— This paper is a contribution in the field of security analysis on mobile ad-hoc networks, and security requirements of applications. Limitations of the mobile nodes have been studied in order to design a secure routing protocol that thwarts different kinds of attacks. Our approach is based on the Right Angled and Ant Search Hybrid Routing Protocol (RAAA); the most popular hybrid routing protocol. The importance of the proposed solution lies in the fact that it ensures security as needed by providing a comprehensive architecture of secured Right Angled and Ant Search Hybrid Routing Protocol (SRAAA) based on efficient key management, secure neighbor discovery, secure routing packets, detection of malicious nodes, and preventing these nodes from destroying the network. In order to fulfill these objectives, both efficient key management and secure neighbor mechanisms have been designed to be performed prior to the functioning of the protocol. To validate the proposed solution, we use the network simulator NS-2 to test the performance of secure protocol and compare it with the conventional zone routing protocol over different number of factors that affect the network. Our results evidently show that our secure version paragons the conventional protocol in the packet delivery ratio while it has a tolerable increase in the routing overhead and average delay. Also, security analysis proves in details that the proposed protocol is robust enough to thwart all classes of ad-hoc attacks.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Secure and Reliable Data Routing in Wireless Sensor Networkdbpublications
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are materializing as one of the dominant technologies of the future because of their large range of applications in military and civilian fields. Because of their operating behavior, they are often neglected and thus vulnerable to various types of attacks. For instance, an attacker could catch sensor nodes, getting all the information saved therein-sensor nodes are generally considered to not be temper-proof. Hence, an attacker may clone cached sensor nodes and use them in the network to conduct a variety of mischievous activities. As the decisions taken by a sensor network rely on the information gathered by the sensor nodes, if an adversary inhibits the necessary or confidential data from being forwarded to the BS/ target, this will cause the whole breakdown of the network or outcomes in the wrong judgment being made, possibly causing deliberate loss. There are many types of attacks such as compromised node, denial of service attack, black hole attack, etc. Hence there is a necessity to find all such attacks in WSN, and to safely route our sensitive information to the target. This paper represents the survey of some types of attacks and there detection techniques. Also the survey includes different techniques for secure and reliable data collection in Wireless Sensor Networks.
SHARED INFORMATION BASED SECURITY SOLUTION FOR MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKSijwmn
The mobile ad hoc networks get subjected to security threats like other wireless networks. But due to their
peer to peer approach and absence of infrastructural resources the mobile ad hoc networks can not use
strong cryptographic mechanisms as used by their other wireless counterparts. This led to the
development of trust based methods as security solutions wherein a trusted node is relaxed from security
checks when the trust value reaches to a particular limit. The trust methods are prone to security risks but
have found their acceptance due to efficiency over computationally expensive and time consuming
cryptographic methods. The major problem with the trust methods is the period during which trust is
growing and is yet to reach the requisite threshold. This paper proposes security mechanism dependent
upon Random Electronic Code Book (RECB) combined with permutation functions. The proposed
mechanism has low time complexity, is easier to implement, computationally inexpensive and has very
high brute force search value. It can be used as the temporary security guard during the trust growth
phase. The impetus behind the proposed design is the reliance upon shared information between the peers
in the ad hoc networks.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new secure routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) called Authenticate and Secure Routing Protocol (AMSRP). The protocol uses a hybrid cryptography approach that combines symmetric (AES) and asymmetric (RSA) cryptography. It aims to securely transmit data between nodes in a MANET by authenticating nodes and ensuring the integrity of important routing information. The protocol is implemented and evaluated using the AODV reactive routing protocol to discover and maintain routes between nodes. Simulation results show that the hybrid cryptography approach can securely transmit data between nodes while authenticating nodes and maintaining routing integrity in the MANET.
Survey on Efficient and Secure Anonymous Communication in ManetsEditor IJCATR
Mobile ad-hoc networks require anonymous communications in order to thwart new wireless passive attacks; and to protect new
assets of information such as nodes locations, motion patterns, network topology and traffic patterns in addition to conventional identity and
message privacy. The transmitted routing messages and cached active routing entries leave plenty of opportunities for eavesdroppers.
Anonymity and location privacy guarantees for the deployed ad hoc networks are critical in military and real time communication systems,
otherwise the entire mission may be compromised. This poses challenging constraints on MANET routing and data forwarding. To address
the new challenges, several anonymous routing schemes have been proposed recently.
Public key based approach to mitigate wormhole attack repaired prjpublications
This document summarizes several secure routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It analyzes protocols such as ARAN, SAR, SRP, SEAD, ARIADNE, and SAODV. Each protocol is described in 1-2 paragraphs outlining its key authentication and security features. The document also analyzes the types of attacks each protocol is susceptible to, such as wormhole attacks, rushing attacks, denial of service attacks, and black hole attacks. The overall purpose is to evaluate different secure routing approaches and their ability to mitigate various security threats in MANETs.
Cluster Based Misbehaviour Detection and Authentication Using Threshold Crypt...CSCJournals
In mobile ad hoc networks, the misbehaving nodes can cause dysfunction in the network resulting in damage of other nodes. In order to establish secure communication with the group members of a network, use of a shared group key for confidentiality and authentication is required. Distributing the shares of secret group key to the group members securely is another challenging task in MANET. In this paper, we propose a Cluster Based Misbehavior Detection and Authentication scheme using threshold cryptography in MANET. For secure data transmission, when any node requests a certificate from a cluster head (CH), it utilizes a threshold cryptographic technique to issue the certificate to the requested node for authentication. The certificate of a node is renewed or rejected by CH, based on its trust counter value. An acknowledgement scheme is also included to detect and isolate the misbehaving nodes. By simulation results, we show that the proposed approach reduces the overhead.
SECURE ADHOC ROUTING PROTOCOL FOR PRIVACY RESERVATIONEditor IJMTER
Privacy preserving routing is crucial for some Ad hoc networks that require
stronger privacy protection. A number of schemes have been proposed to protect privacy in
Ad hoc networks. However, none of these schemes offer unobservability property since data
packets and control packets are still linkable and distinguishable in these schemes. In this
paper, we define stronger privacy requirements regarding privacy preserving routing in
mobile ad hoc networks. Then we propose an Unobservable Secure Routing scheme (USOR)
to offer complete unlinkability and content unobservability for all types of packets. USOR is
efficient as it uses a novel combination of group signature and ID-based encryption for route
discovery. Security analysis demonstrates that USOR can well protect user privacy against
both inside and outside attackers. We implement USOR on Network Security (NS2), and
evaluate its performance by comparing with Ad Hoc On demand Distance Vector Routing
(AODV) and MASK. The simulation results show that USOR not only has satisfactory
performance compared to AODV, but also achieves stronger privacy protection than existing
schemes like Mask.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Secure and Reliable Data Routing in Wireless Sensor Networkdbpublications
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are materializing as one of the dominant technologies of the future because of their large range of applications in military and civilian fields. Because of their operating behavior, they are often neglected and thus vulnerable to various types of attacks. For instance, an attacker could catch sensor nodes, getting all the information saved therein-sensor nodes are generally considered to not be temper-proof. Hence, an attacker may clone cached sensor nodes and use them in the network to conduct a variety of mischievous activities. As the decisions taken by a sensor network rely on the information gathered by the sensor nodes, if an adversary inhibits the necessary or confidential data from being forwarded to the BS/ target, this will cause the whole breakdown of the network or outcomes in the wrong judgment being made, possibly causing deliberate loss. There are many types of attacks such as compromised node, denial of service attack, black hole attack, etc. Hence there is a necessity to find all such attacks in WSN, and to safely route our sensitive information to the target. This paper represents the survey of some types of attacks and there detection techniques. Also the survey includes different techniques for secure and reliable data collection in Wireless Sensor Networks.
SHARED INFORMATION BASED SECURITY SOLUTION FOR MOBILE AD HOC NETWORKSijwmn
The mobile ad hoc networks get subjected to security threats like other wireless networks. But due to their
peer to peer approach and absence of infrastructural resources the mobile ad hoc networks can not use
strong cryptographic mechanisms as used by their other wireless counterparts. This led to the
development of trust based methods as security solutions wherein a trusted node is relaxed from security
checks when the trust value reaches to a particular limit. The trust methods are prone to security risks but
have found their acceptance due to efficiency over computationally expensive and time consuming
cryptographic methods. The major problem with the trust methods is the period during which trust is
growing and is yet to reach the requisite threshold. This paper proposes security mechanism dependent
upon Random Electronic Code Book (RECB) combined with permutation functions. The proposed
mechanism has low time complexity, is easier to implement, computationally inexpensive and has very
high brute force search value. It can be used as the temporary security guard during the trust growth
phase. The impetus behind the proposed design is the reliance upon shared information between the peers
in the ad hoc networks.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new secure routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) called Authenticate and Secure Routing Protocol (AMSRP). The protocol uses a hybrid cryptography approach that combines symmetric (AES) and asymmetric (RSA) cryptography. It aims to securely transmit data between nodes in a MANET by authenticating nodes and ensuring the integrity of important routing information. The protocol is implemented and evaluated using the AODV reactive routing protocol to discover and maintain routes between nodes. Simulation results show that the hybrid cryptography approach can securely transmit data between nodes while authenticating nodes and maintaining routing integrity in the MANET.
Survey on Efficient and Secure Anonymous Communication in ManetsEditor IJCATR
Mobile ad-hoc networks require anonymous communications in order to thwart new wireless passive attacks; and to protect new
assets of information such as nodes locations, motion patterns, network topology and traffic patterns in addition to conventional identity and
message privacy. The transmitted routing messages and cached active routing entries leave plenty of opportunities for eavesdroppers.
Anonymity and location privacy guarantees for the deployed ad hoc networks are critical in military and real time communication systems,
otherwise the entire mission may be compromised. This poses challenging constraints on MANET routing and data forwarding. To address
the new challenges, several anonymous routing schemes have been proposed recently.
Public key based approach to mitigate wormhole attack repaired prjpublications
This document summarizes several secure routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It analyzes protocols such as ARAN, SAR, SRP, SEAD, ARIADNE, and SAODV. Each protocol is described in 1-2 paragraphs outlining its key authentication and security features. The document also analyzes the types of attacks each protocol is susceptible to, such as wormhole attacks, rushing attacks, denial of service attacks, and black hole attacks. The overall purpose is to evaluate different secure routing approaches and their ability to mitigate various security threats in MANETs.
Cluster Based Misbehaviour Detection and Authentication Using Threshold Crypt...CSCJournals
In mobile ad hoc networks, the misbehaving nodes can cause dysfunction in the network resulting in damage of other nodes. In order to establish secure communication with the group members of a network, use of a shared group key for confidentiality and authentication is required. Distributing the shares of secret group key to the group members securely is another challenging task in MANET. In this paper, we propose a Cluster Based Misbehavior Detection and Authentication scheme using threshold cryptography in MANET. For secure data transmission, when any node requests a certificate from a cluster head (CH), it utilizes a threshold cryptographic technique to issue the certificate to the requested node for authentication. The certificate of a node is renewed or rejected by CH, based on its trust counter value. An acknowledgement scheme is also included to detect and isolate the misbehaving nodes. By simulation results, we show that the proposed approach reduces the overhead.
SECURE ADHOC ROUTING PROTOCOL FOR PRIVACY RESERVATIONEditor IJMTER
Privacy preserving routing is crucial for some Ad hoc networks that require
stronger privacy protection. A number of schemes have been proposed to protect privacy in
Ad hoc networks. However, none of these schemes offer unobservability property since data
packets and control packets are still linkable and distinguishable in these schemes. In this
paper, we define stronger privacy requirements regarding privacy preserving routing in
mobile ad hoc networks. Then we propose an Unobservable Secure Routing scheme (USOR)
to offer complete unlinkability and content unobservability for all types of packets. USOR is
efficient as it uses a novel combination of group signature and ID-based encryption for route
discovery. Security analysis demonstrates that USOR can well protect user privacy against
both inside and outside attackers. We implement USOR on Network Security (NS2), and
evaluate its performance by comparing with Ad Hoc On demand Distance Vector Routing
(AODV) and MASK. The simulation results show that USOR not only has satisfactory
performance compared to AODV, but also achieves stronger privacy protection than existing
schemes like Mask.
Efficient security approaches in mobile ad hoc networks a surveyeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
A SYMMETRIC TOKEN ROUTING FOR SECURED COMMUNICATION OF MANET cscpconf
The communication should be much secured in Mobile Adhoc Networks in the
protective environment such as Military atmosphere and in a disaster relief. Due to the attackers,
Mobile Adhoc Networks resulting in denial of Service attacks modify packets, Error packets,
Missing Packets, Theft of Nodes, etc. To overcome this problem, We propose a new Symmetric
Token Routing Protocol (STRP) for mobile ad hoc networks provides much security against
MANET. The proposed protocol distributed a secured shared symmetric token for each node to
provide security against hackers and attackers. Simulation results shows the better delivery against
the existing protocol in MANET.
This document provides an overview of mobile ad hoc networks (MANets) and security attacks against them. It discusses the following key points:
1. MANets are self-configuring, dynamic wireless networks without centralized administration or fixed infrastructure that allow nodes to connect to each other.
2. Security in MANets is challenging due to the lack of infrastructure and centralized monitoring. Common attacks target the physical, data link, network, transport, and multi-layers of the network.
3. Attacks discussed include flooding, blackhole, link spoofing, wormhole, denial of service, and traffic monitoring aimed at different layers of the network. Countermeasures are needed to strengthen MANet security.
Implementation of New Routing Protocol for Node Security in a Mobile Ad Hoc N...CSCJournals
A routing protocol plays important role to handle entire network for communication and determines the paths of packets. A node is a part of the defined network for transferring information in form of packets. If all packets transferred from source to destination successfully, it has been assumed that the routing protocol is good. But, an attacker turns this dealing as a speed breaker and turning point of a highway. So, prevention from attacks and secure packets, a new routing protocol is being introduced in this paper. The proposed routing protocol is called by SNAODV (Secure Node AODV). This paper is also tried to maximize throughput as compared with AODV and SAODV.
A dynamic approach for improving performance of intrusion detection system ov...IAEME Publication
This document proposes a dynamic approach to improve the performance of intrusion detection systems in mobile ad hoc networks. It discusses using an inverted table approach to maintain communication information and identify attacker nodes. A data mining approach is then used to detect black hole attacks and identify safe paths for communication that avoid attacker nodes, improving network throughput and reducing data loss. The work aims to implement these approaches in NS2 and analyze the results based on throughput and loss.
Black hole Attack Avoidance Protocol for wireless Ad-Hoc networksijsrd.com
A Mobile Ad-Hoc Network is a collection of mobile nodes or a temporary network set up by wireless mobile nodes moving arbitrary in the places that have no network infrastructure in such a manner that the interconnections between nodes are capable of changing on continual basis. Thus the nodes find a path to the destination node using routing protocols. However, due to security vulnerabilities of the routing protocols, wireless ad-hoc networks are unprotected to attacks of the malicious nodes. Various attacks and one of those attacks is the Black Hole Attack against network integrity absorbing all data packets in the network. Since the data packets do not reach the destination node on account of this attack, data loss will occur. Therefore, it is a severe attack that can be easily employed against routing in mobile ad hoc networks. There are lots of detection and defense mechanisms to eliminate the intruder that carry out the black hole attack. . Virtual Infrastructure achieves reliable transmission in Mobile Ad Hoc Network. Black Hole Attack is the major problem to affect the Virtual Infrastructure. In this paper, approach on analyzing and improving the security of AODV, which is one of the popular routing protocols for MANET. Our aim is to ensuring the avoidance against Black hole attack.
Security Key Management Model for Low Rate Wireless Personal Area NetworksCSCJournals
IEEE 802.15.4-based devices networks known by the name of LR-WPAN (Low Rate Wireless Personal Area Network) are characterized by low computation, memory and storage space, and they do not possess an infrastructure. This makes them dynamic and easy to deploy, but in the other hand, this makes them very vulnerable to security issues, as they are low energy so they cant implement current security solutions, and they are deployed in non-secure environments that makes them susceptible to eavesdropping attacks. Most proposed solutions draw out the security of the bootstrapping and commissioning phases as the percentage of existing of an intruder in this time is very low. In this paper, we propose a security model for LR-WPANs based on symmetric cryptography, which takes into account securing the bootstrapping phase, with an analysis of the effectiveness of this proposal and the measures of its implementation.
The document discusses security issues in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It begins by introducing MANETs and noting their vulnerability to attacks due to lack of centralized authority. It then covers security goals, types of attacks (passive vs. active; internal vs. external), examples of passive attacks like eavesdropping and active attacks like jamming and wormholes. The document also discusses security schemes like intrusion detection and secure routing techniques. It concludes by identifying research issues around improving MANET security.
A Novel Approach to Detect & Prevent Wormhole Attack over MANET & Sensor n/w ...IOSR Journals
Abstract: In Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) mobile node is responsible for route establishment using
wireless link where each node may behave like both as a host and router. MANET encounters number of
security threats because of its open entrusted environment, with little security arrangement, security over
MANET can be enhance up to some satisfactory level because of its inherent characteristics. Among some of
the prominent security threats wormhole attack is considered to be a very serious security threat over MANET.
In wormhole two selfish node which is geographically very far away to each other makes tunnel between each
other to hide their actual location and give the illusion that they are true neighbours and attract other nodes to
make conversation through the wormhole tunnel. Many researchers focused on detecting wormhole attack and
its prevention mechanism. It seems that in the previous technique there is a need to improve their results in the
brink of false negative rate, routing overhead etc. The present paper has proposed the hybrid model in order to
detect and prevent the wormhole attack. This approach has been work with neighbour node and hop count
method.
Keywords: Mobile Ad hoc Network, Selfish node, Malicious node, AODV
This document discusses security challenges in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) and reviews several secure routing protocols proposed to address these challenges. It begins by introducing MANETs and explaining that routing in MANETs is difficult due to the dynamic topology. It then discusses common security goals for routing protocols like confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Several attacks on MANET routing protocols are described, including passive attacks like eavesdropping and active attacks like wormhole and blackhole attacks. The document proceeds to review six secure routing protocols for MANETs - DSDV, SAR, SAODV, SRP, Secure AODV using RSA signatures, and TORA - and describes their approaches to providing routing security. It concludes
Security in MANET based on PKI using fuzzy functionIOSR Journals
This document discusses security issues in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) and proposes a security model based on public key infrastructure (PKI) using fuzzy logic. Specifically, it first provides background on MANETs and discusses their key characteristics and security challenges due to their dynamic topology and lack of infrastructure. It then introduces the concept of using PKI and asymmetric encryption with public/private key pairs to distribute session keys between nodes. The proposed algorithm uses fuzzy logic to determine the appropriate length of session keys based on discrimination of different attack types on the network. Experimental results show that the fuzzy-based security approach can enhance MANET security.
2.espk external agent authentication and session key establishment using publ...EditorJST
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have recently attracted a lot of interest in the research community due their wide range of applications. Due to distributed and deployed in a un attend environment, these are vulnerable to numerous security threats. In this paper, describe the design and implementation of public-key-(PK)-based protocols that allow authentication and session key establishment between a sensor network and a third party. WSN have limitations on computational capacity, battery etc which provides scope for challenging problems. We fundamentally focused on the security issue of WSNs The proposed protocol is efficient and secure in compared to other public key based protocols in WSNs.
Enhancing msf for mobile ad hoc network security though active handshaking &a...ijctet
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new security framework called Multipath Security Framework (MSF) to enhance security in mobile ad hoc networks. MSF divides messages into encrypted shares that are transmitted across multiple network paths to increase confidentiality and robustness. Even if an attacker obtains some shares, it is difficult for them to reconstruct the original message. The framework includes multipath routing, node authentication through handshaking, and encryption of message shares. The goal is to improve security against eavesdropping, active and passive attacks, and jamming in mobile ad hoc networks.
Enhancing the Security in WSN using Three Tier Security ArchitectureAM Publications,India
Security is the main issue while setting up the WSN network for node communication. This report describes the efficient mechanism for achieving the security between node communications by creating three tier security architecture. This system implements three tier architecture with the use of two polynomial pools having sensor nodes, mobile sinks and some access points that are also sensor nodes, to get better security. Two pools are common mobile polynomial pool and common static polynomial pool. Mobile sinks and access point carries keys from common mobile polynomial pool were as, access points and sensor nodes carries keys from common static polynomial pool. Communication gets established from mobile sink to access point then from access point to sensor node that shows three tier architecture Authentication is the main aspect of the system, that is achieved by pairwise key predistribution methods and authentication of the nodes with the use of polynomial keys. Here, Mobile sink replication attack is implemented against the network. The malicious node, it is blocked. If it wants to communicate within the network then it needs to capture large no of keys from both the pools for authentication. But as the sufficient keys are not available with it, it cannot communicate with the other nodes in the network
NetSim Webinar on Network Attacks and DetectionDESHPANDE M
Webinar Contents:
Why use a Network Simulator
Introduction to NetSim
Introduction to Sinkhole Attack : Attack scenario in MANET using NetSim
Intrusion Detection System: Detection mechanism in MANET using NetSim
Analyzing Metrics
Areas of R & D in MANET
Q & A
A two tier approach for preventing black hole attack and improving efficiencyeSAT Journals
Abstract One of the most emerging and trending in the field of networking is secure routing to overcome many hindrances that are occurring in day to day lives. Thus providing efficient mechanisms for such networks is the most challenging one. MANET’s (Mobile Adhoc Networks) are a combination of several independent nodes without any fixed infrastructure, dynamic topology, battery constraints, and lack of centralized mechanism, because of its architecture/outlier they are more vulnerable to various kinds of passive and active attacks, such as black hole attack, grey hole attack, wormhole attack. Providing/Implementing a multi tier/two tier security mechanism helps in elevating such kinds of active attacks to some extent. Keywords: Black Hole attack, MANET, Clustering, Encryption.
Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks are most usefully in current environments. It’s required high performance, networks load and Throughput. In Mobile Ad-hoc Networks Routing is the hot topic for research. Basically two types routing protocols are work in the mobile Ad-hoc Networks: 1) Proactive and 2) Reactive. Researchers have projected different routing algorithm. Important work has been done on routing in ad hoc networks, some of the important works so far were the destination-sequence distance vector (DSDV) protocol, the temporally ordered routing protocol (TORA), dynamic source routing protocol (DSR) and ad hoc on demand routing protocol (AODV). These algorithms use Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) for find optimum route source to destination.ThesisScientist.com
A Review of Network Layer Attacks and Countermeasures in WSNiosrjce
This document reviews network layer attacks and countermeasures in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). It discusses six major network layer attacks: wormhole attacks, flooding attacks, selective forwarding attacks, sinkhole attacks, Sybil attacks, and replay attacks. For each attack, it examines existing countermeasure approaches proposed in previous research. It also identifies some open research challenges in providing comprehensive security solutions for WSNs given their resource constraints and deployment environments.
A Pilot Study on Current and Future Trends in E-learning, Distance Learning a...AM Publications,India
Due to tremendous explorations in internet the entire teaching learning methodologies have been changed. In the old days the education system mainly followed the “gurukul” system. Slowly the people shifted from those classical methods and adopted postal coaching in early 70-s. After innovations of internet a further changes have been made in teaching learning process. Now a new concept has come up. Education for all and anywhere and anytime. In the present study the author will make systematic study on new innovative teaching learning methodologies and also its importance in coming days. In the present paper the authors have tried to explore a comparative study among e-learning, distance learning, on-line learning methodologies. The authors have also made a study on how ARM technology can improve the teaching learning methods by reducing the H/W cost
In these days cloud security is the main issue. As many users hesitate to adopt cloud computing due to security concerns. So in this paper we have discussed various security features of different cloud service models. The security of different clouds depends mainly upon the framework and programming practices that the developer uses in her application.
International students exhibited higher levels of intercultural sensitivity than domestic students based on a study of 209 freshmen at an international college in Thailand. There was also a statistically significant difference found based on having international friendships. Specifically, the study found that international students scored higher on a measure of intercultural sensitivity compared to domestic students. Additionally, having international friendships was found to correlate with higher intercultural sensitivity. However, there were no significant differences found based on gender, field of study, foreign language ability, international travel experience, or having studied abroad. In general, the freshmen scored high on intercultural sensitivity based on the measurement scale used.
There is no enough sound and solid scientific researches expounding the benefits of using automated scripts over manual testing (Samuel R. , 2014). The ones available out there are virtuously promotional trailers made for marketing drive (Udin, 2014). This dissertation is made to fill up this gap. To this end, a comparative analysis of the test results achieved from both automated and manual testing have been piloted. Complementary research inputs such as data collected thru questionnaire, interview and group discussion have also been analyzed and synthesized to back up the outcome. Unified Functional Tester (UFT) is used to build test artifacts and execute automated scripts. The conclusion exhibits that using computerized scripts might offer considerable returns in terms of acquiring enhanced efficiency and enriched accuracy over manually testing, provided that the test is labor intensive, time taking and reoccurring.
Efficient security approaches in mobile ad hoc networks a surveyeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
A SYMMETRIC TOKEN ROUTING FOR SECURED COMMUNICATION OF MANET cscpconf
The communication should be much secured in Mobile Adhoc Networks in the
protective environment such as Military atmosphere and in a disaster relief. Due to the attackers,
Mobile Adhoc Networks resulting in denial of Service attacks modify packets, Error packets,
Missing Packets, Theft of Nodes, etc. To overcome this problem, We propose a new Symmetric
Token Routing Protocol (STRP) for mobile ad hoc networks provides much security against
MANET. The proposed protocol distributed a secured shared symmetric token for each node to
provide security against hackers and attackers. Simulation results shows the better delivery against
the existing protocol in MANET.
This document provides an overview of mobile ad hoc networks (MANets) and security attacks against them. It discusses the following key points:
1. MANets are self-configuring, dynamic wireless networks without centralized administration or fixed infrastructure that allow nodes to connect to each other.
2. Security in MANets is challenging due to the lack of infrastructure and centralized monitoring. Common attacks target the physical, data link, network, transport, and multi-layers of the network.
3. Attacks discussed include flooding, blackhole, link spoofing, wormhole, denial of service, and traffic monitoring aimed at different layers of the network. Countermeasures are needed to strengthen MANet security.
Implementation of New Routing Protocol for Node Security in a Mobile Ad Hoc N...CSCJournals
A routing protocol plays important role to handle entire network for communication and determines the paths of packets. A node is a part of the defined network for transferring information in form of packets. If all packets transferred from source to destination successfully, it has been assumed that the routing protocol is good. But, an attacker turns this dealing as a speed breaker and turning point of a highway. So, prevention from attacks and secure packets, a new routing protocol is being introduced in this paper. The proposed routing protocol is called by SNAODV (Secure Node AODV). This paper is also tried to maximize throughput as compared with AODV and SAODV.
A dynamic approach for improving performance of intrusion detection system ov...IAEME Publication
This document proposes a dynamic approach to improve the performance of intrusion detection systems in mobile ad hoc networks. It discusses using an inverted table approach to maintain communication information and identify attacker nodes. A data mining approach is then used to detect black hole attacks and identify safe paths for communication that avoid attacker nodes, improving network throughput and reducing data loss. The work aims to implement these approaches in NS2 and analyze the results based on throughput and loss.
Black hole Attack Avoidance Protocol for wireless Ad-Hoc networksijsrd.com
A Mobile Ad-Hoc Network is a collection of mobile nodes or a temporary network set up by wireless mobile nodes moving arbitrary in the places that have no network infrastructure in such a manner that the interconnections between nodes are capable of changing on continual basis. Thus the nodes find a path to the destination node using routing protocols. However, due to security vulnerabilities of the routing protocols, wireless ad-hoc networks are unprotected to attacks of the malicious nodes. Various attacks and one of those attacks is the Black Hole Attack against network integrity absorbing all data packets in the network. Since the data packets do not reach the destination node on account of this attack, data loss will occur. Therefore, it is a severe attack that can be easily employed against routing in mobile ad hoc networks. There are lots of detection and defense mechanisms to eliminate the intruder that carry out the black hole attack. . Virtual Infrastructure achieves reliable transmission in Mobile Ad Hoc Network. Black Hole Attack is the major problem to affect the Virtual Infrastructure. In this paper, approach on analyzing and improving the security of AODV, which is one of the popular routing protocols for MANET. Our aim is to ensuring the avoidance against Black hole attack.
Security Key Management Model for Low Rate Wireless Personal Area NetworksCSCJournals
IEEE 802.15.4-based devices networks known by the name of LR-WPAN (Low Rate Wireless Personal Area Network) are characterized by low computation, memory and storage space, and they do not possess an infrastructure. This makes them dynamic and easy to deploy, but in the other hand, this makes them very vulnerable to security issues, as they are low energy so they cant implement current security solutions, and they are deployed in non-secure environments that makes them susceptible to eavesdropping attacks. Most proposed solutions draw out the security of the bootstrapping and commissioning phases as the percentage of existing of an intruder in this time is very low. In this paper, we propose a security model for LR-WPANs based on symmetric cryptography, which takes into account securing the bootstrapping phase, with an analysis of the effectiveness of this proposal and the measures of its implementation.
The document discusses security issues in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It begins by introducing MANETs and noting their vulnerability to attacks due to lack of centralized authority. It then covers security goals, types of attacks (passive vs. active; internal vs. external), examples of passive attacks like eavesdropping and active attacks like jamming and wormholes. The document also discusses security schemes like intrusion detection and secure routing techniques. It concludes by identifying research issues around improving MANET security.
A Novel Approach to Detect & Prevent Wormhole Attack over MANET & Sensor n/w ...IOSR Journals
Abstract: In Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) mobile node is responsible for route establishment using
wireless link where each node may behave like both as a host and router. MANET encounters number of
security threats because of its open entrusted environment, with little security arrangement, security over
MANET can be enhance up to some satisfactory level because of its inherent characteristics. Among some of
the prominent security threats wormhole attack is considered to be a very serious security threat over MANET.
In wormhole two selfish node which is geographically very far away to each other makes tunnel between each
other to hide their actual location and give the illusion that they are true neighbours and attract other nodes to
make conversation through the wormhole tunnel. Many researchers focused on detecting wormhole attack and
its prevention mechanism. It seems that in the previous technique there is a need to improve their results in the
brink of false negative rate, routing overhead etc. The present paper has proposed the hybrid model in order to
detect and prevent the wormhole attack. This approach has been work with neighbour node and hop count
method.
Keywords: Mobile Ad hoc Network, Selfish node, Malicious node, AODV
This document discusses security challenges in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) and reviews several secure routing protocols proposed to address these challenges. It begins by introducing MANETs and explaining that routing in MANETs is difficult due to the dynamic topology. It then discusses common security goals for routing protocols like confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Several attacks on MANET routing protocols are described, including passive attacks like eavesdropping and active attacks like wormhole and blackhole attacks. The document proceeds to review six secure routing protocols for MANETs - DSDV, SAR, SAODV, SRP, Secure AODV using RSA signatures, and TORA - and describes their approaches to providing routing security. It concludes
Security in MANET based on PKI using fuzzy functionIOSR Journals
This document discusses security issues in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) and proposes a security model based on public key infrastructure (PKI) using fuzzy logic. Specifically, it first provides background on MANETs and discusses their key characteristics and security challenges due to their dynamic topology and lack of infrastructure. It then introduces the concept of using PKI and asymmetric encryption with public/private key pairs to distribute session keys between nodes. The proposed algorithm uses fuzzy logic to determine the appropriate length of session keys based on discrimination of different attack types on the network. Experimental results show that the fuzzy-based security approach can enhance MANET security.
2.espk external agent authentication and session key establishment using publ...EditorJST
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have recently attracted a lot of interest in the research community due their wide range of applications. Due to distributed and deployed in a un attend environment, these are vulnerable to numerous security threats. In this paper, describe the design and implementation of public-key-(PK)-based protocols that allow authentication and session key establishment between a sensor network and a third party. WSN have limitations on computational capacity, battery etc which provides scope for challenging problems. We fundamentally focused on the security issue of WSNs The proposed protocol is efficient and secure in compared to other public key based protocols in WSNs.
Enhancing msf for mobile ad hoc network security though active handshaking &a...ijctet
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a new security framework called Multipath Security Framework (MSF) to enhance security in mobile ad hoc networks. MSF divides messages into encrypted shares that are transmitted across multiple network paths to increase confidentiality and robustness. Even if an attacker obtains some shares, it is difficult for them to reconstruct the original message. The framework includes multipath routing, node authentication through handshaking, and encryption of message shares. The goal is to improve security against eavesdropping, active and passive attacks, and jamming in mobile ad hoc networks.
Enhancing the Security in WSN using Three Tier Security ArchitectureAM Publications,India
Security is the main issue while setting up the WSN network for node communication. This report describes the efficient mechanism for achieving the security between node communications by creating three tier security architecture. This system implements three tier architecture with the use of two polynomial pools having sensor nodes, mobile sinks and some access points that are also sensor nodes, to get better security. Two pools are common mobile polynomial pool and common static polynomial pool. Mobile sinks and access point carries keys from common mobile polynomial pool were as, access points and sensor nodes carries keys from common static polynomial pool. Communication gets established from mobile sink to access point then from access point to sensor node that shows three tier architecture Authentication is the main aspect of the system, that is achieved by pairwise key predistribution methods and authentication of the nodes with the use of polynomial keys. Here, Mobile sink replication attack is implemented against the network. The malicious node, it is blocked. If it wants to communicate within the network then it needs to capture large no of keys from both the pools for authentication. But as the sufficient keys are not available with it, it cannot communicate with the other nodes in the network
NetSim Webinar on Network Attacks and DetectionDESHPANDE M
Webinar Contents:
Why use a Network Simulator
Introduction to NetSim
Introduction to Sinkhole Attack : Attack scenario in MANET using NetSim
Intrusion Detection System: Detection mechanism in MANET using NetSim
Analyzing Metrics
Areas of R & D in MANET
Q & A
A two tier approach for preventing black hole attack and improving efficiencyeSAT Journals
Abstract One of the most emerging and trending in the field of networking is secure routing to overcome many hindrances that are occurring in day to day lives. Thus providing efficient mechanisms for such networks is the most challenging one. MANET’s (Mobile Adhoc Networks) are a combination of several independent nodes without any fixed infrastructure, dynamic topology, battery constraints, and lack of centralized mechanism, because of its architecture/outlier they are more vulnerable to various kinds of passive and active attacks, such as black hole attack, grey hole attack, wormhole attack. Providing/Implementing a multi tier/two tier security mechanism helps in elevating such kinds of active attacks to some extent. Keywords: Black Hole attack, MANET, Clustering, Encryption.
Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks are most usefully in current environments. It’s required high performance, networks load and Throughput. In Mobile Ad-hoc Networks Routing is the hot topic for research. Basically two types routing protocols are work in the mobile Ad-hoc Networks: 1) Proactive and 2) Reactive. Researchers have projected different routing algorithm. Important work has been done on routing in ad hoc networks, some of the important works so far were the destination-sequence distance vector (DSDV) protocol, the temporally ordered routing protocol (TORA), dynamic source routing protocol (DSR) and ad hoc on demand routing protocol (AODV). These algorithms use Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) for find optimum route source to destination.ThesisScientist.com
A Review of Network Layer Attacks and Countermeasures in WSNiosrjce
This document reviews network layer attacks and countermeasures in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). It discusses six major network layer attacks: wormhole attacks, flooding attacks, selective forwarding attacks, sinkhole attacks, Sybil attacks, and replay attacks. For each attack, it examines existing countermeasure approaches proposed in previous research. It also identifies some open research challenges in providing comprehensive security solutions for WSNs given their resource constraints and deployment environments.
A Pilot Study on Current and Future Trends in E-learning, Distance Learning a...AM Publications,India
Due to tremendous explorations in internet the entire teaching learning methodologies have been changed. In the old days the education system mainly followed the “gurukul” system. Slowly the people shifted from those classical methods and adopted postal coaching in early 70-s. After innovations of internet a further changes have been made in teaching learning process. Now a new concept has come up. Education for all and anywhere and anytime. In the present study the author will make systematic study on new innovative teaching learning methodologies and also its importance in coming days. In the present paper the authors have tried to explore a comparative study among e-learning, distance learning, on-line learning methodologies. The authors have also made a study on how ARM technology can improve the teaching learning methods by reducing the H/W cost
In these days cloud security is the main issue. As many users hesitate to adopt cloud computing due to security concerns. So in this paper we have discussed various security features of different cloud service models. The security of different clouds depends mainly upon the framework and programming practices that the developer uses in her application.
International students exhibited higher levels of intercultural sensitivity than domestic students based on a study of 209 freshmen at an international college in Thailand. There was also a statistically significant difference found based on having international friendships. Specifically, the study found that international students scored higher on a measure of intercultural sensitivity compared to domestic students. Additionally, having international friendships was found to correlate with higher intercultural sensitivity. However, there were no significant differences found based on gender, field of study, foreign language ability, international travel experience, or having studied abroad. In general, the freshmen scored high on intercultural sensitivity based on the measurement scale used.
There is no enough sound and solid scientific researches expounding the benefits of using automated scripts over manual testing (Samuel R. , 2014). The ones available out there are virtuously promotional trailers made for marketing drive (Udin, 2014). This dissertation is made to fill up this gap. To this end, a comparative analysis of the test results achieved from both automated and manual testing have been piloted. Complementary research inputs such as data collected thru questionnaire, interview and group discussion have also been analyzed and synthesized to back up the outcome. Unified Functional Tester (UFT) is used to build test artifacts and execute automated scripts. The conclusion exhibits that using computerized scripts might offer considerable returns in terms of acquiring enhanced efficiency and enriched accuracy over manually testing, provided that the test is labor intensive, time taking and reoccurring.
Today, the e-commerce companies develop rapidly and compete intensely, and the selection of e-commerce companies’ logistics operation mode plays an important role in maintaining core competitiveness. The article describes the VANCL departure, introducing changes in the logistics business model VANCL company in the development process, and then summarize VANCL mode selection
Literature Review: Convey the Data in Massive Parallel ComputingAM Publications,India
In this paper we have studied several works on direct network architectures which are well-built contestant for useful in many successful cost-effective, experimental massive parallel computers and well scale up shared memory of multiprocessors. The uniqueness of direct networks, as reflected by the communication latency and routing latency metrics are significant to the performance of such systems. A multiprocessor system can be used for the wormhole routing for the most capable switching method and has been adopted in several new massive parallel computers. This technique is unique technical challenges in routing and flow control in particular system, and avoid deadlock. The highly scale up network is a combination of topology and hypercube. Due to the being of concurrent multiple mesh and hypercubes, this network provides a great architectural support for parallel processing. The growth of the network is more efficient in terms of communication, interconnection network is scaled up the network and will be more reliable and also the unreliability of the interconnection network to get minimized. This is very desirable characteristic for the interconnection network as the network remains equipped for more failure of adjoining nodes or links in parallel computer architecture. Formulations to optimize the performance of throughput of networks through queuing theory M\M\1 concept.
This paper aims to provide main advance in the delivering techniques which are adapting to learner using multiagent system. Including models and the corresponding methods.It focuses on both datamining and e-learning. Multiagent system is a computer programming based system which is composed by multiple interacting computer programs.MAS can be used to solve the program that are complex or seems impossible for an indivisual program to solve.Multiagent system composed of various entities that have different information or diverging interest.In multiagent system agents are computer program that act on behalf of the users to solve a computer program.
Green Computing and Sustainable Environment – Introduction of E-documents and...AM Publications,India
This document discusses the environmental impacts of the paper manufacturing process. It begins by describing how paper is made, including the raw materials used and manufacturing steps. It then discusses several environmental impacts:
1) Deforestation from harvesting trees for pulp and concerns over monoculture plantations.
2) Air pollution from mill emissions like hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, chloroform and other volatile organics.
3) Water pollution from effluents containing biological oxygen demand, suspended solids, acidic compounds, organochlorines like chlorophenols, and dioxins and furans which are toxic, persistent and can bioaccumulate in wildlife and humans. The document analyzes the environmental effects of different pollut
Mathematical foundations of Multithreaded programming concepts in Java lang...AM Publications,India
The mathematical description of object oriented language has already been developed by Srivastav et al. The authors have already published papers where they have shown that it is possible to describe programming language such as C, Java using simple mathematical sets and relations. The authors have established that it is possible to describe object oriented language like Java and its various aspects such as object, class, inheritance using simple mathematical models. In the present study the authors have proposed the mathematical modeling of Multi threaded programming in java language. The authors have tried to explore the single threaded program and as well as multi threaded program using simple mathematical modeling. The same idea may be applied to C# language also
The Analysis of the Reasons and Measurements for Job-hopping of Enterprises i...AM Publications,India
With the development of economy, job hopping tends to be more and more widespread and younger, become an urgent problem to be solved. This paper mainly analyzes job hopping reasons such as Employee factors,enterprise factors and Social factors.And put forward the measures such as Accurate self positioning, Make the reasonable salary system ,Improve the staff-post matching degree,Exit interview,Strengthen the macro control of the government,Establish the restriction mechanism. Hope to help enterprises to meet the demands of staff, retain talent, to provide human resources guarantee for enterprise development
Material Flow Management for Treating Waste from Medical ActivityAM Publications,India
This document proposes and summarizes a method for treating medical waste. The method involves chemically disinfecting infectious medical waste to convert it to non-hazardous household waste. It also includes an optoelectronic sorting module to remove recyclable plastic waste, which would then be used in asphalt production. A project planner was developed using Microsoft Project 2013 to schedule and plan the implementation of this proposed medical waste treatment method. The method aims to safely and effectively treat medical waste while also recycling plastic waste that is generated.
Research on the Development of Cultural Industry in Shandong ProvinceAM Publications,India
This document discusses research on the development of the cultural industry in Shandong Province, China. It begins by defining cultural industry and outlining the scope. It then analyzes the current situation of cultural industry development in Shandong, including cultural resources, demand for cultural products, and government support. Some issues are identified, such as a lack of high-level talent, low levels of industry development and regional imbalances. The document concludes by proposing recommendations to strengthen resource integration, train cultural talent, broaden industry chains through cultural industry parks, and promote integration of technology and culture to improve competitiveness.
We are in the age of big data which involves collection of large datasets.Managing and processing large data sets is difficult with existing traditional database systems.Hadoop and Map Reduce has become one of the most powerful and popular tools for big data processing . Hadoop Map Reduce a powerful programming model is used for analyzing large set of data with parallelization, fault tolerance and load balancing and other features are it is elastic,scalable,efficient.MapReduce with cloud is combined to form a framework for storage, processing and analysis of massive machine maintenance data in a cloud computing environment.
Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) are wireless networks consisted of mobile free nodes that can move anywhere at any time without the need to any fixed infrastructure or any centralized administration. In this category of networks existing nodes must rely on each other to play the role of routers or switches instead of using central ones. The self-organized nature of such environments made MANETs vulnerable against many security threats. As a result, providing security requirements in MANETs is one of the most interesting challenges in such a network. In this group of networks, the use of cryptographic solutions is one of the most interesting security issues. The importance of this scientific area in MANETs is more drastic by considering that mentioned schemes must be lightweight enough to be appropriate for resource constrained platforms in such environment. This paper has tried to represent the position of cryptographic issues in MANETs. Moreover, security issues in mobile Ad hoc networks beside of different classes of public key cryptosystems have been introduced.
World Wide Web plays an important role in providing various knowledge sources to the world, which helps many applications to provide quality service to the consumers. As the years go on the web is overloaded with lot of information and it becomes very hard to extract the relevant information from the web. This gives way to the evolution of the Big Data and the volume of the data keeps increasing rapidly day by day. Data mining techniques are used to find the hidden information from the big data. In this paper we focus on the review of Big Data, its data classification methods and the way it can be mined using various mining methods.
CT-SVD and Arnold Transform for Secure Color Image WatermarkingAM Publications,India
Watermarking is used for protecting copyright of digital images. In this paper, we propose a novel technique for watermarking using Contourlet Transform (CT) and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD). CT ensures imperceptibility of the watermark and SVD ensures its robustness against attacks. Arnold transform is used for scrambling watermark pixels to ensure watermark security. Watermark extraction is semi-blind, which avoids the need for original image for extraction. Both watermark and cover image are color images. Performance of the system is judged by using PSNR and Correlation Coefficient (CC) values. System shows good robustness against noise, JPEG compression, filtering and cropping
Object Tracking System Using Motion Detection and Sound DetectionAM Publications,India
Visual monitoring activities using cameras automatically without human intervention is a big and challenging problem so we need automatic object tracker system. This paper presents a new object tracking system in Real time that systematically combines both motion detection and sound detection. In this system detect motion as well as sound in a real time and if lack of security it is also give alert message through alarm. The proposed method is excellent in real-time performance because it detect the moving objects efficiently and accurately form the video recorded by a shaking camera with changing background and noises.
Research on Retail E-Commerce Logistics operation mode of chinaAM Publications,India
This paper discusses the retail business enterprise logistics operation four common, self-logistics operation mode, the mode of operation of third-party resources, logistics alliance mode of operation and large logistics mode, and the first four models from the amount of capital investment, capital flows Comparative analysis of research, logistics, cost control and other aspects
AN EFFICIENT ROUTING PROTOCOL FOR MOBILE AD HOC NETWORK FOR SECURED COMMUNICA...pijans
Security and reliable communication is challenging task in mobile Ad Hoc network. Through mobility of
network device compromised with attack and loss of data. For the prevention of attack and reliable
communication, various authors proposed a method of secured routing protocol such as SAODV and SBRP
(secured backup routing protocol). The process of these methods work along with route discovery and
route maintains, discovery and route maintained needed more power consumption for that process. The
power of devices is decrease during such process and network lifetimes expire. In this paper, we modified
the secured stateless protocol for secured routing and minimized the utilization of power during path
discovering and establishment. For the authentication of group node used group signature technique and
sleep mode threshold concept for power minimization. Our proposed technique is simulated in ns-2 and
compare to other routing protocol gives a better performance in comparison to energy consumption and
throughput of network.
An Efficient Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Network for Secured Communica...pijans
Security and reliable communication is challenging task in mobile Ad Hoc network. Through mobility of network device compromised with attack and loss of data. For the prevention of attack and reliable communication, various authors proposed a method of secured routing protocol such as SAODV and SBRP (secured backup routing protocol). The process of these methods work along with route discovery and route maintains, discovery and route maintained needed more power consumption for that process. The power of devices is decrease during such process and network lifetimes expire. In this paper, we modified the secured stateless protocol for secured routing and minimized the utilization of power during path discovering and establishment. For the authentication of group node used group signature technique and sleep mode threshold concept for power minimization. Our proposed technique is simulated in ns-2 and compare to other routing protocol gives a better performance in comparison to energy consumption and throughput of network.
This document discusses security issues with the Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks. It first provides background on AODV and security challenges in mobile ad hoc networks. It then analyzes specific attacks on AODV like traffic redirection, replay attacks, and loop formation. The document presents simulation results for a 5 node network that show that insecure AODV has good throughput but higher packet dropping and delay. It concludes that providing security for AODV is needed to address these issues.
This document summarizes a research paper on improving security in position-based routing protocols for vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). It begins with background on VANETs and discusses challenges like attacks and security issues. It then proposes a new enhanced position-based routing protocol that can detect and defend against malicious nodes dropping packets, like in a black hole attack. This is achieved using digital signatures for authentication and estimating nodes' reliability based on their packet forwarding rates. The protocol is evaluated through network simulation and shows effectiveness in improving security.
This document discusses security protocols for position-based routing in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). It first provides background on VANETs and the need for secure routing protocols. It then reviews several existing security protocols for VANET routing, including those using digital signatures, anonymous keys, and group signatures. The document proposes an enhanced secure position-based protocol (SPBR) to address attacks like black hole attacks. It also discusses two specific security methods - hybrid signatures and an efficient scheme using HMAC and digital signatures. The document evaluates the performance of these methods through network simulation.
Region Based Time Varying Addressing Scheme For Improved Mitigating Various N...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Secure dynamic source routing protocol for defending black hole attacks in mo...nooriasukmaningtyas
Wireless Ad Hoc Network is a dynamically organized network on emergency
situations, in which a group of wireless devices send data among themselves
without requiring any base stations for forwarding data. Here the nodes itself
perform the functions of routing. This important characteristic of mobile ad
hoc networks allows the hassle free set up of the network for
communications in different crisis such as battlefield and natural disaster
zones. Multi hop communication in MANET is achieved by the cooperation
of nodes in forwarding data packets. This feature of MANET is largely
exploited to launch a security attack called black hole attack. A light weight
solution called SEC-DSR is proposed to defend the network from black hole
attack and enables communication among nodes even in the presence of
attackers. In this scheme, by analyzing only the control packets used for
routing in the network, the compromised nodes launching the attack are
identified. From the collective judgment by the participating nodes in the
routing path, a secure route free of black hole nodes is selected for
communication by the host. Simulation results validate and ensure the
effectiveness of the proposed solution tested on an ad hoc network with
compromised black hole nodes.
Secure Data Communications in Mobile Ad-Hoc NetworksIRJET Journal
The document discusses secure data communication protocols for mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs). It proposes two protocols: Secure Message Transfer (SMT) and Secure Single-Path Protocol (SSP). SMT transmits data over multiple paths simultaneously using redundancy to ensure delivery even if some paths fail. SSP has lower overhead by using a single path but provides reliability comparable to SMT. The protocols provide end-to-end security without trusting intermediate nodes and can maintain reliable low-latency communication even when many nodes disrupt data transfers maliciously or unintentionally. Evaluation shows SMT delivers over 93% of messages without retransmission, even with 50% of nodes failing, and over 98% with limited retransmissions if
Detecting Various Black Hole Attacks by Using Preventor Node in Wireless Sens...IRJET Journal
This document discusses detecting black hole attacks in wireless sensor networks. It begins with an abstract that introduces black hole attacks as a security threat in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) where malicious nodes drop packets. The document then reviews previous work on defending against black hole attacks, including using trust values, dummy nodes, and sequence number verification. It proposes using a "preventor node" to create a secure environment and detect black hole attacks in MANETs to improve network performance and security.
This paper modifies the DYMO protocol and develops the AIS-DYMO protocol that is
capable to handle the network layer attack. It means the performance of the network doesn’t get
degraded under the attack. Various immune algorithms can be used to enhance the performance of
the DYMO protocol, but the clonal selection algorithm is used in this work to enhance the
performance of the DYMO protocol. Overall the DYMO protocol is modified to handle the network
layer attacks by using the clonal selection immune algorithm.
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes modifying the DYMO routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) using an artificial immune system (AIS) approach called clonal selection to make it more secure and resilient against network layer attacks. Specifically, the paper discusses issues with securing routing in MANETs, describes the existing DYMO protocol, outlines common network layer attacks against MANETs, provides an overview of AIS and clonal selection algorithms, and proposes developing an AIS-based version of DYMO called AIS-DYMO to better handle network layer attacks.
This document summarizes a survey on attacks against mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It begins with an introduction to MANETs and discusses their unique characteristics and vulnerabilities. It then categorizes the different types of attacks that can occur in MANETs based on their nature (active vs passive), location (external vs internal), and which layer of the protocol stack they target (physical, data link, network, transport, etc.). Specific attacks are defined at each level. The document aims to provide an overview of the security issues in MANETs and different classifications of attacks.
Design and Implementation of TARF: A Trust-Aware Routing Framework for WSNsijsrd.com
The multi-hop routing in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) offers little protection against identity deception through replaying routing information. An adversary can exploit this defect to launch various harmful or even devastating attacks against the routing protocols, including sinkhole attacks, wormhole attacks and Sybil attacks. The situation is further aggravated by mobile and harsh network conditions. Traditional cryptographic techniques or efforts at developing trust-aware routing protocols do not effectively address this severe problem. To secure the WSNs against adversaries misdirecting the multi-hop routing, we have designed and implemented TARF, a robust trust-aware routing framework for dynamic WSNs. Without tight time synchronization or known geographic information, TARF provides trustworthy and energy-efficient route. Most importantly, TARF proves effective against those harmful attacks developed out of identity deception; the resilience of TARF is verified through extensive evaluation with both simulation and empirical experiments on large-scale WSNs under various scenarios including mobile and RF-shielding network conditions. Further, we have implemented a low-overhead TARF module in Tiny OS; as demonstrated, this implementation can be incorporated into existing routing protocols with the least effort. Based on TARF, we also demonstrated a proof-of-concept mobile target detection application that functions well against an anti-detection mechanism.
DATA AGGREGATION AND PRIVACY FOR POLICE PATROLSijasuc
With a widespread growth in the potential applications of Wireless Sensor Networks, the need for reliable
security mechanisms for them has increased manifold. This paper proposes a scheme, Privacy for Police
Patrols (PPP), to provide secure data aggregation that relies on multilevel routing. Privacy factors have
been identified and implemented. Aggregates are prepared and the summary of information is gathered
and stored in a repository. The above defined approaches are integrated in police patrol applications and
preliminary results are obtained.
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A TRUST-AWARE ROUTING PROTOCOL FOR LARGE WSNSIJNSA Journal
The domain of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) applications is increasing widely over the last few years. As this new type of networking is characterized by severely constrained node resources, limited network resources and the requirement to operate in an ad hoc manner, implementing security functionality to protect against adversary nodes becomes a challenging task. In this paper, we present a trust-aware, location-based routing protocol which protects the WSN against routing attacks, and also supports large-scale WSNs deployments. The proposed solution has been shown to efficiently detect and avoid malicious nodes and has been implemented in state-of-the-art sensor nodes for a real-life test-bed. This work focuses on the assessment of the implementation cost and on the lessons learned through the design, implementation and validation process.
The document reviews different secured routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks and their vulnerabilities. It discusses three main categories of secured routing protocols:
1. Trust oriented protocols which use node trust values to determine routing, but are still vulnerable to malicious nodes gaining control.
2. Incentive oriented protocols which aim to discourage attacks through incentives like credits, but require online access or tamper-proof hardware.
3. Detection and isolation protocols which identify misbehaving nodes but have issues like high overhead, inability to detect certain attacks, and vulnerability to false accusations.
In conclusion, while existing protocols address some attacks, they remain vulnerable or impractical in many cases. A robust, lightweight approach is still needed to
A Survey on Secure Routing Protocol for Data Transmission in ad hoc NetworksBRNSSPublicationHubI
The document summarizes research on secure routing protocols for data transmission in ad hoc networks. It discusses five main points:
1) It examines security threats to ad hoc routing protocols like AODV and proposes ARAN, an authenticated routing protocol that detects malicious actions through authentication, integrity checks, and non-repudiation.
2) It discusses implementing end-to-end security on mobile devices using the TLS protocol to secure transmissions.
3) It proposes OLSR, an optimized link-state routing protocol for large, dense ad hoc networks that reduces control packet sizes and flooding.
4) It develops a security mechanism using digital signatures and hash chains to secure AODV routing messages and
Cooperative Black Hole Attack Prevention by Particle Swarm Optimization with ...IJARIIT
MANET (Mobile Ad Hoc Network) is a type of ad hoc network that can change locations and configure
itself, because of moving of nodes. As MANETs are mobile in nature, they use wireless connections to connect various
networks without infrastructure or any centralized administration. Open medium, dynamic topology, distributed
cooperation are the characteristics of MANET and hence ad hoc networks are open to different types of security
attacks. A Grey hole is a node that selectively drops and forwards data packets after advertises itself as having the
shortest path to the destination node in response to a route request message. Our mechanism helps to protect the
network by detecting and reacting to malicious activities of any node. The results enable us to minimize the attacks on
integrated MANET-Internet communication efficiently. Simulation will be carried out by using network simulator
tool so as to address the problem of detection & prevention of grey hole attack in mobile ad-hoc network. In this thesis
uses Particle swarm optimization(PSO).Which monitors by changing its values because of adhoc nature ,if node
converge then it change its value infinite and prevent the node to send packet.
Identification of Closest and Phantom Nodes in Mobile Ad Hoc NetworksIJERA Editor
There are several services that build on the availability of closest node location information like geographic routing in spontaneous networks, data gathering in sensor networks, movement coordination among autonomous robotic nodes, location specific services for hand held devices and danger warning or traffic monitoring in vehicular networks. Ad hoc networking protocols and location-aware services require that mobile nodes identify the location of their closest nodes. Such a process can be easily misuses or stop by opposed nodes. In absence of a priori trusted nodes, the spotting and identifying of closest node position presents challenges that have been scarcely investigated in the literature. Node can also send message from one to many nodes in a broadcasting manner here.
A Secure Payment Scheme with Low Communication and Processing Overhead for Mu...Editor IJMTER
In this proposed work a trust-based routing protocol is developed to route messages through the
highly trusted nodes to minimize the probability of dropping the messages. Thus improve the network
performance in terms of throughput and packet delivery ratio. The proposed design contains a novel secure
reactive routing protocol for Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), called TRIUMF (Trust-Based Routing
Protocol with controlled degree of Selfishness for Securing MANET against Packet Dropping Attack). In the
proposed protocol trust among nodes is represented by trust value, which consists of cooperation score, direct
trust and indirect trust. The proposed trust routing allows controlled degree of selfishness to give an incentive to
the selfish nodes to declare its selfishness behavior to its neighbor nodes, which reduce the searching time of
misbehaving nodes to search for the malicious nodes only. In the proposed routing protocol two node-disjoint
routes between the source and destination nodes are selected based on their path trust values, one marked as
primary and the other as secondary. In this work both DLL-ACK and end- to-end TCP-ACK as monitoring
tools to monitor the behavior of routing path nodes: if the data packet successfully transmitted, then the path
nodes trust value are updated positively; otherwise, if a malicious behavior is detected then the path searching
tool starts to identify the malicious nodes and isolate them from the routing path and the network. Finally this
scheme reduces the searching time of malicious nodes, and the routing protocol avoids the isolated misbehaving
node from sharing in all future routes, which improves the overall network throughput.
Similar to SRAAA – Secured Right Angled and Ant Search Hybrid Routing Protocol for MANETs (20)
Driving Business Innovation: Latest Generative AI Advancements & Success StorySafe Software
Are you ready to revolutionize how you handle data? Join us for a webinar where we’ll bring you up to speed with the latest advancements in Generative AI technology and discover how leveraging FME with tools from giants like Google Gemini, Amazon, and Microsoft OpenAI can supercharge your workflow efficiency.
During the hour, we’ll take you through:
Guest Speaker Segment with Hannah Barrington: Dive into the world of dynamic real estate marketing with Hannah, the Marketing Manager at Workspace Group. Hear firsthand how their team generates engaging descriptions for thousands of office units by integrating diverse data sources—from PDF floorplans to web pages—using FME transformers, like OpenAIVisionConnector and AnthropicVisionConnector. This use case will show you how GenAI can streamline content creation for marketing across the board.
Ollama Use Case: Learn how Scenario Specialist Dmitri Bagh has utilized Ollama within FME to input data, create custom models, and enhance security protocols. This segment will include demos to illustrate the full capabilities of FME in AI-driven processes.
Custom AI Models: Discover how to leverage FME to build personalized AI models using your data. Whether it’s populating a model with local data for added security or integrating public AI tools, find out how FME facilitates a versatile and secure approach to AI.
We’ll wrap up with a live Q&A session where you can engage with our experts on your specific use cases, and learn more about optimizing your data workflows with AI.
This webinar is ideal for professionals seeking to harness the power of AI within their data management systems while ensuring high levels of customization and security. Whether you're a novice or an expert, gain actionable insights and strategies to elevate your data processes. Join us to see how FME and AI can revolutionize how you work with data!
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup SlidesZilliz
Prompting language models is hard, while programming language models is easy. In this talk, I will discuss the state-of-the-art framework DSPy for programming foundation models with its powerful optimizers and runtime constraint system.
Fueling AI with Great Data with Airbyte WebinarZilliz
This talk will focus on how to collect data from a variety of sources, leveraging this data for RAG and other GenAI use cases, and finally charting your course to productionalization.
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
Ocean lotus Threat actors project by John Sitima 2024 (1).pptxSitimaJohn
Ocean Lotus cyber threat actors represent a sophisticated, persistent, and politically motivated group that poses a significant risk to organizations and individuals in the Southeast Asian region. Their continuous evolution and adaptability underscore the need for robust cybersecurity measures and international cooperation to identify and mitigate the threats posed by such advanced persistent threat groups.
Best 20 SEO Techniques To Improve Website Visibility In SERPPixlogix Infotech
Boost your website's visibility with proven SEO techniques! Our latest blog dives into essential strategies to enhance your online presence, increase traffic, and rank higher on search engines. From keyword optimization to quality content creation, learn how to make your site stand out in the crowded digital landscape. Discover actionable tips and expert insights to elevate your SEO game.
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slackshyamraj55
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
leewayhertz.com-AI in predictive maintenance Use cases technologies benefits ...alexjohnson7307
Predictive maintenance is a proactive approach that anticipates equipment failures before they happen. At the forefront of this innovative strategy is Artificial Intelligence (AI), which brings unprecedented precision and efficiency. AI in predictive maintenance is transforming industries by reducing downtime, minimizing costs, and enhancing productivity.
Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing.pdfssuserfac0301
Read Taking AI to the Next Level in Manufacturing to gain insights on AI adoption in the manufacturing industry, such as:
1. How quickly AI is being implemented in manufacturing.
2. Which barriers stand in the way of AI adoption.
3. How data quality and governance form the backbone of AI.
4. Organizational processes and structures that may inhibit effective AI adoption.
6. Ideas and approaches to help build your organization's AI strategy.
Trusted Execution Environment for Decentralized Process MiningLucaBarbaro3
Presentation of the paper "Trusted Execution Environment for Decentralized Process Mining" given during the CAiSE 2024 Conference in Cyprus on June 7, 2024.
Salesforce Integration for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions A...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on integration of Salesforce with Bonterra Impact Management.
Interested in deploying an integration with Salesforce for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
Unlock the Future of Search with MongoDB Atlas_ Vector Search Unleashed.pdfMalak Abu Hammad
Discover how MongoDB Atlas and vector search technology can revolutionize your application's search capabilities. This comprehensive presentation covers:
* What is Vector Search?
* Importance and benefits of vector search
* Practical use cases across various industries
* Step-by-step implementation guide
* Live demos with code snippets
* Enhancing LLM capabilities with vector search
* Best practices and optimization strategies
Perfect for developers, AI enthusiasts, and tech leaders. Learn how to leverage MongoDB Atlas to deliver highly relevant, context-aware search results, transforming your data retrieval process. Stay ahead in tech innovation and maximize the potential of your applications.
#MongoDB #VectorSearch #AI #SemanticSearch #TechInnovation #DataScience #LLM #MachineLearning #SearchTechnology
Your One-Stop Shop for Python Success: Top 10 US Python Development Providersakankshawande
Simplify your search for a reliable Python development partner! This list presents the top 10 trusted US providers offering comprehensive Python development services, ensuring your project's success from conception to completion.
GraphRAG for Life Science to increase LLM accuracyTomaz Bratanic
GraphRAG for life science domain, where you retriever information from biomedical knowledge graphs using LLMs to increase the accuracy and performance of generated answers