South Dakota has a population of around 844,877 people. Its capital is Pierre and it is located in the northern central United States. Some of South Dakota's most notable features include Mount Rushmore, Badlands National Park, and Custer State Park. The state's economy relies heavily on tourism and industries like mining and agriculture.
As more Americans moved to cities in the late 1800s, urban populations swelled, creating new challenges. New technologies like skyscrapers, elevators, and heating systems helped accommodate more residents. Mass transit systems like streetcars and subways also helped reshape cities and allow residents to move to suburbs. However, many workers lived in overcrowded and unsanitary tenement housing. Cities worked to provide services like water, sewers, police and firefighters to address public health and safety issues arising from rapid urban growth.
Nevada is known for its cities of Las Vegas and Reno, as well as attractions like the Hoover Dam. It has a population of over 2.7 million people and became the 36th state in 1864. Nevada has a diverse geography and climate, with hot summers over 100 degrees and mild winters around 40 degrees. The state's economy relies heavily on industries like tourism, mining gold and silver, and hydroelectric power.
South Dakota has a population of around 844,877 people. Its capital is Pierre and it is located in the northern central United States. Some of South Dakota's most notable features include Mount Rushmore, Badlands National Park, and Custer State Park. The state's economy relies heavily on tourism and industries like mining and agriculture.
As more Americans moved to cities in the late 1800s, urban populations swelled, creating new challenges. New technologies like skyscrapers, elevators, and heating systems helped accommodate more residents. Mass transit systems like streetcars and subways also helped reshape cities and allow residents to move to suburbs. However, many workers lived in overcrowded and unsanitary tenement housing. Cities worked to provide services like water, sewers, police and firefighters to address public health and safety issues arising from rapid urban growth.
Nevada is known for its cities of Las Vegas and Reno, as well as attractions like the Hoover Dam. It has a population of over 2.7 million people and became the 36th state in 1864. Nevada has a diverse geography and climate, with hot summers over 100 degrees and mild winters around 40 degrees. The state's economy relies heavily on industries like tourism, mining gold and silver, and hydroelectric power.
13. 風暴。」
(3) 葡籍的科克船長,先後三次航行到大洋洲。第一次是 1768 年,抵達了大溪地,測量紐西
蘭、發現了東澳的港口。第二次是 1772~1775 年,他到南極洲冰棚邊緣測量世界的周長。
第三次 1776 年,他「發現」了夏威夷。他認為歐洲人為大洋洲島嶼帶來了慾求與疾病,
反而破壞了原有的快樂和寧靜。對於大洋洲島嶼在民族、語言上呈現的一致性,科克船長
航行至此時,亦不禁嘆道: 「這難道不奇特嗎?一種民族有辦法,把他們自己分布在這廣
闊大洋中的所有島嶼!」他在 1779 年被夏威夷土著所殺害。他的航海歷程,為典型的英
國式研究:嘗試拓展世界知識、增進航行安全。他所收集的異國動植物很多,又成功的以
新鮮蔬果與德國泡菜,克服了船員經常罹患的壞血病。
(4) 法籍的 Louis-Antoinede Bougainville 在 1760 年為尋找戰略要地來到大溪地。他對大溪地
的描寫,導引出其後盧梭崇尚自然概念理論的動機。
(5) 達爾文於 1831 年,隨英國海軍探測船艦「小獵犬號」 ,環球航行五年。在穿越南美洲南端
後,進入太平洋地區。他對太平洋的描述摘錄如下: 「你必須親自航過這片偉大的海洋,
才能體會它的遼闊,…一連好幾周,什麼都沒有,只除了這片一樣藍、一樣深沉的大洋。…
它和想像中所有的靜止地點一樣,全都像是影子,人們向它靠近,但永遠無法到達。」他
順東北信風進入大溪地的馬塔維灣(Matavai Bay),享用當地的食物-香蕉、鳳梨、椰子,以
及用石頭燒烤的魚貝等;居住的小茅屋亦是就地取材,用竹子、香蕉搭建。他對紐西蘭、
澳洲的印象不如大溪地,認為澳洲是一處「長著病懨懨尤加利樹,吹著火熱的風,景色單
調的罪犯社會。」 但此行中,他測試出珊瑚礁的生成,與海平面上升和陸地相對沉降有關。
(6) 歐洲人航行的負面影響:1805~1835 年間,估計有 400 萬隻海豹被捕殺,速度竟可快到一
人一小時剝取 50 隻海豹皮!而大溪地的人口,也由 1768 年時的 40,000 人,降至 30 年後
的 15,000 人;馬魁沙斯島 1770 年時有 50,000 人,降到最低時僅有 1,200 人;夏威夷最早
開發的肯尼歐哈灣(Kaneohel Bay)18 世紀時有 30 萬人,歐洲、美洲人至該地以後,僅餘 4
萬人。(Reader’s Digest:Among the islands of the Pacific)
十六、教學資源
1. Bradshaw White Dymond Chacho(2007):Contemporary World Regional Geography, 2nd edition, Mc Graw Hill
2. Rowntree, Lewis, Price, Wyckoff(2006):Diversity Amid Globalization- World Regions, Environment,
Development, 3rd edition, Pearson Prentice Hall
3. David L. Clawson, Merrill L. Johnson(2004):World Regional Geography- A Development Approach, 8th ,
Prentice Hall
4. Arthur Getis, Judith Getis, Jerome D. Fellmann(2004):Introduction to Geography, 9th edition, Mc Graw Hill
5. H.J. de Blij, Peter O. Muller(2004):Concepts and Regions in Geography, 2nd edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
6. Naiura(2004):My First Dreamtime dot art colouring-in book,Bartel Publication
7. Fiona Alexander and Rohan Nelson(2003):Monitoring land degradation in the wheat-sheep zone of Western
Australia, Australian Bureau of Agricultural and Resource Economics
8. David Waugh(2002): Geography-An Integrated Approach, Nelson Thornes
9. Christine Inglis(2001):Economy Prompts Australia to Welcome More Migrants
10. James M. Rubenstein(1999):An Introduction to Human Geography, Prentice Hall
11. Reader’s Digest(1997):Among the islands of the Pacific, The Reader’s Digest Association Limited, NSW,
13
14. Australia
12. 藍麗娟(2006):驚豔紐西蘭---美麗經濟學,天下雜誌雙週刊 352 期
13. Jared Diamond(2005):Collapse- How Societies Choos e to Fail or Succeed, 廖月娟譯:大崩壞-人類社會的明
天,時報文化出版公司
14. 孫亞飛主編(2005):世界自然奇觀,漢宇國際出版公司
15. 李偉、王娟主編(2005):世界文化與自然遺產,漢宇國際出版公司
16. 羅博立、馬承涵(2000):新地理 5,文達出版(香港)有限公司
17. Jared Diamond(1998):Guns, Germs, and Steel- The Fates of Human Societies,王道還,廖月娟譯:槍砲、病菌
與鋼鐵,時報文化出版公司
18. 劉南威主編(1997):地理景觀,台灣珠海出版有限公司
19. Marlo Morgan 著,李永平譯(1997):曠野的聲音(Mutant Message Down under),智庫股份有限公司
20. Alan Moorehead 著,楊玉齡譯(1996):達爾文與小獵犬號(Darwin and the Beagle),天下文化
21. 澳洲統計局(Australian Bureau of Statistics) http://abs.gov.au/
22. 澳洲鐵路網 http://www.railpage.org.au/railmaps/
23. 澳洲移民文化事務署(DIMA) http://www.immi.gov.au/about/department/who-we-are.htm
24. 紐西蘭外貿統計處 http://www.stats.govt.nz/
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