2. Strategies of Teaching the
Four Skills
Language learning depends on listening.
Listening provides the aural input that
serves as the basis for language
acquisition and enables learners to interact
in spoken communication.
ELT General Supervision
4. Listening strategies are techniques or
activities that contribute directly to the
comprehension and recall of listening
input. Listening strategies can be
classified by how the listener processes
the input
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5. Goals and Techniques
for Teaching Listening
Integrating
metacognitive
Strategies
Listening
Process
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6. Many language learners regard speaking ability
as the measure of knowing a language. These
learners define fluency as the ability to
converse with others, much more than the
ability to read, write, or comprehend oral
language.
Teaching Speaking
ELT General Supervision
7. Speaking involves three areas of knowledge:
Mechanics (pronunciation, grammar, and
vocabulary): Using the right words in the right
order with the correct pronunciation.
Functions (interaction): Knowing when
clarity of message is essential (information
exchange) and when precise understanding is
not required.
Social and cultural rules and norms (turn-
taking, rate of speech, length of pauses
between speakers, relative roles of participants
ELT General Supervision
8. Goals and Techniques for
Teaching Speaking
The goal of teaching speaking skills is
communicative efficiency .
Learners should be able to make themselves
understood.
Instructors can use a balanced activities approach
that combines language input, structured output,
and communicative output.
ELT General Supervision
9. Strategies for Developing
Reading Skills
• Using Reading Strategies
Strategies that can help students read more
quickly and effectively include :
Previewing Predicting
Skimming and scanning
Guessing from context
Paraphrasing
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10. Reading as a Process
Reading is an interactive process that goes on
between the reader and the text, resulting in
comprehension.
Reader knowledge, skills, and strategies
include : Linguistic competence
Knowledge of vocabulary
Discourse competence
Sociolinguistic competence
Strategic competence
ELT General Supervision
11. Strategies Of Teaching
The Writing Skill
Writing is more complicated than it seems at
first, and often seems to be the hardest of the
skills, even for native speakers of a language,
since it involves not just a graphic representation
of speech, but the development and presentation
of thoughts in a structured way.
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12. Here are some of the micro-skills involved in
writing. The writer needs to:
use the orthography correctly
use the correct forms of words
put words together in correct word order.
use the style appropriate to the genre and
audience
make the main sentence constituents
make the main ideas distinct from
supporting ideas
make the text coherent
make sure of schematic knowledge of the subject
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13. A- Eclectic Approach :
An eclectic approach is responsive to learners’
needs as their skills develop, and asserts that
there is no one answer to the question of how
writing should be taught.
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14. Techniques for teaching the writing skill :
I - Introduction
Students need to be personally involved in
writing exercises in order to make the learning
experience of lasting value.
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15. II Choosing a Target Area
Choosing the target area depends on many
factors; what level are the students? What is
the average age of the students, Why are the
students learning English,
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16. III - Which Means?
Having decided on the target area,
the teacher can focus on the means
to achieve this type of learning.
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17. IV - Planning the Class
With both the target area and means of
production clear in the teacher's mind, the
teacher can begin to consider how to involve
the students by considering what type of
activities are interesting to the students.
ELT General Supervision
