The Motherisk Program in Canada provides drug and alcohol counseling to the public and performs research studies. It is led by Dr. Gideon Koren and has a clinic, call center, and laboratory. The program studies the transfer of drugs from mother to fetus using placental perfusion and analyzes hair samples to detect drug and alcohol use. Studies by the program found no increase in adverse fetal outcomes for babies exposed to domperidone and no association between isotretinoin therapy and congenital defects.
This document discusses compliance with narcotics guidelines for managing prescription drug abuse. It describes how managed care programs, employers, healthcare providers and insurers are susceptible to increased workers' compensation costs due to prescription drug abuse. It identifies strategies to help drug-dependent employees return to work, and describes how Washington State has addressed overuse of opioids in workers' compensation through dosing guidelines and a prescription drug monitoring program. The agenda includes discussing the problem of prescription drug abuse, efforts to prevent problems, and the cost of addiction.
Phisical treatments in Vitiligo - Prof. Lotti Torello, MDVR Foundation
Melanocytes are not completely absent in the depigmented epidermis
Comment:
A subpopulation of “resistant” epidermal melanocytes can persist independent of disease duration
Repigmentation can always occur independent of disease duration and with non-perifollicular pattern
Improving Patient Safety Outcomes: Impact of Bar-code Technologyhospira2010
This document summarizes research on the impact of bar-code medication administration (BCMA) technology in reducing medication errors. Studies show BCMA reduced dispensing errors by 36-63% and potential adverse drug events by 63%. BCMA also reduced medication administration errors in intensive care units by 19.7% to 8.7%. While BCMA's impact varied between ICUs and general wards, it reduced clinically important error types. 9% of intercepted errors using BCMA were considered moderate or severe risks. BCMA has potential to reduce errors but continued improvements are still needed given medication errors can still occur.
This study examined the influence of physical activity on established biochemical risk factors for prostate cancer development among 17 healthy young adult African American men. The men were divided into two groups based on their cardiorespiratory fitness levels. The study found that the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) level was significantly lower in the more physically active group. Additionally, the growth rate of prostate tumor cells was 21% higher when cultured in the serum of the less physically active group compared to the more active group. These results suggest a link between physical activity, IGF-1 levels, and prostate tumor cell growth. Further research is needed to better understand this relationship and the potential role of physical activity in prostate cancer prevention.
The document summarizes the 25th International Conference of Organization of Teratology Information Specialists that was held in Baltimore in 2012. It discusses presentations on topics such as patient perception of teratogenic risks, how economic challenges are affecting teratology information services, epidemiological research on various exposures, and counseling approaches. The document also describes a visit by the director of the Korean Motherisk Program to learn about the program in Toronto to help shape the vision and future of the Korean Motherisk Program.
This document discusses compliance with narcotics guidelines for managing prescription drug abuse. It describes how managed care programs, employers, healthcare providers and insurers are susceptible to increased workers' compensation costs due to prescription drug abuse. It identifies strategies to help drug-dependent employees return to work, and describes how Washington State has addressed overuse of opioids in workers' compensation through dosing guidelines and a prescription drug monitoring program. The agenda includes discussing the problem of prescription drug abuse, efforts to prevent problems, and the cost of addiction.
Phisical treatments in Vitiligo - Prof. Lotti Torello, MDVR Foundation
Melanocytes are not completely absent in the depigmented epidermis
Comment:
A subpopulation of “resistant” epidermal melanocytes can persist independent of disease duration
Repigmentation can always occur independent of disease duration and with non-perifollicular pattern
Improving Patient Safety Outcomes: Impact of Bar-code Technologyhospira2010
This document summarizes research on the impact of bar-code medication administration (BCMA) technology in reducing medication errors. Studies show BCMA reduced dispensing errors by 36-63% and potential adverse drug events by 63%. BCMA also reduced medication administration errors in intensive care units by 19.7% to 8.7%. While BCMA's impact varied between ICUs and general wards, it reduced clinically important error types. 9% of intercepted errors using BCMA were considered moderate or severe risks. BCMA has potential to reduce errors but continued improvements are still needed given medication errors can still occur.
This study examined the influence of physical activity on established biochemical risk factors for prostate cancer development among 17 healthy young adult African American men. The men were divided into two groups based on their cardiorespiratory fitness levels. The study found that the insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) level was significantly lower in the more physically active group. Additionally, the growth rate of prostate tumor cells was 21% higher when cultured in the serum of the less physically active group compared to the more active group. These results suggest a link between physical activity, IGF-1 levels, and prostate tumor cell growth. Further research is needed to better understand this relationship and the potential role of physical activity in prostate cancer prevention.
The document summarizes the 25th International Conference of Organization of Teratology Information Specialists that was held in Baltimore in 2012. It discusses presentations on topics such as patient perception of teratogenic risks, how economic challenges are affecting teratology information services, epidemiological research on various exposures, and counseling approaches. The document also describes a visit by the director of the Korean Motherisk Program to learn about the program in Toronto to help shape the vision and future of the Korean Motherisk Program.
Lecture 18 from a college level neuropharmacology course taught in the spring 2012 semester by Brian J. Piper, Ph.D. (psy391@gmail.com) at Willamette University. Focus is on the pharmacokinetics, pharmadynamics, and epidemiology.
Quality of care in obstetric services in rural south India evidence from two ...IPHIndia
This study compares quality of obstetric services in rural South India between 1996-98 and 2007-09 by examining antenatal care, delivery practices, and postpartum care. It finds that while antenatal care coverage improved, the content of care was inconsistent and failed to adequately address warning signs. Although more births occurred in institutions, home births still commonly involved unsupervised and unsafe practices like oxytocin use. Postpartum care remained focused on newborns rather than mothers. The study concludes key gaps persist in planning for emergencies, communication, postpartum advice, and addressing socio-cultural factors. It recommends strengthening primary health centers, protocols, communication, postpartum care, and addressing in
This 3-sentence summary provides an overview of the key information from the multi-page Korean language document on drug safety during pregnancy:
1) The document discusses several historical cases that demonstrated the teratogenic effects of drugs such as thalidomide, diethylstilbestrol, and bendectin when taken during pregnancy.
2) It then outlines criteria for proving human teratogenicity and lists drugs that are suspected or proven to be human teratogens, along with graphical representations of risk.
3) The document also describes a Korean study that analyzed over 5,000 consultations on drug exposure during pregnancy between 1999-2008 to evaluate approaches for utilizing reproductive toxicity information.
On April 5, 2014 the MRF partnered with Seattle Cancer Care Alliance and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center to provide a free educational event dedicated to melanoma patients and the people who support them.
Simbarashe Takuva, AIDS 2010. Durability of first line antiretroviral therapy...Simba Takuva
This study analyzed reasons for modifications to first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens in a cohort of patients in Swaziland. The most common reasons for modification were gastrointestinal toxicities, peripheral neuropathy, and lipodystrophy related to d4T use. Patients initiating ART with lower CD4 counts or higher weight had poorer regimen durability. The findings emphasize the need to avoid toxic ART drugs, start treatment earlier, and identify patients who may require TB treatment or become pregnant.
Topical WBI - 1001 is effective in the treatment of mild to moderate psoriasi...innovaderm
1) A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluated the safety and efficacy of topical WBI-1001 1% cream in patients with mild to moderate plaque psoriasis. 2) After 12 weeks, WBI-1001 treated patients showed a statistically significant improvement in psoriasis severity compared to placebo based on PGA, PASI, BSA and target lesion assessments. 3) The most common adverse events with WBI-1001 were mild to moderate application site reactions.
This document discusses antidepressant use in the Netherlands. It finds that while 900,000 patients are treated for depression each year, only 14% of patients meet eligibility criteria for clinical trials of antidepressants. Many patients do not continue antidepressant treatment as recommended by guidelines. Approximately 30% of patients stop treatment abruptly, experiencing discontinuation side effects, while others create homemade tapering schedules or use schedules from their doctor. The document examines patterns of initiation, adherence, and discontinuation of antidepressant treatment using pharmacy records data.
1. The document describes using best-worst scaling to elicit values from respondents. Best-worst scaling differs from traditional discrete choice experiments in that respondents choose the best and worst attribute levels displayed rather than choosing a preferred specification.
2. The document reports on a best-worst scaling study that elicited preferences from the general public, parents, and health professionals regarding treatment trade-offs for pediatric medulloblastoma. It analyzes the results using best-worst count scores to understand preferences for different attributes like treatment accuracy, quality of life outcomes, and survival rates based on prognosis.
3. The results show that quality of life attributes have the biggest impact on clinicians' decisions for good prognosis, with severe and partial
The document discusses the effects of radiation exposure during pregnancy, noting that exposure under 5 rads has negligible risk but over 15 rads can cause issues. It provides guidance on counseling patients who have been exposed to radiation about their very low additional risks compared to spontaneous risks of pregnancy complications. Recommendations are given for handling diagnostic procedures, radiation therapy, and calculating fetal radiation doses.
The document discusses common nutrition problems in India. It notes that pregnant women, lactating women, infants, preschool children, adolescent girls, the elderly and socially deprived communities are most at risk. The main problems include low birth weight, growth faltering, protein energy malnutrition, and micronutrient deficiencies like vitamin A deficiency, anemia, and iodine deficiency. Interventions currently in operation to address these issues include programs focused on integrated child development, iron and folic acid distribution, vitamin A supplementation, primary healthcare, health education, as well as indirect programs related to poverty alleviation, sanitation, water, and literacy.
Common nutrition problems in India include low birth weight, growth faltering, protein energy malnutrition, and micronutrient deficiencies. Groups most at risk include pregnant women, lactating women, infants, preschool children, and adolescent girls. Specific problems include anemia, vitamin A deficiency, and iodine deficiency disorders. Nutrient intakes are inadequate across many populations, with intakes of iron, calcium, vitamin A, and other nutrients often below recommended levels in women, children, and rural populations. Factors contributing to malnutrition include maternal malnutrition, faulty childfeeding practices, dietary inadequacy, frequent infections, poverty, illiteracy, and lack of access to health services and sanitation. Various government programs aim to
IOSRPHR(www.iosrphr.org) IOSR Journal of Pharmacyiosrphr_editor
The document summarizes a study on mothers' misconceptions and traditional practices regarding teething symptoms in infants in Khartoum, Sudan. The study found that over 95% of mothers believed teething causes medical problems in infants like diarrhea, fever, and loss of appetite. Many mothers were warned that teething could lead to death. Traditional practices used to treat teething included lancing gums, applying herbs, and cauterization. The study recommends educating parents and health professionals about teething to avoid harmful traditional practices and address misconceptions.
IOSRPHR(www.iosrphr.org) IOSR Journal of Pharmacyiosrphr_editor
The document summarizes a study on mothers' misconceptions and traditional practices regarding teething symptoms in infants in Khartoum, Sudan. The study found that over 95% of mothers believed teething causes medical problems in infants like diarrhea, fever, and loss of appetite. Many mothers used traditional remedies like applying heated needles or herbs to gum areas, which have caused harm. The study recommends educating mothers and healthcare providers about the teething process and proper management of teething issues to address these misconceptions and harmful practices.
IOSRPHR(www.iosrphr.org) IOSR Journal of Pharmacyiosrphr_editor
The document summarizes a study on mothers' misconceptions and traditional practices regarding teething symptoms in infants in Khartoum, Sudan. The study found that over 95% of mothers believed teething causes medical problems in infants like diarrhea, fever, and loss of appetite. Many mothers used traditional remedies like applying heated needles or herbs to gum areas, which have caused harm. The study recommends educating mothers and healthcare providers about the teething process and proper management of teething issues to address these misconceptions and harmful practices.
Care Seeking for Newborn Illness a Changing Paradigm_Steve Wall_4.25.13CORE Group
The document discusses evidence from community health worker programs in multiple countries that care seeking for newborn illness from qualified providers outside the home is higher than originally assumed, as cultural taboos can be overcome through community education. It also examines the roles of community health workers in improving newborn care practices through home visits and facilitating care seeking, finding that while practices and care seeking increased, timely care seeking could still be improved. Overall, the key lessons highlighted are that demand for care can be generated through community programs, but treatment also needs to be accessible, and strengthening monitoring and follow up of referrals is important.
This document describes using logistic regression and gradient boosting models to predict survival of calves with neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD) using clinical data from 131 calves. The models were trained on 75% of the data and tested on the remaining 25%. Initially, the gradient boosting model overfit the training data and performed poorly on the test data. Reducing the complexity of the gradient boosting model improved its accuracy on the test data. Total protein and anion gap levels were identified as important predictive features. Overall, the study demonstrated the potential to build predictive models for NCD survival using machine learning techniques on clinical data.
This document summarizes evidence from a systematic review on effective interventions to improve antibiotic prescribing in primary care. The review found that interventions involving multiple components, including educational materials and meetings for physicians, were most effective at reducing total antibiotic prescribing. Delayed prescribing strategies that provide clear instructions on use were also effective. Communication skills training for physicians, with or without decision aids, reduced prescribing for respiratory tract infections. The use of near-patient tests also reduced prescribing when combined with clinical training.
Safety of Mebendazole Use During Lactationmothersafe
This case series study evaluated the safety of mebendazole use in 45 lactating women and their infants. Mebendazole was administered using single or repeated doses and was well tolerated by both the mothers and infants, with no adverse effects observed in infants. Mild GI irritability occurred in two treated mothers. This study provides the first evidence that mebendazole is safe for use in breastfeeding.
Lecture 18 from a college level neuropharmacology course taught in the spring 2012 semester by Brian J. Piper, Ph.D. (psy391@gmail.com) at Willamette University. Focus is on the pharmacokinetics, pharmadynamics, and epidemiology.
Quality of care in obstetric services in rural south India evidence from two ...IPHIndia
This study compares quality of obstetric services in rural South India between 1996-98 and 2007-09 by examining antenatal care, delivery practices, and postpartum care. It finds that while antenatal care coverage improved, the content of care was inconsistent and failed to adequately address warning signs. Although more births occurred in institutions, home births still commonly involved unsupervised and unsafe practices like oxytocin use. Postpartum care remained focused on newborns rather than mothers. The study concludes key gaps persist in planning for emergencies, communication, postpartum advice, and addressing socio-cultural factors. It recommends strengthening primary health centers, protocols, communication, postpartum care, and addressing in
This 3-sentence summary provides an overview of the key information from the multi-page Korean language document on drug safety during pregnancy:
1) The document discusses several historical cases that demonstrated the teratogenic effects of drugs such as thalidomide, diethylstilbestrol, and bendectin when taken during pregnancy.
2) It then outlines criteria for proving human teratogenicity and lists drugs that are suspected or proven to be human teratogens, along with graphical representations of risk.
3) The document also describes a Korean study that analyzed over 5,000 consultations on drug exposure during pregnancy between 1999-2008 to evaluate approaches for utilizing reproductive toxicity information.
On April 5, 2014 the MRF partnered with Seattle Cancer Care Alliance and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center to provide a free educational event dedicated to melanoma patients and the people who support them.
Simbarashe Takuva, AIDS 2010. Durability of first line antiretroviral therapy...Simba Takuva
This study analyzed reasons for modifications to first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens in a cohort of patients in Swaziland. The most common reasons for modification were gastrointestinal toxicities, peripheral neuropathy, and lipodystrophy related to d4T use. Patients initiating ART with lower CD4 counts or higher weight had poorer regimen durability. The findings emphasize the need to avoid toxic ART drugs, start treatment earlier, and identify patients who may require TB treatment or become pregnant.
Topical WBI - 1001 is effective in the treatment of mild to moderate psoriasi...innovaderm
1) A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial evaluated the safety and efficacy of topical WBI-1001 1% cream in patients with mild to moderate plaque psoriasis. 2) After 12 weeks, WBI-1001 treated patients showed a statistically significant improvement in psoriasis severity compared to placebo based on PGA, PASI, BSA and target lesion assessments. 3) The most common adverse events with WBI-1001 were mild to moderate application site reactions.
This document discusses antidepressant use in the Netherlands. It finds that while 900,000 patients are treated for depression each year, only 14% of patients meet eligibility criteria for clinical trials of antidepressants. Many patients do not continue antidepressant treatment as recommended by guidelines. Approximately 30% of patients stop treatment abruptly, experiencing discontinuation side effects, while others create homemade tapering schedules or use schedules from their doctor. The document examines patterns of initiation, adherence, and discontinuation of antidepressant treatment using pharmacy records data.
1. The document describes using best-worst scaling to elicit values from respondents. Best-worst scaling differs from traditional discrete choice experiments in that respondents choose the best and worst attribute levels displayed rather than choosing a preferred specification.
2. The document reports on a best-worst scaling study that elicited preferences from the general public, parents, and health professionals regarding treatment trade-offs for pediatric medulloblastoma. It analyzes the results using best-worst count scores to understand preferences for different attributes like treatment accuracy, quality of life outcomes, and survival rates based on prognosis.
3. The results show that quality of life attributes have the biggest impact on clinicians' decisions for good prognosis, with severe and partial
The document discusses the effects of radiation exposure during pregnancy, noting that exposure under 5 rads has negligible risk but over 15 rads can cause issues. It provides guidance on counseling patients who have been exposed to radiation about their very low additional risks compared to spontaneous risks of pregnancy complications. Recommendations are given for handling diagnostic procedures, radiation therapy, and calculating fetal radiation doses.
The document discusses common nutrition problems in India. It notes that pregnant women, lactating women, infants, preschool children, adolescent girls, the elderly and socially deprived communities are most at risk. The main problems include low birth weight, growth faltering, protein energy malnutrition, and micronutrient deficiencies like vitamin A deficiency, anemia, and iodine deficiency. Interventions currently in operation to address these issues include programs focused on integrated child development, iron and folic acid distribution, vitamin A supplementation, primary healthcare, health education, as well as indirect programs related to poverty alleviation, sanitation, water, and literacy.
Common nutrition problems in India include low birth weight, growth faltering, protein energy malnutrition, and micronutrient deficiencies. Groups most at risk include pregnant women, lactating women, infants, preschool children, and adolescent girls. Specific problems include anemia, vitamin A deficiency, and iodine deficiency disorders. Nutrient intakes are inadequate across many populations, with intakes of iron, calcium, vitamin A, and other nutrients often below recommended levels in women, children, and rural populations. Factors contributing to malnutrition include maternal malnutrition, faulty childfeeding practices, dietary inadequacy, frequent infections, poverty, illiteracy, and lack of access to health services and sanitation. Various government programs aim to
IOSRPHR(www.iosrphr.org) IOSR Journal of Pharmacyiosrphr_editor
The document summarizes a study on mothers' misconceptions and traditional practices regarding teething symptoms in infants in Khartoum, Sudan. The study found that over 95% of mothers believed teething causes medical problems in infants like diarrhea, fever, and loss of appetite. Many mothers were warned that teething could lead to death. Traditional practices used to treat teething included lancing gums, applying herbs, and cauterization. The study recommends educating parents and health professionals about teething to avoid harmful traditional practices and address misconceptions.
IOSRPHR(www.iosrphr.org) IOSR Journal of Pharmacyiosrphr_editor
The document summarizes a study on mothers' misconceptions and traditional practices regarding teething symptoms in infants in Khartoum, Sudan. The study found that over 95% of mothers believed teething causes medical problems in infants like diarrhea, fever, and loss of appetite. Many mothers used traditional remedies like applying heated needles or herbs to gum areas, which have caused harm. The study recommends educating mothers and healthcare providers about the teething process and proper management of teething issues to address these misconceptions and harmful practices.
IOSRPHR(www.iosrphr.org) IOSR Journal of Pharmacyiosrphr_editor
The document summarizes a study on mothers' misconceptions and traditional practices regarding teething symptoms in infants in Khartoum, Sudan. The study found that over 95% of mothers believed teething causes medical problems in infants like diarrhea, fever, and loss of appetite. Many mothers used traditional remedies like applying heated needles or herbs to gum areas, which have caused harm. The study recommends educating mothers and healthcare providers about the teething process and proper management of teething issues to address these misconceptions and harmful practices.
Care Seeking for Newborn Illness a Changing Paradigm_Steve Wall_4.25.13CORE Group
The document discusses evidence from community health worker programs in multiple countries that care seeking for newborn illness from qualified providers outside the home is higher than originally assumed, as cultural taboos can be overcome through community education. It also examines the roles of community health workers in improving newborn care practices through home visits and facilitating care seeking, finding that while practices and care seeking increased, timely care seeking could still be improved. Overall, the key lessons highlighted are that demand for care can be generated through community programs, but treatment also needs to be accessible, and strengthening monitoring and follow up of referrals is important.
This document describes using logistic regression and gradient boosting models to predict survival of calves with neonatal calf diarrhea (NCD) using clinical data from 131 calves. The models were trained on 75% of the data and tested on the remaining 25%. Initially, the gradient boosting model overfit the training data and performed poorly on the test data. Reducing the complexity of the gradient boosting model improved its accuracy on the test data. Total protein and anion gap levels were identified as important predictive features. Overall, the study demonstrated the potential to build predictive models for NCD survival using machine learning techniques on clinical data.
This document summarizes evidence from a systematic review on effective interventions to improve antibiotic prescribing in primary care. The review found that interventions involving multiple components, including educational materials and meetings for physicians, were most effective at reducing total antibiotic prescribing. Delayed prescribing strategies that provide clear instructions on use were also effective. Communication skills training for physicians, with or without decision aids, reduced prescribing for respiratory tract infections. The use of near-patient tests also reduced prescribing when combined with clinical training.
Safety of Mebendazole Use During Lactationmothersafe
This case series study evaluated the safety of mebendazole use in 45 lactating women and their infants. Mebendazole was administered using single or repeated doses and was well tolerated by both the mothers and infants, with no adverse effects observed in infants. Mild GI irritability occurred in two treated mothers. This study provides the first evidence that mebendazole is safe for use in breastfeeding.
This document summarizes a study that examined the relationship between the drug domperidone, which is commonly used off-label to stimulate lactation, and the risk of ventricular arrhythmia and mortality during the postpartum period. The study used a retrospective cohort of over 225,000 women in British Columbia between 2002-2011. It found a possible doubling of the risk of hospitalization for ventricular arrhythmia among those exposed to domperidone, though the results were not statistically significant. Larger studies are needed to confirm any association.
This document summarizes key findings from several studies on exposures during pregnancy and lactation. The studies found:
- Teratogen information services receive thousands of calls annually regarding exposures to medications, infections, herbs and other substances during pregnancy and breastfeeding. The majority of calls concern analgesics, cold medications, herbs and dietary supplements.
- Most calls are made by exposed individuals themselves, highlighting a need for more education during prenatal care about risks of nonprescription drugs and vaccines.
- While some drugs used to treat autoimmune diseases like methotrexate and leflunomide can cause harm if taken during early pregnancy, others like sulfasalazine, azathioprine and antimalarials are
(마더리스크라운드) Thyroid disease in pregnancy 임신 중 갑상선mothersafe
This study examined pregnancy outcomes for women exposed to antithyroid medications or levothyroxine for thyroid disorders. The study found that infants of mothers treated for hyperthyroidism with antithyroid medications were more likely to be born preterm or with low birth weight. However, treatment of hypothyroidism with levothyroxine did not negatively impact birth outcomes and showed no increased risk of infant mortality. Additionally, the study found no evidence that levothyroxine exposure increased the risk of major congenital anomalies.
Diclectin in NVP, 44th 유럽기형학회보고 / 한정열 교수mothersafe
This document summarizes a presentation on making a difference as concerned scientists in an environmentally contaminated world. It discusses how scientists have identified problems like chemical pollution and investigated effects on human health. It provides examples like Rachel Carson's Silent Spring which brought attention to pesticide impacts and led to regulations. Endocrine disrupting chemicals can alter fetal development with impacts like reduced intelligence only appearing later. The document then summarizes several talks on topics like the impacts of maternal health conditions like diabetes and epilepsy during pregnancy, using the human placenta to test chemical safety, prenatal metal exposure and DNA methylation in the placenta, free fetal hemoglobin as a potential cause and target for preeclampsia, and revising guidelines
Maternal smoking during pregnancy was associated with an increased risk of major malformations in newborns. A study of over 2000 pregnancies found the risk of major malformations was 3.3 times higher for babies exposed to maternal smoking compared to non-exposed babies. Paternal smoking was also high among the smoking mothers, occurring in over 60% of smoking mothers compared to 38% of non-smoking mothers. Exposure to alcohol and lower education levels were also associated with increased risk of maternal smoking during pregnancy.
This document summarizes guidelines and studies on screening and management of subclinical hypothyroidism during pregnancy. Key points include:
- Guidelines from thyroid societies recommend trimester-specific reference ranges for TSH and treatment of SCH with levothyroxine.
- Studies show mixed results on associations between SCH and adverse pregnancy/child outcomes, and limited benefits of levothyroxine treatment.
- Targeted high-risk screening misses a significant percentage of women with thyroid dysfunction compared to universal screening.
- While evidence is still limited, most experts recommend universal screening to detect and treat overt hypothyroidism given potential benefits.
This document provides information about external cephalic version (ECV):
1. ECV is a procedure performed near term to manually turn a breech baby into a head-down position. The success rate of ECV is reported between 35-86%.
2. ECV has been performed since ancient times but was improved in the 1970s by performing it under tocolysis after screening with ultrasound and fetal monitoring. Recent studies show ECV effectively reduces non-cephalic births and C-sections for malpresentation.
3. Guidelines from obstetric organizations recommend offering ECV to women with a breech fetus near term due to evidence it can reduce C-sections. Factors like adequate amni
1. Proper management of diabetes before and during pregnancy is important to reduce risks of complications. Tight glucose control through medical nutrition therapy, exercise, and insulin treatment can decrease risks of fetal anomalies and growth issues.
2. Gestational diabetes is diagnosed through an oral glucose tolerance test and treated with lifestyle changes and possibly insulin to control blood glucose. Women with a history of GDM require follow up after pregnancy to screen for diabetes.
3. Preconception counseling and care is crucial for women with pre-existing diabetes to optimize health before pregnancy in order to lower risks during pregnancy through strict glucose monitoring and management.
This document discusses alcohol intake during pregnancy and fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). It provides statistics on alcohol use during pregnancy from various studies. It notes that a safe level of alcohol during pregnancy has not been determined, as the effects of alcohol on the fetus are variable depending on factors like the mother's metabolism and drinking patterns. Low to moderate prenatal alcohol exposure has not shown effects in some studies, but other research has found children with FAS even with reported low alcohol intake. The document describes clinical features of FASD including facial abnormalities, growth issues, central nervous system anomalies, and functional impairments. It discusses diagnostic criteria from various organizations and guidelines for diagnosing FASD.
Congestive Heart failure is caused by low cardiac output and high sympathetic discharge. Diuretics reduce preload, ACE inhibitors lower afterload, beta blockers reduce sympathetic activity, and digitalis has inotropic effects. Newer medications target vasodilation and myosin activation to improve heart efficiency while lowering energy requirements. Combination therapy, following an assessment of cardiac function and volume status, is the most effective strategy to heart failure care.
Storyboard on Skin- Innovative Learning (M-pharm) 2nd sem. (Cosmetics)MuskanShingari
Skin is the largest organ of the human body, serving crucial functions that include protection, sensation, regulation, and synthesis. Structurally, it consists of three main layers: the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis (subcutaneous layer).
1. **Epidermis**: The outermost layer primarily composed of epithelial cells called keratinocytes. It provides a protective barrier against environmental factors, pathogens, and UV radiation.
2. **Dermis**: Located beneath the epidermis, the dermis contains connective tissue, blood vessels, hair follicles, and sweat glands. It plays a vital role in supporting and nourishing the epidermis, regulating body temperature, and housing sensory receptors for touch, pressure, temperature, and pain.
3. **Hypodermis**: Also known as the subcutaneous layer, it consists of fat and connective tissue that anchors the skin to underlying structures like muscles and bones. It provides insulation, cushioning, and energy storage.
Skin performs essential functions such as regulating body temperature through sweat production and blood flow control, synthesizing vitamin D when exposed to sunlight, and serving as a sensory interface with the external environment.
Maintaining skin health is crucial for overall well-being, involving proper hygiene, hydration, protection from sun exposure, and avoiding harmful substances. Skin conditions and diseases range from minor irritations to chronic disorders, emphasizing the importance of regular care and medical attention when needed.
Fexofenadine is sold under the brand name Allegra.
It is a selective peripheral H1 blocker. It is classified as a second-generation antihistamine because it is less able to pass the blood–brain barrier and causes lesser sedation, as compared to first-generation antihistamines.
It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. Fexofenadine has been manufactured in generic form since 2011.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/RvdYsTzgQq8
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/ECILGWtgZko
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Nano-gold for Cancer Therapy chemistry investigatory projectSIVAVINAYAKPK
chemistry investigatory project
The development of nanogold-based cancer therapy could revolutionize oncology by providing a more targeted, less invasive treatment option. This project contributes to the growing body of research aimed at harnessing nanotechnology for medical applications, paving the way for future clinical trials and potential commercial applications.
Cancer remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide, prompting the need for innovative treatment methods. Nanotechnology offers promising new approaches, including the use of gold nanoparticles (nanogold) for targeted cancer therapy. Nanogold particles possess unique physical and chemical properties that make them suitable for drug delivery, imaging, and photothermal therapy.
Receptor Discordance in Breast Carcinoma During the Course of Life
Definition:
Receptor discordance refers to changes in the status of hormone receptors (estrogen receptor ERα, progesterone receptor PgR, and HER2) in breast cancer tumors over time or between primary and metastatic sites.
Causes:
Tumor Evolution:
Genetic and epigenetic changes during tumor progression can lead to alterations in receptor status.
Treatment Effects:
Therapies, especially endocrine and targeted therapies, can selectively pressure tumor cells, causing shifts in receptor expression.
Heterogeneity:
Inherent heterogeneity within the tumor can result in subpopulations of cells with different receptor statuses.
Impact on Treatment:
Therapeutic Resistance:
Loss of ERα or PgR can lead to resistance to endocrine therapies.
HER2 discordance affects the efficacy of HER2-targeted treatments.
Treatment Adjustment:
Regular reassessment of receptor status may be necessary to adjust treatment strategies appropriately.
Clinical Implications:
Prognosis:
Receptor discordance is often associated with a poorer prognosis.
Biopsies:
Obtaining biopsies from metastatic sites is crucial for accurate receptor status assessment and effective treatment planning.
Monitoring:
Continuous monitoring of receptor status throughout the disease course can guide personalized therapy adjustments.
Understanding and managing receptor discordance is essential for optimizing treatment outcomes and improving the prognosis for breast cancer patients.
CLASSIFICATION OF H1 ANTIHISTAMINICS-
FIRST GENERATION ANTIHISTAMINICS-
1)HIGHLY SEDATIVE-DIPHENHYDRAMINE,DIMENHYDRINATE,PROMETHAZINE,HYDROXYZINE 2)MODERATELY SEDATIVE- PHENARIMINE,CYPROHEPTADINE, MECLIZINE,CINNARIZINE
3)MILD SEDATIVE-CHLORPHENIRAMINE,DEXCHLORPHENIRAMINE
TRIPROLIDINE,CLEMASTINE
SECOND GENERATION ANTIHISTAMINICS-FEXOFENADINE,
LORATADINE,DESLORATADINE,CETIRIZINE,LEVOCETIRIZINE,
AZELASTINE,MIZOLASTINE,EBASTINE,RUPATADINE. Mechanism of action of 2nd generation antihistaminics-
These drugs competitively antagonize actions of
histamine at the H1 receptors.
Pharmacological actions-
Antagonism of histamine-The H1 antagonists effectively block histamine induced bronchoconstriction, contraction of intestinal and other smooth muscle and triple response especially wheal, flare and itch. Constriction of larger blood vessel by histamine is also antagonized.
2) Antiallergic actions-Many manifestations of immediate hypersensitivity (type I reactions)are suppressed. Urticaria, itching and angioedema are well controlled.3) CNS action-The older antihistamines produce variable degree of CNS depression.But in case of 2nd gen antihistaminics there is less CNS depressant property as these cross BBB to significantly lesser extent.
4) Anticholinergic action- many H1 blockers
in addition antagonize muscarinic actions of ACh. BUT IN 2ND gen histaminics there is Higher H1 selectivitiy : no anticholinergic side effects
TEST BANK For Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, 14...Donc Test
TEST BANK For Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, 14th Edition (Hinkle, 2017) Verified Chapter's 1 - 73 Complete.pdf
TEST BANK For Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, 14th Edition (Hinkle, 2017) Verified Chapter's 1 - 73 Complete.pdf
TEST BANK For Brunner and Suddarth's Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing, 14th Edition (Hinkle, 2017) Verified Chapter's 1 - 73 Complete.pdf
Spontaneous Bacterial Peritonitis - Pathogenesis , Clinical Features & Manage...Jim Jacob Roy
In this presentation , SBP ( spontaneous bacterial peritonitis ) , which is a common complication in patients with cirrhosis and ascites is described in detail.
The reference for this presentation is Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease Textbook ( 11th edition ).
Selective alpha1 blockers are Prazosin, Terazosin, Doxazosin, Tamsulosin and Silodosin majorly used to treat BPH, also hypertension, PTSD, Raynaud's phenomenon, CHF
The biomechanics of running involves the study of the mechanical principles underlying running movements. It includes the analysis of the running gait cycle, which consists of the stance phase (foot contact to push-off) and the swing phase (foot lift-off to next contact). Key aspects include kinematics (joint angles and movements, stride length and frequency) and kinetics (forces involved in running, including ground reaction and muscle forces). Understanding these factors helps in improving running performance, optimizing technique, and preventing injuries.
PGx Analysis in VarSeq: A User’s PerspectiveGolden Helix
Since our release of the PGx capabilities in VarSeq, we’ve had a few months to gather some insights from various use cases. Some users approach PGx workflows by means of array genotyping or what seems to be a growing trend of adding the star allele calling to the existing NGS pipeline for whole genome data. Luckily, both approaches are supported with the VarSeq software platform. The genotyping method being used will also dictate what the scope of the tertiary analysis will be. For example, are your PGx reports a standalone pipeline or would your lab’s goal be to handle a dual-purpose workflow and report on PGx + Diagnostic findings.
The purpose of this webcast is to:
Discuss and demonstrate the approaches with array and NGS genotyping methods for star allele calling to prep for downstream analysis.
Following genotyping, explore alternative tertiary workflow concepts in VarSeq to handle PGx reporting.
Moreover, we will include insights users will need to consider when validating their PGx workflow for all possible star alleles and options you have for automating your PGx analysis for large number of samples. Please join us for a session dedicated to the application of star allele genotyping and subsequent PGx workflows in our VarSeq software.
Tele Optometry (kunj'sppt) / Basics of tele optometry.
캐나다 마더리스크프로그램연수기 - 최준식 교수
1. Motherisk Program in Canada
June Seek Choi, M.D., PhD.
The Korean Motherisk Program,
Div. of Maternal-Fetal Medicine,
Dept. of OB & GYN,
Cheil General Hospital and Women’s Healthcare Center,
Kwandong University School of Medicine
7. Organization Chart (1)
• Dr. Gideon Koren- Director of Motherisk
• Dr. Ito Shinya- Head of Division of
Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology
• Dr. Irena Nulman- Associate Director of
Motherisk, Alcohol & Drugs in
Pregnancy
8. Organization Chart (2)
Adverse Drug
Reaction
Clinical
Pharmacology &
Toxicology
Breast Feeding
Sickkids Motherisk Call
Hospital Center
Clinic
Motherisk
Program
Placental Study
Hair Test
12. Motherisk Program (Call Center) (1)
1
MR General
Line
2
Motherisk
Helpline Alcohol
1
Line
NVP Line 1
13. Motherisk Program (Call Center) (2)
Total
number of
call: 34,558
Alcohol and
MR general NVP line:
Substance
line: 31,206 2,035
use: 1,317
Motherisk 2011
14. Motherisk Program (Call Center) (3)
Caller Type Number of Questions per Call
on the MR General Line
Motherisk 2011
15. The Most Called About Exposures during Pregnancy
on the Motherisk General Line
Frequency of Question (%)
Motherisk 2011
16. The Most Called About Exposures during Lactation on
the Motherisk General Line
Frequency of Question (%)
Motherisk 2011
23. Hair Test (1) Alcohol
FAEE concentration Classification Interpretation
> 1.0 ng/mg (positive) Chronic Alcohol -100% specific for regular, excessive alcohol
Abuser consumption
-25% of chronic alcohol abusers will test below
this level
0.50-0.99 ng/mg Chronic Alcohol -90% specific for regular, excessive alcohol
(positive) Abuser consumption
-10% of chronic alcohol abusers will test below
this range
-10% of moderate drinkers will show result in
this range
< 0.49 ng/mg Moderate/Non-drinker -No evidence of excessive alcohol consumption
(negative) (Up to 20g of alcohol per day; ~2drinks)
< 0.20 – 0.040 ng/mg Non-Drinker (abstainer) -No evidence of alcohol consumption
(negative)
The Hospital for Sick Children 2007
24. Hair Test (2) Methamphetamine
• Half of a million people using this drug
weekly in the USA
• 8% of individuals with positive drug test in
Motherisk database are positive for
methamphetamine
• 85% of the individuals positive for
methamphetamine are positive for at least
one other drug abuse, most commonly
cocaine
25. Hair Test (3) Drugs in Adult Hair
COCAINE OPIATES CANNABIS AMPETAMINE METHAMPHETAMINE
ng/mg ng/mg ng/mg ng/mg ng/mg
(n = 1,532) (n = 426) (n = 597) (n = 97) (n =243)
median 2.38 0.65 0.33 0.60 1.03
VERY LOW < 0.23 < 0.16 < 0.11 < 0.13 < 0.16
(5th percentile)
LOW 0.23-0.71 0.16-0.33 0.11-0.18 0.13-0.30 0.16-0.37
(5-25th percentile)
MEDIUM 0.72-8.58 0.34-1.77 0.19-0.70 0.31-1.44 0.38-3.87
(25-75th percentile)
HIGH 8.59-39.47 1.78-8.22 0.71-2.86 1.45-9.72 3.88-24.51
(75-95th percentile)
VERY HIGH > 39.47 > 8.22 > 2.86 > 9.72 > 24.51
(95th percentile)
The Hospital for Sick Children 2006
27. Placental Perfusion Study (1)
• Human placental perfusion, first
designed by Schneider et al (1972)
• To investigate drug transfer from
the maternal to the fetal circulation
• Placental perfusion study has been
conducted in Motherisk since 2004
28. Placental Perfusion Study (2)
• Exclusion Criteria
- Preterm placenta
- Extremely fibrotic changed placenta
- Many defects in cotyledon
- Hepatitis, HIV
• Failure Rate: 90%
29.
30. Studies in Canada
Fetal outcomes in women taking domperidone
during pregnancy
June-Seek Choi,*,† Jung-Yeol Han,*,† Hyun-Kyong Ahn,*,† Hyun-Mee RYU,†
Moon-Young KIM,† Jae-Hyug YANG,† Alejandro A. Nava-Ocampo‡,§ and Gideon Koren¶
31. Fetal outcomes in women taking domperidone during
pregnancy
Cases (n= 120) Controls (n=212) 95% CI for the difference P value
Gestational age at birth (weeks) 39.1 ± 1.4 39.2 ± 2.0 -0.5, 0.4 0.81
Birth weight (g) 3,308.4 ± 529.1 3,273.0 ± 485.0 -77.2, 148.1 0.54
Birth length (cm) 49.5 ± 2.5 46.6 ± 2.2 -0.7, 1.4 0.51
Head circumference at birth (cm) 34.4 ± 3.7 34.2 ± 3.8 -0.6, 1.6 0.58
Apgar score, 1 min 8.3 ± 1.3 8.2 ± 1.3 -0.2, 0.2 0.80
Apgar score, 5 min 9.0 ± 1.3 8.9 ± 1.4 -0.1, 0.3 0.36
Malformationsa 3 (2.5) 3 (1.4) OR= 0.6 (0.1, 2.8) 0.38
Meconium staining at birth - 1 (0.5) - 0.69
Neonatal jaundice 1 (0.8%) 4 (1.9) OR= 2.3 (0.3, 20.7) 0.41
aIn the case group: a baby born with bilateral equino varus and right calcaneal deformity, another with megacisterna magna, and a
third one with right inguinal hernia.
In the control group: a baby born with skin tag on the left nipple and a spot on left knee, another with left dysplastic kidney, and a third
one with left pyelectasis
32. Studies in Canada
Pregnancy and isotretinoin therapy
June Seek Choi, Gideon Koren, Irena Nulman
33. Pregnancy and isotretinoin therapy
• Oral isotretinoin was introduced in the USA
in 1982 and Canada in 1983.
• 20-35% risk for congenital defects
232 types of generic
(craniofacial, central nervous system, and original
cardiovascular, and thymic malformations) isotretinoin made in
36 countries around
• 30-60% of children prenatally exposed to
the world
isotretinoin have been reported to
demonstrate neurocognitive impairment,
even without physical defects.
34. Pregnancy and isotretinoin therapy
Pregnancy Preventio System to Manage Accu iPLEDGE
n Program(PPP) tane Related Teratogeni
city (SMART)
• 1988 • 2002 • 2006
• 34% failing to receive the • Monthly pregnancy tes
• 36% failed to required two pregnancy ts,
tests before beginning • Documentation of
receive a treatment contraceptive use,
pregnancy test • 54% of women of child- • Patient education
bearing age failing to use reinforcing key safety
two methods of birth- messages
control • Registered in a single
database
36. Pregnancy and isotretinoin therapy
• We propose that every physician and pharmacist
who prescribes or dispenses isotretinoin should
complete a mandatory online certification program
involving proper education about contraceptive
methods and the therapeutic and fetotoxic effects
of this drug.
• With improved education of patients and healthcare
providers, improved patient adherence with
established safety protocols, and proper control of
isotretinoin distribution, one can hope that more
women will use isotretinoin safely.
37. Studies in Canada
Fetal and neonatal outcomes in women reporting
ingestion of licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) during
pregnancy
June-Seek Choi1,2, Jung-Yeol Han1,2, Hyun-Kyeong Ahn1,2, Hyun-Mee Ryu2,
Moon-Young Kim2, Jin-Hoon Chung2, Alejandro A. Nava-Ocampo3,4,5, Gideon Koren4,5,6
38. Fetal and neonatal outcomes in women reporting ingestion of
licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) during pregnancy
• The roots and rhizomes of licorice species have long
been used worldwide as a natural remedy and
sweetener in candies, liquor, and teas.
• A large number of chemicals has been isolated from
licorice, including triterpene saponins, flavonoids,
isoflavonoids and chalcones, and glycyrrhizin, the
latter of which is considered to be the main
biologically active component of licorice.
• In Republic of Korea, licorice is present in over
2,000 OTC formulations, and in more than 200
galenic formulations.
39. Fetal and neonatal outcomes in women reporting ingestion of
licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) during pregnancy
Cases (n= 180) Controls (n= 350) 95% CI for the difference P value
Stillbirths, n (%) 4 (2.2) 1 (0.3) OR= 7.9 (0.9 to 71.5) 0.048
Live births, n (%) 176 (97.8) 349 (99.7) OR= 0.1 (0.0 to 1.1) 0.048
Preterm births, n (%) 17 (9.4) 22 (6.3) OR= 1.5 (0.8 to 3.0) 0.19
Gestational age (weeks; mean ± SD) 39.0 ± 2.5 39.3 ± 1.7 -0.007, 0.7 0.05
Birth weight (g; mean ± SD) 3,294.1 ± 522.0 3,287.9 ± 457.6 -93.0., 80.5 0.89
Birth length (cm; mean ± SD) 49.7 ± 2.3 49.6 ± 1.9 -0.5, 0.3 0.60
Head circumference (cm; mean ± 34.6 ± 1.5 34.5 ± 1.3 -0.3, 0.2 0.62
SD)
Apgar score, 1 min (mean ± SD) 8.4 ± 0.9 8.6 ± 3.9 -0.4, 0.8 0.45
Apgar score, 5 min (mean ± SD) 9.0 ± 0.7 9.1 ± 0.9 -0.4, 0.8 0.37
Major malformations, n (%) 2 (1.1)a 1 (0.3)b OR= 3.9 (0.4 to 43.5) 0.27
Minor malformations, n (%) - 2 (0.6)c - 0.44
Meconium staining at birth, n (%) - 5 (1.4) - 0.13
Neonatal jaundice, n (%) 3 (1.7) 8 (2.3) OR= 0.7 (0.2 to 2.8) 0.46
aA baby born with megacisterna magna, and another born with dysplastic changes in the left kidney, left ectopic ureteral insertion, and hydroureter and
mild pyelectasis in the right kidney.
bA baby born with mild forefoot adduction, varus deformity of left foot and calcaneal deformity of right foot, and is being followed up by a pediatric orthopedist.
cA baby born with a single umbilical artery, and another baby born with left pyelectasis
40. Fetal and neonatal outcomes in women reporting ingestion of
licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) during pregnancy
• The rate of stillbirths was marginally higher among
women who took licorice than those who did not
(OR= 7.9; 95%CI 0.9-71.5; P=0.048), and
significantly higher when compared to the general
population in Republic of Korea (OR= 13.3; 95% CI
4.9-35.8; P<0.001).
41. Fetal and neonatal outcomes in women reporting ingestion of
licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) during pregnancy
25th International Conference of the Organization of
Teratology Information Specialists
Marriott Baltimore Waterfront
42. Studies in Canada
Fetal and neonatal outcomes in pregnant women exposed to
abdominal or lumbar radiodiagnostic procedures without
administration of radionucleotides
June-Seek Choi1,2, Jung-Yeol Han1,2, Hyun-Kyeong Ahn1,2, Hyun-Mee Ryu2,
Moon-Young Kim2, Jin-Hoon Chung2, Gye-Hyeong An2, and Alejandro A. Nava-Ocampo3,4,5
43. Fetal and neonatal outcomes in pregnant women exposed to abdominal or
lumbar radiodiagnostic procedures without administration of
radionucleotides
Characteristics n (%)
A) Radiological study
Lumbar spine radiography 40 (34.5)
Plain abdominal radiography 19 (16.4)
Upper gastrointestinal tract radiography 18 (15.5)
Abdominal CT scan without contrast 13 (11.2)
Contrast-enhanced abdominal CT scan 6 (5.2)
Urinary tract X-ray 6 (5.2)
Barium enema 5 (4.3)
Pelvis radiography 5 (4.3)
Intravenous pyelogram 2 (1.7)
Lumbar CT scan 2 (1.7)
B) Indications
Low back pain 33 (28.4)
Check-up 32 (27.6)
Abdominal pain 16 (13.8)
Functional gastrointestinal disorders 15 (12.9)
Evaluation post-car accident 10 (8.6)
n= 115
Upper respiratory tract infection 1 (0.9) aBased on the estimates for selected
procedures published elsewhere10
Others 9 (7.8) 1 mSv = 1 mGy = 0.1 rad
bMedian (ranges)
C) Fetal dose (mSv)a 7.2 (0.3 – 66.6)b
44. Fetal and neonatal outcomes in pregnant women exposed to abdominal or
lumbar radiodiagnostic procedures without administration of
radionucleotides
Fetal and neonatal outcomes Exposed (n= 105) Controls (n= 485) 95% CI for the difference P value
Gestational age at birth (weeks) 39.5 ± 1.1 39.2 ± 1.6 -0.6, 0.1 0.13
Birth weight (g) 3,321.2 ± 422.6 3,300.6 ± 428.7 -111.5., 70.1 0.66
Birth length (cm) 49.5 ± 2.6 49.5 ± 1.9 -0.5, 0.4 0.96
Head circumference at birth (cm) 34.7 ± 1.9 34.6 ± 1.7 -0.4, 0.3 0.83
1-min Apgar score 8.4 ± 0.6 8.3 ± 0.8 -0.3, 0.1 0.30
5-min Apgar score 9.0 ± 0.6 9.1 ± 0.7 -0.1, 0.2 0.41
IUFD (%) 1 (1.0) 1 (0.2) OR= 4.7 (0.3, 75.0) 0.33
Malformationsa (%) 2 (1.9) 2 (0.4) OR= 4.7 (0.7, 33.6) 0.15
NICU admission (%) 5 (4.8) 8 (1.7) OR= 2.9 (1.0, 9.3) 0.062
Duration at NICU (days) 6.0 ± 3.0 6.3 ± 7.4 -10.2, 10.8 0.95
Meconium stain at birth (%) - 2 (0.4) - 0.68
Neonatal jaundice (%) 2 (1.9) 11 (2.3) OR= 0.8 (0.2, 3.8) 0.59
aInthe case group: a baby born with left cerebral mild ventriculomegaly and infantile spasm, second one with small pulmonary artery. In the control group: a
baby born with cleft palate, second one with mega cistern magna.
45. Future Works
• Paper for Individual Herbal Medicine
• Establish Placental Perfusion Study
in Korean Motherisk Program
• Improvement of Korean Motherisk
Database