‫ﯿ‬
air
R
‫و‬ .���‫اﻟ‬ ‫اء‬�‫اﻟﻬ‬ �‫ﻋ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﺗﺞ‬ (
‫ﻋﻠ‬ ً ‫��ﺎء‬
) ‫�ﺎح‬�‫اﻟ‬ ���� �‫ﻋ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻘ�ل‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎء‬ �‫ﺗ�ﻓ‬ �‫ﻋ‬ ���‫اﻟ�ﻌ‬ ���� ،����‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻋ�ﻠ�ﺔ‬
WT
‫ﺨﻼل‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻨ�ﻋﻲ‬ ٍ‫���ﻞ‬ (
‫اﻟ�ﻘﻞ‬ �‫ﺗ�ﻓ‬ ( 𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊) ∝
(������ ����)
����
) �‫اﻟ��ﻓ‬ ‫��ﺎس‬ ��‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ً‫ﻋﺎدة‬
WT
) �‫اﻟ�ﺄﻓ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬ ‫�ﺎﺴ���ام‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻘ�ل‬ (
advection equation
(
‫؛‬
��‫ﺗ‬ ��‫ﺤ‬
.‫اﻟﻌ�ﻠ�ﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ة‬
�‫اﻟ��ﺜ‬ ‫ات‬��‫اﻤ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟ�ﺎ‬ �‫أﻫ‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ���‫اﺜ‬ ‫او��ﻬﺎ‬‫ز‬‫و‬
:‫اﻷرﻀ�ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎذﺒ�ﺔ‬ ��‫ﺘﺄﺜ‬ ‫ﻨ���ﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻤ�ﺎر‬ ‫ﻫ��ل‬
َ� ُ� َ ‫]و‬
[‫ﺎ‬ َ ‫ِﻬ‬‫ﺘ‬ ْ � َ ‫ﻤ‬ َ� ْ ‫ﻌ‬َ� َ ‫ض‬ْ ‫َر‬ْ‫اﻷ‬ ِ‫ِﻪ‬� ‫ِﻲ‬� ْ �ُ�َ� ً ‫ﺎء‬ َ ‫ﻤ‬ ِ‫ﺎء‬ َ � ‫اﻟ�ﱠ‬ َ�ِ‫ﻤ‬ ُ ‫�ِّل‬
) ‫اﻟ�وم‬ ‫ة‬
‫ر‬�‫ﺴ‬ :����‫اﻟ‬ ‫آن‬
�‫)اﻟﻘ‬
30
‫اﻵ�ﺔ‬ ،(
:
24
.(
‫ﻋ��ﻤﺎ‬
��‫ﺗ‬�‫ﯿ‬
‫ة‬
‫ر‬‫اﻟ�ﺎ‬
��‫اﻟ�ﻼ‬
�‫ﻟ��ﻓ��ﻬ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻘ�ﻠﺔ‬
‫وﺗ‬
‫ﻐ�و‬
‫�ﻌ‬ �‫ﺗ�ﻬ‬ ،‫اﻟ��ﺎء‬ ‫ﺒ�ودة‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫داﻛ�ﺔ‬ � ُ � ُ �‫اﻟ‬
.‫اﻟ�ﻠ�ج‬‫و‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻤ�ﺎر‬ ‫ﺴﻘ��ًﺎ‬ ‫اﻷرض‬ ‫ﺴ�ﺢ‬
:‫��ﺔ‬��‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻵ�ﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ورد‬ ‫و��ﺎ‬
ٍ ّ ‫ﻲ‬ َ ‫ﺤ‬ ٍ‫ء‬ ْ ‫ﻲ‬ َ‫ﺸ‬ ‫ﻞﱠ‬ُ� ِ‫ﺎء‬ َ �ْ‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ َ�ِ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺎ‬َ�ْ‫ﻠ‬ َ ‫ﻌ‬ َ ‫ﺠ‬ َ ‫]و‬
َ‫َﻓَﻼ‬‫أ‬
) ‫اﻷﻨ��ﺎء‬ ‫ة‬
‫ر‬�‫ﺴ‬ :����‫اﻟ‬ ‫آن‬
�‫)اﻟﻘ‬
21
‫اﻵ�ﺔ‬ ،(
:
30
‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤ���ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﺎة‬ (‫وﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫)ﺴ��ﺎﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﺠﻌﻞ‬ �‫ﻓﻘ‬ ‫(؛‬
‫اﻟ�ﻠ�ج‬‫و‬ ‫اﻷﻤ�ﺎر‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ‫اﻟ����ن‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎء‬ ‫وﺠ�د‬
.
‫ﻟ�ﺎﻟﻘ�ﺎ‬ ���‫اﻟ�ﺎﻛ‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻨ��ن‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﯿ�ﻓﻌ�ﺎ‬ �‫اﻷﻤ‬ ‫ﻫ�ا‬ ،��‫ﺗﻘ�ﯿ‬ ‫وﻓﻲ‬
��‫وﺗ‬ ."‫زﱠاق‬‫"اﻟ�ﱠ‬ �‫وﻫ‬ ‫اﻟ���ﻰ؛‬ ‫أﺴ�ﺎﺌﻪ‬
‫ﻟﻠ��ﻗﺎ‬ ‫اﻷول‬ ‫اﻹﻟﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﺎﻨ�ن‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎء‬ ‫ة‬
‫ر‬‫دو‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ‫ة‬
��‫اﻷﺨ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﺤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻊ‬
) ‫اﻟ�ﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻟ�ﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫���ﺔ‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟ���ﻔﺔ‬ � ُ � ُ �‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﺠ�د‬ ‫ﻟﻠ�ﺎء‬
High
PE
�� ‫ﺗ��ن‬ ‫ﺒ���ﺎ‬ ،(
‫�ﺔ‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻀﻊ‬ ‫�ﺎﻗﺔ‬
) ‫اﻷرض‬ ‫ﺴ�ﺢ‬ ����‫ﻤ‬
low
PE
‫ج‬
‫ﺗ�ر‬ ‫ﻞ‬ّ ِ���� ،‫ﻟﻠ��ﻗﺎت‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫اﻹﻟﻬﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻨ�ن‬ �‫ﻋ‬ ‫أﻤﺎ‬ .(
) ‫اء‬��‫اﻟ‬
low
E
‫اء‬�‫اﻟﻬ‬ �‫ﺨﻠ‬ �‫ﻗ‬ "��ِ‫"اﻟ�ﱠﺤ‬ ‫أنﱠ‬ ���‫�ﺎﻟ‬ �‫وﺠ�ﯿ‬ .‫اﻟ�ﺎء‬ ‫ﻫ��ل‬ ‫ﻟﻌ�ﻠ�ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ�اﻓﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘ�ة‬ ،‫اﻷرض‬ ‫ﺒ�ﺔ‬
‫ﺠﺎذ‬ �‫ﻋ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﺗﺞ‬
38
���‫اﻟ‬ ‫وﻗ�ﻞ‬
‫اء‬�‫ﺴ‬ ٍ�‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻨﺎت‬���‫اﻟ‬‫و‬
.
��� (‫اﻟ�ﻠ�ج‬ ‫أو‬ ‫)اﻷﻤ�ﺎر‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎء‬ ‫ﻫ��ل‬ �‫ﺘ�ﻓ‬ ‫وﺼﻒ‬ ���� ،‫ا‬ ً ��‫أﺨ‬‫و‬
‫اﻟ�ﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬
‫اﻟ�ﺎﻟ�ﺔ‬
:
‫اﻟﻬ��ل‬ �‫ﺘ�ﻓ‬ (𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊) ∝
(������� �����)
����
)
9
(
) ‫اﻟ���ﺔ‬ ‫ﻫ�ﻩ‬ ‫ﺤ�ﺎب‬ ��‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ً‫ﻋﺎدة‬
WF
‫اﻷﻤ�ﺎر‬ ��‫ﺴﻘ‬ ‫ﺸ�ة‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ �‫ﻤ‬ (
‫اﻟ�ﻲ‬
‫اﻟ���ﺎﻗ‬ ‫اﻷﻤ�ﺎر‬ ‫���ﺔ‬ ‫ﺘ�ﻀﺢ‬
‫ة‬
��‫ﻓ‬
‫اﻟ�ﻤ‬ �‫ﻤ‬
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‫ﻟﻠ�ﺎ‬ �‫اﻟ��ﻓ‬ �‫ذﻟ‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ‫�ﻌ��ﻪ‬ ‫ﻤ��د‬ ��‫ﻗ‬ ���‫ﺘﻘ‬ ‫أﺠﻞ‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ‫�ﺎح‬�‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻘ�ة‬
.‫اﻟ�ﺎ��ﺔ‬ ‫ﻓ�ق‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠ��ﺎء‬ ‫ﺼ�ﻗﺔ‬ ‫���ﺎ�ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟ���ن‬ ،‫ﺎ‬ً‫ﻤ��ﻘ‬ (‫وﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫)ﺴ��ﺎﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﺤ�دﻩ‬ ��ّ‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬‫و‬ ،(� ُ � ُ �‫اﻟ‬
‫و‬
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���‫�ﺎﻟ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻠﻲ‬‫و‬
ّ�‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫��ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷﻟ�؛‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟ��ة‬ ‫أوﻗﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
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(
َ‫ذَاك‬ َ �ْ �َ‫ﻟ‬ َ ‫و‬ ٌ �ْ � َ‫ﺨ‬ ُ‫ﻠﱠﻪ‬ُ� ُ ‫ﻩ‬ َ � ْ ‫َﻤ‬‫أ‬ ‫إِنﱠ‬ ِ�ِ‫ﻤ‬ ْ � ُ �ْ‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ِ� ْ ‫َﻤ‬‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً � َ �َ‫"ﻋ‬ :
َ‫ﻷ‬
ُ ‫�ﱠاء‬ َ ‫ﺴ‬ ُ‫�ْﻪ‬ َ ‫ﺎﺒ‬ َ ‫َﺼ‬‫أ‬ ْ ‫إِن‬ ِ�ِ‫ﻤ‬ ْ � ُ �ْ‫ﻠ‬ِ‫ﻟ‬ ‫إِﻻﱠ‬ ٍ� َ ‫ﺤ‬
" ُ‫ﻟَﻪ‬ ‫ا‬ ً �ْ � َ‫ﺨ‬ َ‫ﻓَ�َﺎن‬ َ �َ � َ ‫ﺼ‬ ُ ‫�ﱠاء‬ َ ‫ﻀ‬ ُ‫�ْﻪ‬ َ ‫ﺎﺒ‬ َ ‫َﺼ‬‫أ‬ ْ ‫ِن‬� َ ‫و‬ ُ‫ﻟَﻪ‬ ‫ا‬ ً �ْ � َ‫ﺨ‬ َ ‫ن‬
29
.
‫و‬ُ� ِ‫ﺎﻫ‬ َ ‫ﺠ‬ َ ‫و‬ َ‫�ﻠَﺔ‬ ِ‫ﺴ‬ َ �ْ‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ِ‫ﻪ‬ ْ �َ‫إِﻟ‬ ْ‫ا‬�ُ‫�َﻐ‬ ْ ‫اﺒ‬ َ ‫و‬ َ ‫�ﱠ‬ ْ‫ا‬�ُ‫اﺘﱠﻘ‬ ْ‫ا‬�ُ� َ ‫آﻤ‬ َ �‫ﯿ‬ ِ�‫اﻟﱠ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ َ ‫ﱡﻬ‬‫ﯿ‬َ‫أ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ َ �]
[ َ‫�ن‬ ُ �ِ‫ﻠ‬ْ‫ﺘُﻔ‬ ْ �ُ�‫ﻠﱠ‬ َ ‫ﻟَﻌ‬ ِ‫�ِ�ﻠِﻪ‬ َ ‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﻓِﻲ‬ ْ‫ا‬
‫ة‬
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،
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،�
‫اﻹﻟ‬ ‫�ﺎﻟﻘﺎﻨ�ن‬ �‫ﯿ�ﻌﻠ‬ ‫و���ﺎ‬ .‫ﻟﻠ��ﻗﺎت‬ ��‫اﻷﺒ‬ ����‫اﻟ‬ ��‫ﻨ‬ ‫وﺘ����ﻬﺎ‬ �‫اﻟ�ﻔ‬ ��‫ﺘ�ﻬ‬ ‫ة‬
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�‫اﻟ��ﯿ‬ ‫ﻫ�ا‬ ‫ﻤ�ﺎﻋ�ة‬ ���� �‫ﻋ‬ ��� ُ‫ﯿ‬ ��‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟﻌ�ﻞ‬ ��‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬ ،‫ﻟﻠ��ﻗﺎت‬
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‫ﻓﺈنﱠ‬ ،�‫ذﻟ‬ �‫ﻤ‬ �‫ﻏ‬
�‫و�ﺎﻟ‬
‫اﻟ��ﺎدة‬ ‫ﻤ�ﺢ‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬‫اد‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫إذا‬ ��‫أﻛ‬ ‫وﻤ��وﻟ�ﺎت‬ ‫ﺴﻠ�ﺔ‬ ‫ذات‬ �‫ﻤ�ﺎﺼ‬ ‫ﯿ�ﻘﻠ�ون‬ �‫اﻟ�ﯿ‬ ��‫اﻟ���ﻔ‬ �‫�ﻌ‬
،‫اﻟ��ﺎﻋ�ة‬ �‫ﻤ‬ �‫اﻟ��ﯿ‬ ����‫ﯿ‬ �‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻓ���ﻬﺎ‬ ،‫أﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻘ��ﺔ‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬‫��ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﯿ���ﻌ�ن‬ �‫وﻟ��ﻬ‬ ‫أﻗﻞ‬ �‫ﻤ�ﺎﺼ‬ ‫ﯿ�ﻘﻠ�ون‬ �‫اﻟ�ﯿ‬ ‫اﻟﻌ�ﻞ‬
‫اﻻﺤ��ﺎك‬ ���� ‫اﻟﻌ�ﻞ‬ ��‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﻟ�ﻔﺎءة‬ ‫ﺴﺎﻟ�ﺔ‬ ��� ��‫ﺘ�ﻘ‬ �‫ذﻟ‬ �‫ﻋ‬
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‫أنﱠ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ �‫ذﻟ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ��‫ر‬‫ﻗﺎد‬ ‫ا‬�‫���ﻨ‬ �‫ﻟ‬ ‫و�ﺎﻟ�ﺎﻟﻲ‬ ،���‫اﻵﺨ‬ ���‫اﻟﻔ‬ ‫أﻋ�ﺎء‬ ‫ﻤ�ﺎﻋ�ة‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ‫ا‬�����‫ﯿ‬ �‫ﻟ‬ ���‫اﻟ��ﯿ‬ ‫ﻻء‬
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‫اﻟ�و‬ ‫اﻨ�ﻔﺎض‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻬ�ﻲ‬
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11
�‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻨ�ﺎم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺼ��ﺢ‬ ��‫ﻏ‬ ‫���ﻞ‬ ��‫اﻟ���ﻔ‬ ‫وﻀﻊ‬ �‫ﻋ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﺘ�ﺔ‬ ،(
ّ ‫اﻟﻬ�ﻤﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻠ�ﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌ�ﻞ‬ ��‫ﺴ‬ ‫�ﻔﺎءة‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً��‫ﺴﻠ‬ ‫ا‬ ً ��‫ﺘﺄﺜ‬ �‫ﯿ�ﺜ‬ �‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ �‫وﻫ‬ ،‫اﻟﻌ�ﻞ‬ ���‫ﻟ‬ ‫إﻀﺎ��ﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎوﻤﺔ‬ ‫إﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫ﺘ��ﻪ‬
��‫ﻟﻠ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎم‬
،‫اﻟ�����ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻓﻘﺎت‬ ‫ﻻﺘ�ﺎﻩ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﺎ�ﻪ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻹﺴﻼم‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ �‫اﻟﻘﺎﺌ‬ ‫ح‬
��‫اﻟ�ﻘ‬ ‫اﻟ���ذج‬ ‫ﻫ�ا‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ً ‫و��ﺎء‬ ،‫ﻟ�ا‬ .‫�ﺔ‬
Figure 9
Figure 10
‫اﻻ‬ �‫ﺘ�ﻓ‬ ���‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﯿ��ﻊ‬ ،‫اﻟﻔ���ﻟ�ﺠ�ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﺠﺎت‬ ‫ﻹﺸ�ﺎع‬
‫و‬ .‫اﻟ�ﻬ��ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻨ��ﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺠ��ﺎﻋﻲ‬ �‫��ﻓ‬
‫�ﻘ��ن‬ ‫ﺒ���ﺎ‬ ،‫اﻟ���ق‬ �‫اﻛ‬�‫وﻤ‬ ‫اق‬�‫ﻷﺴ‬
�‫أوﻗﺎﺘﻬ‬
‫أ‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ‫ان‬���‫اﻟ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻷﺼ�ﻗﺎء‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﺌﻠﺔ‬ ‫اد‬�‫أﻓ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬
،‫ا‬ ً ��‫أﺨ‬ .‫��ﺎء‬
‫و‬
‫ﺤﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ �‫ﻏ��ﻬ‬
‫ر‬ ‫ﯿ��ون‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻐﺎ�ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ���ﻋ�ن‬ ‫اﻷﺸ�ﺎص‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬ ،‫اﻟ�ات‬ ��‫ﻟ��ﻘ‬
‫اﻟ����ﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﺒﻞ‬ ‫�ﺔ‬��‫اﻟ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟ��ت‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﺒﻞ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﺎة‬ ‫ﻤ�ﻞ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻠﻘﺔ؛‬ ‫��ﺎﻗ�ﺎت‬
44
.
� ،‫اﻻﺠ��ﺎ��ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻓﻘﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﯿ�ﺎﻤ���ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻨ��ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟ�ﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻨ�ن‬ ����‫ﺘ‬ ‫أﺠﻞ‬ �‫ﻤ‬
‫ا‬ً�
‫ﻋﺎ‬ �‫ﯿ�د‬ �‫ﻓﻘ‬ ،‫ذاﺘﻪ‬ �‫اﻟ�ﻗ‬ ‫وﻓﻲ‬ .‫ﻤ�ﻠ�ب‬ �‫ﻨ�ﺎ‬ ‫إﻨ�ﺎز‬ ‫أﺠﻞ‬ �‫ﻤ‬ �‫ﺘﻬ‬‫ر‬‫ﺴ�ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟ��ﺎدة‬ ‫ا‬ ً‫ﻤ��د‬
‫أﻤﺎم‬ ‫ﺎ‬ً‫ﻋﺎﺌﻘ‬ ‫اﻟ���ﺔ‬ ‫ال‬�‫اﻷﺤ‬ ‫ﺴ�ء‬ ‫���ﻞ‬ ،‫اﻟ��ﺎل‬ ‫ﺴ��ﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻰ‬ .�‫ﺘ���ﻬ‬ �‫ﺘﺄﺨ‬ ‫أو‬ �‫اﻟ��ﺎ‬ �‫ﻐﺎﺌﻬ‬
‫ا‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻨ�ن‬ ����‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﺘ���ﻞ‬ ����‫ﺤ‬ ����‫و‬ .‫اﻟﻌ�ﻞ‬ ‫ﻤ�ﺎن‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ �‫�ﻫ‬
�‫اﻟ�ﯿ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻨ��ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺎﻟ�ﻲ‬
:‫اﻟ�ﺎﻟﻲ‬ ���‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻬ�ﻲ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﺠ��ﺎﻋﻲ‬ �‫ﻨ�ﺎ‬ �‫ﻷ‬ ‫اﻻﺠ��ﺎ��ﺔ‬ ‫��ﻓﻘﺎت‬
‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ‬ ∝
(‫اﻟﺤﺎﻓﺰ‬ )
(‫اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻖ‬ )
)
12
(
� ّ �‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﻬ�م‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫و��ﻌﺎرض‬ ‫اﻷﻨﺎﻨ�ﺔ‬ ‫��ﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ً‫وﺜ�ﻘ‬ ‫ﺘ�ﺎ�ًﺎ‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ��‫ﺘ‬�‫ﯿ‬ ‫اﻻﺴ�ﻬﻼك‬ ‫ﻷن‬ ‫ا‬ ً ��‫ﻨ‬
��‫ﻟ‬ �‫ﯿ��ﻟ‬ ،‫اﻻﺠ��ﺎﻋﻲ‬ �‫اﻟ��ﻓ‬ ‫ﻫ�ا‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ .‫ا��ﻪ‬�‫وﻋ‬ ‫اﻻﺠ��ﺎﻋﻲ‬ �‫اﻟ��ﺎ‬ �‫ذﻟ‬ ‫اﺴﺔ‬‫ر‬‫د‬ ‫ﯿ��ﺎول‬ ‫��ﺎب‬
‫أﺠﻞ‬ �‫ﻤ‬ �‫اﻟﻬ‬�‫أﻤ‬ ‫ﻹﻨﻔﺎق‬ ‫اﻟ���ق‬ �‫اﻛ‬�‫ﻤ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اق‬�‫اﻷﺴ‬ ‫ﻰ‬
‫ﺘُﻌ�ف‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻲ‬‫و‬ ،‫اﻟﻼزﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻠﻊ‬ ‫اء‬�‫ﺸ‬
‫اﻟ���ق‬ ‫أﺜ�ﺎء‬ �‫ُﻨﻔ‬
‫أ‬ ��‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎل‬ ‫ﻤﻘ�ار‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬ ،�
�‫ﺨ‬
.‫ﻟﻠﻔ�د‬ ‫اﻟ���ﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺨﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ���‫�ﻌ‬
‫و���ﻞ‬
‫و�ﺎ‬ ،‫ﻟﻠ���ق‬ "‫ﻞ‬ ِ ّ ‫�ﺼ‬ ُ ‫"ﻤ‬ ‫���ﺎ�ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ���ﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺨﻞ‬ ‫اﻋ��ﺎر‬ ���� ،�‫ﻟ�ﻟ‬ .‫اﻹﻨﻔﺎق‬ ‫ﻤﻘ�ار‬ ‫ﻗﻞ‬
‫وﺼﻒ‬ ���� ‫ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬ ،‫ﺘ��ق‬ �‫ﻨ�ﺎ‬ �‫�ﺄ‬ �‫ﯿ�ﻌﻠ‬ ‫���ﺎ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬ ً ‫وﺨ�ﺎﻤ‬ .‫اﻟ���ق‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎوﻤﺔ‬ ‫أﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺨﻞ‬
‫�ﺎﻟ�ﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً ��
45
:
‫اﻻﺳﺘﮭﻼك‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻓﻖ‬ (𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹�) ∝
‫اﻟﻤﻨﻔﻌﺔ‬
�
�
‫اﻟﺪﺧﻞ‬
�
)
13
(
ۚ ‫ا‬�ُ‫�ِﻓ‬ ْ �ُ‫ﺘ‬ َ‫ﻻ‬َ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬�ُ� َ � ْ‫اﺸ‬ َ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬�ُ‫ﻠ‬ُ� َ ‫و‬ ٍ�ِ� ْ � َ ‫ﻤ‬ ِ ّ ‫ﻞ‬ُ� َ�ْ� ِ‫ﻋ‬ ْ �
ِ‫إ‬
[ َ��ِ‫ﻓ‬ِ� ْ � ُ �ْ‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫�ﱡ‬ِ�ُ� َ‫ﻻ‬ ُ‫ﱠﻪ‬‫ﻨ‬
) ‫اف‬�‫اﻷﻋ‬ ‫ة‬
‫ر‬�‫ﺴ‬ :����‫اﻟ‬ ‫آن‬
�‫)اﻟﻘ‬
7
:‫اﻵ�ﺔ‬ ،(
31
.(
‫ﻌ�ﱠف‬ُ�
) ‫اﻹﺟ�ﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﺘﺞ‬
GDP
‫ﻟﻠ�وﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻠﻲ‬ �‫اﻻﻗ��ﺎد‬ �‫ﻟﻠ��ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷوﺴﻊ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ���ﺎس‬ ‫�ﺄﻨﻪ‬ (
�‫اﻹﺟ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﺘﺞ‬ �‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ���ﺔ‬ ‫����ﺔ‬ �‫اﻟ���ﻬﻠ‬ ‫�ﺈﻨﻔﺎق‬ ‫ع‬
�‫اﻟ��ﻓ‬ ‫اﻻﻗ��ﺎد‬ ‫�ﻌ�ض‬ ‫اﻻﺴ�ﻬﻼﻛﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﻗ��ﺎد‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫اﻟ����ة‬ ‫ﻻ�ﺎت‬
�‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ �‫اﻟ���ﻬﻠ‬ ‫إﻨﻔﺎق‬ ‫���ﻞ‬ ،‫اﻟ��ﺎل‬ ‫ﺴ��ﻞ‬
‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻨ���ﻪ‬ ‫��ﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫���ﺔ‬�‫ﻣ‬
68
‫اﻟ�ﺎﺘ‬ �‫ﻣ‬ %
‫اﻹﺟ�ﺎﻟﻲ‬
46
.
‫و‬
�����‫اﻟ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ،‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟ�ﻲ‬ �‫اﻻﻗ��ﺎد‬ ���‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫إ��ﺎﺒﻲ‬ ��‫ﺘﺄﺜ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻠﻊ‬ ‫اﺴ�ﻬﻼك‬ ‫أن‬ ����‫اﻟ‬ �‫ﻣ‬
،‫اﻟ��ﺎل‬ ‫ﺴ��ﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻰ‬ .�‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﺤ�ل‬ ‫ﻟﻠ�ﻠﻊ‬ ��‫اﻟ�ﻔ‬ ‫اﻻﺴ�ﻬﻼك‬ ��‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ���دة‬ ‫�ﺎدة‬�‫اﻟ‬ �‫ﻋ‬ ‫اﻟ���ول‬ �‫ﻫ‬ �‫اﻫ‬�‫اﻟ‬
‫اﻹﻋ‬ ‫�ﺎﺴ���ام‬ ‫اﻷﺸ�ﺎص‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ �����‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ���ﺎت‬ ‫ﺒ�أت‬ ،‫اﻻﺴ�ﻬﻼك‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ �‫اﻟﻘﺎﺌ‬ ‫اﻻﻗ��ﺎد‬ ‫ﻫ�ا‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ �‫اﻟ��ﺎﻓ‬
‫ﺨﻼ‬ �‫وﻣ‬ ،�‫ﻟ�ﻟ‬ .‫ﻫﺎ‬
�‫ﻣ�ﺎﺟ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎل‬ �‫ﻣ‬ ����‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻹﻨﻔﺎق‬ �‫ودﻓﻌﻬ‬ �‫ﻋﻘ�ﻟﻬ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ��‫ﻟﻠ�ﺄﺜ‬ "‫"وﺴ�ﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫�ﺎﻋ��ﺎر‬ ‫ﻣ���ﺎﺘﻬﺎ‬
�‫ﻣ��ﻓﻌ‬ �����‫ﻣ‬ ‫ا‬�����‫ﻟ‬ ���‫اﻟ���ﻬﻠ‬ ‫ﻋﻘ�ل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
�‫اﻟ‬ ���‫ﯿ‬ ،(‫)اﻟ��ﻔﻌﺔ‬ ���‫ﻓ‬ ‫إﻟ�ﻪ‬ ‫���ﺎﺟ�ن‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫اء‬�‫ﺸ‬ �‫ﻣ‬ ً‫ﺒ�ﻻ‬ �
��‫اﻟ�ﻔ‬ ‫اﻻﺴ�ﻬﻼك‬ �‫ﺘ�ﻓ‬ �‫ﻫ‬ ‫اﻻﺴ�ﻬﻼك‬ �‫ﺘ�ﻓ‬ ‫ﺴ���ﺢ‬ ‫و�ﺎﻟ�ﺎﻟﻲ‬ ،‫اء‬��‫ﻟﻠ‬ ‫اﻟ�اﻓﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘ�ة‬
45
:
‫اﻟﻤﻔﺮط‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﮭﻼك‬ ‫𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹(ﺗﺪﻓﻖ‬�) ∝
(‫�اﻟﻤﻨﻔﻌﺔ‬‫)اﻟﺘﺴﻮﯾﻖ‬
(
�
‫اﻟﺪﺧﻞ‬
)
)
14
(
) ‫ا‬ ً �‫ﯿ‬ ِ�ْ �َ‫ﺘ‬ ْ ‫ر‬ِ ّ� َ�ُ‫ﺘ‬ َ‫ﻻ‬َ ‫و‬ ِ‫�ِ�ﻞ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﱠ‬ َ�ْ ‫اﺒ‬ َ ‫و‬ َ��
26
(
ِ‫إ‬
َ ‫و‬ ۖ ِ�� ِ�‫ﺎ‬ َ� ‫اﻟ�ﱠ‬ َ‫ان‬ َ �ْ‫إِﺨ‬ ‫ا‬�ُ‫ﺎﻨ‬َ� َ��ِ‫ر‬ِ ّ� َ� ُ �ْ‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫نﱠ‬
� ‫اﻟ�ﱠ‬ َ‫ﺎن‬ َ�
) ‫ا‬ ً ‫ﻔُ�ر‬َ� ِ‫ِﻪ‬ ّ� َ �ِ‫ﻟ‬
27
[(
) ‫اء‬�‫اﻹﺴ‬ ‫ة‬
‫ر‬�‫ﺴ‬ :����‫اﻟ‬ ‫آن‬
�‫)اﻟﻘ‬
17
�‫ﻣ‬ :‫اﻵ�ﺎت‬ ،(
26
‫إﻟﻰ‬
27
.( 75
) ‫اف‬�‫اﻷﻋ‬ ‫ة‬
‫ر‬�‫ﺴ‬ :����‫اﻟ‬ ‫آن‬
�‫)اﻟﻘ‬
7
:‫اﻵ�ﺔ‬ ،(
31
.(
‫ﻌ�ﱠف‬ُ�
) ‫اﻹﺟ�ﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﺘﺞ‬
GDP
‫ا‬ �‫اﻻﻗ��ﺎد‬ �‫ﻟﻠ��ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷوﺴﻊ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ���ﺎس‬ ‫�ﺄﻨﻪ‬ (
��‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﺘﺞ‬ �‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ���ﺔ‬ ‫����ﺔ‬ �‫اﻟ���ﻬﻠ‬ ‫�ﺈﻨﻔﺎق‬ ‫ع‬
�‫اﻟ��ﻓ‬ ‫اﻻﻗ��ﺎد‬ ‫�ﻌ�ض‬ ‫اﻻﺴ�ﻬﻼﻛﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﻗ��ﺎد‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬
‫اﻷ‬ ‫اﻟ����ة‬ ‫ﻻ�ﺎت‬
�‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ �‫اﻟ���ﻬﻠ‬ ‫إﻨﻔﺎق‬ ‫���ﻞ‬ ،‫اﻟ��ﺎل‬ ‫ﺴ��ﻞ‬
‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻨ���ﻪ‬ ‫��ﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫���ﺔ‬�‫ﻣ‬
68
%
‫اﻹﺟ�ﺎﻟﻲ‬
46
.
‫و‬
‫أن‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ،‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟ�ﻲ‬ �‫اﻻﻗ��ﺎد‬ ���‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫إ��ﺎﺒﻲ‬ ��‫ﺘﺄﺜ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻠﻊ‬ ‫اﺴ�ﻬﻼك‬ ‫أن‬ ����‫اﻟ‬ �‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻰ‬ .�‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﺤ�ل‬ ‫ﻟﻠ�ﻠﻊ‬ ��‫اﻟ�ﻔ‬ ‫اﻻﺴ�ﻬﻼك‬ ��‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ���دة‬ ‫�ﺎدة‬�‫اﻟ‬ �‫ﻋ‬ ‫اﻟ���ول‬ �‫ﻫ‬ �‫اﻫ‬�‫اﻟ‬
‫�ﺎﺴ‬ ‫اﻷﺸ�ﺎص‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ �����‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ���ﺎت‬ ‫ﺒ�أت‬ ،‫اﻻﺴ�ﻬﻼك‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ �‫اﻟﻘﺎﺌ‬ ‫اﻻﻗ��ﺎد‬ ‫ﻫ�ا‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ �‫اﻟ��ﺎﻓ‬
�‫ﻟ�ﻟ‬ .‫ﻫﺎ‬
�‫ﻣ�ﺎﺟ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎل‬ �‫ﻣ‬ ����‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻹﻨﻔﺎق‬ �‫ودﻓﻌﻬ‬ �‫ﻋﻘ�ﻟﻬ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ��‫ﻟﻠ�ﺄﺜ‬ "‫"وﺴ�ﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫�ﺎﻋ��ﺎر‬ ‫ﻣ���ﺎﺘﻬﺎ‬
�‫ﻣ��ﻓﻌ‬ �����‫ﻣ‬ ‫ا‬�����‫ﻟ‬ ���‫اﻟ���ﻬﻠ‬ ‫ﻋﻘ�ل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
‫)اﻟ��ﻔﻌﺔ‬ ���‫ﻓ‬ ‫إﻟ�ﻪ‬ ‫���ﺎﺟ�ن‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫اء‬�‫ﺸ‬ �‫ﻣ‬ ً‫ﺒ�ﻻ‬ �
��‫اﻟ�ﻔ‬ ‫اﻻﺴ�ﻬﻼك‬ �‫ﺘ�ﻓ‬ �‫ﻫ‬ ‫اﻻﺴ�ﻬﻼك‬ �‫ﺘ�ﻓ‬ ‫ﺴ���ﺢ‬ ‫و�ﺎﻟ�ﺎﻟﻲ‬ ،‫اء‬��‫ﻟﻠ‬ ‫اﻟ�اﻓﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘ�ة‬
45
:
‫اﻟﻤﻔﺮط‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﮭﻼك‬ ‫𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹(ﺗﺪﻓﻖ‬�) ∝
(‫�اﻟﻤﻨﻔﻌﺔ‬‫)اﻟﺘﺴﻮﯾﻖ‬
(
�
‫اﻟﺪﺧﻞ‬
)
)
14
(
) ‫ا‬ ً �‫ﯿ‬ ِ�ْ �َ‫ﺘ‬ ْ ‫ر‬ِّ�َ�ُ‫ﺘ‬ َ‫ﻻ‬َ ‫و‬ ِ‫ِ�ﻞ‬� ‫اﻟ�ﱠ‬ َ�ْ ‫اﺒ‬ َ ‫و‬ َ��ِ� ْ
26
(
ِ‫إ‬
ِ�� ِ�‫ﺎ‬ َ� ‫اﻟ�ﱠ‬ َ‫ان‬ َ �ْ‫ِﺨ‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬�ُ‫ﺎﻨ‬َ� َ��ِ‫ر‬ِّ�َ� ُ �ْ‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫نﱠ‬
َ�
) ‫ا‬ ً ‫ﻔُ�ر‬َ� ِ‫ِﻪ‬ ّ� َ �ِ‫ﻟ‬
27
[(
) ‫اء‬�‫اﻹﺴ‬ ‫ة‬
‫ر‬�‫ﺴ‬ :����‫اﻟ‬ ‫آن‬
�‫)اﻟﻘ‬
17
�‫ﻣ‬ :‫اﻵ�ﺎت‬ ،(
26
‫إﻟﻰ‬
27
76
�‫اﻟ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟ���ك‬ �‫اﺴ���ﺜ‬ �‫ﻓﻘ‬ ،‫اﻷﺸ�ﺎص‬ ‫دﺨﻞ‬ ����‫ﻤ‬ ‫�ﺎدة‬‫ز‬ �‫ﻋ‬ ‫اﻟ���ﺎت‬
‫اﻻﺌ��ﺎن‬ ‫��ﺎﻗﺎت‬ ‫ﻨ�ﺎم‬ ‫��ﺎت‬
‫ﻻﺴ‬ ‫ووﻓﻘًﺎ‬ ،‫اﻟ��ﺎل‬ ‫ﺴ��ﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻰ‬ .‫اﻟﻌ�ﻼء‬ ‫ﻤ�ﻔ�ﺔ‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎل‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ����‫اﻟ‬ �‫ﻷﺨ‬ ‫اﺌﻔﺔ‬‫ز‬ ‫دﺨﻞ‬ ‫ﻤ�ﺎدر‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫�ﺎﻋ��ﺎر‬
‫ﻋﺎم‬
2017
‫���ﺔ‬�‫اﻷﻤ‬ ‫اﻻﺌ��ﺎن‬ ‫��ﺎﻗﺎت‬ ‫دﯿ�ن‬ ‫إﺠ�ﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻠﻎ‬ ،
927
���‫ﺒ‬ ���‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ �‫وﻫ‬ ،‫��ﻲ‬�‫أﻤ‬ ‫ﻻر‬
‫دو‬ ‫ﻤﻠ�ﺎر‬
2016
47
�‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﯿ���ف‬ ��‫ﺤ‬ ،‫اﻟ��م‬ ‫ﺤ�ﺎﺘ�ﺎ‬ ��‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫�ﺎﻋ�ن‬ ‫�ﺄﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻻﺴ�ﻬﻼك‬ ‫ة‬
��‫وﺘ‬ ‫ﺘ�داد‬ ،‫وﻟﻸﺴﻒ‬ .
‫اﻟ‬ �‫اﻛ‬�‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﺼﺔ‬ �‫ﺤ�ﺎﺘﻬ‬ �‫أﻨ�ﺎ‬ ���‫ﺘ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻲ‬ ‫�ﺠﻬﺔ‬ ُ �‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻹﻨﻔﺎق‬ ‫�����ﺎت‬
‫اﻟﻌ�وض‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟ���ﻌﺎت‬‫و‬ ‫���ق‬
��‫ﺘ‬�‫ﻨ‬ ‫أﻨ�ﺎ‬ ‫اﻹﺤ�ﺎﺌ�ﺎت‬ �‫�ﻌ‬ �‫ﺘ�ﻬ‬ ،‫اﻟ��ﺎل‬ ‫ﺴ��ﻞ‬
20
‫ﻤﻼ���ﺎ‬ �‫ﻤ‬ %
‫ﺨﻼل‬ �‫ﻓﻘ‬
80
�‫اﻟ�ﻗ‬ �‫ﻤ‬ %
�‫ﻤﻼﺌ‬ ‫���ﻞ‬ ‫ﺘ�ﺎﺴ��ﺎ‬ �‫ﺘﻌ‬ �‫ﻟ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﺘﻌ���ﺎ‬ �‫ﺘﻌ‬ �‫ﻟ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻲ‬ ��‫�ﺎﻟ�ﻼ‬ ‫ﻤﻠ��ﺔ‬ �‫اﺌ‬�‫ﺨ‬ ‫ﻟ��ﻪ‬ ‫ﻤ�ﺎ‬ ����‫اﻟ‬
48
���� ،‫ﻟ�ا‬ .
‫�ﺎﻟ�ﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً ���‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺴ�ﻬﻼك‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻘﺎﺒﻞ‬
45
:
‫اﻻﺳﺘﮭﻼك‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻓﻖ‬ (𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹�) ∝
‫اﻟﻤﻨﻔﻌﺔ‬ � ‫اﻟﺘﺴﻮﯾﻖ‬
(
�
‫اﻟﻘﺮض�اﻟﺪﺧﻞ‬
)
)
15
(
‫ﺤﻠ‬ ‫ﻤ���ة‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻘﺎء‬ ‫ارد‬�‫اﻟ‬ ��‫ﻓ‬ ،‫اﻻﺤ��ﺎﺠﺎت‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ��‫أﻛ‬ ‫اء‬��‫ﻟ‬ �����‫اﻟ‬ ‫�ﺈﻋﻼﻨﺎت‬ �‫اﻟ�ﺄﺜ‬ �‫�ﻌ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬ ً ‫ﺨ�ﺎﻤ‬
‫و‬
.‫اﻟ���ﺔ‬ ‫ﻋ���ﺔ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻤ��ﻬﻠ�ﺔ‬ ���‫أﺼ‬ ‫��ﺎ‬‫ر‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻠﻊ‬ ‫اء‬�‫ﺸ‬ ‫أﺠﻞ‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ‫اﻻﺌ��ﺎﻨ�ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ���ﺎت‬ ‫دﯿ�ن‬
‫ﺎ‬ َ �‫ﱠ‬‫ﻨ‬َ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬� ُ �َ‫ﻠ‬ ْ‫]اﻋ‬
َ�َ‫ﺘ‬ َ ‫و‬ ْ �ُ�َ� ْ � َ‫ﺒ‬ ٌ �ُ‫ﺘَﻔَﺎﺨ‬ َ ‫و‬ ٌ‫زِ��َﺔ‬ َ ‫و‬ ٌ � ْ ‫َﻬ‬‫ﻟ‬ َ ‫و‬ ٌ �
ْ‫َﻋ‬‫أ‬ ٍ �ْ �َ‫ﻏ‬ ِ‫�َﻞ‬ َ �َ� ۖ ِ‫د‬ َ‫ﻻ‬ْ ‫َو‬ْ‫اﻷ‬ َ ‫و‬ ِ‫ال‬ َ � ْ ‫َﻤ‬ْ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ﻓِﻲ‬ ٌ �ُ‫ﺎﺜ‬
َ ‫ْ�ُﻔﱠﺎر‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ َ �َ �
ٌ�‫ﯿ‬ ِ� َ‫ﺸ‬ ٌ ‫�َاب‬ َ‫ﻋ‬ ِ‫ة‬ َ �ِ‫ﺨ‬ ْ‫اﻵ‬ ‫ِﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ َ ‫و‬ ۖ ‫ﺎ‬ ً ‫�َﺎﻤ‬ ُ ‫ﺤ‬ ُ‫�ُ�ن‬َ� ‫ﺜُ�ﱠ‬
َ �ِ‫ﻔ‬ْ‫ﻐ‬ َ ‫ﻤ‬ َ ‫و‬
�ْ‫ﱡﻨ‬�‫اﻟ‬ ُ‫ﺎة‬ َ� َ �ْ‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﺎ‬ َ ‫ﻤ‬ َ ‫و‬ ۚ ٌ‫ان‬ َ � ْ ‫رِﻀ‬ َ ‫و‬ ِ ‫�ﱠ‬ َ�ِ‫ﻤ‬ ٌ‫ة‬
‫إِﻻ‬ ‫ﺎ‬
.[ ِ‫ور‬ ُ �ُ‫ْﻐ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬
) �‫اﻟ��ﯿ‬ ‫ة‬
‫ر‬�‫ﺴ‬ :����‫اﻟ‬ ‫آن‬
�‫)اﻟﻘ‬
57
:‫اﻵ�ﺔ‬ ،(
20
.(
91
�‫ﻟ�ﯿﻬ‬ ‫اﻟ�اﺘﻲ‬ �‫اﻟ�ﺎﻓ‬ ���‫ﺒ�ﻌ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً ‫اﻫ��ﺎﻣ‬
61
)
2
‫ﻓ�ﺼ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬
‫�ﺎﻋ��ﺎر‬ ‫اﻟ��ﺎﺘ�ﺔ‬ ‫ب‬
‫اﻟ��ﺎر‬ (�‫وﺴﻠ‬ ‫ﻋﻠ�ﻪ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫)ﺼﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻲ‬ ��‫اﺘ‬ ‫و��ﺎ‬ (
‫اﻟﻔ��ل‬ ‫أنﱠ‬ ‫أ��ﺎ‬ ���‫ﺘ‬ �‫ﻓﻘ‬ ،‫اﻟ��ﺠ�ﻪ‬‫و‬ ‫ﺸﺎد‬
‫ﻟﻺر‬
�‫ﻋ�ﻠ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ��‫أﻛ‬ ‫���ﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻠ��ﺎر�ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻼب‬ ‫ﺘ�ﻓﻊ‬ �‫ﺒ��ﺎ‬ ‫ﻓ�ﻬﺎ‬ ‫�رس‬ ُ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻲ‬
‫ﯿ�����ن‬ �‫أﻨﻬ‬ ‫��ﺎ‬ ،�‫اﻟ�ﻌﻠ‬ ‫ﺘ�ﺎﻩ‬ ‫اﻟ�اﺘ�ﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺴ�ﻘﻼﻟ�ﺔ‬ �‫ﻣ‬ ����� ‫ﯿ���ﻌ�ن‬ �‫ﱠﻬ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫ﻷ‬ ‫ا‬ ً ��‫ﻨ‬ ‫ات؛‬
‫ر‬‫اﻟ�ﻬﺎ‬ �‫ﻣ‬ ����‫اﻟ‬ ��
��‫وﺘ‬ �‫اﻟ�ﻌﻠ‬
‫اﻟﻌ�ﻠ�ﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻨ��ﺔ‬ ‫أﺜ�ﺎء‬ ���‫اﻟ�ﻔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ��‫أﻛ‬ ‫���ﻞ‬
61
) .
3
‫)ﺼﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻲ‬ ‫ال‬��‫ﻣ‬ ‫وﻋﻠﻰ‬ ،‫ا‬ ً ��‫أﺨ‬ (
‫اﺴ���ا‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬ ،(�‫وﺴﻠ‬ ‫ﻋﻠ�ﻪ‬ ‫ﷲ‬
‫اﻟ��ﺎس‬ ‫أﺴﻠ�ب‬
‫���ﻞ‬
‫أن‬ ‫ﺸﺄﻨﻪ‬ �‫ﻣ‬ �
��‫ﺘ�ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻬ�م‬ ‫اﺴ���ام‬ ‫إنﱠ‬ ،‫اﻗﻊ‬�‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ،‫ﻟﻠ����ﺔ‬ ‫ر‬ ّ ��‫ﺘ‬ ‫وﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻐﺎ�ﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫وﺴ�ﻠﺔ‬
�‫ﻟ�ﻟ‬ .‫ﻨ���ﺔ‬ ‫ﺼ�ﻐﺔ‬ ‫�ﻞ‬ ‫اء‬
‫ر‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻔ���ﺎﺌ�ﺔ‬ �‫اﻫ‬��‫ﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﺘ��ر‬ ‫وﻀﻊ‬ ‫أﺠﻞ‬ �‫ﻣ‬ �‫أذﻫﺎﻨﻬ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺼ�ر‬ ����‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻼب‬ �‫��ﺎﻋ‬
‫ا‬ ‫أﺴﻠ�ب‬ ‫اﺴ���ام‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬
�
���‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺎع‬
‫ر‬‫ا‬ ���� ‫ات‬
‫ر‬‫اﻟ�ﻬﺎ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻌ�ﻓﺔ‬ �‫ﻣ‬ ����‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻛ��ﺎب‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻼب‬ ‫ﻣ�ﺎﻋ�ة‬ ‫�ﺈﻣ�ﺎﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻟ��ﺎس‬
�‫ﻫ‬
���‫ﺘﻔ‬
62
.
‫اﻟ��ﻀ�ﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻣ�ﻠﺔ‬ �‫وﻣ‬
‫ﻟﻶ‬
‫اﻟ�ﻌ‬ ‫ﻋ�ﻠ�ﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ���‫اﻟ‬ �‫اﻟ�ﻌﻠ‬ ‫اﺘ���ﺎت‬
��‫�ﺴ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟ��ﺎس‬ ‫أﺴﻠ�ب‬ ‫ﻻﺴ���ام‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻔ��ة‬ ‫ﺜﺎر‬
‫أﻨ‬ �‫ﻠ‬
�‫ﺘ‬
� ‫اﻻﺴ�ﻌﺎﻨﺔ‬ �
���‫اﻟ�ﯿ�ﺎﻣ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻨ��ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟ�ﻲ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﻘﺎﻨ�ن‬
‫)اﻟ�ﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺔ‬
3
‫ر�ﺎ‬ ‫ﻨ��ذج‬ ���‫ﻟ�ﻘ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﺎب‬ ‫ﻫ�ا‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ (
‫ﻟ���ﯿ‬ ‫ﻀﻲ‬
‫ا‬
‫ر‬�‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻔ��ض‬ ُ � ، ً‫ﻻ‬
‫أو‬ .(‫ات‬
‫ر‬‫اﻟ�ﻬﺎ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻌ�ﻓﺔ‬ �‫)ﺘ�ﻓ‬ ‫اﺴ�ﺔ‬
‫ر‬�‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟﻔ��ل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ�����ﺔ‬ ‫ات‬
‫ر‬‫اﻟ�ﻬﺎ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻌ�ﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻘ�ار‬
‫ﻣ‬
���‫اﻟﻔ‬ ‫ت‬
) ‫ﺠﺎت‬
‫ﻟﻠ�ر‬ ‫اﻛ�ﻲ‬
��‫اﻟ‬ �‫اﻟ�ﻘ�ﯿ‬ �‫����ﺴ‬ ‫ﺘ���ﻠﻬﺎ‬ ���� �‫ﻟﻠ�ﺎﻟ‬
CGPA
��‫ﻣ‬ ‫ا‬�‫ﺤﻘﻘ‬ �‫اﻟ�ﯿ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻼب‬ ‫أن‬ ‫و��ﺎ‬ .(
‫ا‬
�‫ﺘ‬ �‫ﺘﻘ�ﯿ‬ �‫ﺴ‬
‫ﻛ�ﻲ‬
‫�ﺎﻟ�ﺎﻟﻲ‬ ،‫ع‬
�‫أﺴ‬ ‫���ﻞ‬ ‫ﯿ�ﻌﻠ��ن‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺠﺎت‬
‫ﻟﻠ�ر‬
‫؛‬
�‫اﻟ‬ �‫اﻟ�ﻘ�ﯿ‬ �‫ﻣ��ﺴ‬ ‫ﻣﻌ��س‬ �
‫ﺘ�ﺎو‬ �‫اﻟ�ﻌﻠ‬ ‫ﻟﻌ�ﻠ�ﺔ‬ "‫"اﻟ�ﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺈنﱠ‬
‫اﻛ�ﻲ‬
�
) ‫ﺠﺎت‬
‫ﻟﻠ�ر‬
1
/
CGPA
‫اﻟ�ﻼب‬ ‫اﻛ���ﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻲ‬ ‫ات‬
‫ر‬‫اﻟ�ﻬﺎ‬‫و‬ ‫ﻓﺔ‬
�‫اﻟ�ﻌ‬ ‫ﻣﻘ�ار‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻟ�ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ����ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬ ‫وﺘ�ﻒ‬ .(
61
:
�‫ﺘ�ﻓ‬ (‫ﻓﺔ‬
�‫اﻟ�ﻌ‬ + ‫ات‬
‫ر‬‫)اﻟ�ﻬﺎ‬ ∝
�‫اﻟ�ﺎﻟ‬ �‫ﺤﺎﻓ‬
�
�
‫ﻟﻠ�رﺠﺎت‬ ‫اﻛ�ﻲ‬
��‫اﻟ‬ �‫اﻟ�ﻘ�ﯿ‬ �‫ﻣ��ﺴ‬
�
)
16
(
) ‫ﺠﺎت‬
‫ﻟﻠ�ر‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻠﻲ‬ �‫�ﺎﻟ�ﻘ�ﯿ‬ ���‫اﻟ�ﻘ‬ ‫وﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟ�����ﺔ‬ ‫ات‬
‫ر‬‫اﻟ�ﻬﺎ‬‫و‬ ‫ﻓﺔ‬
�‫اﻟ�ﻌ‬ ‫ﺘ���ﻞ‬ ����‫اﻟ‬ �‫ﻣ‬ ‫�ﺎن‬ ‫إذا‬
FGP
��‫اﻟ‬ (
ُ �
‫ﻔ��ض‬
�‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫إدﺨﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ �‫اﻟ�ﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﻷداء‬ �‫ﻣ�ﺎﺸ‬ ‫ﻣ��ﺎس‬ ‫ﱠﻪ‬
‫ﻨ‬‫أ‬
) ‫��ﺢ‬
∝
) ��‫ﻟﻠ��ﻔ‬ ‫دداش‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ ���‫ﺘﻘ‬ ���‫ﺴ‬ ،(
DMF
��‫ﻟ‬ (
‫اﻟ�ﻼب‬
61
:
92
‫ﺠﺎت‬
‫ﻟﻠ�ر‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻠﻲ‬ �‫اﻟ�ﻘ�ﯿ‬ = ���‫ﻟﻠ��ﻔ‬ ‫دداش‬ ‫�ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬.(𝛼𝛼) . (‫ﺠﺎت‬
‫ﻟﻠ�ر‬ ‫اﻛ�ﻲ‬��‫اﻟ‬ �‫اﻟ�ﻘ�ﯿ‬�‫)ﻣ��ﺴ‬
)
17
(
) ‫اﻟ�ﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ا‬ ً‫اﺴ��ﺎد‬
17
‫ﻟﻠ‬ ‫اﻛ�ﻲ‬��‫اﻟ‬ �‫اﻟ�ﻘ�ﯿ‬ �‫)ﻣ��ﺴ‬ �‫اﻟ�ﻌﻠ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠ�ﻼب‬ ‫�ﺔ‬��‫اﻟﻔ‬ ‫ة‬
‫ر‬�‫�ﺎﻟﻘ‬ �‫ﯿ�ﻌﻠ‬ ‫و���ﺎ‬ ،(
:‫�رﺠﺎت‬
CGPA
(
:��‫ﻟﻠ��ﻔ‬ ‫دداش‬ ‫)ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻼب‬ ��‫ﻟ‬ ‫اﻟ�اﺘﻲ‬ �‫اﻟ�ﺎﻓ‬ ‫ﺘﻌ�ز‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻲ‬ ��‫ر‬��‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﺘ���ﺎت‬��‫إﺴ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬ ‫؛‬
DMF
‫ﺴ���ن‬ (
‫ﻋ‬ ‫ة‬
‫ر‬‫ﻗﺎد‬
‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻌﻠ�ﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻘ�ار‬ ���‫ﺘﻌ‬ ‫ﻠﻰ‬
‫اﻟ�ﻠ�ﺔ‬ ��‫ﻟ‬ ‫�����ﺔ‬
‫ذﻟ‬ �‫وﺴ��د‬ ،ً‫�ﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫�ﺔ‬��‫اﻟﻔ‬ �‫إﻣ�ﺎﻨﺎﺘﻬ‬ ‫إ�ﻼق‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ �‫ﻣ‬
‫ﺤ��ﻬﺎ‬ �
‫ا‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬‫اﻟ�ﻬﺎ‬ ‫إﺘﻘﺎن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ة‬
‫ر‬�‫اﻟﻘ‬ �‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻗ�ر‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻛ��ﺎب‬‫و‬ ‫اﺴ�ﺔ‬‫ر‬�‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎدة‬ �‫ﻣ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻌ�ﻓﺔ‬ �‫ﻣ‬ ���‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻗ�ر‬ ‫أﻗ�ﻰ‬ ��‫ﺘ�ﻘ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬‫إ‬
‫ﻟﻼزﻣﺔ‬
‫اﺘ���ﺎت‬��‫إﺴ‬ ‫أنﱠ‬ ‫��ﻬﺎ‬�‫أﺠ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﻛﺎد���ﺔ‬ ‫اﻷ��ﺎث‬ ‫أﺤ�ث‬ �‫ﺘ�ﻬ‬ ،‫اﻗﻊ‬�‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ .‫اﻟ���ﻘ�ﻠ�ﺔ‬ �‫ﻟ���ﻔ�ﻬ‬
�‫اﻟ‬ ��‫ر‬��‫اﻟ‬
‫ﻲ‬
‫��ﻘﻬﺎ‬
���‫ﺘ‬ (�‫وﺴﻠ‬ ‫ﻋﻠ�ﻪ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫)ﺼﻠﻰ‬ ���‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻨ���ﺎ‬
�
‫اﻟ�ﻼب‬ ��‫ﻟ‬ ‫اﻷداء‬‫و‬ �‫اﻟ�ﺎﻓ‬ ���‫ﺘﻌ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ة‬
‫ر‬�‫ﺎﻟﻘ‬
61
-
62
‫ﻷ‬ ‫ا‬ ً ��‫ﻨ‬ ،‫ا‬ ً ��‫أﺨ‬‫و‬ .
‫اﻟ�ﻼب‬ ‫نﱠ‬
‫اﻟ�اﺘ‬ �‫اﻓ‬��‫اﻟ‬ ‫ذوو‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻼب‬ ‫ﻓ�����ﻞ‬ ،‫اﻟ��ﻠ��ﺔ‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬‫اﻟ�ﻬﺎ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻌ�ﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫�ﺔ‬��‫اﻟﻔ‬ �‫ﺘﻬ‬‫ر‬�‫ﻗ‬ ‫اﺴ���ام‬ �‫����ﻬ‬
��‫اﻷﻗ‬ ‫�ﺔ‬
‫ا‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬
) ‫اﻟ����ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻘ��ﺔ‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬‫ﻟ�ﻬﺎ‬
KSA
‫�ﺎﻣ‬ ‫اﻹﻟﻬ�ﺔ‬ �‫اﺠ��ﻬ‬‫و‬ ‫ﻷداء‬ ‫اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ‬ (‫ات‬‫ر‬�‫اﻟﻘ‬‫و‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬‫اﻟ�ﻬﺎ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻌ�ﻓﺔ‬ =
‫أﺠﻞ‬ �‫ﻣ‬ ً‫ﻠﺔ‬
.‫اﻟ���ﻘ�ﻠ�ﺔ‬ �‫ﻋ�ﻠﻬ‬ �‫أﻣﺎﻛ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌ�ﻞ‬ ��‫ﺴ‬ ���‫ﺘﻌ‬
) ‫اﻟ��ﻀ��ﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻞ‬
12
:(
.(‫اﻟ��ﻟﻒ‬ �‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺘ�ﻀ��ﻲ‬ ‫)ﺸ�ﻞ‬ ‫اﺴ�ﺔ‬‫ر‬�‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟﻔ��ل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫�ﻗﺎت‬ ّ �‫ﻟﻠ‬ ��‫اﻷﺒ‬ ����‫اﻟ‬
‫ﻋﻠ�ﻪ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫)ﺼﻠﻰ‬ ���‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻨ���ﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻓ��ﺎ‬ ‫اﻹﺴﻼم؛‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻐﺎ�ﺔ‬ ‫ر��ﻌﺔ‬ ‫���ﺎﻨﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ��رﺴ�ن‬ ‫ﯿ���ﻊ‬ ،‫ة‬
��‫أﺨ‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺤ�ﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬
َ��ِ‫وﻣﻼﺌ‬ ‫وﺠﻞﱠ‬ ‫ﻋ�ﱠ‬ َ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ِنﱠ‬‫إ‬ .�‫ﻨﺎﻛ‬ ْ‫أد‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻠِﻲ‬ ْ �َ‫ﻔ‬َ� ِ�ِ‫ﺒ‬‫ﺎ‬ َ ‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ �ِ‫ﺎﻟ‬ َ ‫اﻟﻌ‬ ُ ‫"ﻓ�ﻞ‬
َ‫اﻟ��ﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺤ�ﻰ‬ ، ِ‫اﻷرض‬‫و‬ ِ‫ات‬���‫اﻟ‬ َ ‫أﻫﻞ‬‫و‬ ، ُ‫ﻪ‬
.
.
الطّريق الأبديّ للصّدقات
الطّريق الأبديّ للصّدقات
الطّريق الأبديّ للصّدقات
الطّريق الأبديّ للصّدقات
الطّريق الأبديّ للصّدقات

الطّريق الأبديّ للصّدقات

  • 2.
    ‫م‬2021-‫هــ‬1442 .2021 ‫الجزائريـــة‬ ‫الوطنيـــة‬‫©املكتبـــة‬ 978 - 9931 - 828 - 36 - 5 :‫ردمـــك‬ .2021 ‫األول‬ ‫الســدايس‬ : ‫القانونــي‬ ‫اإليــداع‬ A .
  • 3.
    ِ ‫مي‬ ِ ‫ح‬ َّ ‫الر‬ ِ ‫ن‬ٰ َ ْ ‫ح‬ َّ ‫الر‬ َ ‫ني‬ِ َ ‫ال‬ َ ‫ع‬ ْ ‫ال‬ ِّ ‫ب‬ َ ‫ر‬ ِ َّ ِ ‫ل‬ ُ ‫د‬ ْ‫م‬ َ‫ح‬ ْ ‫ل‬‫(ا‬ ُ ‫ني‬ ِ‫ع‬ َ ‫ت‬ ْ ‫س‬ َ ‫ن‬ َ ‫اك‬ َّ ‫ي‬ ِ ‫إ‬ َ ‫و‬ ُ ‫د‬ُ‫ب‬ ْ ‫ع‬ َ ‫ن‬ َ ‫اك‬ َّ ‫ي‬ ِ ‫إ‬ ِ ‫ين‬ ِّ ‫الد‬ ِ ‫م‬ ْ َ ‫ي‬ ِ ‫ك‬ ِ ‫ال‬ َ ‫م‬ َ ‫ت‬ ْ‫م‬ َ ‫ع‬ ْ ‫ن‬ َ ‫أ‬ َ ‫ين‬ ِ ‫ذ‬ َّ ‫ال‬ َ ‫اط‬ َ ‫ر‬ ِ ‫ص‬ َ ‫مي‬ ِ‫ق‬ َ ‫ت‬ ْ ‫س‬ ُ ْ ‫ال‬ َ ‫اط‬ َ ‫ر‬ ِّ ‫الص‬ ‫ا‬ َ ‫ن‬ ِ ‫د‬ ْ ‫اه‬ ) َ ‫ني‬ ِّ ‫ال‬ َّ ‫الض‬ َ ‫ل‬ َ ‫و‬ ْ ِ ْ ‫ي‬ َ ‫ل‬ َ ‫ع‬ ِ ‫وب‬ ُ ‫ض‬ ْ ‫غ‬ َ ْ ‫ال‬ ِ ْ ‫ي‬ َ ‫غ‬ ْ ِ ْ ‫ي‬ َ ‫ل‬ َ ‫ع‬ .)7‫إىل‬1‫من‬:‫اآليات‬،)1(‫الفاحتة‬‫سورة‬:‫الكريم‬‫(القرآن‬
  • 4.
  • 5.
    ِ‫ة‬ َ ‫ظ‬ ِ ‫ع‬ ْ‫و‬ َْ ‫ال‬ َ ‫و‬ ِ‫ة‬ َ‫ـم‬ ْ ‫ك‬ ِ ‫ح‬ ْ ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ِ ‫ب‬ َ ‫ك‬ِّ‫ب‬ َ ‫ر‬ ِ ‫يــــل‬ ِ ‫ب‬ َ ‫س‬ ٰ َ ‫ل‬ ِ ‫إ‬ ُ ‫ع‬ ْ ‫(اد‬ َ‫و‬ ُ ‫ه‬ َ ‫ك‬َّ‫ب‬ َ ‫ر‬ َّ ‫ن‬ ِ ‫إ‬ ُ ‫ـن‬ َ ‫س‬ ْ ‫ح‬ َ ‫أ‬ َ ‫ي‬ ِ ‫ه‬ ‫ي‬ِ‫ت‬ َّ ‫ال‬ ِ ‫ب‬ ‫م‬ ُ ْ ‫ل‬ ِ ‫اد‬ َ‫ج‬ َ ‫و‬ ۖ ِ‫ة‬ َ ‫ن‬ َ ‫س‬ َ‫ح‬ ْ ‫ل‬‫ا‬ ) َ ‫ين‬ ِ ‫د‬ َ ‫ت‬ ْ ‫ه‬ ُ ْ ‫ال‬ ِ ‫ب‬ ُ َ ‫ل‬ ْ ‫ع‬ َ ‫أ‬ َ‫و‬ ُ ‫ه‬ َ ‫و‬ ِ ‫ه‬ ِ ‫يل‬ ِ ‫ب‬ َ ‫س‬ ‫ن‬ َ ‫ع‬ َّ ‫ل‬ َ ‫ض‬ ‫ن‬ َ ِ ‫ب‬ ُ َ ‫ل‬ ْ ‫ع‬ َ ‫أ‬ .)125:‫اآلية‬،)16(‫حل‬ ّ ‫الن‬‫سورة‬:‫الكريم‬‫(القرآن‬
  • 6.
  • 8.
  • 10.
  • 16.
  • 30.
    26 ‫ﻛﺎن‬ ‫أﺴ�ﺎء‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ُ�‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ َ�‫اﺴ‬ ‫��ﻰ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎدة‬ ‫دﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ �‫ﻤ‬ �‫ﯿ��ﻘ‬ ‫ازن‬��‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻫ�ا‬ ‫ﻓﺈنﱠ‬ ،"��ِ� َ �ْ‫ﻟ‬‫و"ا‬ "�َ� َ �ْ‫ﻟ‬‫"ا‬ ‫ﻟﻼﻨ�ﻘﺎل‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻗﺔ‬ ) ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ة‬ ���‫ﻤ‬ �‫اﻷﻤﺎﻛ‬ High E ) ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻤ�ﻔﻔﺔ‬ ��‫اﻟ��ﺎ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻷرض‬ ‫ﺴ�ﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ( low E ّ ِ�‫ﻌ‬ُ�‫و‬ .‫اﻷرض‬ ‫ﺴ�ﺢ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ( �‫�ﺎﺴ‬ ‫اﻹﻟﻬ�ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺼ�ﺔ‬ ‫ﻫ�ﻩ‬ ‫�ﺎﺌ��ن‬��‫اﻟﻔ‬ " ‫ﻟﻠ�ﯿ�ﺎﻤ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻨ�ن‬ ‫�ﺔ‬‫ر‬‫ا‬��‫اﻟ‬ ‫��ﺎ‬ " ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻨ�ن‬ ‫ﻫ�ا‬ ��‫ﯿ‬ ،‫اﻗﻊ‬�‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ . ‫ﻋ‬ �� ‫ﻻ‬ ‫أﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻠﻰ‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫اﺌﻞ‬��‫اﻟ‬ �‫ﺘ��ﻓ‬ ‫أن‬ ���� ‫وﻻ‬ ،‫اﻟ���ﻔ�ﺔ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬��‫اﻟ‬ ‫درﺠﺎت‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻷﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ة‬‫ر‬‫ا‬��‫اﻟ‬ ‫درﺠﺎت‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬��‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺘ��ﻘﻞ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫اﻟ‬ �‫�ﻐ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ �‫�ﻐ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ،‫ﻗﻞ‬ ‫��ﺎ‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻨ�ن‬ ‫ﻫ�ا‬ ّ‫ﻷن‬ ‫ا‬ ً ��‫وﻨ‬ .‫اﻷرض‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﺎء‬ �‫ﻤ‬ �‫ﺘ�ﻘ‬ ‫اﻷﻤ�ﺎر‬ ‫أن‬ ،‫اﻟ���ﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫�ﺎﻟ��ﻓﻘﺎت‬ �‫ﻓ‬ َ� �� � ���‫ﺘﻌ‬ �‫ذﻟ‬ ‫�ﺎ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﺎب‬ ‫ﻫ�ا‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫�ﺔ‬‫ر‬‫ا‬��‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻟﻠ�ﯿ�ﺎﻤ��ﺎ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻨ�ن‬ �‫ﻤ‬ �‫اﻟ�ﺎﻨ‬ �‫ﻋ‬ �‫اﻟ‬ ���‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺒ��ﺎ�ﺔ‬ ‫��ﺎﺒ�ﻪ‬ ���� ��‫اﻟ‬‫و‬ ،‫اﻟ�ﯿ�ﺎﻤ���ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻨ��ﺔ‬ ‫اﻷول‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟ�ﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻨ�ن‬ :‫ﺎﻟﻲ‬ 𝐸𝐸���� ����‫�ﻤ‬ ‫اﺣﺔ‬‫ز‬‫إ‬ � ⎯ � 𝐸𝐸��� �‫�ﻤ�ﻔﻒ‬ ) 1 (
  • 31.
    27 ً ‫ء‬ �‫ﺠ‬ ‫ﻤ�ﺎر��ﻪ‬‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫ا‬ �‫اﻷﻤﺎﻛ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ (‫)�ﺎﻟ�ﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫اﺌﻪ‬�‫ﺜ‬ �‫ﻤ‬ �‫اﻷﻓﻘ‬ ‫و‬ ‫أﻗﺎﻤﻪ‬ ��‫اﻟ‬ ‫ازن‬��‫اﻟ‬ ‫ام‬��‫اﺤ‬ ‫ﺒﻬ�ف‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ .‫اﻷرض‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ (‫وﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫)ﺴ��ﺎﻨﻪ‬ ً‫وﻨ���ﺔ‬ ) ‫اﻟ�ﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺘ��ﺢ‬ ،�‫ﻟ�ﻟ‬ 1 :‫اﻟ�ﯿ�ﺎﻤ���ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻨ��ﺔ‬ ( (‫ﻏ�ﻲ)�ﺎﻟ�ﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠ��ﻗﺎت‬ ‫اﻹﻟﻬﻲ‬ �‫اﻟ��ﻓ‬ �⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯⎯� (‫اﻟ�ﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫)ﻓﻲ‬��‫ﻓﻘ‬ ) 2 (
  • 32.
    29 .‫ا‬ ً �‫ﺗﻘ�ﯾ‬‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﱠر‬�‫ﻗ‬ �‫ﻗ‬ ‫وﺗ�ﻗ��ﻬﺎ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻋﺎم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ 1984 ، � ‫ﻋﻠ�ﻲ‬ ���‫ﺗﻌ‬ ‫إ��ﺎد‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻤ�ﺔ‬�‫اﻟ‬ �‫ﺠﻬ�د‬ ‫�ﺎﺸ�ت‬ ) ���‫اﻟ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬�‫)ﺴ‬ :‫اﻟ�ﺎﻨ�ﺔ‬ ‫��ﺔ‬��‫اﻟ‬ 15 ‫اﻵ�ﺔ‬ ،( : 21 ‫ﻋ‬ ��‫ﻋ‬ ( ‫�د‬ ‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ���‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻻ�ﺎت‬ �‫اﻟ‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً ‫ﻗﺎدﻤ‬ �‫اﺌ‬��‫اﻟ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ا‬ �‫ذﻫ‬ ،‫اﺴ�ﺔ‬‫ر‬�‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﺔ‬ �‫ﺗﻠ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﺎﻋﻲ‬ ��‫ر‬��‫اﻟ‬ ‫وﺨﻼل‬ .‫ﻟﻠ���ول‬ � �‫اﺌ‬��‫اﻟ‬ �‫اﻟ�ﻌﻬ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ��‫ر‬��‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟ���ﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻓﻘﺎت‬ ��‫ﺒ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﺌﻊ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻠ�ك‬ ‫ح‬ ��‫وﻟ‬ .�‫اﺌ‬��‫اﻟ‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ‫�ﻲ‬�‫اﻟﻐ‬ ‫ء‬ ��‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫�ﻘﻊ‬ ‫اﻟ����ﺎﺌ�ﺔ‬ ‫اد‬��‫ﻟﻠ‬ �‫ﻟﻬ‬ ‫ﻗ�ﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻠ�ﻼب؛‬ ‫اﻟ����ﺎﺌ�ﺔ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫نﱠ‬ ‫إذ‬ .‫ذاﺗﻪ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠ�ﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻔﻬ�م‬ ‫ﻋﻠ�ﻬﺎ‬ ����‫ﯾ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﯾ�ﺎﻤ���ﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻨ��ﺔ‬ ‫ﺠ��ﻊ‬ ‫ﺼ‬ ‫ﻤﺎدة‬ ‫وﺠ�د‬ �‫ﻋ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﺠ�ﺔ‬ "‫"اﻟ�ﻘﺎوﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﻨ���ﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻬﺎ‬��‫وﺗ‬ ‫وﺗ��ﺎ�ﺄ‬ ،"‫اﻟ�اﻓﻌﺔ‬ ‫"اﻟﻘ�ة‬ ‫ﻨ���ﺔ‬ �‫ﺗ��ﻟ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﯾ�ﺎﻤ���ﺔ‬ .‫اﻟ���ﻘﺔ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗ���ﻞ‬ ‫�ﻐ�ض‬ �‫ﺼ‬ ‫اﻟ�ا‬ ‫"اﻟﻘ�ة‬ ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ر‬‫�ﺎﻋ��ﺎ‬ �‫ﻟﻬ‬ ‫اﻟ�اﻓﻊ‬ ‫ﺼﻒ‬ ُ ‫و‬ �‫ﻓﻘ‬ ‫أذﻫﺎﻨﻬ�؛‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻬ��ﺴﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻔﻬ�م‬ ‫ﻟﻬ�ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬ "‫"اﻟ�ﻘﺎوﻤﺔ‬ ‫ّﻞ‬ِ��‫ﺗ‬ �‫ﻗ‬ ‫ة‬ ���‫اﻟﻐ‬ ‫اﻷﻤ�ﺎر‬ ‫أنﱠ‬ ��‫ﻏ‬ .‫اﻟ��ﺎة‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﺎح‬ ��‫ﻟ��ﻘ‬ ‫اﺴﺔ‬‫ر‬�‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺒﻬ�ف‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً �‫ﯾ�ﻤ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻤﻌﺔ‬ �‫وﻗ‬ ‫أﻤﺎ‬ .‫اﻟ�ﻠ�ﺔ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﺎدة‬ ‫أﺜ�ﺎء‬ ‫ﺗ�ﺎ‬���‫ﻤ‬ ��‫ﺗ�ﺎ‬ �‫ﺤ‬ ����‫اﻟ‬ �‫ﻨ�ﻠ‬ �‫ﻓﻘ‬ ،‫ﻟﻠﻐﺎ�ﺔ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً ��‫ﻗ‬ ‫اﺴﺔ‬‫ر‬�‫ﻟﻠ‬ ‫اﻟ�اﻓﻊ‬ ‫�ﺎن‬ ��‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ �����‫ﻓ‬ ،‫اﻟ�ﻠﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫�ﺎﻋ�ًﺎ‬ ‫اﺴﻲ‬‫ر‬�‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟﻔ�ﻞ‬ ‫�ﺎن‬ ‫إذا‬ ،� �‫أﺨ‬ ‫ﻨﺎﺤ�ﺔ‬ �‫ﻤ‬ .‫ﻟﻠﻐﺎ�ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ���ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟ���ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أنﱠ‬ �‫ﻟﻬ‬ ‫اﺗ�ﺢ‬ ،‫ﻟﻠ�ﻼب‬ ‫ﻨﺔ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟ�ﻘﺎ‬ �‫ﺗﻠ‬ ���‫ﺗﻘ‬ ‫وﻤﻊ‬ .‫اﺌﻊ‬‫ر‬ ‫�ﻘ�ﻪ‬ ‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً �‫ﺤ�ﺎﺒ‬ �‫ﯾ��ﺎﺴ‬ �‫اﻟ��ﻓ‬ �‫اﻟ‬ ‫�ﺗﻪ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﯾ�ﺎﻤ���ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻨ��ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ����ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬ ���‫ﺗﻘ‬ �‫ﺗ‬ ‫��ﺎ‬ ،‫ﻤﻘﺎوﻤ�ﻪ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً ���‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﯾﻠﻲ‬ ‫��ﺎ‬ : �‫اﻟ��ﻓ‬ ∝ ‫اﻟ�اﻓﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘ�ة‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻘﺎوﻤﺔ‬ ) 3 (
  • 33.
    ) ���‫اﻟ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬�‫)ﺴ‬‫��ﺔ‬��‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻵ�ﺔ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻫ�ﻩ‬ ��‫ﺒ‬ ���‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻟ�ﺎ‬ ‫ﯿ���ﻰ‬ ‫وﺤ�ﻰ‬ 15 ‫اﻵ�ﺔ‬ ،( : 21 ‫ﻋﻠ��ﺎ‬ ،( ) ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟ�ﺔ‬ ‫اﻷرض‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻤ��ﻘﺔ‬ ��‫ﺒ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺎرق‬ High E ) ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻤ��ﻔ�ﺔ‬ � �‫أﺨ‬ ‫وﻤ��ﻘﺔ‬ ( low E ( ‫اﻟ�ﺎﺌ‬ ‫أنﱠ‬‫و‬ ،‫�����ﺔ‬ ‫ﻋ�ﻠ�ﺔ‬ �‫ﻷ‬ "‫اﻟ�اﻓﻌﺔ‬ " ‫اﻟ�ﻘﺎوﻤﺔ‬ ‫ّﻞ‬ِ��‫ﺘ‬ ���‫اﻟ���ﻘ‬ ��‫ﻫﺎﺘ‬ ��‫ﺒ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻠ�ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎدة‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻞ‬ R ��‫ﻟﻠ‬ " ‫و‬ ) ‫اﻟ�ﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ا‬ ً‫اﺴ��ﺎد‬ 3 ‫ا‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻨ�ﻋﻲ‬ ٍ‫���ﻞ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻘ�ﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎدة‬ �‫ﺘ�ﻓ‬ ‫ﺘ���ﻞ‬ ���� ،( �‫اﻟ��ﻓ‬ ( ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎدة‬ ‫ﻛ��ﺔ‬ �‫اﻟ�ﻤ‬ ) ∝ (������ ����) � ) 4 ( ) ‫اﻟ�ﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬ ���‫ﺘﻌ‬ ‫و��د‬ 4 ��‫اﻟ�ﯿ�ﺎﻤ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻨ��ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟ�ﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﺎﻨ�ن‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻬﺞ‬ ‫ﺒ�ﺼﻔﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﺎب‬ ‫ﻫ�ا‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ( ) ‫اﻟ�ﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬ ‫ّﻞ‬ِ��‫ﺘ‬ ،‫ﻟﻠ��ﻗﺎت‬ ‫اﻷول‬ ‫اﻹﻟﻬﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻨ�ن‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ �‫اﻓ‬��‫و�ﺎﻟ‬ .‫ﺘ���ﻠﻬﺎ‬ ‫اد‬��‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎدة‬ ‫���ﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ 4 ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﱠر‬�‫ﻗ‬ �‫ﻗ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻲ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻘ�ﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎدة‬ ‫���ﺔ‬ ‫���د‬ ��‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻟﻠ��ﻗﺎت‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫اﻹﻟﻬﻲ‬ ‫و�ﺎﻻ�ﻼ‬ .‫ا‬ ً �‫ﺘﻘ�ﯿ‬ ) ‫اﻟ��ﻀ��ﻲ‬ 2 ) ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬��‫اﻟ‬ ‫أنﱠ‬ ‫ﻤﻼﺤ�ﺔ‬ ‫ء‬ ��‫ﻟﻠ‬ ���� ،‫روﺤﻲ‬ ٍ‫ﻤ���ر‬ �‫ﻤ‬ �‫اﻟ�ﻬ‬ ‫�ﺎﺘ�ﺎﻩ‬ ( Q ‫ء‬ ��‫اﻟ‬ �‫ﻤ‬ �‫ﺘ��ﻓ‬ ( "‫و‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎدة‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ‫اﻟﻐ�ﻲ‬ " ‫اﻟ�ﺎرد‬ ‫ء‬ ��‫اﻟ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫�ﺔ‬‫ر‬‫ا‬��‫اﻟ‬ ‫�ﺎﻟ�ﺎﻗﺔ‬ ) 1 T ( "‫و‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎدة‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ��‫اﻟﻔﻘ‬ .‫�ﺔ‬‫ر‬‫ا‬��‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻗﺔ‬ �‫ﻤ‬ " ) ‫اﻟ��ﻀ��ﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻞ‬ 2 :( �‫اﻟ��ﺼ‬ ���� �‫ﻋ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬��‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻞ‬ 8 . ‫�ﺎﻹﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ���‫ﻤ‬ �‫ﻫ‬ ‫و��ﺎ‬ ،�‫ذﻟ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ) ‫اﻟ��ﻀ��ﻲ‬ 2 ( " ‫ﻞ‬ّ ِ��� ، ‫اء‬ ��‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺘ�رﱠج‬ ) ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬��‫�ﺎﻟ‬ " Q ‫اﻟﻔ‬ ( ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬��‫اﻟ‬ ) 1 T – 2 T ( )�‫�ﺎﻨ‬ ‫ﻓﺈذا‬ .‫اﻟ�ﺎدة‬ �‫أ‬�‫ﺟ‬ ��‫ﺒ‬ k ،‫ﻟﻠ�ﺎدة‬ ‫�ﺔ‬‫ر‬‫ا‬��‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﺼﻠ�ﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ( ) ‫ﻓﺈنﱠ‬ ‫�ﺎﻟ�ﺎﻟﻲ‬ 1 / k ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ( Figure 2
  • 34.
    ‫ار‬��‫اﻟ‬ ) ‫ة‬ Q .( ‫���ﺔ‬ �‫ﻋ‬���‫اﻟ�ﻌ‬ ���� ،‫اﻟ�ﯿ�ﺎﻤ���ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻨ��ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫اﻹﻟﻬﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻨ�ن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ً ‫و��ﺎء‬ ‫اء‬ ��‫اﻟ‬ ) ‫اﻟ�ﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻨ�ﻋﻲ‬ ٍ‫���ﻞ‬ ‫ﺼ�ﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻫ��ﺔ‬ 5 :( ‫اء‬��‫اﻟ‬ �‫ﺘ�ﻓ‬ ( � � ) ∝ (�����)"‫اﻟ�اﻓﻌﺔ‬ ‫"اﻟﻘ�ة‬ ( � � )"‫"اﻟ�ﻘﺎوﻤﺔ‬ ) 5 ( ‫أنﱠ‬ �‫ﻫ‬ ‫اﻟ���ﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺄﻤﻞ‬ ��‫ﻋ‬ ‫اﺴ��ﻼﺼﻪ‬ ���� ��‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ�رس‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬ ،‫ﺜَ�ﱠ‬ �‫وﻤ‬ ‫وﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫)ﺴ��ﺎﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً ��‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﯿ��ﺎرك‬ ‫أن‬ ‫�ﺎﻟ�ﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻏ�ﻲ‬ ‫ﻛ�ﺎن‬ ‫ة‬ ��‫اﻟﻔﻘ‬ ‫اء‬�‫اﻷﺠ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫اﻟ��وة‬ ‫ﻫ�ﻩ‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ‫ا‬ ً‫�د‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫إﻗﺎﻤ‬ ‫���ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻗﺔ‬ ) ‫اﻟ�ﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤ�ﻀﺢ‬ �‫ﻫ‬ ‫و��ﺎ‬ .‫ﺒ��ﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻻﻨ��ﺎم‬ 6 ‫ﻓﺈنﱠ‬ ‫(؛‬ " ‫��ﻪ‬‫ر‬�‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻨ�ن‬ : Fourier’s Law " ‫)ﻟﻠ��ﺼ‬ ) ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬��‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻟ���ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻲ‬ ���‫اﻟ�ﻌ‬ Q ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫اﻹﻟﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﺎﻨ�ن‬ ‫وﻓﻘًﺎ‬ ‫اﻟ���دة‬ ( :‫ﻟﻠ��ﻗﺎت‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬��‫اﻟ‬ �‫ﺘ�ﻓ‬ ( � � ) = (�����) � �� ⁄ ) 6 ( ‫ﻟﻘﺎﻨ�ن‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠ�ﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻀ�ﺢ‬ ‫اض‬�‫ﻷﻏ‬ ‫اﻟ���وﺤﺔ‬ � �‫اﻷﺨ‬ ‫اﻷﻤ�ﻠﺔ‬ ��‫ﺒ‬ �‫وﻤ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫اﻹﻟﻬﻲ‬ ‫�ﻗ‬ ّ �‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺎت‬ ‫�ﺄﺘﻲ‬ " ‫ﻗﺎ‬ Law " ��‫�ﺎﻻﻨ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻨ�ﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻘ�ﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎدة‬ �‫ﺘ�ﻓ‬ ���� ��‫اﻟ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟ����ﺎﺌ�ﺔ؛‬ ‫اﻟﻬ��ﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤ�ﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫أوم‬ : Ohm’s Law " .‫اﻹﻟ���وﻨﺎت‬ �‫ﺒ��ﻓ‬ ��‫ﺘ‬�‫ﯿ‬ ��‫اﻟ‬‫و‬ ‫�ﺎﺌ�ﺔ؛‬�‫اﻟ�ﻬ‬ ‫اﻟﻬ��ﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤ�ﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ) ‫اﻟ��ﻀ��ﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻞ‬ 3 :( ‫اﻟﻌﻠ‬ ��‫اﻨ‬�‫ﻗ‬ � ‫اﻹﻟﻬﻲ‬ (‫اﻟ��ﻟﻒ‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺘ�ﻀ��ﻲ‬ ‫)ﺸ�ﻞ‬ 31 ‫ار‬��‫اﻟ‬ ) ‫ة‬ Q .( ‫���ﺔ‬ �‫ﻋ‬ ���‫اﻟ�ﻌ‬ ���� ،‫اﻟ�ﯿ�ﺎﻤ���ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻨ��ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫اﻹﻟﻬﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻨ�ن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ً ‫و��ﺎء‬ ) ‫اﻟ�ﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻨ�ﻋﻲ‬ ٍ‫���ﻞ‬ ‫ﺼ�ﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻫ��ﺔ‬ 5 :( ‫اء‬��‫اﻟ‬ �‫ﺘ�ﻓ‬ ( � � ) ∝ (�����)"‫اﻟ�اﻓﻌﺔ‬ ‫"اﻟﻘ�ة‬ ( � � )"‫"اﻟ�ﻘﺎوﻤﺔ‬ ‫أنﱠ‬ �‫ﻫ‬ ‫اﻟ���ﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺄﻤﻞ‬ ��‫ﻋ‬ ‫اﺴ��ﻼﺼﻪ‬ ���� ��‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ�رس‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬ ،‫ﺜَ�ﱠ‬ �‫وﻤ‬ ‫و‬ ‫)ﺴ��ﺎﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً ��‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﯿ��ﺎرك‬ ‫أن‬ ‫�ﺎﻟ�ﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻏ�ﻲ‬ ‫ﻛ�ﺎن‬ ‫ة‬ ��‫اﻟﻔﻘ‬ ‫اء‬�‫اﻷﺠ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫اﻟ��وة‬ ‫ﻫ�ﻩ‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ‫ا‬ ً‫�د‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ��� ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻗﺔ‬ ) ‫اﻟ�ﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤ�ﻀﺢ‬ �‫ﻫ‬ ‫و��ﺎ‬ .‫ﺒ��ﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻻﻨ��ﺎم‬ 6 ‫ﻓﺈنﱠ‬ ‫(؛‬ " ‫��ﻪ‬‫ر‬�‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﻗﺎﻨ�ن‬ : Fourier’s Law " ) ) ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬��‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻟ���ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻲ‬ ���‫اﻟ�ﻌ‬ Q ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫اﻹﻟﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﺎﻨ�ن‬ ‫وﻓﻘًﺎ‬ ‫اﻟ���دة‬ ( :‫ﻟﻠ��ﻗﺎت‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬��‫اﻟ‬ �‫ﺘ�ﻓ‬ ( � � ) = (�����) � �� ⁄ ) ‫ﻟﻘﺎﻨ�ن‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻠ�ﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻀ�ﺢ‬ ‫اض‬�‫ﻷﻏ‬ ‫اﻟ���وﺤﺔ‬ � �‫اﻷﺨ‬ ‫اﻷﻤ�ﻠﺔ‬ ��‫ﺒ‬ �‫وﻤ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫اﻹﻟﻬﻲ‬ ‫�ﻗ‬ ّ �‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﺎت‬ ‫�ﺄﺘ‬ Law " � ‫اﻟ��ﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻨ�ﻘﺎل‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻘ�ﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎدة‬ �‫ﺘ�ﻓ‬ ���� ��‫اﻟ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟ����ﺎﺌ�ﺔ؛‬ ‫اﻟﻬ��ﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤ�ﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫أوم‬ : Ohm’s Law " .‫اﻹﻟ���وﻨﺎت‬ �‫ﺒ��ﻓ‬ ��‫ﺘ‬�‫ﯿ‬ ��‫اﻟ‬‫و‬ ‫�ﺎﺌ�ﺔ؛‬�‫اﻟ�ﻬ‬ ‫اﻟﻬ��ﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻤ�ﺎل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ) ‫اﻟ��ﻀ��ﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻞ‬ 3 :( ‫اﻟﻌﻠ‬ ��‫اﻨ‬�‫ﻗ‬ � ‫اﻹﻟﻬﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻟﻒ‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺘ�ﻀ��ﻲ‬ ‫)ﺸ�ﻞ‬
  • 37.
  • 38.
    A corriger Correction Enleverle gras ‫ﻟﻌﺎم‬ ‫ﯾﻨﺎﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻐﯿﻮم‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻠﺒﺪة‬ ‫اﻷﯾﺎم‬ ‫أﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ 1981 ‫ﺻﺪﯾﻘﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻓﻘﺔ‬ ُ‫ذھﺒﺖ‬ ، ‫"إﻣﺒﺎﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﺰﯾﺎرة‬ ‫ﻧﯿﻮﯾﻮرك‬ ‫ﻣﺪﯾﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﮭﺎﺗﻦ‬ ‫وﺳﻂ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ (‫)أﺣﻤﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺰاﺋﺮي‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﻌﺪ‬ ّ‫ﻞ‬‫ﻧﺴﺘﻘ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺎ‬ ‫وﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ‬ ،"‫ﺳﺘﯿﺖ‬ 102 ‫ا‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻮى‬ َ ‫َﺮ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬ ،‫ﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ ule en haut ‫اﻟﺘﺒﺨﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻓﻖ‬ ( 𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊) ∝ (𝑃𝑃 �,���� 𝑃𝑃�,���) � 1 𝑘𝑘��� � Inverser ) w, sky P - w, sea (P � ‫ﯾ‬ anqué le point a la fin de ayah. lever le numero 21 en jaune ِ‫ﮫ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬ ُ‫ج‬ ِ ‫ْﺮ‬‫ُﺨ‬‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ُﻢ‬‫ﺛ‬ ِ ‫ض‬ْ‫َر‬ ْ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ِﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ َ‫ِﯿﻊ‬‫َﺎﺑ‬‫ﻨ‬َ‫ﯾ‬ ُ‫ﮫ‬َ‫ﻜ‬َ‫ﻠ‬َ‫ﺴ‬َ‫ﻓ‬ ً‫ء‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬ ِ‫َﺎء‬‫ﱠﻤ‬‫ﺴ‬‫اﻟ‬ َ‫ﻦ‬ِ‫ﻣ‬ َ‫ل‬َ‫ﺰ‬‫َﻧ‬‫أ‬ َ ‫ﱠ‬ � ‫ﱠ‬‫ن‬َ‫أ‬ َ‫َﺮ‬‫ﺗ‬ ْ ‫َﻢ‬‫ﻟ‬َ‫]أ‬ َ‫ِﻚ‬‫ﻟ‬ ٰ َ‫ذ‬ ‫ِﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬ ۚ ‫ًﺎ‬‫َﺎﻣ‬‫ُﻄ‬‫ﺣ‬ ُ‫ﮫ‬ُ‫ﻠ‬َ‫ﻌ‬ْ‫ﺠ‬َ‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ُﻢ‬‫ﺛ‬ ‫ا‬�‫َﺮ‬‫ﻔ‬ْ‫ﺼ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬ ُ‫ه‬‫َا‬‫َﺮ‬‫ﺘ‬َ ‫ﻓ‬ ُ‫ﺞ‬‫ِﯿ‬ ‫َﮭ‬‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ُﻢ‬‫ﺛ‬ ُ‫ﮫ‬ُ‫ﻧ‬‫ا‬َ‫ْﻮ‬‫َﻟ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ًﺎ‬‫ﻔ‬ِ‫ﻠ‬َ‫ﺘ‬ْ‫ﺨ‬ ‫ﱡ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ًﺎ‬‫ﻋ‬ْ‫َر‬‫ز‬ [ِ‫ب‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﺒ‬ْ‫َﻟ‬ ْ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ِﻲ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ُو‬ ِ ‫ﻷ‬ ٰ ‫َى‬‫ْﺮ‬‫ﻛ‬ِ‫ﺬ‬َ‫ﻟ‬ ) ‫اﻟﺰﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﻮرة‬ :‫اﻟﻜﺮﯾﻢ‬ ‫)اﻟﻘﺮآن‬ 39 :‫اﻵﯾﺔ‬ ،( 21 .( lever le numero 58 en jaune ُ‫ت‬‫ُﻮ‬‫َﻤ‬‫ﯾ‬ َ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ِي‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﱠ‬‫اﻟ‬ ِّ ‫َﻲ‬‫ﺤ‬ْ‫اﻟ‬ ‫َﻰ‬‫َﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬ ْ‫ﻞ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻛ‬َ‫َﻮ‬‫ﺗ‬َ‫]و‬ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫د‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﺒ‬ِ‫ﻋ‬ ِ‫ب‬‫ُﻮ‬‫ﻧ‬ُ‫ِﺬ‬‫ﺑ‬ ِ‫ﮫ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬ ٰ ‫َﻰ‬‫ﻔ‬َ‫ﻛ‬َ‫و‬ ۚ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ﺪ‬ْ‫َﻤ‬‫ﺤ‬ِ‫ﺑ‬ ْ‫ﺢ‬ِّ‫ﺒ‬َ‫ﺳ‬َ‫و‬ [‫ا‬ً‫ِﯿﺮ‬‫َﺒ‬‫ﺧ‬ ) ‫اﻟﻔﺮﻗﺎن‬ ‫ﺳﻮرة‬ :‫اﻟﻜﺮﯾﻢ‬ ‫)اﻟﻘﺮآن‬ 25 :‫اﻵﯾﺔ‬ ،( 58 .( ِ‫ت‬‫آ‬ َ ‫]و‬ Changer ce qui est en jaune ِ‫ِﯿﻞ‬‫ﱠﺒ‬‫ﺴ‬‫اﻟ‬ َ‫ﻦ‬ْ‫ﺑ‬‫ا‬َ‫و‬ َ‫ﻦ‬‫ِﯿ‬‫ﻜ‬ْ‫ﺴ‬ِ‫ﻤ‬ْ‫اﻟ‬َ‫و‬ ُ‫ﮫ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻘ‬َ‫ﺣ‬ ٰ ‫َﻰ‬‫ﺑ‬ْ‫ُﺮ‬‫ﻘ‬ْ‫اﻟ‬ ‫َا‬‫ذ‬ ِ‫ت‬‫آ‬َ‫]و‬ ) ‫ا‬ً‫ِﯾﺮ‬‫ﺬ‬ْ‫ﺒ‬َ‫ﺗ‬ ْ‫ِر‬ ّ‫َﺬ‬‫ﺒ‬ُ‫ﺗ‬ َ ‫ﻻ‬َ‫و‬ 26 ‫ﱠ‬‫ن‬ِ‫إ‬ ( ) ‫ا‬ً‫ُﻮر‬‫ﻔ‬َ‫ﻛ‬ ِ‫ﮫ‬ِّ‫ﺑ‬َ‫ِﺮ‬‫ﻟ‬ ُ‫ن‬‫َﺎ‬‫ْﻄ‬‫ﯿ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﺸ‬‫اﻟ‬ َ‫ن‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﻛ‬َ‫و‬ ۖ ِ ‫ِﯿﻦ‬‫ط‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﯿ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﺸ‬‫اﻟ‬ َ‫ن‬‫ا‬َ‫ﻮ‬ْ‫ِﺧ‬‫إ‬ ‫ُﻮا‬‫ﻧ‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﻛ‬ َ‫ﻦ‬‫ﯾ‬ ِ ‫ِر‬ ّ‫َﺬ‬‫ﺒ‬ُ‫ْﻤ‬‫اﻟ‬ 27 [( ) ‫اﻹﺳﺮاء‬ ‫ﺳﻮرة‬ :‫اﻟﻜﺮﯾﻢ‬ ‫)اﻟﻘﺮآن‬ 17 ،( :‫اﻵﯾﺘﺎن‬ 26 - 27 .( Ref 69 manque 69. Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 6099, Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 2818 tions er en fin de ligne et changer de style ) 1 ( Metter en fin de ligne ) 2 ( Mettre en fin de ligne ) 3 ( Rien a changer Rien a changer nger position en fin de ligne. ) 6 ( er en fin de ligne et changer de ) 7 ( Correction ‫ﻟﻌﺎم‬ ‫ﯾﻨﺎﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻐﯿﻮم‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻠﺒﺪة‬ ‫اﻷﯾﺎم‬ ‫أﺣﺪ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ 1981 ‫ﺻ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻓﻘﺔ‬ ُ‫ذھﺒﺖ‬ ، ‫ﻣﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﺰﯾﺎرة‬ ‫ﻧﯿﻮﯾﻮرك‬ ‫ﻣﺪﯾﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻧﮭﺎﺗﻦ‬ ‫وﺳﻂ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ (‫)أﺣﻤﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﺰاﺋﺮي‬ ‫اﻟﻄﺎﺑﻖ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﻌﺪ‬ ّ‫ﻞ‬‫ﻧﺴﺘﻘ‬ ‫ﻛﻨﺎ‬ ‫وﺑﯿﻨﻤﺎ‬ ،"‫ﺳﺘﯿﺖ‬ 102 ‫ا‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫َﺮ‬‫ﻧ‬ ‫ﻟﻢ‬ ،‫ﻟﻤﺒﻨﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺒﺨﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻓﻖ‬ ( 𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊) ∝ (𝑃𝑃 �,���� 𝑃𝑃�,���) � 1 𝑘𝑘��� � ) w, sky P - w, sea (P ِ ‫ْﺮ‬‫ُﺨ‬‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ُﻢ‬‫ﺛ‬ ِ ‫ض‬ ْ ‫َر‬ ْ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ِﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ َ‫ِﯿﻊ‬ ‫َﺎﺑ‬‫ﻨ‬َ‫ﯾ‬ ُ‫ﮫ‬َ‫ﻜ‬َ‫ﻠ‬َ‫ﺴ‬َ ‫ﻓ‬ ً‫ء‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﻣ‬ ِ ‫َﺎء‬‫ﱠﻤ‬‫ﺴ‬‫اﻟ‬ َ‫ﻦ‬ِ‫ﻣ‬ َ‫ل‬َ‫َﻧﺰ‬ ‫أ‬ َ ‫ﱠ‬ � ‫ﱠ‬‫َن‬ ‫أ‬ َ‫َﺮ‬‫ﺗ‬ ْ ‫َﻢ‬‫ﻟ‬َ ‫]أ‬ َ ‫ذ‬ ‫ِﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ِن‬‫إ‬ ۚ ‫ًﺎ‬‫َﺎﻣ‬‫ُﻄ‬‫ﺣ‬ ُ‫ﮫ‬ُ‫ﻠ‬َ‫ﻌ‬ْ‫َﺠ‬‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ُﻢ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ‫ا‬�‫َﺮ‬‫ﻔ‬ْ‫ﺼ‬ُ‫ﻣ‬ ُ‫ه‬‫َا‬‫َﺮ‬‫ﺘ‬َ ‫ﻓ‬ ُ‫ﺞ‬‫ِﯿ‬ ‫َﮭ‬‫ﯾ‬ ‫ﱠ‬‫ُﻢ‬ ‫ﺛ‬ ُ‫ﮫ‬ُ‫ﻧ‬‫ا‬َ ‫ْﻮ‬‫َﻟ‬ ‫أ‬ ‫ًﺎ‬‫ﻔ‬ِ‫ﻠ‬َ‫ﺘ‬ْ‫ﺨ‬ ‫ﱡ‬‫ﻣ‬ ‫ًﺎ‬‫ﻋ‬ْ ‫ر‬َ‫ز‬ [ِ‫ب‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﺒ‬ْ‫َﻟ‬ ْ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ِﻲ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ُو‬ ِ ‫ﻷ‬ ٰ ‫َى‬‫ْﺮ‬‫ﻛ‬ِ‫ﺬ‬َ‫ﻟ‬ ) ‫اﻟﺰﻣﺮ‬ ‫ﺳﻮرة‬ :‫اﻟﻜﺮﯾﻢ‬ ‫)اﻟﻘﺮآن‬ 39 :‫اﻵﯾﺔ‬ ،( 21 .( ُ‫ت‬‫ُﻮ‬‫َﻤ‬‫ﯾ‬ َ ‫ﻻ‬ ‫ِي‬‫ﺬ‬‫ﱠ‬‫اﻟ‬ ِّ ‫َﻲ‬‫ﺤ‬ْ‫اﻟ‬ ‫َﻰ‬‫َﻠ‬‫ﻋ‬ ْ‫ﻞ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻛ‬ َ ‫َﻮ‬‫ﺗ‬ َ ‫]و‬ ‫ﻋ‬ ِ‫ب‬‫ُﻮ‬‫ﻧ‬ُ ‫ِﺬ‬ ‫ﺑ‬ ِ‫ﮫ‬ِ ‫ﺑ‬ ٰ ‫َﻰ‬‫ﻔ‬َ‫ﻛ‬َ ‫و‬ ۚ ِ‫ه‬ِ‫ﺪ‬ْ‫َﻤ‬‫ﺤ‬ِ ‫ﺑ‬ ْ‫ﺢ‬ِّ‫ﺒ‬َ‫ﺳ‬َ ‫و‬ [‫ا‬ً ‫ِﯿﺮ‬ ‫َﺒ‬‫ﺧ‬ ) ‫اﻟﻔﺮﻗﺎن‬ ‫ﺳﻮرة‬ :‫اﻟﻜﺮﯾﻢ‬ ‫)اﻟﻘﺮآن‬ 25 :‫اﻵﯾﺔ‬ ،( 58 .( ِ‫ِﯿﻞ‬‫ﱠﺒ‬‫ﺴ‬‫اﻟ‬ َ‫ْﻦ‬‫ﺑ‬‫ا‬َ‫و‬ َ‫ِﯿﻦ‬‫ﻜ‬ْ‫ﺴ‬ِ‫ْﻤ‬‫اﻟ‬َ‫و‬ ُ‫ﮫ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﻘ‬َ‫ﺣ‬ ٰ ‫َﻰ‬‫ﺑ‬ْ‫ُﺮ‬‫ﻘ‬ْ‫اﻟ‬ ‫َا‬ ‫ذ‬ ِ‫ت‬‫آ‬َ‫]و‬ ) ‫ا‬ً‫ِﯾﺮ‬‫ﺬ‬ْ‫ﺒ‬َ‫ﺗ‬ ْ‫ِر‬ ّ ‫َﺬ‬‫ﺒ‬ُ‫ﺗ‬ َ ‫ﻻ‬َ‫و‬ 26 ( ) ‫ا‬ً ‫ُﻮر‬‫ﻔ‬َ‫ﻛ‬ ِ‫ﮫ‬ِّ‫ﺑ‬َ‫ِﺮ‬‫ﻟ‬ ُ‫ن‬‫َﺎ‬‫ْﻄ‬‫ﯿ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﺸ‬‫اﻟ‬ َ‫َﺎن‬‫ﻛ‬ َ ‫و‬ ۖ ِ ‫ﯿﻦ‬ِ‫َﺎط‬‫ﯿ‬‫ﱠ‬‫ﺸ‬‫اﻟ‬ َ‫ان‬َ ‫ﻮ‬ْ‫ِﺧ‬‫إ‬ ‫ُﻮا‬‫ﻧ‬‫َﺎ‬‫ﻛ‬ َ‫ﯾﻦ‬ ِ ‫ِر‬ ّ ‫َﺬ‬‫ﺒ‬ُ‫ْﻤ‬‫اﻟ‬ 27 ) ‫اﻹﺳﺮاء‬ ‫ﺳﻮرة‬ :‫اﻟﻜﺮﯾﻢ‬ ‫)اﻟﻘﺮآن‬ 17 ،( :‫اﻵﯾﺘﺎن‬ 26 - 27 .( 69. Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī 6099, Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim 2818
  • 39.
    37 ) ‫اﻻﺤ��ﺎك‬ �����‫ﻋ‬ � ُ � ُ �‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎء‬ ‫ﻨﻘﻞ‬ �‫ﺗ�ﻓ‬ ����‫ﺗ‬ ��‫ﯿ‬ air R ‫و‬ .���‫اﻟ‬ ‫اء‬�‫اﻟﻬ‬ �‫ﻋ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﺗﺞ‬ ( ‫ﻋﻠ‬ ً ‫��ﺎء‬ ) ‫�ﺎح‬�‫اﻟ‬ ���� �‫ﻋ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻘ�ل‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎء‬ �‫ﺗ�ﻓ‬ �‫ﻋ‬ ���‫اﻟ�ﻌ‬ ���� ،����‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻋ�ﻠ�ﺔ‬ WT ‫ﺨﻼل‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻨ�ﻋﻲ‬ ٍ‫���ﻞ‬ ( ‫اﻟ�ﻘﻞ‬ �‫ﺗ�ﻓ‬ ( 𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊) ∝ (������ ����) ���� ) �‫اﻟ��ﻓ‬ ‫��ﺎس‬ ��‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ً‫ﻋﺎدة‬ WT ) �‫اﻟ�ﺄﻓ‬ ‫ﻤﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬ ‫�ﺎﺴ���ام‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻘ�ل‬ ( advection equation ( ‫؛‬ ��‫ﺗ‬ ��‫ﺤ‬ .‫اﻟﻌ�ﻠ�ﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ة‬ �‫اﻟ��ﺜ‬ ‫ات‬��‫اﻤ‬‫ر‬‫اﻟ�ﺎ‬ �‫أﻫ‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ���‫اﺜ‬ ‫او��ﻬﺎ‬‫ز‬‫و‬ :‫اﻷرﻀ�ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎذﺒ�ﺔ‬ ��‫ﺘﺄﺜ‬ ‫ﻨ���ﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻤ�ﺎر‬ ‫ﻫ��ل‬ َ� ُ� َ ‫]و‬ [‫ﺎ‬ َ ‫ِﻬ‬‫ﺘ‬ ْ � َ ‫ﻤ‬ َ� ْ ‫ﻌ‬َ� َ ‫ض‬ْ ‫َر‬ْ‫اﻷ‬ ِ‫ِﻪ‬� ‫ِﻲ‬� ْ �ُ�َ� ً ‫ﺎء‬ َ ‫ﻤ‬ ِ‫ﺎء‬ َ � ‫اﻟ�ﱠ‬ َ�ِ‫ﻤ‬ ُ ‫�ِّل‬ ) ‫اﻟ�وم‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬�‫ﺴ‬ :����‫اﻟ‬ ‫آن‬ �‫)اﻟﻘ‬ 30 ‫اﻵ�ﺔ‬ ،( : 24 .( ‫ﻋ��ﻤﺎ‬ ��‫ﺗ‬�‫ﯿ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬‫اﻟ�ﺎ‬ ��‫اﻟ�ﻼ‬ �‫ﻟ��ﻓ��ﻬ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻘ�ﻠﺔ‬ ‫وﺗ‬ ‫ﻐ�و‬ ‫�ﻌ‬ �‫ﺗ�ﻬ‬ ،‫اﻟ��ﺎء‬ ‫ﺒ�ودة‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫داﻛ�ﺔ‬ � ُ � ُ �‫اﻟ‬ .‫اﻟ�ﻠ�ج‬‫و‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻤ�ﺎر‬ ‫ﺴﻘ��ًﺎ‬ ‫اﻷرض‬ ‫ﺴ�ﺢ‬ :‫��ﺔ‬��‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻵ�ﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ورد‬ ‫و��ﺎ‬ ٍ ّ ‫ﻲ‬ َ ‫ﺤ‬ ٍ‫ء‬ ْ ‫ﻲ‬ َ‫ﺸ‬ ‫ﻞﱠ‬ُ� ِ‫ﺎء‬ َ �ْ‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ َ�ِ‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺎ‬َ�ْ‫ﻠ‬ َ ‫ﻌ‬ َ ‫ﺠ‬ َ ‫]و‬ َ‫َﻓَﻼ‬‫أ‬ ) ‫اﻷﻨ��ﺎء‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬�‫ﺴ‬ :����‫اﻟ‬ ‫آن‬ �‫)اﻟﻘ‬ 21 ‫اﻵ�ﺔ‬ ،( : 30 ‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤ���ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﺎة‬ (‫وﺗﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫)ﺴ��ﺎﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﺠﻌﻞ‬ �‫ﻓﻘ‬ ‫(؛‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻠ�ج‬‫و‬ ‫اﻷﻤ�ﺎر‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ‫اﻟ����ن‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎء‬ ‫وﺠ�د‬ . ‫ﻟ�ﺎﻟﻘ�ﺎ‬ ���‫اﻟ�ﺎﻛ‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻨ��ن‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﯿ�ﻓﻌ�ﺎ‬ �‫اﻷﻤ‬ ‫ﻫ�ا‬ ،��‫ﺗﻘ�ﯿ‬ ‫وﻓﻲ‬ ��‫وﺗ‬ ."‫زﱠاق‬‫"اﻟ�ﱠ‬ �‫وﻫ‬ ‫اﻟ���ﻰ؛‬ ‫أﺴ�ﺎﺌﻪ‬ ‫ﻟﻠ��ﻗﺎ‬ ‫اﻷول‬ ‫اﻹﻟﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﺎﻨ�ن‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎء‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬‫دو‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ‫ة‬ ��‫اﻷﺨ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﺤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻊ‬ ) ‫اﻟ�ﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻟ�ﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫���ﺔ‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟ���ﻔﺔ‬ � ُ � ُ �‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﺠ�د‬ ‫ﻟﻠ�ﺎء‬ High PE �� ‫ﺗ��ن‬ ‫ﺒ���ﺎ‬ ،( ‫�ﺔ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻀﻊ‬ ‫�ﺎﻗﺔ‬ ) ‫اﻷرض‬ ‫ﺴ�ﺢ‬ ����‫ﻤ‬ low PE ‫ج‬ ‫ﺗ�ر‬ ‫ﻞ‬ّ ِ���� ،‫ﻟﻠ��ﻗﺎت‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫اﻹﻟﻬﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻨ�ن‬ �‫ﻋ‬ ‫أﻤﺎ‬ .( ) ‫اء‬��‫اﻟ‬ low E ‫اء‬�‫اﻟﻬ‬ �‫ﺨﻠ‬ �‫ﻗ‬ "��ِ‫"اﻟ�ﱠﺤ‬ ‫أنﱠ‬ ���‫�ﺎﻟ‬ �‫وﺠ�ﯿ‬ .‫اﻟ�ﺎء‬ ‫ﻫ��ل‬ ‫ﻟﻌ�ﻠ�ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ�اﻓﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘ�ة‬ ،‫اﻷرض‬ ‫ﺒ�ﺔ‬ ‫ﺠﺎذ‬ �‫ﻋ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﺗﺞ‬
  • 40.
    38 ���‫اﻟ‬ ‫وﻗ�ﻞ‬ ‫اء‬�‫ﺴ‬ ٍ�‫ﺤ‬‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻨﺎت‬���‫اﻟ‬‫و‬ . ��� (‫اﻟ�ﻠ�ج‬ ‫أو‬ ‫)اﻷﻤ�ﺎر‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎء‬ ‫ﻫ��ل‬ �‫ﺘ�ﻓ‬ ‫وﺼﻒ‬ ���� ،‫ا‬ ً ��‫أﺨ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻟ�ﺔ‬ : ‫اﻟﻬ��ل‬ �‫ﺘ�ﻓ‬ (𝑊𝑊𝑊𝑊) ∝ (������� �����) ���� ) 9 ( ) ‫اﻟ���ﺔ‬ ‫ﻫ�ﻩ‬ ‫ﺤ�ﺎب‬ ��‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ ً‫ﻋﺎدة‬ WF ‫اﻷﻤ�ﺎر‬ ��‫ﺴﻘ‬ ‫ﺸ�ة‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ( ‫اﻟ�ﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ���ﺎﻗ‬ ‫اﻷﻤ�ﺎر‬ ‫���ﺔ‬ ‫ﺘ�ﻀﺢ‬ ‫ة‬ ��‫ﻓ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻤ‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ‫)ﻤ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ات‬����‫�ﺎﻟ�ﻠ‬ ‫��ﺎﺴﻬﺎ‬ ��‫ﯿ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻲ‬‫و‬ ،� ‫ﻠ‬ .(‫ﺴﺎﻋﺔ‬ / � [ َ��ِ�ِ‫ﻤ‬ ْ � ُ �ْ‫ﻠ‬ِّ‫ﻟ‬ ٍ ‫ﺎت‬ َ � َ‫ﻵ‬ ِ‫ض‬ْ ‫َر‬ْ‫اﻷ‬ َ ‫و‬ ِ ‫ات‬ َ ‫ﺎو‬ َ � ‫اﻟ�ﱠ‬ ‫ﻓِﻲ‬ ‫نﱠ‬ ) ‫اﻟ�ﺎﺜ�ﺔ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬�‫ﺴ‬ :����‫اﻟ‬ ‫آن‬ �‫)اﻟﻘ‬ 45 ‫اﻵ�ﺔ‬ ،( : 3 ( ‫اﻵ�ﺔ‬ ‫ﻫ�ﻩ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ً ‫ﺒ�ﺎء‬ ‫��ﺔ‬��‫اﻟ‬ �‫و�ﺎﻟ‬ ، ��‫ﻔ‬ ) ‫اﻟ��ﻀ��ﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ����ﺔ‬ �‫اﻷﺴﻬ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ 4 ‫ﻤ���ر‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ( ‫ﻤ��ﻘﺔ‬ �‫ﻤ‬ � ��� ‫اﻟ�ﺎء‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬‫دو‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻓﻘﺎت‬ ‫اﺘ�ﺎﻩ‬ ‫�ﺄن‬ ‫اﻟﻘ�ل‬ ‫ﻏ��ﺔ‬ ‫ﻤ��ﻘﺔ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫�ﺎﻟ�ﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫ة‬ ��‫ﻓﻘ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻗﺔ‬ ‫اﻷو‬ ‫اﻹﻟﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻘﺎﻨ�ن‬ ‫اﻟ���ﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻤ��ﺎل‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻠ�ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻼﻤﺎت‬ ‫��ﺔ‬��‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻵ�ﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤ�ﻀﺢ‬ �‫ﻫ‬ ‫��ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠ��ﻗﺎت؛‬ ‫ل‬ ) ��‫ﺤ‬ �‫اﻟ‬ 55 ‫اﻵ�ﺔ‬ ،( : 7 ‫اﻵ�ﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻤ�ﻀﺢ‬ �‫ﻫ‬ ‫و��ﺎ‬ ،‫�ﻗﺎت‬ ّ �‫ﻟﻠ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫اﻹﻟﻬﻲ‬ ‫�ﺎﻟﻘﺎﻨ�ن‬ �‫ﯿ�ﻌﻠ‬ ‫���ﺎ‬ ‫أﻤﺎ‬‫و‬ .( ) ���‫اﻟ‬ 15 ‫اﻵ�ﺔ‬ ،( : 21 ‫ا‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ����ﺎت‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ‫اﻹﻟﻬﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻐ�ض‬ ����� ،�‫اﻟ�ﺎﺒ‬ ‫اﻟﻔ�ﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ��‫ذ‬ ‫ارد‬�‫اﻟ‬ ( ) ‫اﻟ�ﺎء‬ ‫��ﺎر‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ‫�ﻌ��ﻪ‬ ‫ﻤ��د‬ �‫ﺘ�ﻓ‬ ��‫ﺘ�ﻟ‬ ‫أﺠﻞ‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ‫اﻟ����ﺔ‬ WE ‫ﺼ�ﻗﺔ‬ ‫���ﺎ�ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟ���ن‬ ،‫ا‬ ً �‫ﺘﻘ�ﯿ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ر‬‫ﻗ�ﱠ‬ �‫ﻗ‬ ( ‫اﻟ�ﻔﺎ�ﺔ‬ ‫��ﻪ‬ ‫��ﺎ‬ ‫ﻏ��ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ����ﺎت‬ ‫ﻓ�ق‬ ‫اﻟ��ﺎء‬ ‫ﺘ��ﺢ‬ ،‫اﻟ��ﺤﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫ�ﻩ‬ �‫ﻋﻘ‬ .‫اﻟ����ﺎت‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟ��ﺎر‬ ‫ﻓ�ق‬ �‫ﻤ‬ � ‫اﻻﺴ�ﻌﺎﻨﺔ‬ �‫ﻫ‬ ‫اﻹﻟﻬﻲ‬ ‫اﺠ�ﻬﺎ‬‫و‬ ‫���ﺢ‬ ‫ﻟﻠ�ﺎ‬ �‫اﻟ��ﻓ‬ �‫ذﻟ‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ‫�ﻌ��ﻪ‬ ‫ﻤ��د‬ ��‫ﻗ‬ ���‫ﺘﻘ‬ ‫أﺠﻞ‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ‫�ﺎح‬�‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻘ�ة‬ .‫اﻟ�ﺎ��ﺔ‬ ‫ﻓ�ق‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠ��ﺎء‬ ‫ﺼ�ﻗﺔ‬ ‫���ﺎ�ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟ���ن‬ ،‫ﺎ‬ً‫ﻤ��ﻘ‬ (‫وﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫)ﺴ��ﺎﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﺤ�دﻩ‬ ��ّ‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬‫و‬ ،(� ُ � ُ �‫اﻟ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺨ‬‫أ‬ ‫���ﺢ‬ ،(‫اﻟ���ﻔﺔ‬ � ُ � ُ �‫)اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎء‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ‫��ﻔﻲ‬ ‫��ﺎ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً ��‫أ‬ ‫ﻏ��ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎ��ﺔ‬ ‫ﻓ�ق‬ ‫اﻟ��ﺎء‬ ‫ﺘ��ﺢ‬ ‫ﻤ�ﻬ‬ ‫اﻹﻟﻬﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻐ�ض‬ ) ‫ج‬ �‫ﺜﻠ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫أﻤ�ﺎر‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬�‫ﺼ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎء‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ‫ء‬ �‫ﺠ‬ ���‫ﺘﻘ‬ ‫أﺠﻞ‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ‫اﻷرض‬ ‫ﺠﺎذﺒ�ﺔ‬ WF ‫ﻟ���ن‬ ،‫ا‬ ً �‫ﺘﻘ�ﯿ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﻩ‬ ‫ر‬�‫ﻗ‬ �‫ﻗ‬ (
  • 60.
    61 3 . ��‫ﺸ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ،���‫اﻵﺨ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫اﻟ���ﺔ‬‫اﻟ�ﻌﺎﻤﻼت‬ ‫أﺜ�ﺎء‬ ���‫�ﺎﻟ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻠﻲ‬‫و‬ ّ�‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫��ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷﻟ�؛‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟ��ة‬ ‫أوﻗﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ � ّ ��‫ﻤ‬ ّ ‫�ﻲ‬ ) �‫وﺴﻠ‬ ‫ﻋﻠ�ﻪ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﺼﻠﻰ‬ ( َ‫ذَاك‬ َ �ْ �َ‫ﻟ‬ َ ‫و‬ ٌ �ْ � َ‫ﺨ‬ ُ‫ﻠﱠﻪ‬ُ� ُ ‫ﻩ‬ َ � ْ ‫َﻤ‬‫أ‬ ‫إِنﱠ‬ ِ�ِ‫ﻤ‬ ْ � ُ �ْ‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ِ� ْ ‫َﻤ‬‫ﻷ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً � َ �َ‫"ﻋ‬ : َ‫ﻷ‬ ُ ‫�ﱠاء‬ َ ‫ﺴ‬ ُ‫�ْﻪ‬ َ ‫ﺎﺒ‬ َ ‫َﺼ‬‫أ‬ ْ ‫إِن‬ ِ�ِ‫ﻤ‬ ْ � ُ �ْ‫ﻠ‬ِ‫ﻟ‬ ‫إِﻻﱠ‬ ٍ� َ ‫ﺤ‬ " ُ‫ﻟَﻪ‬ ‫ا‬ ً �ْ � َ‫ﺨ‬ َ‫ﻓَ�َﺎن‬ َ �َ � َ ‫ﺼ‬ ُ ‫�ﱠاء‬ َ ‫ﻀ‬ ُ‫�ْﻪ‬ َ ‫ﺎﺒ‬ َ ‫َﺼ‬‫أ‬ ْ ‫ِن‬� َ ‫و‬ ُ‫ﻟَﻪ‬ ‫ا‬ ً �ْ � َ‫ﺨ‬ َ ‫ن‬ 29 . ‫و‬ُ� ِ‫ﺎﻫ‬ َ ‫ﺠ‬ َ ‫و‬ َ‫�ﻠَﺔ‬ ِ‫ﺴ‬ َ �ْ‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ِ‫ﻪ‬ ْ �َ‫إِﻟ‬ ْ‫ا‬�ُ‫�َﻐ‬ ْ ‫اﺒ‬ َ ‫و‬ َ ‫�ﱠ‬ ْ‫ا‬�ُ‫اﺘﱠﻘ‬ ْ‫ا‬�ُ� َ ‫آﻤ‬ َ �‫ﯿ‬ ِ�‫اﻟﱠ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ َ ‫ﱡﻬ‬‫ﯿ‬َ‫أ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ َ �] [ َ‫�ن‬ ُ �ِ‫ﻠ‬ْ‫ﺘُﻔ‬ ْ �ُ�‫ﻠﱠ‬ َ ‫ﻟَﻌ‬ ِ‫�ِ�ﻠِﻪ‬ َ ‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﻓِﻲ‬ ْ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬�‫ﺴ‬ :����‫اﻟ‬ ‫آن‬ �‫)اﻟﻘ‬ ) ‫اﻟ�ﺎﺌ�ة‬ 5 :‫اﻵ�ﺔ‬ ،( 35 ( 1 . ��‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﺨ�ﻼف‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫إ��ﺎﺒﻲ‬ ‫ﻤ���ر‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ���‫�ﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ���‫)ﻤ‬ �‫اﻟ��ﯿ‬ ��‫ﺒ‬ �‫ﺼ‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻰ‬ ���‫)ﻤ‬ ��‫اﻟ��ؤوﺴ‬‫و‬ ( ‫أﻗﻞ‬ ( ّ ‫اﻟﻬ�ﻤﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻠ�ﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ) ‫أﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ة‬ ���� ‫ﯿ���ﻊ‬ �‫اﻟ��ﯿ‬ ‫�ﺎن‬ ‫ﻓﺈذا‬ ،‫ﻤ�ﺴ�ﺔ‬ �‫ﻷ‬ ‫اﻷﻏ��ﺎء‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬‫اﻟ�ﻬﺎ‬ �‫)اﻟﻔﻘ‬ ��‫اﻟ���ﻔ‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ( ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬‫اﻟ�ﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﯿ‬ ( � ُ � �‫ﻋﻠ�ﻬ‬ ‫ف‬ َ �� ‫؛‬ �‫إﻟ�ﻬ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﺎﻋ�ة‬ ���‫ﺘﻘ‬ �‫ﻟﻠ��ﯿ‬ ���� ‫ﻓ���ﻬﺎ‬ ، ‫ﻟ�ﻔ‬ ‫ﻤ�ﺠ�ﺔ‬ ��� ��‫ﺘ�ﻘ‬ �‫ذﻟ‬ �‫ﻋ‬ ‫وﺴ���ﺞ‬ ��‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﺎءة‬ :‫اﻟ��ﺴ�ﺔ‬ �‫ﻤ‬ �����‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻫ�ا‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻌ�ﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻌ�ﻞ‬ ��‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺎءة‬ ∝ �‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﻏ��ﺎء‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬‫اﻟ�ﻬﺎ‬ � ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اء‬�‫اﻟﻔﻘ‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬‫اﻟ�ﻬﺎ‬ � ���‫ﻤ‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻰ‬ ����‫ﻤ‬ ‫أﻗﻞ‬ > 0 ) 10 ( ‫اﻟ�ﻓﺎء‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ �‫ﻏ‬ �‫ﯿ‬ �‫اﻟ��ﯿ‬ ‫�ﺎن‬ ‫إذا‬ ،�‫ذﻟ‬ �‫ﻋ‬ ً‫ﻓ�ﻼ‬ � ��‫اﻟﻔ‬ ‫أﻋ�ﺎء‬ ‫ﻤ�ﺎﻋ�ة‬ ���� �‫ﻋ‬ ‫ﻟﻠ��ﻗﺎت‬ ‫اﻷول‬ ‫اﻹﻟﻬﻲ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﻘﺎﻨ�ن‬ ،� ‫اﻹﻟ‬ ‫�ﺎﻟﻘﺎﻨ�ن‬ �‫ﯿ�ﻌﻠ‬ ‫و���ﺎ‬ .‫ﻟﻠ��ﻗﺎت‬ ��‫اﻷﺒ‬ ����‫اﻟ‬ ��‫ﻨ‬ ‫وﺘ����ﻬﺎ‬ �‫اﻟ�ﻔ‬ ��‫ﺘ�ﻬ‬ ‫ة‬ �‫اﻟ��ﯿ‬ / �‫اﻟ��ﯿ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ��‫ﻓ��ﻌ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻬﻲ‬ �‫اﻟ��ﯿ‬ ‫ﻫ�ا‬ ‫ﻤ�ﺎﻋ�ة‬ ���� �‫ﻋ‬ ��� ُ‫ﯿ‬ ��‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟﻌ�ﻞ‬ ��‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬ ،‫ﻟﻠ��ﻗﺎت‬ / ‫)اﻟ��ﻞ‬ ‫ﺼ�ﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻬﺎ‬ / ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ���ُ�‫ﺴ‬ ‫ة‬ �‫اﻟ��ﯿ‬ ‫ﻫ�ﻩ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻀ��ﻲ‬ 7 .(
  • 61.
    62 ) ‫اﻟ��ﻀ��ﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻞ‬ 7 :( ‫اﻟ��ﻟﻒ‬�‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﺘ�ﻀ��ﻲ‬ ‫)ﺸ�ﻞ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﺄ‬ ����‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ��‫اﻟ���ﻔ‬ �‫�ﻌ‬ ���‫ﺘﻌ‬ ‫ﻓﺈنﱠ‬ ،�‫ذﻟ‬ �‫ﻤ‬ �‫ﻏ‬ �‫و�ﺎﻟ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﺎدة‬ ‫ﻤ�ﺢ‬ ‫ا‬‫و‬‫اد‬‫ر‬‫أ‬ ‫إذا‬ ��‫أﻛ‬ ‫وﻤ��وﻟ�ﺎت‬ ‫ﺴﻠ�ﺔ‬ ‫ذات‬ �‫ﻤ�ﺎﺼ‬ ‫ﯿ�ﻘﻠ�ون‬ �‫اﻟ�ﯿ‬ ��‫اﻟ���ﻔ‬ �‫�ﻌ‬ ،‫اﻟ��ﺎﻋ�ة‬ �‫ﻤ‬ �‫اﻟ��ﯿ‬ ����‫ﯿ‬ �‫ﻟ‬ ‫ﻓ���ﻬﺎ‬ ،‫أﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺘﻘ��ﺔ‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬‫��ﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﯿ���ﻌ�ن‬ �‫وﻟ��ﻬ‬ ‫أﻗﻞ‬ �‫ﻤ�ﺎﺼ‬ ‫ﯿ�ﻘﻠ�ون‬ �‫اﻟ�ﯿ‬ ‫اﻟﻌ�ﻞ‬ ‫اﻻﺤ��ﺎك‬ ���� ‫اﻟﻌ�ﻞ‬ ��‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﻟ�ﻔﺎءة‬ ‫ﺴﺎﻟ�ﺔ‬ ��� ��‫ﺘ�ﻘ‬ �‫ذﻟ‬ �‫ﻋ‬ �‫ﺒ��ﻬ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻀ��ﻲ‬ ‫)اﻟ��ﻞ‬ �‫ﺘﻌﺎﻤﻼﺘﻬ‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ 7 .( ‫أنﱠ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ �‫ذﻟ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ��‫ر‬‫ﻗﺎد‬ ‫ا‬�‫���ﻨ‬ �‫ﻟ‬ ‫و�ﺎﻟ�ﺎﻟﻲ‬ ،���‫اﻵﺨ‬ ���‫اﻟﻔ‬ ‫أﻋ�ﺎء‬ ‫ﻤ�ﺎﻋ�ة‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ‫ا‬�����‫ﯿ‬ �‫ﻟ‬ ���‫اﻟ��ﯿ‬ ‫ﻻء‬ �‫ﻫ‬ ‫��ﻌ‬ �‫ﻓﻘ‬ ،�‫ذﻟ‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ����‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺒﻞ‬ .‫ﻟﻠ��ﻗﺎت‬ ‫اﻷول‬ ‫اﻹﻟﻬﻲ‬ �‫اﺠ�ﻬ‬�‫ﺒ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻓﺎء‬‫و‬ (‫وﺘﻌﺎﻟﻰ‬ ‫)ﺴ��ﺎﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ﻤ�ﻀﺎة‬ ‫اﻟ��ﯿ‬ �‫اﻟ�ﻠ‬ ‫ﻫ�ا‬ �‫ﺴ��د‬ ،‫ﻟ�ا‬ .�‫ﺴﻠ��ﻬ‬ ‫إ�ﻬﺎر‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻹذﻻل‬‫و‬ ‫�ﺎﻟ��ف‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻌ�ر‬ ‫ﻻﺴ�ﻐﻼل‬ �‫ﯿ�ﻓﻌﻬ‬ ‫ﻤ�ﺎ‬ �‫�ﺎﻹﺤ�ﺎ‬ ��� .�‫ﻤ�ﺎر��ﻬ‬ ����‫ﻤ‬ ‫وﺘﻘﻠ�ﻞ‬ ��‫ﻟﻠ��ؤوﺴ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻌ���ﺔ‬ ‫ح‬ ‫اﻟ�و‬ ‫اﻨ�ﻔﺎض‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻬ�ﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌ�ﻞ‬ ��‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﻛﻔﺎءة‬ ∝ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اء‬�‫اﻟﻔﻘ‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬‫اﻟ�ﻬﺎ‬ � ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﻏ��ﺎء‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬‫اﻟ�ﻬﺎ‬ ���‫ﻤ‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻰ‬ ����‫ﻤ‬ ‫أﻗﻞ‬ < 0 ) 11 ( ‫ﻓﺈنﱠ‬ ،� �‫أﺨ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬‫و���ﺎ‬ ) ‫ﻟﻠ�ﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻟ�ﺔ‬ ���‫اﻟ‬ 11 �‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻨ�ﺎم‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺼ��ﺢ‬ ��‫ﻏ‬ ‫���ﻞ‬ ��‫اﻟ���ﻔ‬ ‫وﻀﻊ‬ �‫ﻋ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﺘ�ﺔ‬ ،( ّ ‫اﻟﻬ�ﻤﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻠ�ﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌ�ﻞ‬ ��‫ﺴ‬ ‫�ﻔﺎءة‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً��‫ﺴﻠ‬ ‫ا‬ ً ��‫ﺘﺄﺜ‬ �‫ﯿ�ﺜ‬ �‫ﻗ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ �‫وﻫ‬ ،‫اﻟﻌ�ﻞ‬ ���‫ﻟ‬ ‫إﻀﺎ��ﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎوﻤﺔ‬ ‫إﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺘ��ﻪ‬ ��‫ﻟﻠ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎم‬ ،‫اﻟ�����ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻓﻘﺎت‬ ‫ﻻﺘ�ﺎﻩ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﺎ�ﻪ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻹﺴﻼم‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ �‫اﻟﻘﺎﺌ‬ ‫ح‬ ��‫اﻟ�ﻘ‬ ‫اﻟ���ذج‬ ‫ﻫ�ا‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ً ‫و��ﺎء‬ ،‫ﻟ�ا‬ .‫�ﺔ‬
  • 66.
  • 71.
  • 72.
    ‫اﻻ‬ �‫ﺘ�ﻓ‬ ���‫اﻟ‬‫ﯿ��ﻊ‬ ،‫اﻟﻔ���ﻟ�ﺠ�ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﺠﺎت‬ ‫ﻹﺸ�ﺎع‬ ‫و‬ .‫اﻟ�ﻬ��ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻨ��ﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺠ��ﺎﻋﻲ‬ �‫��ﻓ‬ ‫�ﻘ��ن‬ ‫ﺒ���ﺎ‬ ،‫اﻟ���ق‬ �‫اﻛ‬�‫وﻤ‬ ‫اق‬�‫ﻷﺴ‬ �‫أوﻗﺎﺘﻬ‬ ‫أ‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ‫ان‬���‫اﻟ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻷﺼ�ﻗﺎء‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﺌﻠﺔ‬ ‫اد‬�‫أﻓ‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ،‫ا‬ ً ��‫أﺨ‬ .‫��ﺎء‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺤﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ �‫ﻏ��ﻬ‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ﯿ��ون‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻐﺎ�ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ���ﻋ�ن‬ ‫اﻷﺸ�ﺎص‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬ ،‫اﻟ�ات‬ ��‫ﻟ��ﻘ‬ ‫اﻟ����ﺔ‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﺒﻞ‬ ‫�ﺔ‬��‫اﻟ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟ��ت‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎﺒﻞ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﺎة‬ ‫ﻤ�ﻞ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻠﻘﺔ؛‬ ‫��ﺎﻗ�ﺎت‬ 44 . � ،‫اﻻﺠ��ﺎ��ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻓﻘﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﯿ�ﺎﻤ���ﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻨ��ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟ�ﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻨ�ن‬ ����‫ﺘ‬ ‫أﺠﻞ‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ‫ا‬ً� ‫ﻋﺎ‬ �‫ﯿ�د‬ �‫ﻓﻘ‬ ،‫ذاﺘﻪ‬ �‫اﻟ�ﻗ‬ ‫وﻓﻲ‬ .‫ﻤ�ﻠ�ب‬ �‫ﻨ�ﺎ‬ ‫إﻨ�ﺎز‬ ‫أﺠﻞ‬ �‫ﻤ‬ �‫ﺘﻬ‬‫ر‬‫ﺴ�ﺎ‬ ‫ﻟ��ﺎدة‬ ‫ا‬ ً‫ﻤ��د‬ ‫أﻤﺎم‬ ‫ﺎ‬ً‫ﻋﺎﺌﻘ‬ ‫اﻟ���ﺔ‬ ‫ال‬�‫اﻷﺤ‬ ‫ﺴ�ء‬ ‫���ﻞ‬ ،‫اﻟ��ﺎل‬ ‫ﺴ��ﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻰ‬ .�‫ﺘ���ﻬ‬ �‫ﺘﺄﺨ‬ ‫أو‬ �‫اﻟ��ﺎ‬ �‫ﻐﺎﺌﻬ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫اﻟﻘﺎﻨ�ن‬ ����‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﺘ���ﻞ‬ ����‫ﺤ‬ ����‫و‬ .‫اﻟﻌ�ﻞ‬ ‫ﻤ�ﺎن‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ �‫�ﻫ‬ �‫اﻟ�ﯿ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻨ��ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻌﺎﻟ�ﻲ‬ :‫اﻟ�ﺎﻟﻲ‬ ���‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻤﻬ�ﻲ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﺠ��ﺎﻋﻲ‬ �‫ﻨ�ﺎ‬ �‫ﻷ‬ ‫اﻻﺠ��ﺎ��ﺔ‬ ‫��ﻓﻘﺎت‬ ‫اﻻﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ‬ ∝ (‫اﻟﺤﺎﻓﺰ‬ ) (‫اﻟﻌﺎﺋﻖ‬ ) ) 12 ( � ّ �‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻤﻔﻬ�م‬ ‫ﻤﻊ‬ ‫و��ﻌﺎرض‬ ‫اﻷﻨﺎﻨ�ﺔ‬ ‫��ﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ً‫وﺜ�ﻘ‬ ‫ﺘ�ﺎ�ًﺎ‬‫ر‬‫ا‬ ��‫ﺘ‬�‫ﯿ‬ ‫اﻻﺴ�ﻬﻼك‬ ‫ﻷن‬ ‫ا‬ ً ��‫ﻨ‬ ��‫ﻟ‬ �‫ﯿ��ﻟ‬ ،‫اﻻﺠ��ﺎﻋﻲ‬ �‫اﻟ��ﻓ‬ ‫ﻫ�ا‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ .‫ا��ﻪ‬�‫وﻋ‬ ‫اﻻﺠ��ﺎﻋﻲ‬ �‫اﻟ��ﺎ‬ �‫ذﻟ‬ ‫اﺴﺔ‬‫ر‬‫د‬ ‫ﯿ��ﺎول‬ ‫��ﺎب‬ ‫أﺠﻞ‬ �‫ﻤ‬ �‫اﻟﻬ‬�‫أﻤ‬ ‫ﻹﻨﻔﺎق‬ ‫اﻟ���ق‬ �‫اﻛ‬�‫ﻤ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اق‬�‫اﻷﺴ‬ ‫ﻰ‬ ‫ﺘُﻌ�ف‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻲ‬‫و‬ ،‫اﻟﻼزﻤﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻠﻊ‬ ‫اء‬�‫ﺸ‬ ‫اﻟ���ق‬ ‫أﺜ�ﺎء‬ �‫ُﻨﻔ‬ ‫أ‬ ��‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎل‬ ‫ﻤﻘ�ار‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬ ،� �‫ﺨ‬ .‫ﻟﻠﻔ�د‬ ‫اﻟ���ﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺨﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ���‫�ﻌ‬ ‫و���ﻞ‬ ‫و�ﺎ‬ ،‫ﻟﻠ���ق‬ "‫ﻞ‬ ِ ّ ‫�ﺼ‬ ُ ‫"ﻤ‬ ‫���ﺎ�ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ���ﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺨﻞ‬ ‫اﻋ��ﺎر‬ ���� ،�‫ﻟ�ﻟ‬ .‫اﻹﻨﻔﺎق‬ ‫ﻤﻘ�ار‬ ‫ﻗﻞ‬ ‫وﺼﻒ‬ ���� ‫ﻓﺈﻨﻪ‬ ،‫ﺘ��ق‬ �‫ﻨ�ﺎ‬ �‫�ﺄ‬ �‫ﯿ�ﻌﻠ‬ ‫���ﺎ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬ ً ‫وﺨ�ﺎﻤ‬ .‫اﻟ���ق‬ ‫ﻤﻘﺎوﻤﺔ‬ ‫أﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺨﻞ‬ ‫�ﺎﻟ�ﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً �� 45 :
  • 73.
    ‫اﻻﺳﺘﮭﻼك‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻓﻖ‬ (𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹�)∝ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﻔﻌﺔ‬ � � ‫اﻟﺪﺧﻞ‬ � ) 13 ( ۚ ‫ا‬�ُ‫�ِﻓ‬ ْ �ُ‫ﺘ‬ َ‫ﻻ‬َ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬�ُ� َ � ْ‫اﺸ‬ َ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬�ُ‫ﻠ‬ُ� َ ‫و‬ ٍ�ِ� ْ � َ ‫ﻤ‬ ِ ّ ‫ﻞ‬ُ� َ�ْ� ِ‫ﻋ‬ ْ � ِ‫إ‬ [ َ��ِ‫ﻓ‬ِ� ْ � ُ �ْ‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫�ﱡ‬ِ�ُ� َ‫ﻻ‬ ُ‫ﱠﻪ‬‫ﻨ‬ ) ‫اف‬�‫اﻷﻋ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬�‫ﺴ‬ :����‫اﻟ‬ ‫آن‬ �‫)اﻟﻘ‬ 7 :‫اﻵ�ﺔ‬ ،( 31 .( ‫ﻌ�ﱠف‬ُ� ) ‫اﻹﺟ�ﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﺘﺞ‬ GDP ‫ﻟﻠ�وﻟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻠﻲ‬ �‫اﻻﻗ��ﺎد‬ �‫ﻟﻠ��ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷوﺴﻊ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ���ﺎس‬ ‫�ﺄﻨﻪ‬ ( �‫اﻹﺟ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﺘﺞ‬ �‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ���ﺔ‬ ‫����ﺔ‬ �‫اﻟ���ﻬﻠ‬ ‫�ﺈﻨﻔﺎق‬ ‫ع‬ �‫اﻟ��ﻓ‬ ‫اﻻﻗ��ﺎد‬ ‫�ﻌ�ض‬ ‫اﻻﺴ�ﻬﻼﻛﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﻗ��ﺎد‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫اﻟ����ة‬ ‫ﻻ�ﺎت‬ �‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ �‫اﻟ���ﻬﻠ‬ ‫إﻨﻔﺎق‬ ‫���ﻞ‬ ،‫اﻟ��ﺎل‬ ‫ﺴ��ﻞ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻨ���ﻪ‬ ‫��ﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫���ﺔ‬�‫ﻣ‬ 68 ‫اﻟ�ﺎﺘ‬ �‫ﻣ‬ % ‫اﻹﺟ�ﺎﻟﻲ‬ 46 . ‫و‬ �����‫اﻟ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ،‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟ�ﻲ‬ �‫اﻻﻗ��ﺎد‬ ���‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫إ��ﺎﺒﻲ‬ ��‫ﺘﺄﺜ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻠﻊ‬ ‫اﺴ�ﻬﻼك‬ ‫أن‬ ����‫اﻟ‬ �‫ﻣ‬ ،‫اﻟ��ﺎل‬ ‫ﺴ��ﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻰ‬ .�‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﺤ�ل‬ ‫ﻟﻠ�ﻠﻊ‬ ��‫اﻟ�ﻔ‬ ‫اﻻﺴ�ﻬﻼك‬ ��‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ���دة‬ ‫�ﺎدة‬�‫اﻟ‬ �‫ﻋ‬ ‫اﻟ���ول‬ �‫ﻫ‬ �‫اﻫ‬�‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻹﻋ‬ ‫�ﺎﺴ���ام‬ ‫اﻷﺸ�ﺎص‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ �����‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ���ﺎت‬ ‫ﺒ�أت‬ ،‫اﻻﺴ�ﻬﻼك‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ �‫اﻟﻘﺎﺌ‬ ‫اﻻﻗ��ﺎد‬ ‫ﻫ�ا‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ �‫اﻟ��ﺎﻓ‬ ‫ﺨﻼ‬ �‫وﻣ‬ ،�‫ﻟ�ﻟ‬ .‫ﻫﺎ‬ �‫ﻣ�ﺎﺟ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎل‬ �‫ﻣ‬ ����‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻹﻨﻔﺎق‬ �‫ودﻓﻌﻬ‬ �‫ﻋﻘ�ﻟﻬ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ��‫ﻟﻠ�ﺄﺜ‬ "‫"وﺴ�ﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫�ﺎﻋ��ﺎر‬ ‫ﻣ���ﺎﺘﻬﺎ‬ �‫ﻣ��ﻓﻌ‬ �����‫ﻣ‬ ‫ا‬�����‫ﻟ‬ ���‫اﻟ���ﻬﻠ‬ ‫ﻋﻘ�ل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ �‫اﻟ‬ ���‫ﯿ‬ ،(‫)اﻟ��ﻔﻌﺔ‬ ���‫ﻓ‬ ‫إﻟ�ﻪ‬ ‫���ﺎﺟ�ن‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫اء‬�‫ﺸ‬ �‫ﻣ‬ ً‫ﺒ�ﻻ‬ � ��‫اﻟ�ﻔ‬ ‫اﻻﺴ�ﻬﻼك‬ �‫ﺘ�ﻓ‬ �‫ﻫ‬ ‫اﻻﺴ�ﻬﻼك‬ �‫ﺘ�ﻓ‬ ‫ﺴ���ﺢ‬ ‫و�ﺎﻟ�ﺎﻟﻲ‬ ،‫اء‬��‫ﻟﻠ‬ ‫اﻟ�اﻓﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘ�ة‬ 45 : ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺮط‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﮭﻼك‬ ‫𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹(ﺗﺪﻓﻖ‬�) ∝ (‫�اﻟﻤﻨﻔﻌﺔ‬‫)اﻟﺘﺴﻮﯾﻖ‬ ( � ‫اﻟﺪﺧﻞ‬ ) ) 14 ( ) ‫ا‬ ً �‫ﯿ‬ ِ�ْ �َ‫ﺘ‬ ْ ‫ر‬ِ ّ� َ�ُ‫ﺘ‬ َ‫ﻻ‬َ ‫و‬ ِ‫�ِ�ﻞ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﱠ‬ َ�ْ ‫اﺒ‬ َ ‫و‬ َ�� 26 ( ِ‫إ‬ َ ‫و‬ ۖ ِ�� ِ�‫ﺎ‬ َ� ‫اﻟ�ﱠ‬ َ‫ان‬ َ �ْ‫إِﺨ‬ ‫ا‬�ُ‫ﺎﻨ‬َ� َ��ِ‫ر‬ِ ّ� َ� ُ �ْ‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫نﱠ‬ � ‫اﻟ�ﱠ‬ َ‫ﺎن‬ َ� ) ‫ا‬ ً ‫ﻔُ�ر‬َ� ِ‫ِﻪ‬ ّ� َ �ِ‫ﻟ‬ 27 [( ) ‫اء‬�‫اﻹﺴ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬�‫ﺴ‬ :����‫اﻟ‬ ‫آن‬ �‫)اﻟﻘ‬ 17 �‫ﻣ‬ :‫اﻵ�ﺎت‬ ،( 26 ‫إﻟﻰ‬ 27 .( 75 ) ‫اف‬�‫اﻷﻋ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬�‫ﺴ‬ :����‫اﻟ‬ ‫آن‬ �‫)اﻟﻘ‬ 7 :‫اﻵ�ﺔ‬ ،( 31 .( ‫ﻌ�ﱠف‬ُ� ) ‫اﻹﺟ�ﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﺘﺞ‬ GDP ‫ا‬ �‫اﻻﻗ��ﺎد‬ �‫ﻟﻠ��ﺎ‬ ‫اﻷوﺴﻊ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ���ﺎس‬ ‫�ﺄﻨﻪ‬ ( ��‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﺘﺞ‬ �‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻣ���ﺔ‬ ‫����ﺔ‬ �‫اﻟ���ﻬﻠ‬ ‫�ﺈﻨﻔﺎق‬ ‫ع‬ �‫اﻟ��ﻓ‬ ‫اﻻﻗ��ﺎد‬ ‫�ﻌ�ض‬ ‫اﻻﺴ�ﻬﻼﻛﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﻗ��ﺎد‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫اﻟ����ة‬ ‫ﻻ�ﺎت‬ �‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ �‫اﻟ���ﻬﻠ‬ ‫إﻨﻔﺎق‬ ‫���ﻞ‬ ،‫اﻟ��ﺎل‬ ‫ﺴ��ﻞ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﻨ���ﻪ‬ ‫��ﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫���ﺔ‬�‫ﻣ‬ 68 % ‫اﻹﺟ�ﺎﻟﻲ‬ 46 . ‫و‬ ‫أن‬ ‫إﻻ‬ ،‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟ�ﻲ‬ �‫اﻻﻗ��ﺎد‬ ���‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫إ��ﺎﺒﻲ‬ ��‫ﺘﺄﺜ‬ ‫ﻟﻪ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻠﻊ‬ ‫اﺴ�ﻬﻼك‬ ‫أن‬ ����‫اﻟ‬ �‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻰ‬ .�‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﺤ�ل‬ ‫ﻟﻠ�ﻠﻊ‬ ��‫اﻟ�ﻔ‬ ‫اﻻﺴ�ﻬﻼك‬ ��‫ﺤ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ���دة‬ ‫�ﺎدة‬�‫اﻟ‬ �‫ﻋ‬ ‫اﻟ���ول‬ �‫ﻫ‬ �‫اﻫ‬�‫اﻟ‬ ‫�ﺎﺴ‬ ‫اﻷﺸ�ﺎص‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ �����‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ���ﺎت‬ ‫ﺒ�أت‬ ،‫اﻻﺴ�ﻬﻼك‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ �‫اﻟﻘﺎﺌ‬ ‫اﻻﻗ��ﺎد‬ ‫ﻫ�ا‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ �‫اﻟ��ﺎﻓ‬ �‫ﻟ�ﻟ‬ .‫ﻫﺎ‬ �‫ﻣ�ﺎﺟ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎل‬ �‫ﻣ‬ ����‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻹﻨﻔﺎق‬ �‫ودﻓﻌﻬ‬ �‫ﻋﻘ�ﻟﻬ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ��‫ﻟﻠ�ﺄﺜ‬ "‫"وﺴ�ﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫�ﺎﻋ��ﺎر‬ ‫ﻣ���ﺎﺘﻬﺎ‬ �‫ﻣ��ﻓﻌ‬ �����‫ﻣ‬ ‫ا‬�����‫ﻟ‬ ���‫اﻟ���ﻬﻠ‬ ‫ﻋﻘ�ل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫)اﻟ��ﻔﻌﺔ‬ ���‫ﻓ‬ ‫إﻟ�ﻪ‬ ‫���ﺎﺟ�ن‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬ ‫اء‬�‫ﺸ‬ �‫ﻣ‬ ً‫ﺒ�ﻻ‬ � ��‫اﻟ�ﻔ‬ ‫اﻻﺴ�ﻬﻼك‬ �‫ﺘ�ﻓ‬ �‫ﻫ‬ ‫اﻻﺴ�ﻬﻼك‬ �‫ﺘ�ﻓ‬ ‫ﺴ���ﺢ‬ ‫و�ﺎﻟ�ﺎﻟﻲ‬ ،‫اء‬��‫ﻟﻠ‬ ‫اﻟ�اﻓﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻘ�ة‬ 45 : ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺮط‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﮭﻼك‬ ‫𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹(ﺗﺪﻓﻖ‬�) ∝ (‫�اﻟﻤﻨﻔﻌﺔ‬‫)اﻟﺘﺴﻮﯾﻖ‬ ( � ‫اﻟﺪﺧﻞ‬ ) ) 14 ( ) ‫ا‬ ً �‫ﯿ‬ ِ�ْ �َ‫ﺘ‬ ْ ‫ر‬ِّ�َ�ُ‫ﺘ‬ َ‫ﻻ‬َ ‫و‬ ِ‫ِ�ﻞ‬� ‫اﻟ�ﱠ‬ َ�ْ ‫اﺒ‬ َ ‫و‬ َ��ِ� ْ 26 ( ِ‫إ‬ ِ�� ِ�‫ﺎ‬ َ� ‫اﻟ�ﱠ‬ َ‫ان‬ َ �ْ‫ِﺨ‬‫إ‬ ‫ا‬�ُ‫ﺎﻨ‬َ� َ��ِ‫ر‬ِّ�َ� ُ �ْ‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫نﱠ‬ َ� ) ‫ا‬ ً ‫ﻔُ�ر‬َ� ِ‫ِﻪ‬ ّ� َ �ِ‫ﻟ‬ 27 [( ) ‫اء‬�‫اﻹﺴ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬�‫ﺴ‬ :����‫اﻟ‬ ‫آن‬ �‫)اﻟﻘ‬ 17 �‫ﻣ‬ :‫اﻵ�ﺎت‬ ،( 26 ‫إﻟﻰ‬ 27
  • 74.
    76 �‫اﻟ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟ���ك‬ �‫اﺴ���ﺜ‬�‫ﻓﻘ‬ ،‫اﻷﺸ�ﺎص‬ ‫دﺨﻞ‬ ����‫ﻤ‬ ‫�ﺎدة‬‫ز‬ �‫ﻋ‬ ‫اﻟ���ﺎت‬ ‫اﻻﺌ��ﺎن‬ ‫��ﺎﻗﺎت‬ ‫ﻨ�ﺎم‬ ‫��ﺎت‬ ‫ﻻﺴ‬ ‫ووﻓﻘًﺎ‬ ،‫اﻟ��ﺎل‬ ‫ﺴ��ﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﻠﻰ‬ .‫اﻟﻌ�ﻼء‬ ‫ﻤ�ﻔ�ﺔ‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎل‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ����‫اﻟ‬ �‫ﻷﺨ‬ ‫اﺌﻔﺔ‬‫ز‬ ‫دﺨﻞ‬ ‫ﻤ�ﺎدر‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫�ﺎﻋ��ﺎر‬ ‫ﻋﺎم‬ 2017 ‫���ﺔ‬�‫اﻷﻤ‬ ‫اﻻﺌ��ﺎن‬ ‫��ﺎﻗﺎت‬ ‫دﯿ�ن‬ ‫إﺠ�ﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺒﻠﻎ‬ ، 927 ���‫ﺒ‬ ���‫ﯿ‬ ‫ﻤﺎ‬ �‫وﻫ‬ ،‫��ﻲ‬�‫أﻤ‬ ‫ﻻر‬ ‫دو‬ ‫ﻤﻠ�ﺎر‬ 2016 47 �‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﯿ���ف‬ ��‫ﺤ‬ ،‫اﻟ��م‬ ‫ﺤ�ﺎﺘ�ﺎ‬ ��‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫�ﺎﻋ�ن‬ ‫�ﺄﻨﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻻﺴ�ﻬﻼك‬ ‫ة‬ ��‫وﺘ‬ ‫ﺘ�داد‬ ،‫وﻟﻸﺴﻒ‬ . ‫اﻟ‬ �‫اﻛ‬�‫ﻤ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﺼﺔ‬ �‫ﺤ�ﺎﺘﻬ‬ �‫أﻨ�ﺎ‬ ���‫ﺘ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻲ‬ ‫�ﺠﻬﺔ‬ ُ �‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻹﻨﻔﺎق‬ ‫�����ﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻌ�وض‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟ���ﻌﺎت‬‫و‬ ‫���ق‬ ��‫ﺘ‬�‫ﻨ‬ ‫أﻨ�ﺎ‬ ‫اﻹﺤ�ﺎﺌ�ﺎت‬ �‫�ﻌ‬ �‫ﺘ�ﻬ‬ ،‫اﻟ��ﺎل‬ ‫ﺴ��ﻞ‬ 20 ‫ﻤﻼ���ﺎ‬ �‫ﻤ‬ % ‫ﺨﻼل‬ �‫ﻓﻘ‬ 80 �‫اﻟ�ﻗ‬ �‫ﻤ‬ % �‫ﻤﻼﺌ‬ ‫���ﻞ‬ ‫ﺘ�ﺎﺴ��ﺎ‬ �‫ﺘﻌ‬ �‫ﻟ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﺘﻌ���ﺎ‬ �‫ﺘﻌ‬ �‫ﻟ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻲ‬ ��‫�ﺎﻟ�ﻼ‬ ‫ﻤﻠ��ﺔ‬ �‫اﺌ‬�‫ﺨ‬ ‫ﻟ��ﻪ‬ ‫ﻤ�ﺎ‬ ����‫اﻟ‬ 48 ���� ،‫ﻟ�ا‬ . ‫�ﺎﻟ�ﺎﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً ���‫ﻨ‬ ‫ﻟﻼﺴ�ﻬﻼك‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻘﺎﺒﻞ‬ 45 : ‫اﻻﺳﺘﮭﻼك‬ ‫ﺗﺪﻓﻖ‬ (𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹�) ∝ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﻔﻌﺔ‬ � ‫اﻟﺘﺴﻮﯾﻖ‬ ( � ‫اﻟﻘﺮض�اﻟﺪﺧﻞ‬ ) ) 15 ( ‫ﺤﻠ‬ ‫ﻤ���ة‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻘﺎء‬ ‫ارد‬�‫اﻟ‬ ��‫ﻓ‬ ،‫اﻻﺤ��ﺎﺠﺎت‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ��‫أﻛ‬ ‫اء‬��‫ﻟ‬ �����‫اﻟ‬ ‫�ﺈﻋﻼﻨﺎت‬ �‫اﻟ�ﺄﺜ‬ �‫�ﻌ‬ ،‫ﺎ‬ ً ‫ﺨ�ﺎﻤ‬ ‫و‬ .‫اﻟ���ﺔ‬ ‫ﻋ���ﺔ‬ ‫أو‬ ‫ﻤ��ﻬﻠ�ﺔ‬ ���‫أﺼ‬ ‫��ﺎ‬‫ر‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻠﻊ‬ ‫اء‬�‫ﺸ‬ ‫أﺠﻞ‬ �‫ﻤ‬ ‫اﻻﺌ��ﺎﻨ�ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ���ﺎت‬ ‫دﯿ�ن‬ ‫ﺎ‬ َ �‫ﱠ‬‫ﻨ‬َ‫أ‬ ‫ا‬� ُ �َ‫ﻠ‬ ْ‫]اﻋ‬ َ�َ‫ﺘ‬ َ ‫و‬ ْ �ُ�َ� ْ � َ‫ﺒ‬ ٌ �ُ‫ﺘَﻔَﺎﺨ‬ َ ‫و‬ ٌ‫زِ��َﺔ‬ َ ‫و‬ ٌ � ْ ‫َﻬ‬‫ﻟ‬ َ ‫و‬ ٌ � ْ‫َﻋ‬‫أ‬ ٍ �ْ �َ‫ﻏ‬ ِ‫�َﻞ‬ َ �َ� ۖ ِ‫د‬ َ‫ﻻ‬ْ ‫َو‬ْ‫اﻷ‬ َ ‫و‬ ِ‫ال‬ َ � ْ ‫َﻤ‬ْ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ﻓِﻲ‬ ٌ �ُ‫ﺎﺜ‬ َ ‫ْ�ُﻔﱠﺎر‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ َ �َ � ٌ�‫ﯿ‬ ِ� َ‫ﺸ‬ ٌ ‫�َاب‬ َ‫ﻋ‬ ِ‫ة‬ َ �ِ‫ﺨ‬ ْ‫اﻵ‬ ‫ِﻲ‬‫ﻓ‬ َ ‫و‬ ۖ ‫ﺎ‬ ً ‫�َﺎﻤ‬ ُ ‫ﺤ‬ ُ‫�ُ�ن‬َ� ‫ﺜُ�ﱠ‬ َ �ِ‫ﻔ‬ْ‫ﻐ‬ َ ‫ﻤ‬ َ ‫و‬ �ْ‫ﱡﻨ‬�‫اﻟ‬ ُ‫ﺎة‬ َ� َ �ْ‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ‫ﺎ‬ َ ‫ﻤ‬ َ ‫و‬ ۚ ٌ‫ان‬ َ � ْ ‫رِﻀ‬ َ ‫و‬ ِ ‫�ﱠ‬ َ�ِ‫ﻤ‬ ٌ‫ة‬ ‫إِﻻ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ .[ ِ‫ور‬ ُ �ُ‫ْﻐ‬‫ﻟ‬‫ا‬ ) �‫اﻟ��ﯿ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬�‫ﺴ‬ :����‫اﻟ‬ ‫آن‬ �‫)اﻟﻘ‬ 57 :‫اﻵ�ﺔ‬ ،( 20 .(
  • 89.
    91 �‫ﻟ�ﯿﻬ‬ ‫اﻟ�اﺘﻲ‬ �‫اﻟ�ﺎﻓ‬���‫ﺒ�ﻌ‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ً ‫اﻫ��ﺎﻣ‬ 61 ) 2 ‫ﻓ�ﺼ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫�ﺎﻋ��ﺎر‬ ‫اﻟ��ﺎﺘ�ﺔ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫اﻟ��ﺎر‬ (�‫وﺴﻠ‬ ‫ﻋﻠ�ﻪ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫)ﺼﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻲ‬ ��‫اﺘ‬ ‫و��ﺎ‬ ( ‫اﻟﻔ��ل‬ ‫أنﱠ‬ ‫أ��ﺎ‬ ���‫ﺘ‬ �‫ﻓﻘ‬ ،‫اﻟ��ﺠ�ﻪ‬‫و‬ ‫ﺸﺎد‬ ‫ﻟﻺر‬ �‫ﻋ�ﻠ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ��‫أﻛ‬ ‫���ﻞ‬ ‫ﻟﻠ��ﺎر�ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻼب‬ ‫ﺘ�ﻓﻊ‬ �‫ﺒ��ﺎ‬ ‫ﻓ�ﻬﺎ‬ ‫�رس‬ ُ ‫ﯿ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻲ‬ ‫ﯿ�����ن‬ �‫أﻨﻬ‬ ‫��ﺎ‬ ،�‫اﻟ�ﻌﻠ‬ ‫ﺘ�ﺎﻩ‬ ‫اﻟ�اﺘ�ﺔ‬ ‫اﻻﺴ�ﻘﻼﻟ�ﺔ‬ �‫ﻣ‬ ����� ‫ﯿ���ﻌ�ن‬ �‫ﱠﻬ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫ﻷ‬ ‫ا‬ ً ��‫ﻨ‬ ‫ات؛‬ ‫ر‬‫اﻟ�ﻬﺎ‬ �‫ﻣ‬ ����‫اﻟ‬ �� ��‫وﺘ‬ �‫اﻟ�ﻌﻠ‬ ‫اﻟﻌ�ﻠ�ﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻨ��ﺔ‬ ‫أﺜ�ﺎء‬ ���‫اﻟ�ﻔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ��‫أﻛ‬ ‫���ﻞ‬ 61 ) . 3 ‫)ﺼﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻲ‬ ‫ال‬��‫ﻣ‬ ‫وﻋﻠﻰ‬ ،‫ا‬ ً ��‫أﺨ‬ ( ‫اﺴ���ا‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬ ،(�‫وﺴﻠ‬ ‫ﻋﻠ�ﻪ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﺎس‬ ‫أﺴﻠ�ب‬ ‫���ﻞ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺸﺄﻨﻪ‬ �‫ﻣ‬ � ��‫ﺘ�ﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻔﻬ�م‬ ‫اﺴ���ام‬ ‫إنﱠ‬ ،‫اﻗﻊ‬�‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ،‫ﻟﻠ����ﺔ‬ ‫ر‬ ّ ��‫ﺘ‬ ‫وﻀﻊ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻐﺎ�ﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ‬ ‫وﺴ�ﻠﺔ‬ �‫ﻟ�ﻟ‬ .‫ﻨ���ﺔ‬ ‫ﺼ�ﻐﺔ‬ ‫�ﻞ‬ ‫اء‬ ‫ر‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟﻔ���ﺎﺌ�ﺔ‬ �‫اﻫ‬��‫ﻟﻠ‬ ‫ﺘ��ر‬ ‫وﻀﻊ‬ ‫أﺠﻞ‬ �‫ﻣ‬ �‫أذﻫﺎﻨﻬ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺼ�ر‬ ����‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻼب‬ �‫��ﺎﻋ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أﺴﻠ�ب‬ ‫اﺴ���ام‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬ � ���‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺘﻔﺎع‬ ‫ر‬‫ا‬ ���� ‫ات‬ ‫ر‬‫اﻟ�ﻬﺎ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻌ�ﻓﺔ‬ �‫ﻣ‬ ����‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻛ��ﺎب‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻼب‬ ‫ﻣ�ﺎﻋ�ة‬ ‫�ﺈﻣ�ﺎﻨﻪ‬ ‫ﻟ��ﺎس‬ �‫ﻫ‬ ���‫ﺘﻔ‬ 62 . ‫اﻟ��ﻀ�ﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﻣ�ﻠﺔ‬ �‫وﻣ‬ ‫ﻟﻶ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻌ‬ ‫ﻋ�ﻠ�ﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ���‫اﻟ‬ �‫اﻟ�ﻌﻠ‬ ‫اﺘ���ﺎت‬ ��‫�ﺴ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟ��ﺎس‬ ‫أﺴﻠ�ب‬ ‫ﻻﺴ���ام‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻔ��ة‬ ‫ﺜﺎر‬ ‫أﻨ‬ �‫ﻠ‬ �‫ﺘ‬ � ‫اﻻﺴ�ﻌﺎﻨﺔ‬ � ���‫اﻟ�ﯿ�ﺎﻣ‬ ‫ﻟﻸﻨ��ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻨﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟ�ﻲ‬ ‫ﺎﻟﻘﺎﻨ�ن‬ ‫)اﻟ�ﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺔ‬ 3 ‫ر�ﺎ‬ ‫ﻨ��ذج‬ ���‫ﻟ�ﻘ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﺎب‬ ‫ﻫ�ا‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ( ‫ﻟ���ﯿ‬ ‫ﻀﻲ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ر‬�‫اﻟﻘ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﻔ��ض‬ ُ � ، ً‫ﻻ‬ ‫أو‬ .(‫ات‬ ‫ر‬‫اﻟ�ﻬﺎ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻌ�ﻓﺔ‬ �‫)ﺘ�ﻓ‬ ‫اﺴ�ﺔ‬ ‫ر‬�‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟﻔ��ل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ�����ﺔ‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ر‬‫اﻟ�ﻬﺎ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻌ�ﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻘ�ار‬ ‫ﻣ‬ ���‫اﻟﻔ‬ ‫ت‬ ) ‫ﺠﺎت‬ ‫ﻟﻠ�ر‬ ‫اﻛ�ﻲ‬ ��‫اﻟ‬ �‫اﻟ�ﻘ�ﯿ‬ �‫����ﺴ‬ ‫ﺘ���ﻠﻬﺎ‬ ���� �‫ﻟﻠ�ﺎﻟ‬ CGPA ��‫ﻣ‬ ‫ا‬�‫ﺤﻘﻘ‬ �‫اﻟ�ﯿ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻼب‬ ‫أن‬ ‫و��ﺎ‬ .( ‫ا‬ �‫ﺘ‬ �‫ﺘﻘ�ﯿ‬ �‫ﺴ‬ ‫ﻛ�ﻲ‬ ‫�ﺎﻟ�ﺎﻟﻲ‬ ،‫ع‬ �‫أﺴ‬ ‫���ﻞ‬ ‫ﯿ�ﻌﻠ��ن‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺠﺎت‬ ‫ﻟﻠ�ر‬ ‫؛‬ �‫اﻟ‬ �‫اﻟ�ﻘ�ﯿ‬ �‫ﻣ��ﺴ‬ ‫ﻣﻌ��س‬ � ‫ﺘ�ﺎو‬ �‫اﻟ�ﻌﻠ‬ ‫ﻟﻌ�ﻠ�ﺔ‬ "‫"اﻟ�ﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﺈنﱠ‬ ‫اﻛ�ﻲ‬ � ) ‫ﺠﺎت‬ ‫ﻟﻠ�ر‬ 1 / CGPA ‫اﻟ�ﻼب‬ ‫اﻛ���ﻬﺎ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻲ‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ر‬‫اﻟ�ﻬﺎ‬‫و‬ ‫ﻓﺔ‬ �‫اﻟ�ﻌ‬ ‫ﻣﻘ�ار‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻟ�ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ����ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬ ‫وﺘ�ﻒ‬ .( 61 : �‫ﺘ�ﻓ‬ (‫ﻓﺔ‬ �‫اﻟ�ﻌ‬ + ‫ات‬ ‫ر‬‫)اﻟ�ﻬﺎ‬ ∝ �‫اﻟ�ﺎﻟ‬ �‫ﺤﺎﻓ‬ � � ‫ﻟﻠ�رﺠﺎت‬ ‫اﻛ�ﻲ‬ ��‫اﻟ‬ �‫اﻟ�ﻘ�ﯿ‬ �‫ﻣ��ﺴ‬ � ) 16 ( ) ‫ﺠﺎت‬ ‫ﻟﻠ�ر‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻠﻲ‬ �‫�ﺎﻟ�ﻘ�ﯿ‬ ���‫اﻟ�ﻘ‬ ‫وﺠﻪ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟ�����ﺔ‬ ‫ات‬ ‫ر‬‫اﻟ�ﻬﺎ‬‫و‬ ‫ﻓﺔ‬ �‫اﻟ�ﻌ‬ ‫ﺘ���ﻞ‬ ����‫اﻟ‬ �‫ﻣ‬ ‫�ﺎن‬ ‫إذا‬ FGP ��‫اﻟ‬ ( ُ � ‫ﻔ��ض‬ �‫ﺘ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫إدﺨﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ �‫اﻟ�ﺎﻟ‬ ‫ﻷداء‬ �‫ﻣ�ﺎﺸ‬ ‫ﻣ��ﺎس‬ ‫ﱠﻪ‬ ‫ﻨ‬‫أ‬ ) ‫��ﺢ‬ ∝ ) ��‫ﻟﻠ��ﻔ‬ ‫دداش‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ ���‫ﺘﻘ‬ ���‫ﺴ‬ ،( DMF ��‫ﻟ‬ ( ‫اﻟ�ﻼب‬ 61 :
  • 90.
    92 ‫ﺠﺎت‬ ‫ﻟﻠ�ر‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻠﻲ‬ �‫اﻟ�ﻘ�ﯿ‬= ���‫ﻟﻠ��ﻔ‬ ‫دداش‬ ‫�ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬.(𝛼𝛼) . (‫ﺠﺎت‬ ‫ﻟﻠ�ر‬ ‫اﻛ�ﻲ‬��‫اﻟ‬ �‫اﻟ�ﻘ�ﯿ‬�‫)ﻣ��ﺴ‬ ) 17 ( ) ‫اﻟ�ﻌﺎدﻟﺔ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ا‬ ً‫اﺴ��ﺎد‬ 17 ‫ﻟﻠ‬ ‫اﻛ�ﻲ‬��‫اﻟ‬ �‫اﻟ�ﻘ�ﯿ‬ �‫)ﻣ��ﺴ‬ �‫اﻟ�ﻌﻠ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠ�ﻼب‬ ‫�ﺔ‬��‫اﻟﻔ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬�‫�ﺎﻟﻘ‬ �‫ﯿ�ﻌﻠ‬ ‫و���ﺎ‬ ،( :‫�رﺠﺎت‬ CGPA ( :��‫ﻟﻠ��ﻔ‬ ‫دداش‬ ‫)ﻋﺎﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻼب‬ ��‫ﻟ‬ ‫اﻟ�اﺘﻲ‬ �‫اﻟ�ﺎﻓ‬ ‫ﺘﻌ�ز‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻲ‬ ��‫ر‬��‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﺘ���ﺎت‬��‫إﺴ‬ ‫ﻓﺈن‬ ‫؛‬ DMF ‫ﺴ���ن‬ ( ‫ﻋ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬‫ﻗﺎد‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻌﻠ�ﻣﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻘ�ار‬ ���‫ﺘﻌ‬ ‫ﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻠ�ﺔ‬ ��‫ﻟ‬ ‫�����ﺔ‬ ‫ذﻟ‬ �‫وﺴ��د‬ ،ً‫�ﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫�ﺔ‬��‫اﻟﻔ‬ �‫إﻣ�ﺎﻨﺎﺘﻬ‬ ‫إ�ﻼق‬ ‫ﺨﻼل‬ �‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺤ��ﻬﺎ‬ � ‫ا‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬‫اﻟ�ﻬﺎ‬ ‫إﺘﻘﺎن‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬�‫اﻟﻘ‬ �‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻗ�ر‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻛ��ﺎب‬‫و‬ ‫اﺴ�ﺔ‬‫ر‬�‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎدة‬ �‫ﻣ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻌ�ﻓﺔ‬ �‫ﻣ‬ ���‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻗ�ر‬ ‫أﻗ�ﻰ‬ ��‫ﺘ�ﻘ‬ ‫ﻟﻰ‬‫إ‬ ‫ﻟﻼزﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﺘ���ﺎت‬��‫إﺴ‬ ‫أنﱠ‬ ‫��ﻬﺎ‬�‫أﺠ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻲ‬ ‫اﻷﻛﺎد���ﺔ‬ ‫اﻷ��ﺎث‬ ‫أﺤ�ث‬ �‫ﺘ�ﻬ‬ ،‫اﻗﻊ‬�‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ .‫اﻟ���ﻘ�ﻠ�ﺔ‬ �‫ﻟ���ﻔ�ﻬ‬ �‫اﻟ‬ ��‫ر‬��‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻲ‬ ‫��ﻘﻬﺎ‬ ���‫ﺘ‬ (�‫وﺴﻠ‬ ‫ﻋﻠ�ﻪ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫)ﺼﻠﻰ‬ ���‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻨ���ﺎ‬ � ‫اﻟ�ﻼب‬ ��‫ﻟ‬ ‫اﻷداء‬‫و‬ �‫اﻟ�ﺎﻓ‬ ���‫ﺘﻌ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ر‬�‫ﺎﻟﻘ‬ 61 - 62 ‫ﻷ‬ ‫ا‬ ً ��‫ﻨ‬ ،‫ا‬ ً ��‫أﺨ‬‫و‬ . ‫اﻟ�ﻼب‬ ‫نﱠ‬ ‫اﻟ�اﺘ‬ �‫اﻓ‬��‫اﻟ‬ ‫ذوو‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻼب‬ ‫ﻓ�����ﻞ‬ ،‫اﻟ��ﻠ��ﺔ‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬‫اﻟ�ﻬﺎ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻌ�ﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬ ‫�ﺔ‬��‫اﻟﻔ‬ �‫ﺘﻬ‬‫ر‬�‫ﻗ‬ ‫اﺴ���ام‬ �‫����ﻬ‬ ��‫اﻷﻗ‬ ‫�ﺔ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ) ‫اﻟ����ﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻘ��ﺔ‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬‫ﻟ�ﻬﺎ‬ KSA ‫�ﺎﻣ‬ ‫اﻹﻟﻬ�ﺔ‬ �‫اﺠ��ﻬ‬‫و‬ ‫ﻷداء‬ ‫اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ‬ (‫ات‬‫ر‬�‫اﻟﻘ‬‫و‬ ‫ات‬‫ر‬‫اﻟ�ﻬﺎ‬‫و‬ ‫اﻟ�ﻌ�ﻓﺔ‬ = ‫أﺠﻞ‬ �‫ﻣ‬ ً‫ﻠﺔ‬ .‫اﻟ���ﻘ�ﻠ�ﺔ‬ �‫ﻋ�ﻠﻬ‬ �‫أﻣﺎﻛ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌ�ﻞ‬ ��‫ﺴ‬ ���‫ﺘﻌ‬ ) ‫اﻟ��ﻀ��ﻲ‬ ‫اﻟ��ﻞ‬ 12 :( .(‫اﻟ��ﻟﻒ‬ �‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﺘ�ﻀ��ﻲ‬ ‫)ﺸ�ﻞ‬ ‫اﺴ�ﺔ‬‫ر‬�‫اﻟ‬ ‫اﻟﻔ��ل‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫�ﻗﺎت‬ ّ �‫ﻟﻠ‬ ��‫اﻷﺒ‬ ����‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﻋﻠ�ﻪ‬ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫)ﺼﻠﻰ‬ ���‫ﻣ‬ ‫ﻨ���ﺎ‬ ‫ﻗﺎل‬ ‫ﻓ��ﺎ‬ ‫اﻹﺴﻼم؛‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻐﺎ�ﺔ‬ ‫ر��ﻌﺔ‬ ‫���ﺎﻨﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ��رﺴ�ن‬ ‫ﯿ���ﻊ‬ ،‫ة‬ ��‫أﺨ‬ ‫ﻣﻼﺤ�ﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ َ��ِ‫وﻣﻼﺌ‬ ‫وﺠﻞﱠ‬ ‫ﻋ�ﱠ‬ َ ‫ﷲ‬ ‫ِنﱠ‬‫إ‬ .�‫ﻨﺎﻛ‬ ْ‫أد‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻠِﻲ‬ ْ �َ‫ﻔ‬َ� ِ�ِ‫ﺒ‬‫ﺎ‬ َ ‫اﻟﻌ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ �ِ‫ﺎﻟ‬ َ ‫اﻟﻌ‬ ُ ‫"ﻓ�ﻞ‬ َ‫اﻟ��ﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﺤ�ﻰ‬ ، ِ‫اﻷرض‬‫و‬ ِ‫ات‬���‫اﻟ‬ َ ‫أﻫﻞ‬‫و‬ ، ُ‫ﻪ‬
  • 100.
  • 104.