Methods of stomach contetn analyses of fishesrageshsr
This document provides an overview of methods for analyzing the stomach contents of fish to study their feeding habits and diets. There are both qualitative and quantitative techniques. Qualitative analysis identifies prey items, while quantitative methods include numerical (counts), gravimetric (weights), and volumetric. Numerical methods further include occurrence (presence/absence), dominance (main prey bulk), and number (counts of each prey type). The document outlines these various quantitative methods and their appropriate uses and limitations for different types of prey. Accurately analyzing stomach contents requires considering factors like fish size, time of day, and prey availability.
The discussion of the following slides are mainly focused on the introduction of threatened and endangered fish species.
The biodiversity committees are also been discussed.
A list of endangered and threatened species of fish is also given.
Biodiversity indices provide mathematical measures of diversity in communities. They quantify species richness, evenness, dominance, and incorporate both the number of species and their abundances. Common indices include Simpson's index, Shannon-Wiener index, and Evenness index. They are used to measure diversity at different spatial scales like alpha, beta, and gamma diversity. The Index of Biotic Integrity also synthesizes biological data to evaluate biological condition and integrity of aquatic ecosystems based on fish communities and metrics.
NFDB, MPEDA, NABARD, FFDA,Financial supporting for the Development of Fisheries dependent livelihood and enhancement of selfish sufficient fish food production for increasing food security, fish food for health life.
A presentation to study the origin and development of oceanographic science in details from the ancient peoples to the modern period. This presentation will be very much helpful for the learners of this discipline.
The document discusses prawn and shrimp culture, including the life cycles and culture processes of Macrobrachium rosenbergii and Penaeus monodon. It provides an overview of the hatchery, nursery, and grow-out phases for prawn culture and the hatchery, farm, and post-farming techniques for shrimp culture. Statistics on global production, producers, and farming are also presented for both species.
Methods of stomach contetn analyses of fishesrageshsr
This document provides an overview of methods for analyzing the stomach contents of fish to study their feeding habits and diets. There are both qualitative and quantitative techniques. Qualitative analysis identifies prey items, while quantitative methods include numerical (counts), gravimetric (weights), and volumetric. Numerical methods further include occurrence (presence/absence), dominance (main prey bulk), and number (counts of each prey type). The document outlines these various quantitative methods and their appropriate uses and limitations for different types of prey. Accurately analyzing stomach contents requires considering factors like fish size, time of day, and prey availability.
The discussion of the following slides are mainly focused on the introduction of threatened and endangered fish species.
The biodiversity committees are also been discussed.
A list of endangered and threatened species of fish is also given.
Biodiversity indices provide mathematical measures of diversity in communities. They quantify species richness, evenness, dominance, and incorporate both the number of species and their abundances. Common indices include Simpson's index, Shannon-Wiener index, and Evenness index. They are used to measure diversity at different spatial scales like alpha, beta, and gamma diversity. The Index of Biotic Integrity also synthesizes biological data to evaluate biological condition and integrity of aquatic ecosystems based on fish communities and metrics.
NFDB, MPEDA, NABARD, FFDA,Financial supporting for the Development of Fisheries dependent livelihood and enhancement of selfish sufficient fish food production for increasing food security, fish food for health life.
A presentation to study the origin and development of oceanographic science in details from the ancient peoples to the modern period. This presentation will be very much helpful for the learners of this discipline.
The document discusses prawn and shrimp culture, including the life cycles and culture processes of Macrobrachium rosenbergii and Penaeus monodon. It provides an overview of the hatchery, nursery, and grow-out phases for prawn culture and the hatchery, farm, and post-farming techniques for shrimp culture. Statistics on global production, producers, and farming are also presented for both species.
All the freshwater prawns that have been cultured so far belong to the genus Macrobrachium , Bate 1868, the largest genus of the family Palaemonidae. About 200 species have been described, almost all of which live in freshwater at least for part of their life.
The giant river prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii , was one of the first species to become scientifically known , the first recognizable illustration appearing in 1705. The nomenclature of freshwater prawns, both on a generic and a species level has had quite a muddled history. In the past, generic names have included Cancer (Astacus) and Palaemon. Previous names of M. rosenbergii have included Palaemon carcinus, P. dacqueti and P. rosenbergii ( De Man 1879) became universally accepted.
This document presents different culture methods for farming mussels. There are three main types of culture methods: bottom culture, intertidal and shallow water culture, and deep water culture. Intertidal and shallow water culture methods include rack culture, tray culture, wig-wam culture, and rope-web culture. Rack culture involves hanging mussel collectors on bamboo poles. Tray culture uses bamboo or metal trays suspended on poles. Deep water culture methods are raft culture, using rafts to hold suspended rope collectors, and long-line culture, which uses underwater lines anchored at the bottom.
A field trip report on the academic work in the Nijhum Dwip, Hatiya IslandAzad Uddin (Sojib Ahmed)
The document summarizes a field trip report from a study conducted in Nijhum Dwip island, Bangladesh. The study involved collecting and analyzing samples of phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthos, and plant communities to understand the biodiversity and environmental conditions. Water quality parameters like temperature, salinity, pH, and dissolved oxygen were also measured. The team identified 4 phytoplankton species, 5 zooplankton species, 4 benthos species, and 7 plant species. They found most local residents depend on the forest and fishery resources for livelihood. The report documents the field work methodology, activities, results and conclusions.
Habitat fragmentation occurs when once-continuous habitats become divided into smaller, isolated fragments. This leads to population problems for wildlife as there is reduced reproductive ability and decreased species diversity. Forest edges created by fragmentation are drier and more accessible to predators. Corridors between habitat fragments can help provide covered routes for wildlife movement, though their effectiveness is unknown. Riparian buffers improve habitat by functioning as wildlife corridors and providing food, cover, and edge habitat. Proper management of wildlife habitat requires addressing needs such as food, cover, water, space, and arrangement of habitat types.
This document discusses Mahazar, which is a record of procedures observed in a revenue case. It summarizes when a Mahazar is required, such as for attachment, acquisition, eviction, or auction. It provides guidance on how to create a smart Mahazar, including including key details like location, personnel involved, full procedures, and witness information. It also discusses related processes like preparing a sketch, inquest, and assignment. In summary, the document provides guidance on creating an accurate record of procedures for revenue cases in a clear and unambiguous manner.
This document provides guidelines for upgrading small-medium shrimp hatcheries in Vietnam to meet certification standards. It discusses the ideal hatchery layout, including separate buildings for maturation, larviculture, algae and artemia production. Dimensioning calculations are presented to estimate tank sizes based on desired post-larvae output. Infrastructure upgrades are proposed, such as adding a quarantine station, improving water treatment, and installing standardized tanks and equipment. Detailed standard operating procedures then cover topics like broodstock management, larviculture, algae production, and record keeping.
Marine Resources: Physical and biological resources, marine energyihn FreeStyle Corp.
Marine resources are physical and biological entities that are found in seas and oceans that are beneficial to man. They include fish, coral reefs and crabs, fungi, etc. A lot of conservation effort is required to protect these resources from human destruction activities like pollution and over fishing. Marine natural resources include both biological and physical sources. Biological sources include anything attributed to life forms whereas physical sources are considered to be those things that are not part of life processes. In a few instances some resources are both biological and physical. In considering the outlook of our oceans it is important to first identify the main natural resources and their status.
This document discusses different types of prawn culture practiced in India. It outlines that marine water prawn culture involves rearing species like Penaeus indicus and Penaeus monodon. Freshwater prawn culture involves species like Macrobrachium malcomsonii and Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Some common methods of prawn culture mentioned are seed collection and hatchery, paddy cum prawn culture, and Pokkali culture practiced in Kerala using low lying paddy fields. The conclusion states that prawn farming plays an important economic role in India, and its potential can be further exploited through improvements to production technology, hatcheries, seed and feed production.
Fishing Crafts in Chairman Ghat, Noakhali, Bangladesh.AsrafurTalha1
This document describes the different types of fishing crafts used in Chairman Ghat, Noakhali, Bangladesh. It outlines both mechanized boats like trawlers, fishing boats, and chandi boats as well as non-mechanized boats like dingi boats and taba boats. For each major craft, details are provided on its dimensions, construction materials, carrying capacity, crew size, engine type, fishing gear used, operating costs, catch capacity, and other specifications. In total, over 15 different local fishing crafts are defined in the document.
Construction of fish ponds requires careful planning and supervision. The type of construction depends on factors like available materials, pond function, and culture system. Earthen embankments are used for extensive ponds while reinforced concrete is used for intensive systems. Site selection, layout planning, and manpower needs must also be considered. Proper construction of drains, dykes, sluices, and pond lining are important for success. Pond size, depth, and shape are based on the planned fish species and culture method.
This document discusses tank aquaculture, including tank design, construction materials, shapes, and uses. Tanks can be made from various materials like wood, concrete, plastic, fiberglass or metal. Circular, rectangular, square and oval shapes are commonly used. Tanks are used for fry production, holding fish, and aquarium production. Seasonal tanks in Sri Lanka's dry zone are used for drinking water storage during monsoons and small-scale aquaculture during dry periods by stocking species like common carp and Chinese carps.
1) The document discusses potential fishing zones (PFZ), which are short-term forecasts of fish aggregation areas in open waters generated using satellite remote sensing of sea surface temperature and chlorophyll.
2) Validation studies in three districts of Tamil Nadu found significantly higher fish catches within PFZs compared to outside, as well as differences in species composition and gut contents between fish caught in PFZs and non-PFZs.
3) The dissemination of PFZ advisories to fishing communities helped reduce search times and increase catches and benefits to fishermen.
This document appears to be a scanned receipt from a grocery store listing various food and household items purchased totaling $123.45. The receipt details 11 separate items bought including milk, eggs, bread, toilet paper and paper towels. It provides the item names, quantities, and individual prices for each purchase along with the total cost for the order.
Siltation refers to the pollution of water by fine particulate terrestrial material like silt and clay. This leads to increased suspended sediment concentrations and accumulation of fine sediments in undesirable locations. Siltation is often caused by soil erosion or sediment spill. The main pollution source in water is sediment spill from dredging, dredged material transportation, and dredged material deposition near water. Siltation is measured by turbidity near the source, which is correlated to sediment concentration. Background turbidity is subtracted from spill plume turbidity. Repeated measurements integrate over the entire variable plume to reduce uncertainty. Siltation impacts bottom communities by interfering with filter feeding and burying organisms.
1. Aquaculture involves cultivating aquatic organisms under controlled conditions for commercial purposes. It can help meet protein needs, create jobs, and utilize water and land resources.
2. There are three main culture systems - open, semi-closed, and closed. Open systems use natural environments like cages and ponds. Semi-closed systems use ponds and raceways supplied by natural water sources. Closed systems fully control the environment in tanks.
3. India has many suitable inland water bodies for aquaculture, including ponds, tanks, reservoirs, floodplains, and swamps. Pond aquaculture is a major industry, with productivity increasing from 600-800 kg/ha/yr to
The tar sands production is damaging the environment and animal habitats in several ways. It is destroying the boreal forest habitat, which nearly 50% of bird species in North America rely on. Production is also poisoning waterways and the air, causing declines in species near operations and increased rates of cancer in nearby communities. Approximately 1 million cubic meters of water per day is diverted from the Athabasca River for tar sands operations, with 92% ending up in tailing ponds and contaminating downstream areas. The tar sands are also the fastest growing source of greenhouse gases in Canada.
Quick Reference Guide to Relevant Industrial Standards of Sri LankaB.K.T. Samarasiri
This document provides a quick reference guide to relevant industrial standards of Sri Lanka. It includes environmental norms of the Board of Investment Act, national environmental protection and quality regulations, activities requiring an environmental protection license, regulation prohibiting thin polythene, ambient air quality regulations, noise control regulations, solid waste regulations, protection of marine areas, environmental impact assessment regulations, and standards for industrial wastewater effluents. The guide extracts information from various gazette notifications and compiles it for easy reference. It aims to inform readers of the key environmental laws and standards in Sri Lanka.
This document summarizes a biodiversity study of diatoms from the Ganga River and a residential pond in India. Diatoms are single-celled algae with unique silica cell walls that come in many shapes and sizes, and play an important role in carbon fixation and oxygen production. The study involved collecting samples from both water sources, cleaning the diatoms, observing them under a microscope, and classifying the different types found based on their morphology. The document discusses the importance of diatoms and some of their applications, such as for nutrition, industry, and nanotechnology. It concludes that future genetic manipulation could make diatom biotechnology more viable and profitable.
All the freshwater prawns that have been cultured so far belong to the genus Macrobrachium , Bate 1868, the largest genus of the family Palaemonidae. About 200 species have been described, almost all of which live in freshwater at least for part of their life.
The giant river prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii , was one of the first species to become scientifically known , the first recognizable illustration appearing in 1705. The nomenclature of freshwater prawns, both on a generic and a species level has had quite a muddled history. In the past, generic names have included Cancer (Astacus) and Palaemon. Previous names of M. rosenbergii have included Palaemon carcinus, P. dacqueti and P. rosenbergii ( De Man 1879) became universally accepted.
This document presents different culture methods for farming mussels. There are three main types of culture methods: bottom culture, intertidal and shallow water culture, and deep water culture. Intertidal and shallow water culture methods include rack culture, tray culture, wig-wam culture, and rope-web culture. Rack culture involves hanging mussel collectors on bamboo poles. Tray culture uses bamboo or metal trays suspended on poles. Deep water culture methods are raft culture, using rafts to hold suspended rope collectors, and long-line culture, which uses underwater lines anchored at the bottom.
A field trip report on the academic work in the Nijhum Dwip, Hatiya IslandAzad Uddin (Sojib Ahmed)
The document summarizes a field trip report from a study conducted in Nijhum Dwip island, Bangladesh. The study involved collecting and analyzing samples of phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthos, and plant communities to understand the biodiversity and environmental conditions. Water quality parameters like temperature, salinity, pH, and dissolved oxygen were also measured. The team identified 4 phytoplankton species, 5 zooplankton species, 4 benthos species, and 7 plant species. They found most local residents depend on the forest and fishery resources for livelihood. The report documents the field work methodology, activities, results and conclusions.
Habitat fragmentation occurs when once-continuous habitats become divided into smaller, isolated fragments. This leads to population problems for wildlife as there is reduced reproductive ability and decreased species diversity. Forest edges created by fragmentation are drier and more accessible to predators. Corridors between habitat fragments can help provide covered routes for wildlife movement, though their effectiveness is unknown. Riparian buffers improve habitat by functioning as wildlife corridors and providing food, cover, and edge habitat. Proper management of wildlife habitat requires addressing needs such as food, cover, water, space, and arrangement of habitat types.
This document discusses Mahazar, which is a record of procedures observed in a revenue case. It summarizes when a Mahazar is required, such as for attachment, acquisition, eviction, or auction. It provides guidance on how to create a smart Mahazar, including including key details like location, personnel involved, full procedures, and witness information. It also discusses related processes like preparing a sketch, inquest, and assignment. In summary, the document provides guidance on creating an accurate record of procedures for revenue cases in a clear and unambiguous manner.
This document provides guidelines for upgrading small-medium shrimp hatcheries in Vietnam to meet certification standards. It discusses the ideal hatchery layout, including separate buildings for maturation, larviculture, algae and artemia production. Dimensioning calculations are presented to estimate tank sizes based on desired post-larvae output. Infrastructure upgrades are proposed, such as adding a quarantine station, improving water treatment, and installing standardized tanks and equipment. Detailed standard operating procedures then cover topics like broodstock management, larviculture, algae production, and record keeping.
Marine Resources: Physical and biological resources, marine energyihn FreeStyle Corp.
Marine resources are physical and biological entities that are found in seas and oceans that are beneficial to man. They include fish, coral reefs and crabs, fungi, etc. A lot of conservation effort is required to protect these resources from human destruction activities like pollution and over fishing. Marine natural resources include both biological and physical sources. Biological sources include anything attributed to life forms whereas physical sources are considered to be those things that are not part of life processes. In a few instances some resources are both biological and physical. In considering the outlook of our oceans it is important to first identify the main natural resources and their status.
This document discusses different types of prawn culture practiced in India. It outlines that marine water prawn culture involves rearing species like Penaeus indicus and Penaeus monodon. Freshwater prawn culture involves species like Macrobrachium malcomsonii and Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Some common methods of prawn culture mentioned are seed collection and hatchery, paddy cum prawn culture, and Pokkali culture practiced in Kerala using low lying paddy fields. The conclusion states that prawn farming plays an important economic role in India, and its potential can be further exploited through improvements to production technology, hatcheries, seed and feed production.
Fishing Crafts in Chairman Ghat, Noakhali, Bangladesh.AsrafurTalha1
This document describes the different types of fishing crafts used in Chairman Ghat, Noakhali, Bangladesh. It outlines both mechanized boats like trawlers, fishing boats, and chandi boats as well as non-mechanized boats like dingi boats and taba boats. For each major craft, details are provided on its dimensions, construction materials, carrying capacity, crew size, engine type, fishing gear used, operating costs, catch capacity, and other specifications. In total, over 15 different local fishing crafts are defined in the document.
Construction of fish ponds requires careful planning and supervision. The type of construction depends on factors like available materials, pond function, and culture system. Earthen embankments are used for extensive ponds while reinforced concrete is used for intensive systems. Site selection, layout planning, and manpower needs must also be considered. Proper construction of drains, dykes, sluices, and pond lining are important for success. Pond size, depth, and shape are based on the planned fish species and culture method.
This document discusses tank aquaculture, including tank design, construction materials, shapes, and uses. Tanks can be made from various materials like wood, concrete, plastic, fiberglass or metal. Circular, rectangular, square and oval shapes are commonly used. Tanks are used for fry production, holding fish, and aquarium production. Seasonal tanks in Sri Lanka's dry zone are used for drinking water storage during monsoons and small-scale aquaculture during dry periods by stocking species like common carp and Chinese carps.
1) The document discusses potential fishing zones (PFZ), which are short-term forecasts of fish aggregation areas in open waters generated using satellite remote sensing of sea surface temperature and chlorophyll.
2) Validation studies in three districts of Tamil Nadu found significantly higher fish catches within PFZs compared to outside, as well as differences in species composition and gut contents between fish caught in PFZs and non-PFZs.
3) The dissemination of PFZ advisories to fishing communities helped reduce search times and increase catches and benefits to fishermen.
This document appears to be a scanned receipt from a grocery store listing various food and household items purchased totaling $123.45. The receipt details 11 separate items bought including milk, eggs, bread, toilet paper and paper towels. It provides the item names, quantities, and individual prices for each purchase along with the total cost for the order.
Siltation refers to the pollution of water by fine particulate terrestrial material like silt and clay. This leads to increased suspended sediment concentrations and accumulation of fine sediments in undesirable locations. Siltation is often caused by soil erosion or sediment spill. The main pollution source in water is sediment spill from dredging, dredged material transportation, and dredged material deposition near water. Siltation is measured by turbidity near the source, which is correlated to sediment concentration. Background turbidity is subtracted from spill plume turbidity. Repeated measurements integrate over the entire variable plume to reduce uncertainty. Siltation impacts bottom communities by interfering with filter feeding and burying organisms.
1. Aquaculture involves cultivating aquatic organisms under controlled conditions for commercial purposes. It can help meet protein needs, create jobs, and utilize water and land resources.
2. There are three main culture systems - open, semi-closed, and closed. Open systems use natural environments like cages and ponds. Semi-closed systems use ponds and raceways supplied by natural water sources. Closed systems fully control the environment in tanks.
3. India has many suitable inland water bodies for aquaculture, including ponds, tanks, reservoirs, floodplains, and swamps. Pond aquaculture is a major industry, with productivity increasing from 600-800 kg/ha/yr to
The tar sands production is damaging the environment and animal habitats in several ways. It is destroying the boreal forest habitat, which nearly 50% of bird species in North America rely on. Production is also poisoning waterways and the air, causing declines in species near operations and increased rates of cancer in nearby communities. Approximately 1 million cubic meters of water per day is diverted from the Athabasca River for tar sands operations, with 92% ending up in tailing ponds and contaminating downstream areas. The tar sands are also the fastest growing source of greenhouse gases in Canada.
Quick Reference Guide to Relevant Industrial Standards of Sri LankaB.K.T. Samarasiri
This document provides a quick reference guide to relevant industrial standards of Sri Lanka. It includes environmental norms of the Board of Investment Act, national environmental protection and quality regulations, activities requiring an environmental protection license, regulation prohibiting thin polythene, ambient air quality regulations, noise control regulations, solid waste regulations, protection of marine areas, environmental impact assessment regulations, and standards for industrial wastewater effluents. The guide extracts information from various gazette notifications and compiles it for easy reference. It aims to inform readers of the key environmental laws and standards in Sri Lanka.
This document summarizes a biodiversity study of diatoms from the Ganga River and a residential pond in India. Diatoms are single-celled algae with unique silica cell walls that come in many shapes and sizes, and play an important role in carbon fixation and oxygen production. The study involved collecting samples from both water sources, cleaning the diatoms, observing them under a microscope, and classifying the different types found based on their morphology. The document discusses the importance of diatoms and some of their applications, such as for nutrition, industry, and nanotechnology. It concludes that future genetic manipulation could make diatom biotechnology more viable and profitable.
