SPIRIT, SCIENCE, AND HEALTH

A Examination Discussion 0
Abstract
The Spirit, Science, and Health book is a read regarding the practices
of society and how they related to spirituality and religion. Within
the book Thomas G Plante and Carl E. Thoresen discus diverse
forms of religion, meditation, and spiritual rituals that may help or
hinder a person’s life. Within this working discussion examination I
will give a response to the diverse indexes that are discussed in ‘The
Spirit, Science, and Health’ book and give my opinion, advice, and
collegiate debate regarding aspects of the book on an analytical
level. This working discussion essay paper; the reader will be able
to examine the book for self and review with their own
measurements using balance and options that utilize readers
‘opinions through their own observation, reading, and hypothesis.

A Examination Discussion of
Literature
Spirit Science and Health
{How the Spiritual Mind Fuels
Physical Wellness}
By: Thomas G. Plante and Carl E. Thoresen
Tunisia I.E. Al-Salahuddin/BSHS/RMT/MS
Doctor Ph.D. Ayurveda-Wellness & Health Degree Program
Natural Health Science Department-
Bircham International University
By
Running Head: A EXAMINATION DISCUSSION
Tunisia I.E. Al-Salahuddin-BSHS/
RMT/MS/Ph.D-prog
Digitally signed by Tunisia I.E. Al-Salahuddin-BSHS/RMT/MS/Ph.D-prog
DN: cn=Tunisia I.E. Al-Salahuddin-BSHS/RMT/MS/Ph.D-prog, o=self, ou=Bircham
International University 08/22/16 and revised 08/22/2016,
email=tunisia.alsalahuddin@csuglobal.edu, c=US
Date: 2016.08.22 17:37:08 -07'00'

Table of Contents (1)
 Authors Notes……………………………………………………………………………...Pg.3
 Introduction………………………………………………………………………………..Pg.4
 A Examination Discussion of Literature {Spirit, Science, and Health}…………………..Pg.6
 Spirituality and Studies Regarding Health………………………………………………...Pg.6
 Freedom and Religious Practice…………………………………………………………...Pg.7
 Anything Can Be Sacred…………………………………………………………………..Pg.9
 Seeking…………………………………………………………………………………….Pg.9
 What’s Good for You?.........................................................................................................Pg.11
 NIH (National Institutes of Health)……………………………………………………….Pg.12
 The Agenda ……………………………………………………………………………….Pg.13
 What Came First Prayer or Religion?...................................................................................Pg.14
 Safe or Saved……………………………………………………………………………....Pg.15
 Religious Service…………………………………………………………………………..Pg.16
 Discussion of Intercessory Prayer……………………………………………………….....Pg.16
 Diverse Forms of Prayer…………………………………………………………………...Pg.17
 Why Auxiliary is Needed?...................................................................................................Pg.17
 Off Protocol Prayer………………………………………………………………………...Pg.19
 The Importance of Believing………………………………………………………………Pg.20
 Doctors and God…………………………………………………………………………...Pg.20
 Coping (Prayer or the Pill)…………………………………………………………………Pg.21
 A Few Good Measures……………………………………………………………………..Pg.23
 Measurement in Specific Religious and Spiritual Domains Related to Health……………Pg.25
 Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale (DSES)………………………………………………...Pg.27
 Religious Orientation Scale (ROS) ……………………………………………………….Pg.28
 Duke Religious Index……………………………………………………………………....Pg.29
 Why It is Important for Patients to Believe While Healing………………………………..Pg.31
 Meditation……………………………………………………………………......................Pg.33

Table of Contents (2)
 Analysis Research…………………………………………………………………………Pg.34
 The Eight Point Program…………………………………………………………………..Pg.35
 Compassion, Promoting Greater Health, Religion/Spirituality............................................Pg.36
 Spirituality and Dealing with Sickness and Death...............................................................Pg.37
 Spirituality, Religion and the Quality of Care at the End of Life…………………………Pg.39
 Findings……………………………………………………………………………………Pg.40
 Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………Pg.41
 Annotated Bibliography…………………………………………………………………...Pg.44
 References.…………………………………………………………………………….......Pg.44-46

Authors Notes
As a current student at Walden University in the study and Major of Psychology and also Bircham
International University in the Major of Ayurveda-Holistic Wellness. It has been a great pleasure for me to
have the opportunity to study at University of Phoenix where I obtained my Bachelor’s degree in Human
Services where I learned about superseding the slave mind in reality to rise as the Phoenix. I was able to meet
great talented people and teachers who really taught me how to Master the art of presentation by standing and
delivering within presenting and speaking formally. It was at Colorado State University-GC where I learned the
meaning of Mastering the knowledge of business and also where I obtained my Masters in the Science of
Organizational Leadership with emphasis in Innovation and Strategic Leadership. Being the Granddaughter of
the late Floyd. Pearson and Great Granddaughter of Alice Pearson Spiegler it is innately within me and my
lineage to write and give composition on many levels which I am still Mastering within observation and study
in a University setting. I also pay homage to my Rahman, Le’Avington (Avington) family, and my late Uncle
Prophet Elijah Muhammad and his wife my Aunt Clara (Evans) Muhammad. I must say that my life Mandala
has not yet been completed but I only just begun. I have obtained my collegiate degrees not just for myself but
for the benefit of my two birth daughters, my nieces, myself, and to complete my Magnum Opus in life and
society in the now and for the future! It is truly a pleasure for me to be able to read, analyze, discus, and give
constructive criticism on the Spirit, Science, and Health text read for the appointed university class. Powerful
words that must be recited when it comes to college, students, and education ‘This is not a game.’ I wish all
college students well who are not playing about education for knowledge is key and essential for life.
Education is the best water you will drink next to the water coming out of your faucet at home!
‘I am Mother, Wife, Sister, Student and Friend not one who was thrown to the dogs!’
-Tunisia I.E. Al-Salahuddin-BSHS/RMT/MS/Ph.D. Ayurveda Holistic Wellness/Psychology-progress-
Thanks to My mother for teaching me to read, thanks to Spike Lee who reminded me to start reading again, and Thanks to Russell
Simons who told me to become Vegan (I have yet to Master Vegan, but working on it through Holistic Studies)!

Introduction
Spirit, Life, and Health is a book that give insight and also informative approaches into the realm of
religion and spirituality and the effects of meditation, prayer, belief systems, and practice. Thomas G. Plante
and Carl E. Thoresen two researches use many of the religious indexes that are being used within religious
organizations today along with religious cataloging in the sense of indexing religious behavior and practices in a
subject’s life. Harold G Koenig, M.D. a professor of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Associate Professor of
Medicine Duke University stated, “Spirit Science and Health, edited by two of the top researches and authorities
in this growing field, covers a wide range of key topics on the frontier of the discipline of spirituality and health.
It is an outstanding contribution to the literature that is a must read for skeptics and believers alike” (SSC,
2007). Being a Pearson Spiritual indexes have been known to be extremely controversial based on the fact that
they use controlled religion and may induce hardship or no hardship at all within a participant’s life. They also
may involve un-wanted controlled auditing and other brutal consequences imperiled on people’s lives for
controlled matters.
Within the read per Plante & Thoresen who noted that many of the index studies where done on those
with type ‘A’ personalities as a social study. As I explain the diverse concepts, indexes, and religious aspects
within society today and why people may choose to practice or not practice. The discussion will also give the
reader more of an in-depth look at the world of controlled religion, spirituality and why many medical
professionals today think that it is necessary to use indexes or not. Religious indexes are usually cataloged with
in a Librarian system in most collegiate organizations which are also questionable not the collegiate group, but
the proper indexing practices. There must be more research into that system as well to ensure that all studies are
properly cataloged and indexed in the accurate classification. In this examination discussion paper it will
clearly be up to the reader and discussion groups to make their hypothesis for self into the moral value, aspects,
and validity within the content of the Spirit, Science, and Health book and the professional sources involved. I
will do my best to give an constructive feedback in regards to the collegiate read and opinion in regards to the

indexes used along with the experiments. Each chapter will also have to carry value, measurement into the
content, and I will attempt to convey to the readers the concepts, metrics, and thought process of many of the
professional researchers involved, and what they have gathered within many of the studies to create diverse
religious indexes like, ROS, NIH, NIA, DSES, RII, DUREL, PRSS, and many more indexes.

A Examination Discussion of Literature
{Spirit, Science, and Health}
Behavioral health and medicine started creating more indexes back in 1980 one of the first religious
index studies involved heart attack patients whom had type A personalities. Thoresen stated, “Could our
approach to helping them avoid future heart attacks and other problems been more effective if we had at least
inquired about their spiritual and religious beliefs in ways that clearly respected them yet allowed them, if they
were interested to access these beliefs and traditions in coping more effectively with their health problems”
(Thoresen, 2007, p. 3). The index was created as a help for patients to ease their pain and suffrage that was
caused by emotional and behavioral issues. The study was done to give a hypothesis but at the same time teach
patients about spirituality and religion as supposed to being angry and upset which caused them to have heart
attacks and other adverse behavior and reactions within their life.
Spirituality and Studies Regarding Health
Much of today’s spirituality does involve religion or what one may call the great awakening of some
kind. Religions which include; Buddhist, Christian, Agnostic, Muslim, Hebrew, and Believers are all followers
of some sort of spirituality that may be similar but are different in many ways to get to the source of their beliefs
system. Many whom practice religion or spirituality find out at some point in time there is only one source but
diverse way or sources. “Several studies have reported, for example, that persons attending some kind of
religious or spiritual service or ceremony regularly (e.g., once weekly or more) compared to non-attenders live
longer. Living longer is equated with living roughly 7 years longer than non-attenders when random samples of
the general public are used” (Thoresen, 2007, p.4). I must say that this study was done with subjects that where
controlled by some organization or religious cult. Many who used controlled indexes as a way to keep people
under some rule or order that is unknown to the members or those who join their group.

Freedom and Religious Practice
Even though the indexes and the research was created for the purpose of study and possibly to control
people along with some aspects of society there is still a thing called free will. When many people read the
Bible or Holy Koran the books give reference to man/woman who was created in the likeness or image of God
be given free will. The Bible stated, “Free will is a precious gift from God, for it lets us love him with our
“whole heart”—because we want to.—Matthew 22:37 and “All that your hand finds to do,” says the Bible, “do
with your very power.”(Ecclesiastes 9:10) It also says: “The plans of the diligent one surely make for
advantage.”—Proverbs 21:5, God created humans in his image. (Genesis 1:26) Unlike animals, which act
mainly on instinct, we resemble our Creator in our capacity to display such qualities as love and justice. And
like our Creator, we have free will.
In the Holy Koran in the regards to free will and the book called Free Will Predestination The Surah
61:5 states, “Then when they went wrong, Allah let their hearts go wrong…”You are free to feel, think or
desire, the initiative in your inner self is entirely yours. God’s intervention takes place at a later stage and
accords with your intentions. He increases the disease of those who already have sickness in their hearts, but if
you would be guided, God will certainly support your effort. God would never predestine you to harbor evil
intentions or a desire to do harm to people” (Holy Koran, 2016). I remember growing up and my father always
telling his children that God gives you free will and not to believe anything else for God Allah gave us free will
to live how we wanted, but to always have moral qualities. One of the many questions within this examination
paper that may be answered is. How much free will was given to the subjects to live and heal properly?
In life the patient must have their compass, map, and watch for the betterment of their healing this can
be done through life professional life coaching in reality. Indeed some note that their religiousness or
spirituality offers them a kind of moral compass or framework” (Plante & Thoresen, 2007, p.4). Considering I
am not part of any religious index that creates a deplorable PIE (person in environment) or creates hardships

within people’s lives I have always decided to use my own free will with the ability to do through moral
standards. This is one of the many questions that have to be answered by the subject and professional alike
while conducting indexes and experimentations to insure accuracy and that humane treatment was present.
Question: Was there any feedback given by the subjects in regards to treatment and participation? Often many
go on religious quest and spiritual retreats as a humbling experience to teach or train the ego or inner soul. It
can also be used in diverse methods within society as a way to shrink the ego or even uplift the inner IG or ego.
“Some might call this downsizing the demands of excessive, “fill the room” ego” (Thoresen, 2007, p.5).
However the I am ‘ego’ has to be feed some type of spiritual way to create a functioning person in whatever the
person does to ensure the moral character and fiber is there. Thoresen stated on page 5 of Spirit, Science, and
Health, “Positive with their religious beliefs nor conflicted about them. Those who endorsed spiritual factors
tended to be somewhat more compassionate, accepting of others, wand universal in their outlook” (Plante &
Thoresen, 2007, p.5). Time and again this factor is due to understanding, having moral value, and life
experiences! Upon examining the University read I had to bring upon moral character, ethics, and value to
ensure that all subjects where properly treated in a humane and decent way. Reference: The Bureau of
Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor (DRL): This thought is often forgotten by many researchers which is
law in the United States of America for all educational facilities where research is conducted.
As I grew older within life I always knew that I was not one to sale my soul to the devil and give my
lively hood away along with the keys to my soul as you see cruelly portrayed within Hollywood’s movies on
television. I left the churches, mosque, and Synagogues temples in the past to become a true believer. “When
patients face a terminal illness, religious and spiritual factors often figure into their coping strategies and
influence important decisions such as the employment of advance directives, the living will and the Durable
Power of Attorney for Health Care. Considerations of the meaning, purpose and value of human life are used to
make choices about the desirability of CPR and aggressive life-support, or whether and when to forego life
support and accept death as appropriate and natural under the circumstances” (Puchalski et al., 2009;

McCormick et al., 2012; Ai, 2008). Patients’ rights are always number one when conducting experimentations
and always have to be enforced.
Anything Can Be Sacred
In spirituality anything can be made sacred in the seekers own life. Rather it be a relationship, a God, a
book, a person, place, or even a thing. Making something sacred is usually done by people or a person. Within
the teaching of Islam many Muslims take a sacred pilgrimage to Mecca or to the Mountains in Medina. Within
Buddhist, Christ, and Hebrew belief many worshipers go to church or the temple on Sunday as a sacred gathers
and to fellowship. “Sacred often refers to what is divine or holy or most meaningful and significant” (Plante &
Thoresen, 2007, p. 5). Sacred is made by man through intention and thought!
Seeking
Within most spiritual or religious book the readers or doers are told to be seekers of understanding,
wisdom, and knowledge. For me this is usually through education, elders, awakening, reading, doing, listening,
and learning. According to the Bible Matthew 7:7-8 in regards to seeking, “Ask, and it will be given to you;
seek, and you will find; knock, and it will be opened to you. For everyone who asks receives, and the one who
seeks finds, and to the one who knocks it will be opened” (ESV, 2016). Many truly do not understand the word
seek within the Bible for it is a man or woman called a Sheikh which according to Webster dictionary is a
leader within a Muslim community often of male status, but they also have woman leaders within the Muslim
community who are also seekers. These people where often referred to as the Mohr/Moors. Within the spiritual
quest of many we are taught that these things have and will be revealed to them for those who seeks the
knowledge. “In many ways the task of religious institutions, or groups outside of a formal religion, is to provide
the knowledge, understanding, skills, and motivation needed to help individuals make progress on their spiritual
pathways. Some evidence suggests that religious institutions and other community groups are not providing the
needed teaching and learning of spiritual skills and practices that can be used in daily life” (Plante & Thoresen,

2007, p. 7). I truly agree with Plante &Thoresen within this topic the tools of healing are always to be given to
those who seek them or ask for them within any educational and health institution, but it is up to the patient
subject to use them for healing purposes.
Many people within religion are still on milk when it comes to any spiritual teaching. I am truly one
who is not a captive of religion or any trickery within religion, but believe in the truth of teaching as do many
others. Often many do not understand the holistic value of the Bible, Torah, Holy Koran, or any Buddhist
teachings which all incorporate Ayurveda (ic) which is the pure science of life. Often too many spiritual leaders
hinder their members or followers by allowing them to sit in the realm of un-educated and mental slavery. What
I learned through study and education on a spiritual level is that each house or group of religious denominations
has something to offer and once you take off the coat of religion, by participating in fellowship and learning
then more will be revealed to the seeker that is part of spirituality and religion. As I too went on my own
spiritual quest I learned the phrase “what difference does it make” and the truth is what difference does it truly
make if it does not make my life better or give me the understanding, knowledge, or wisdom that one truly
needs to make a difference in life or another’s life.
Religion and Spirituality is the Science of Life and can be beautiful if you learn properly. If a spiritual
leader does not know himself how can he teach you to swim and not sink! Within my own spiritual quest I
would often see ministers rub the forehead of members assuming that was the anointing of the head according
to the Bible, but later came to find out that the practice was wrong and many Preachers and Pastors did not
know that the anointing of the head was a Ayurveda massage done to clean out impurities within the mind and
the body. According to the Holy Bible within Mathew 26:6-7 “While Jesus was in Bethany in the home of
Simon the Leper a woman came to him with an alabaster jar of very expensive perfume, which she poured on
his head as he was reclining at the table” (NIV, 2016). My studies within Ayurveda teach me that the process
that Jesus went through was Shirodhara massage which is part of the ‘Science of Life’ for cleaning the body and
some aspects of the soul (mind). I never knew this knowledge until I step out of the same old teaching and

became a seeker. The lack of skills in using spiritual practices may be the single missing in gradient that
inhibits the kind of spiritual growth that leads to better health and well-being. The question is still to be
answered by the practicing person or the seeker; Are you spiritual or religious?
What’s Good for You?
Many religions do use dogma, ritual practices, control, money, and abusive power to lure people into
their own hyped up teachings that usually fall off into the category of Jim Jones, Bishop-King Louis H.
Narcisse, and a whole variety of other religious leaders who prey on their members’ poverty, vulnerability, free
will, and lively hood. “Others may view organized religion as anti-spiritual in nature” (Plante & Thoresen,
2007, p.6). The truth of the matter is those who choose to seek become more successful rather than those who
dwell. As a true believer that you should never be shifty like wheat but rather a seeker of knowledge to obtain
the truth, what you need in life to live, and friendship. Thoresen stated, “While many church members may be
called dwellers rather than seekers, those comfortable with traditional religion focused on the attending church
as a place of worship” (2007, p. 6). Often times many within religion do not understand that worship can be
done anywhere at home if that is what you choose to do is worship or do many seek to get their souls and life
into a spiritual order. As dominion was given to man and woman I clearly had a good understanding that
seekers are the movers and shakers within society or also referred to as the bees for the teachings within the
Holy Koran tells you that Allah loves the Bees, and you do not have to be Muslim to acknowledge this teaching
nor do you have to be Muslim to be a Bee! Many within religious text do not understand why the Bees get so
much love from Allah called the all in all in the Bible. Reference: 1 Corinthians 15:28. If you have ever read
books on Constructive Living which clearly teaches you, ‘If you put in the work you get the good fortune out’
(Reynolds, 1995). As a woman who lives guilt free and not a wishing well for others. I do believe that when
you put the work in you do get the good fortune out this means with the sweat of your own brow and the work
of your own hands in reality. I have never been one to buy into the amped up false teachings of many
evangelist, preachers, and ministries that teach members deceptively that they can live through others’ for this is

not the teachings of the bees, movers, shakers, and doers within society today and not part of spirituality but
maybe some form of religious teachings. In fact this is a lazy theology that teaches members how to lie, cheat,
rob, and steal! Often times many religious organization forget about spirituality and religion and they end up
becoming thief rings heading toward self-destruction which always come to a horrific end. What any person
must know and understand when it comes to religion and spirituality is ‘Seekers move and do and dwellers may
lose focus and never do or grow within their walk in life.’ One should never misconstrued spiritual seeking with
spiritual thief for one walks and the other does not walk or grow!
NIH (National Institutes of Health)
This study was done to examine the number of deaths from attendance verses non-attendance and per
the study, “Frequent religious service attendance (i.e., once weekly or more) predicted lower mortality rates
when compared to those who attended less often or not at all” (Plante & Thoresen, 2007, p. 7). Now from what
I have read is this is from service attendance, but service attendance within spirituality and your God is called
service, but it did not mention if it were an actual building or not. I also gathered that this is a form of
controlled religion. As adults having to be forced to attend any religious service would make anyone spiritualist
hesitate and also a person may assume that the leader would be hesitate to have those people as members. For
eager followers and members create more of a vital spiritual experience. Spirituality and religion is a seeking
substance that is full of ‘ah hah’ moments and is like looking for treasure called wisdom, understanding, and
knowledge it should be refreshing, educating, and joyous for all student learner.
Learning about self within spirituality through diverse forms of religions should be exciting, warming,
and gratifying. When student pupils learn about Allah they learn about the Beneficent, Beneficences,
Benefactor, and Benefits which all come from the All in All according to the Ayurveda studies and Bible.
Allah also referred to as the All in All the energy for the mind produces energy which manifest in reality called
the Buddhi, which is your best friend and your Master Intelligence which Jesus told us to follow when he stated

follow MI (me) your mind. Reference: Mathew: 16:24. According to Berean Study Bible “27-God has put
everything under His feet.” Now when it says that everything has been put under Him, this clearly does not
include the One who put everything under Him. 28-And when all things have been subjected to Him, then the
Son Himself will be made subject to Him who put all things under Him, so that God may be all in all” (2016).
As a woman, student, teacher, and learner one thing that I never conformed to become is a subject or a thing,
but one who was taught to have dominion as a woman which is a teaching not taught to all but rather many are
told they are animals or creatures slayed in the spirit. Within their spirituality as a practice called superstition
which also hinder the spiritual walk in life. Meaning examine a person first i.e. their intention and motives
before giving them your trust, belief, or word.
Now within the National Institutes of Health study, “This evidence was seemed “persuasive’ based on
using a set of rigorous criteria to identify well-designed and controlled studies. These findings were provided
by an Expert Panel of the National Institutes of Health” (Plante & Thoresen, 2007, p. 7). Being the Universalist
is a great way to conform within a spiritual and religious walk. This thinking and theology allows for the
person to encirclement diverse cultures and religious aspects for learning and development. This will be a form
of lifelong learning that will carry them and help them to walk on water and keep them from sinking without
obtain or enduring shaky times (nervous disease and sickness) for faith means well and in the Bible is a form of
holistic measurements. “Positive relationships to health were found among students who were not struggling
with their religious beliefs nor conflicted about them. Those who endorsed spiritual factors tended to be
somewhat more compassionate, accepting of others, and universal in their outlook” (Plante & Thoresen, 2007,
p. 5). Parking at one religious port without studying, learning, or growing will never allow the person to excel
or learn about their neighbor or their fellow man in society.

The Agenda
In any person’s spirituality, religion, and health quest it is truly up to the person to set the agenda for
what they want and need to incorporate into their gumbo pot or melting pot called a regimen. Truth be told
what works for one person may not work for another. If it is prayer or even a DUA prayer, what prayer is
intended for one person life may not be needed in another man/woman’s life at a particular point in time or
ever? Thoresen clearly states on page 5 of Spirituality, Religion, and Health, “Understandably, there has been a
tendency to confuse if not sometimes misrepresent the evidence by people who have an agenda to promote
(either pro or con) about spiritual and religious benefits. Given all of these studies, why is there such limited
evidence linking spiritual and religious factors with health? I do believe that many people who actually obtain
healing, good health, and excellent living through religion and spirituality keep quiet due to nay sayers and
negative comments about healing and welling being or even believing. The question should be ‘Is it safe to say
you got healed because someone prayed for you or through spiritual quest?
What Came First Prayer or Religion?
From many teachings rather it be Islamic, Christian (Veda), or Buddhist I would say that prayer came
first which turned to ritual, and then formed a religion. Praying or meditating and then assuming ritual will
always cultivate a practice of some kind that forms a religious group or cult then cultivates some form of
energy. Without knowing which came first (e.g., did prayer come before or after the reduction in depression?)
or the relationship reported stable one? Would the same relationship be found if the person’s spiritual
experiences scale score and blood pressure were measured 3 months later compared to just one time?” (Plante
& Thoresen, 2007, p.7). I know for me going to church and praying was something that I learned and choose to
do, but never was forced to attend Sunday service except for when I went to my Grandmother’s home during
vacation and holiday. From what I have learned is when you force someone to do something they will reject it
verse allow a person to make their own choices on what religious teaching they want to choose or even if they

want to choose religion at all. Today many organization are using religious indexes that cultivate harsh
punishment on the members which I do believe is illegal in all its forms, but it is also based off the society that
you live along with the country. To me signing up to be part of a torment or chastising religious experiment that
creates a deplorable living environment and conditions would be out of the question, and I always tried to get a
understanding of whom these people are who would sign up for these types of experimentations that indexed
them in some sort of brutal and in-human way? There are also experimentations that do the complete opposite,
but at what cost and penalty?
When Muslims do prayer they do prayer as a ritual, but when believers do prayer is it different, and less
intense because he or she has become a believer and does not have to prove to God that he/she is faithful and
trust him? When Muslims do prayer in the morning, noon, and evening they uses a mat or prayer rug, but a mat
is also considered to be a deity in some religions. According to the Berean Bible the healing at the pool and the
story goes as such, “For an angel went down at a certain season into the pool, and troubled the water: who so
ever then first after the troubling of the water stepped in was made whole of what so ever disease he had. 5-One
man there had been an invalid for thirty-eight years. 6-Jesus saw him lying there and realized he had already
been there a long time. “Do you want to get well?” He asked. 7”Sir, replied the sick man, ‘I have no one to help
me into the pool when the water is stirred. While I am on my way, someone else goes in before me. 8-Then
Jesus told him, “Get up, pick up your mat, and walk” (Bible Hub, 2016). This refers to the time when you
cannot just pray but you have to become a busy Bee and do not waste prayers but pick up your mat and walk for
self! Prayer is powerful because of the energy, but there will be a time when you cannot waste any prayer!
Safe or Saved
Many religious educator do not teach their members and flock about the differences between safe and
saved. Much of the belief practices and rituals which include behavior and psychological factors encompass
around the perimeter of the Act. Within Islam the teaching is those whom sit upon raised couches are the winner

and also they teach that Allah will put you in a safe place so you can continue on your journey within life.
Within Christianity they teach about the rapture and being caught up or saved up. What is the difference
between the two?
Religious Service
Many people do not understand that service can be 1 of 1 you and your deity, God, or just your family
when it comes to service and praising however you choose to serve. “Currently, the search for possible
mediators of spiritual and religious factors that link such factors indirectly to health is a hot topic. A mediating
factor can be thought of something that helps explain why one factor, such as religious attendance, predicts a
health factor indirectly, such as changes in mortality risk” (Plante & Thoresen, 2007, p. 8). When most people
usually practice religion the order usually goes from; Spirituality, Service, Fellowship.
Discussion of Intercessory Prayer
Intercessory Prayer which means precari is usually a way of being able to pray for someone that you
care for through meditation, energy work, and persistent prayer. “Some connections do exist between spiritual
and religious factors and the health and well-being of people. Just how and in what way these connections
function is a challenging problem, but one well worth the effort? (Plante & Thoresen, 2007). Intercessory pray
I believe can work for your benefit or against you as well. Many people do not know that prayer is thought and
thought is energy which can shape and form any situation. It is through manifestation within reality we create
healing, innovation, creation, and society. A thing called a thought! “The growing collaborations of empirical
scientist with professional religious and spiritual scholars and practitioners bode well. All have much to learn
from each other yet each has a sphere of theory and practice that merits respect and may remain distinctively
different” (Plante & Thoresen, 2007, p.9). Teachings may be diverse from varied religions, but they still
incorporate some form of the same theology when it comes to intercessory prayer.

Taking care of the soul and essence is usually done through prayer, meditation, relaxation, proper diet,
and exercise. This involves physical and psychological development which encompasses mind, body, and soul.
“Among religious, prayer has long been considered a central practice. Highly regarded psychology and religion
scholar William James, in his oft quoted passage, noted that prayer is”…the very soul and essence of religion”
(Plante & Thoresen, 2007, p.11). Through prayer you have to be affirmative and also have supplication which is
similar to taking vitamins or your supplements. Supplication is usually through the help of some organization
auxiliary board at a Church, Mosque, Temple, or Synagogue. Many people within religious practice believe
that you can petition God, the High Priest, and Highest through prayer, but Catholic believe that you usually go
to the Priest or the Bishop for supplication. Complementary and alternative therapies in the form of yoga and
chanting is another form of meditation and prayer by using sound to channel or tap into a source. Many today
believe that prayer and intercessory prayer can cure and heal mental illness called relief and belief healing.
Diverse Forms of Prayer
There are diverse forms of prayer that people use for different life situations. Thoresen stated “One
hypothesis to explain the latter finding is that perhaps people who pray more often are prone toward avoidance
methods of coping with stress. Thus, they may fail to take proper action to remedy difficult situations and
perhaps become more focused on their poor health through their concentration on it during prayers that ask for
healing” (2007, p. 13). The belief is pray but take action for when a believer or someone on a spiritual and
religious quest prays they must act, but being a doer of whatever word it is they read. Pray and keep walking is
the theology of most religious until you see the manifestation of the prayer. This theology reverts back to the
Constructive Living quote, “When you put in the work you will get out the fortune” just like working and obtain
a paycheck or going to college and earning the degrees.
Why Auxiliary is Needed?

Auxiliary is what you call the support system within spirituality and religion. It is similar to the story
within the Bible of how God took Adams rib to make him a wife called Eve. Auxiliary is; Supplementary,
supportive, ancillary, and assisting it is the backup prayer to assist the main prayer. “In 1991 Poloma and
Pendleton published the results of an interview survey they conducted with over 500 residents of Akron, Ohio.
Based on these data they were able to use statistical methods to identify four distinct types of prayer” (Plante &
Thoresen, 2007, p 14). These forms of prayer are;
(1) Petitionary prayer-requesting that God meet specific material needs of self and friends
(2) Colloquial prayer- a type of conversation with God
(3) Ritual Prayer- recitation of prepared prayers from prayer books i.e. Dogma and Dua prayers
(4) Meditative Prayer- Which involves 1on 1 service or 1 of 1 service focused on God or tapping into a source.
Many light workers, spiritual healers, and energy workers also use another form of healing called Reiki
or Pranic healing which is also known as laying of the hands within the Christian community. Reiki which goes
by many names as; Chi, Kei, Rei, Manna, Barak, and Orenda are diverse names for the word energy or life
force energy that can be used in conjunction with intercessory prayer to promote healing within the body, mind,
and soul. “Strictly speaking, intercessory prayer is prayer said for someone else, that is one individual serves as
the “intercessor” (i.e., one interceding or intervening) for another by offering up prayers on the other’s behalf.
Thus, an intercessory prayer could be said in the presence of the other person, as is done during rituals such as
laying on of hands for healing, or it may be offered from a distance, that is, without the presence of the person
who is the object of the prayers” Muslims usually do a form of Dua prayer as a intercessory prayer for
protection and healing.
Prayer is powerful when you put in the work, and from what I have read controlled prayer or religious
practice has no standing as those whom are not controlled. My question would be why would it be controlled

when God gives us free will to do as thy wilt, and even then we can only Do As Thy Wilt after you Know Thy
Self from what you have found out about whom your are and no more than that! Even within prayer it is not
within your will to do and map then prayer may or may not work. Within Dr. Byrd’s experiment, “The
intercessors themselves were all born- again Christians who maintained an active prayer life. The most widely
cited finding from the study was that, on an overall measure of patients’ hospital course, 85 percent of the
prayer group had a good hospital course versus 3 percent of the control group and only 14 percent of the prayer
group had a bad hospital course versus 22 percent of the control group” (Plante & Thoresen, 2007, p. 16). Even
though these studies where done based off the mortality rate and attendance of service goers the fact still
remains of the issue of Deeds. Many fail to realize that the system of judgment is based off of your deeds
which are sins good or bad and within that you get your measure of a man or woman called the balance!
According to Dr. Byrd, “Similarly, the intercessors prayed that the patients would avert death but the data
revealed that there were no differences in mortality, that is a patient in the prayer group was just as likely to die
during the study as a patient in the control group” (Byrd, 1988, p. 16). I am a believer that it truly makes a
difference in whom prays for you and knowledge they have about energy healing. “A response to these
challenges can be found in the work of Harris and colleagues who conducted a somewhat more sophisticated
replication of the Byrd study” (Harris, 1999, p. 16). Within the study the Harris study according to Thoresen
showed no evidence of anything different nor did it show evidence of mortality.
Off Protocol Prayer
Usually off protocol prayer happens when there is a break through and the patient did not know anyone
was praying for them. This usually happens when there is no index or experiment going on. Off protocol
prayer can also be done when there is an urgent stat need for a patients healing or recovery. “Recently the
scientific literature on intercessory prayer was significantly enhanced by two studies that are particularly
noteworthy for both their scientific methods and the fact that both included multiple centers in their
investigations” (Krucoff and colleagues, 2005, p. 17). Within this study their where 748 patients that

participated within this study 374 from nine different health centers and 374 whom may have received treatment
from another study or based on other diagnoses and treatments, and once again the patients where cardiac
patients. Within the study patients did know that prayer was being done for them, but however there was no
complications. The off protocol prayer is evident when patients are not told that they are receiving prayer but
acknowledge that someone is praying for them. Within Herbert Benson’s study he as well noted findings within
intercessory prayer for patients. Herbert Benson’s from Medical School findings where as such, “The results
demonstrated that prayer itself had no effect on complication free recovery from the surgery, but in an
interesting twist, the group of patients who were certain that they would receive intercessory prayer form the
research team had a higher incidence of complications than did the patients who received prayer but were
uncertain about it” (2006, p. 17). Within the study there where 3 groups; 1. They may or may not receive
prayer, but obtained prayer 2. They may receive prayer but in actuality they did not receive prayer 3. Those told
they would receive prayer and do receive prayer.
The Importance of Believing
Within prayer and healing it is extremely important for the proper energy work to be done along with
prayer. Word without work are just dead words. What I have found is this; Prayer, Energy Healing, and
Believing work together in conjunction. There is a systematic way of obtaining and achieving healing.
Encouraging the patient to believe that the healing and prayer can and will work is the study that needs to be
done. The 2006 study by Masters (K.S) was a null and void study that did not included Dr. Benson’s analysis.
The Masters study did not show any evidence on the effects of prayer. Masters (K.S.) stated, “When the results
were analyzed, including the one study that had suspicion of false findings, a small effect for intercessory
prayer was obtained; however, when this suspect study was excluded no effect for intercessory prayer was
found” (2006, 18). Many of the practitioners whom give energy healing i.e. Reiki, Pranic healing, and Laying
on of the Hands also incorporate energy and encourage the patient to believe. The teaching that should go along
with the healing should also include “Mind Over What is the Matter.”

Doctors and God
In society today many patients make a profound complaint that many Doctors are attempting to play
God. Indeed God is created in the image of man (woman), but it is also up to the patient to seek their God and
put in the work of taking care of self. God in the form of Doctor for God can also be a doctor if you give him
that power or rather seek his council for help and yes indeed I am talking about a medical M.D. In science there
are always medical research break through that can help the patient, but I would never tell a patient just to give
up according to a M.D. but always seek the advice from other medical council and the highest power. Believe
for a Break Through can be profound within discovery and healing and the patients even within the study do not
have to accept the study findings but become a seeker of healing. “The data that are analyzed in each study
consist of grouped findings; the average result for one group is compared with the average result from the other
group. But within each group some individuals go better than others and across groups some of those in the
control group do better than some in the prayer group” (Plante & Thoresen, 2007, p. 19). The studies where
completely incorrect and wrong! The groups forgot to incorporate healing by energy and believing that you are
healed. The study also forgot to incorporate holistic health and nutrition for all these things work together when
it comes to healing and a patient’s quality of care. Things that should have been incorporated are; Prayer,
Energy Healing, Human Touch, Love, Friendship, and Believing in self, and a Higher Power!
Coping (Prayer or the Pill)
Prayer or the pill is a big factor when you are dealing with patients who use prayer vs over indulging in
over the counter medications and they also utilize the power of prayer. Pain medications and other medications
that patients are prescribed are ok, but along with the prayer, and energy healing the entire system of healing
needs to be holistic (being made whole). When you do a prayer study and do not incorporate the entire regimen
of holistic health then you take short cuts and only get less than half the results. Within the city of Berkeley
California and also San Francisco, California you can find a treasure chest of holistic practitioners and Doctors

that incorporate Holistic healing along with prayer. This entire process indeed is collaborative of diverse
methods of healing, holistic health by making or attempting to make someone whole, and prayer. “Other
investigators noted that prayer may indeed be part of a passive or deferring coping style, however, it may
alternately be part of what has been called a collaborative coping strategy, one in which the individual
beseeches God’s help with the situation but also recognizes that she/he must be an active partner in solving the
problem” (Plante & Thoresen, 2007, p. 20). Becoming the believer for deleterious effects of illness within the
body! According to Plante & Thoresen on page 21 of ‘Spirit, Science, and Health,’ “In a separate analysis of the
same sample, Krause found that feelings of self-worth were highest when individuals believed that only God
knows when and how to best answer prayer.
In contrast, self-esteem was lower among individuals who believed that prayers were answered
immediately and believed that they get what they ask for” (Krause, 2003, p. 21). The study should of also
incorporated, walking and not waiting, but teaching the patient to push through the illness and recovery, not
thinking lower of yourself, because healing involves higher thinking which also incorporates believing, and also
taking account of your actions, spiritually standing & walking and never generating a Violet the Grape type of
attitude within healing. The slave mind will not generate healing of self when a patient is ill and trying to
survive even within prayer the patient has to also pray in a collaborative effort with whomever is praying for
them, but most importantly praying for self for self-preservation is key, vital, and law for survival! Dr. Julie
Exline and colleagues the use of prayer was found to predict better mood among posttraumatic stress disorder
patients” (2005, p. 21). This is truly when supplication comes in and plays a vital role including auxiliary
within the patient’s life within the church this can be the Missionary board, Mothers Board, Nuns in the
Catholic Diocese, Outreach Committee, Deacons, Deaconesses, and the Prayer Team. Within praying for a
subject or patient with any research study that involves prayer teams there should always be scriptures, Dua’s,
and Surah’s to be adhered to and administered for optimal health.
Surah

 ‘And no bearer of burdens will bear the burden of another. And if a heavily laden soul calls [another] to
[carry some of] its load, nothing of it will be carried, even if he should be a close relative. You can only
warn those who fear their Lord unseen and have established prayer. And whoever purifies himself only
purifies himself for [the benefit of] his soul. And to God is the [final] destination’ (Surah Fatir 35:18).
Bible
 In the time of his disease did he trespass yet more (Mohr/Moor)? 2 Chron. 28.
 To intrude; to go too far; to put to inconvenience by demand or importunity; as, to trespass upon the
time or patience of.
Buddhist
 Man is not a fallen creature who begs for his needs as he awaits mercy. According to Buddhism, man is
a potential master of himself. Only because of his deep ignorance does man fail to realize his full
potential. Since the Buddha has shown this hidden power, man must cultivate his mind and try to
develop it by realizing his innate ability (Thera, 2016).
Within all teachings of all religions the practice of walking and doing within mind, body and soul is
required to obtain healing and excellent health. The patient has time to reflect, atone, and act on their own
health condition to better their situation by believing and becoming the Doer! The patient should be taught
to pray in whole not in part meaning; pray to become a whole person not just for a mending.
A Few Good Measures
Every man and woman have their own spiritual measurements and no two are alike. “One lesson learned
that day by runners and marathon officials was that measurement is very important. In research too,
measurement is very important. Without good measurement, the data that are collected in the process of doing
a research study are of little, if any, value. During this time the patient must answer the quest. Do you want to
be saved or safe? During the patient’s recovery and treatment he or she must understand that their greatness

measurements will be different. They will not be measured by their wealth, but rather a system of how they
believe, pray, feel, attitude, values and behavior. The measure or a man within healing and Buddhist text is the
mind and the Buddhi. How can the patient use his mind and thoughts through prayer to heal himself/herself?
These measurements usually fall into the category of alternatives to self-report measures and guidance for
choosing a measure. How far in-depth within the research does the patient want to go, how much prayer will he
need, and how long will the research and intercessory praying last? Other measurements within these
researches and indexes that were used are; general measurement issues and RS variables and related measures
of importance to health researchers.
Within the study the measurements are done in calculations or metrics or by using mathematics calculus
using balance & options which measure the distance of the patient’s ability to sustain. Which is calculated and
given value which equals out to the power of prayer or notating how much prayer the patient used. “Though
measurement issues are inherently important to empirical researchers, they are also relevant to healthcare
providers, social workers, clinical psychologist, and virtually any applied professional in the helping
disciplines, which, in the case of the RS variable, would include religious leader such as clergy, youth leaders,
spiritual directors chaplains, and the like” (Plante & Thoresen, 2007, p. 26). When doing a research so once all
data is collected the measures are by law and by are the measurements like religious policies that carry weight
and value, so must be the measurement findings. “Therefore, when beginning the search for RS measures,
theoretical clarity is imperative” (Hill, 2000, p.27). Within measures you use pros and cons to measure and
balance equally so the beams must be accurate. “The two most important technical issues to consider are the
scale’s reliability and validity. The more reliable and valid a measure is, the more useful it is for conducting
scientific research” (Plante & Thoresen, 2007, p. 27). Within the research study there will be measurements
that will be done in a permitted amount of time for measurements in a certain time and space within the study is
also a theology and time is truth and gives accurate measurements, so all research must be accurate within these
indexes and truthful or they are called mull or null research reports with no standing ground. In due time the

truth of the experiment will manifest or be a null hypothesis! “In inferential statistics, the term "null
hypothesis" usually refers to a general statement or default position that there is no relationship between two
measured phenomena, or no association among groups.[1]
Rejecting or disproving the null hypothesis—and thus
concluding that there are grounds for believing that there is a relationship between two phenomena (e.g. that a
potential treatment has a measurable effect)—is a central task in the modern practice of science, and gives a
precise criterion for rejecting a hypothesis” (Wikipedia, 2016). Because these index experiments are being
done on people there would be no need for a Beta research based on the severity of the health of the patients in
which the majority of them where cardiac disease patients. “Internal consistency is most often measured by a
statistic called Cronbach’s alpha, which ranges from 0 to 1.0 with a higher value indicating greater consistency.
Alpha levels of RS constructs preferably are above 0.80 but frequently are acceptable around 0.70” (Hill, 2005,
p. 27). When the index and report is created there must be accurate validity or value along with content validity.
This will encompass every aspect of the person spiritual health. There is also constructive validity which is a
form of formulation and formation of a person’s religious & spiritual make up.
Measurement in Specific Religious and Spiritual Domains Related to Health
When you deal with spiritual domains you deal with realms, “Religion and spirituality are complex
multidimensional phenomena. These phenomena’s are realms. When you are using intercessory prayer you
deal with realms and the energy healing. Scales within the spiritual realm can deal with music and levels of
realms and the depth of these realms. Just like the Science of Life called Ayurveda which teaches about life and
death and activation of realms there is also measurements. The question should have been what are the
measurements of the scales and realms of a person if they have no religion at all. “Though numerous
multidimensional measures exist (Hill & Hood devote an entire section of their compendium to
multidimensional measures), one deserves special mention here. The Fetzer Institute/National Institute of
Aging Working Group created a 38 item Multidimensional Measure of Religion and Spirituality that includes
items from 10 different RS domains (8 of which are the domains around which this section is later structured)”

(Fetzer,1999). Even though the Fetzer Institute did a study that eventually created an index it carries no validity
or weight if it cannot give a full hypothesis that includes the measurement of someone whom may leave religion
or recovers after leaving the hospitals care facility.
Being a pure believer, college student, and professional whom is not warped or Semantic in such a way
that I do not see the bottom and top line of the research. For I do not get involved in arguing the fact of
incomplete and indecisive indexes, or experimentation within my own personal life, but as a college student
learner and professional I would like to see the research and hypothesis within a study of those who do not have
religion and what would they do and how would they get healing from prayer or energy work? “The Fetzer-NIA
scale has adequate reliability and validity and has been included in the 1997-1998 General Social Survey (GSS),
A random annual survey of Americans conducted by the National Opinion Research Center, Where the
generalizability of the measure-at least to the U.S. population-was established” (Fetzer,1999). The key name
and phrase is ‘National Opinion Research Center” The information is based mainly on opinions not all facts, but
the facts that where gather leave to many open end questions within the hypothesis that still need to be
answered. Thoresen stated, “Plante and Boccaccini designed the Santa Clara Strength of Religious Faith
Question-naire, which utilizes language open enough to be applicable for the general public, not simply the
“religious.” A short form of the Santa Clara measure has also been developed. Similarly, Piedmont’s Spiritual
Transcendence Scale and Hood’s Mysticism Scale measure a general spiritual orientation that is not limited to
any specific religious tradition. (Piedmont, 1999). Scales also involve balances and within religions and
measurements the scales of religion deal with principalities that a person may struggle with or for and some do
not struggle at all, but within the index their must always be options because God is free will. Many Christian
Believe, “For our struggle is not against flesh and blood, but against the rulers, against the authorities, against
the powers of this dark world and against the spiritual forces of evil in the heavenly realms” (Ephesians 6:12,
BSB). Within the treatment, recovery, and healing of a patient he or she may be going through their own
problems and grief’s, so it is always best that those who monitor and pray for the patient know exactly what it is

the patient needs prayer for and in which areas of the patients life. Every aspect of life including the spice aka
the quality of the patient’s life also has to be taken into consideration the total man or woman. “Hill and
Pargament suggested that those who see the world in largely spiritual terms will likely have a greater
appreciation for the sacred and will see the sacred as encompassing the totality of life” (Hill, P.C. & Pargament,
KI, 2003). When the realms of spirituality are revealed to the patient or person then they respect the power of
the realms within healing and the ones delivering the intercessory prayer. Never the less the patients must still
be able to learn how to tap into the realm of healing and energy for self for becoming a person who can access
multidimensional is something that can actually be taught to the patient in a non-detrimental ways through
access. Purposes for doing research include;
(1) You must be interested in doing the research
(2) You must be clear on what the research is for
(3) Determine the population you plan on targeting for your hypothesis
(4) Always use measurements that include balance, scales, and options
(5) Have a concept and be flexible with your patients. You want to also be analytical where you see both
sides of the spectrum of things. This is usually used within the scale measurements of perception.
Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale (DSES)
The Daily Spiritual Experiences Scale was created to measure an individual’s interaction with the
transcendent on a daily basis. Within the scale there are diverse ranges, “A 38-item scale designed to measure
individual faith and spiritual journey which aims to avoid questions associated with any specific religious
tradition. Respondents answer each question using a 6-point Likert-type scale, ranging from Strongly Disagree
to Strongly Agree” (Underwood, 2002). This scale allows the research team to have a better understanding on
how the patient communicates with the transcendent, how they pray, what they think in regards to a Superior or
Supreme Being, and do they believe in God. Much of this research was pure observation and data collection
with a hypothesis statement “With a respect for theistic traditions built into it, as well as inclusion of items that

are often more widely accessible, the DSES has the capacity to both bridge differences and find common
ground. The experiences addressed have importance to many people and can provide a connection to other
aspects of life. As religious connections becomes stronger for many, and at the same time many people become
alienated from organized religion, this instrument can address the religiousness/spirituality of a variety of kinds
of people. The focus on experience rather than belief helps this, and its intercultural utility has been confirmed
in a variety of cultures world-wide. Differences and similarities may influence various features of life.”
(Underwood, 2011). The DSES scale gives a better understanding of when people become closer to God
when they are sick verses not being sick at all. The DSES monitored the sacred moments of the 83 patients
involved to measure the spirituality which included prayer, belief, practice, and intercessory. To see if there
were any undeviating changes within the patients belief and prayer.
Religious Orientation Scale (ROS)
The ROS experimentation was designed to monitor religious motivation intrinsic and extrinsic
measurements that are commonly used within religion that may encourage a person’s religious participation
and what may make the patient keener to worship and praise. Gorsuch and McPherson applied several decades
worth of research on the ROS to create the 14 Item Revised Religious Orientation Scale (what they called I-
E/R), which is perhaps the best measure of intrinsic and extrinsic religious orientation available: (Gorsuch &
McPherson, 1989). The shortcomings of the research may contribute to factors of not having enough data that
is informative to after the experimentation of what may happen to the patient’s condition, health, lively hood,
and outcome. The measurement of a conversion of religion, a person becoming a believer, or atheist is also a
major factor within the scale. This information contributes to how the person depends and does not depend on
religion as a person or dedicated parishioner, believer, and petitioner. In regards to the ROS index Thoresen
wrote, “This willingness to enter into “an open-ended, responsive dialogue with existential questions raised
by the contradictions and tragedies of life” exemplifies what they refer to as a quest religious orientation for
which they have developed a specific measure” (Gorsuch & McPherson, 1989). The measurements that are

collected through written data and calculated from beginning to end of the experiment measure the patients’
spiritual belief from start and make note if any changes occur during the patient’s treatment.
Duke Religious Index
The Duke Religious Index which is also called the- DUREL – is used by private spiritual practices
whenever they request a spiritual study be done on a patient. According to Thoresen whom stated within his
book Spirit, Science, and Health, “The Duke Religious Index (DUREL) has a “non organizational or private
religious expression” scale consisting of one item. The entire DUREL consists of five items, measures
organizational and intrinsic religiousness in addition to non organizational religiousness, and has good
psychometric properties” (Thoresen, 2007). Other scales that may have been used in conjunction with the –
DUREL- scale is the (CRS) The Centrality of Religiosity Scale which was formed by Stefan Huber 1,
* and
Odilo W. Huber; Faculty of Theology, Interreligious Studies, University of Berne, Unitobler,
Länggassstrasse 51, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland, Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Rue de
Faucigny 2, CH-1700 Fribourg, Switzerland; When we think or learn about Dianetics which is a conditional
state (pertaining to going through the net of the mind). When does the Dianetics and the build and
manifesting within the mind make a person ill turning into possible Diabetics (pertaining to what makes the
mind stupid · unintelligent · ignorant · dense · brainless). Often we see within bodily illness a form of mental
illness evident within that patient state of being whom have developed diabetes and other diseases like cancer,
hepatitis, pancreatic cancer, gallbladder disease, and sometime from too much fungus within the blood that
spreads through a sinus infection. Sickness and illness can also affect the relationship a person has with God,
religion, and their spirituality. Much of these religious scales can monitor the mind and how it manifest,
changes, or develops over time. This can also be done through aging, life changes, and religious practice
changes for willing coessential patients.

Rather you are a religious group or denomination the support while going through any religious index is
required if not then the index should be voided. “Kahn and Antonucci speak of a suppon convoy, which
consists of a group of like-minded people who share similar worldview and values and who will walk through
life together” (Kahn & Antonucci, 1980). Qualitative research is an excellent way to collect data in regards to
the quality of the experiment and elevated spirituality that a patient may obtain during their experimentation.
How Doctors fail when putting a patient into an index scale experiment is by not choosing the correct
experiment for that patient.
One the patient has to fully understand that they will be included into an experimentation and what will
happen this includes legal documentation and all with no hidden agenda i.e. no thief of any kind, forged
signature, or deplorable state of condition unless this is explained to the willing patient in person and writing.
Many researchers learned about bad research practices through the Kaiser Tribunal Trials, The Immortal Life of
Henrietta Lacks, and the Tuskegee Experiments These measures must be taken to prevent the patient from
obtain harm, poverty, and un-willing practices by the Doctors and contributors. Like before there must always
be a purpose for the research. With all research we learn by watching and then doing through what is called trial
and error within the medical field. Religion can be an extreme sensitive thing to many and others who are
learning it may not be taken in such a solemn way.
Much of the influence of the research is also the PIE of the person which is considered the (Person in
Environment). How does the person’s environment influence their religious belief and their healing and
recovery process? The learning process of children and adults are contributed much through the environment
they live in and work in. Within learning standards make up much of the cognitive learning process and these
standards are usually given to us by teachers, peers, and parents. This also is the norm for religious and
spiritual beliefs as well! Muslims and some believer believe, “Islam celebrates Muhammad as a “beautiful
exemplar” (uswa hasana, Qur’an 33:21). Hindu scriptures affirm that “What the outstanding person does, others
will try to do. The standards such people create will be followed by the whole world” (Bhagavad Gita 3:21).

The Bhagavad Gita went on to say, “9. Endowed with eight special qualities Kalki Avatar will be endowed
with eight special qualities. These qualities are wisdom, respectable lineage, self-control, revealed knowledge,
valour, measured speech, utmost charity and gratitude. Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) had all these eight special
qualities.a) Wisdom – He was very wise. It is no wonder that several people approached him for guidance, even
before he claimed to be a prophet. Peace be Upon the Prophet Muhammad!
Much of the standards of religion consist of; Belief, practices, and models this all helps the child and the
adult to put spirituality into a perspective within their own life through growth spiritual and physical and health
wise. To sum is “A spiritual modeling perspective seeks to understand the combined implications of these two
principles” (Plante & Thoresen, 2007). Good understanding for the patient and the Doctor; why taking blood
has nothing to do with spirituality, but clean and unclean behavior does, so standards and moral character
always play a vital influence within any experimentation data collection and notation.
Why It is Important for Patients to Believe While Healing
Once again it is mind over what is the matter. The mind being a powerful tool that can heal the entire
body if the patient believes and is taught the proper way to heal themselves through classes i.e. Pranic healing,
Reiki, Holistic studies, energy healing, light workers, and alternative medicine. The patient can also learn how
to meditate properly to even see the source of sickness and heal that way. When it comes to believe there really
does not have to be any practice to become a believer. Believing is usually done through doing and seeing or
even a great phenomenon of some kind. When it comes to believe ritual does not have to even exist most
patients just KNOW! Some may believe or become believers through spirituality which may come through or
from isolation, comfort, awakening, or a near death experience like illness. “In the SMHF framework, effects
from spiritual models are not seen as arising totally independently of a person’s spiritual beliefs and practices.
Rather, spiritual models, beliefs, and practices are seen as interacting and mutually supportive, perhaps akin to
different food groups within a balanced diet” (Plante & Thoresen, 2007). Usually within religion there are;

Spiritual Models (A person, place, or thing), Spiritual Practices (ritual), and Beliefs (facts, seeing, doing,
miracles, and phenomena’s). When it comes to meditation do what works because repetitive ritual that gives
temporary fixes calls for better measurements. The patient the person must find their religious stick or what
works best for self their mind body, and soul In spirituality there are always cue words that can cause healing
maybe a time in your life when you felt good, maybe a song or poem. What can trigger spiritual awakening
healing etc. can also involve DUA prayers, Mantras’ for meditations and possible Biblical Passages. Even
reading many of the Holy Books like the Bible, Koran, Torah (Tanach), Ayurveda, and Veda Books can give
the patient insight on holistic healing. Bases: Every plant and food within these books where mentioned only for
holistic properties for healing purposes!
Teaching the patient I n I which is inspiration and integrated meditation! Thoresen stated, “A fourth
intervention that supports learning from spiritual models is a well-studied form of meditation called
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), or Mindfulness Training, developed by Jon Kabat-Zinn at the
University of Massachusetts Medical School. MBSR teaches a type of sitting meditation, which involves
focusing the mind on the breath. Considerable evidence now suggests that MBSR fosters better health outcomes
among patient groups” (2007, p. 50). The patient themselves can also create a list of Biblical text that they may
want to integrate into their life (what they want) to help them heal per the patient. This is what you call
integrated meditation. From chanting a mantra or through reciting a Biblical text, Surah, or Dua prayer it is up
to the patient. “A final intervention that supports learning from spiritual models involves an integrated set of
practices, called the Eight Point Program (EPP). The EPP provides many opportunities to learn from spiritual
models, as described in detail by Flinders, Oman, and Flinders (this volume). The core of the EPP is a form of
sitting meditation, termed passage meditation” (Plante & Thoresen, 2007, p. 50). Often vibration sounds along
with, intention cause healing but the patient stull must believe in conjunction with the meditation.

Meditation
Meditation can become perennial simply for the reason of comfort, healing, and preventative
measurements, “The importance accorded meditation by the perennial philosophy-the common core of wisdom
and worldview that lies at the heart of each of the great religions –is based on three crucial assumptions;
assumptions that speak to vital aspects of our nature and potential as human beings” (Plante & Thoresen, 2007,
p. 56). Meditation is a state that cause awareness on something and helps the person to focus in a state of being.
The meditation of a person can be done to foster; joy, happiness, bliss, relief and self-awareness. Meditation
can also be done to manifest a reality into existence. “A common division is into concentration and awareness
types of meditation. Concentration practices attempt to focus awareness on a single object such as the breath or
a mantra (internal sound)” (Plante & Thoresen, 2007, p. 59). Breathing exercises help the patient client from
drawing inward and help them to focus on the more important things within life rather than what may be
bothering them within their mind and body. “The type of attention: Concentration meditations aim for
continuous focus primarily on one object, such as the breath or an inner sound. Awareness or open meditations
aim for fluid attention to multiple or successively chosen objects” (Plante & Thoresen, 2007, p. 59). This form
of medication helps with oxygen flow within the body helping the cells to breathe and rejuvenate the molecular
cell structure often damaged from sickness and disease.
Meditation is a form of waking up to body, mind, and soul within the reality to what is in the now.
According to Abraham Maslow who’s theology I do not use, “…what we call ‘normal’ in psychology is reality
a psychopathology of the average, so undramatic and so widely spread that we don’t even notice it ordinarily”
(1968). The meditative state makes you look a bit deeper into the Psych or subconscious mind to find the
problem or the solution to your problem. Meditation is a form of making yourself whole. Even when you are
working and focusing on a project that is a form of meditation. “Walsh identified traditional aims of meditation
practice as including “the development of deep insight into the nature of mental processes, consciousness,

identity, and reality, and the development of optimal states of psychological well-being and consciousness”
(Walsh, 1999, p. 19). The total aim is to achieve optimal health and well-being.
This would be body, mind, and soul which is focusing on self and self only during the time of healing.
Teaching the patient I n I which is inspiration and integrated meditation! Thoresen stated, “A fourth
intervention that supports learning from spiritual models is a well-studied form of meditation called
Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), or Mindfulness Training, developed by Jon Kabat-Zinn at the
University of Massachusetts Medical School. MBSR teaches a type of sitting meditation, which involves
focusing the mind on the breath. Considerable evidence now suggests that MBSR fosters better health outcomes
among patient groups” (2007, p. 50). The Doctor and involved Medical Center/University should always allow
the patient participant to create their own model if need be to find out what works for them. People are different
based off weight, height, skin color, and hair type. What condition one man/woman has may not be the case of
patient number 2. If you quote the 23 psalms that may not be needed for the 1st
patient my motto is ‘every
person is not walking through the valley of the shadow of death, so why use that bible verse. Vibrational
meditation may be needed for patient number 2.
Analysis of Research
When doing an analysis of recent research there are factors to take into consideration like cognition and
creativity, interpersonal relationships, long term retreats, self-concept, empathy, and spirituality. “One hundred
and fifty-four Chinese high school students were randomized into a TM group or a napping group. At 6 month
follow-up the TM group showed improvement on creativity, anxiety, information processing time, and practical
intelligence as compared to the contemplation group” (So, 2001, p. 61). What the experiment proved is how
rest helped the condition of the mind to help students’ better focus, create, and think.

The Eight Point Program
A program that was created at the University of California, Berkeley which was developed specifically
to help students particularly college students who were planning on entering into the working world. The
program was created and developed in 1960, but it was later structured in 1910-1999 by Eknath Easwaran. “The
EPP enlist classical contemplative practices likes meditation and mantram repetition to support laypeople as
they address the daily challenges of today’s time-pressured, multitasking, relentlessly competitive workplace”
(Easwaran, 1991/1978, p.72). The points within the eight point program to help students focus are: 1. Passage
Meditation; distractions, 2. Mantram Repetition; negative thinking 3. Slowing Down; chronic hurry, 4. One
Pointed Attention; compulsive, 5. Training the Senses; sensory overload, 6. Putting Others First; self-absorption
7.Spiritual Association; social and spiritual isolation, and 8. Inspirational Reading Total EPP program;
disillusion. “The Epp Systematically reconciles a householder’s need for daily coping supports with a deep
contemplative engagement with wisdom traditions, traditionally a prerogative of monastics and religious
orders” (Plante & Thoresen, 2007, p. 90). To this date I am not certain if Easwaran still teaches classes at UC
Berkeley but after the enrollment of over 500 students who needed to deal with the stress of everyday life. The
current yoga classes available that deal with meditation and breathing are; Hatha Yoga, Vinyasa Yoga,
Restorative Yoga, and Sports Yoga.
When Yoga is performed often meditation works in conjunction with Mantrams/Mantrans which are
words or phrases that create a vibrational sound. In this regard, mantram repetition is similar to “thought
stopping,” a well-known technique from behavioral therapy. Furthermore, by interrupting rumination or other
maladaptive (“fight or flight”) responses to stress, a mantram may help elicit the opposite of a physiological
stress response, the relaxation response” (Benson, 1997, p.97). This is done to create a heighten awareness of
body, mind, and soul. The three philosophical assumptions of Mantrams are: (1) all humans inherently possess
access to a reservoir of spiritual resources experienced as peace, loving kindness, compassion, goodness,
altruism, joy, health, and wholeness. (2) These resources often go untapped because our minds are agitated and

unaware of them. (3) Mantram repetition is a tool to focus, calm, and quiet the mind, enabling us to tap these
spiritual resources. Within the Eastern Philosophy of Islam they use DUA which are recited repeatedly that
have the same affect but work to help the student/patient with clarity of self and life.
Compassion, Promoting Greater Health, Religion/Spirituality
Often times people mistake compassion as feeling someone else’s pain when it is the complete opposite!
Compassion can be defined as, “(1) an awareness of another’s pain perception of reality, an d psychological
state; (2) a feeling of kindness; (3) a desire to alleviate the suffering; and (4) doing what is within one’s power
and ability to alleviate the suffering” (Plante &Thoresen, 2007, p. 116). Within Spirit, Science, and Health
Thoresen elaborated in-depth about compassion and the mind and how the mind reacts to compassion. He also
gave more depiction in regards to compassion and world religion, compassion and health, compassion and
negative emotions, positive emotions and health, religion/spirituality and health, volunteering, and forgiveness.
Thoresen stated, “Helping others was significantly correlated with the compassionate view of others subscale on
the Ironson-Woods Spirituality/Religiousness Index. Having a compassionate view of others was also correlated
with healthier psychosocial status, increased social support, helping others, disclosing HIV status to partners,
and longer survival status” (2007, p. 122). Those who give compassion must understand the importance of
‘Self Preservation’ take care of self-first then you can take care of others.
Having too much compassion is often seen by care givers, community workers, and family members
taking care of love ones with health issues. For some people, demonstrating a high level of compassion for
others can lead to feeling overwhelmed by their suffering, and can result in emotional and physical costs rather
than benefits. “Compassion fatigue” or “caregiver burnout” (Plante & Thoresen, 2007, p. 123). Compassion
for self as well as others is needed. Often times you see this caregiver burnout when woman are taking care of
their husbands that may be sick and ailing often times people forget to ask the caregivers are they ok and how
are they doing as well. The caregivers need compassion as well! Having good understanding that empathy and

sympathy are necessary within practice and experimentation along with caregiving of patients and clients this
lets the patient have an understanding of, ‘I do not feel your pain, but I have compassion for you and
understand somewhat of what you are going through.’ Being of the healing world I understand compassion, but
I understand caring for self as well as a Reiki Master Teacher.
Spirituality and Dealing with Sickness and Death
The call in life is of extreme importance and it helps people find their place within their calling! Even
through sickness a person may find out what their calling in life is and what is required of them i.e. maps and
compass. “Whenever we face new challenges or complain of anxiety, depression, or a host of other problems,
we have another opportunity to discover our callings, to ask, “What should I do with my life? “A calling or
vocation (from the Latin, vocare) originally meant to be called by God to celibate religious life?” (Plante &
Thoresen, 2007, p. 129). The protocol that must be involved even when doing research must involve;
Discovery; of self, Detachment; things that make us sick or not well in life, Discernment; be aware of self,
people, and our surroundings, and Direction; which way are you going in life?
When researchers do conduct their experimentation in regards to religion and spirituality it is always
best to address the patient’s total life to find solutions and resolution of the illness. To make the patient a whole
they want to find out about past life issues which include; work, relationships, education, life style i.e. drugs &
alcohol and other factors that may help or hinder healing. “Commonly used measures such as strength of
religious faith, spiritual salience, and private or public religious activities might be considered in part as
reflections of an individual’s R/S orienting system” (Plante & Thoresen, 2007, p. 156). Factors to take into
consideration when dealing with preventative measurements and screening are; Health Behaviors, Screening
Practices, and Treatment Decisions. “Other investigators have begun to explore religious responses to care at
the end of life rather than during earlier phases of diagnosis and treatment (see Chapter 12 for a more extensive
discussion). End-of-life care has become a topic of considerable concern in both medical and public discourse,

as reflected most poignantly in the recent Terri Schiavo case” (Plante & Thoresen, 2007, p. 162). Within Spirit,
Science, and Health Thoresen went on to elaborate on; General R/S Orientation and Adjustment to Cancer,
Initial Approaches to Studying Religious/Spiritual Coping, Multidimensional Approaches to Studying
Religious/Spiritual Coping, Spiritual Outcomes, Religious/Spiritual Interventions. “Other investigations have
focused on patients with advanced disease. Among patients receiving palliative care, religious struggle was
related to poorer overall QOL, while positive religious coping was tied to better QOL, after controlling for
demographics and self-efficacy” (Thoresen, 2007). Within any study the patient’s quality of life must always
be taken into consideration and the humane values must be present within the research and the care of the
patients.
Do you have direction, a map, and a compass? What is your life plan? “Helping people develop their
own vital balance, the calling protocol draws upon their natural resources-their personal strengths and values-to
help them find greater joy and purpose in life” (Plante & Thoresen, 2007, p. 139). Furthermore Thoresen stated
on page 139 of Spirit, Science, and Health, “Finally, the calling protocol turns research in positive psychology
into positive action, for as psychologists Martin Seligman and Christopher Peterson have affirmed, “The best
therapists do not merely heal damage: they help people identify and build their strengths and their virtues”
(Seligman, M.E.P. & Peterson, 2003). “The key word is ‘Action’ taking into action the protocol of the research
which will help the patient to make it through as much as possible, so compassion is needed by the researchers
and the research team. “Longitudinal studies using both quantitative and qualitative approaches are needed to
further our understanding of how and for whom spiritual changes unfold over the trajectory of illness.
Additionally, there is a need to explore changes in other related constructs such as spiritual strivings, spiritual
doubts, and found meaning (i.e., order and purpose)” (Emmons, 2005, p. 168). The questions that must still be
answered within religion and spirituality are; Relationship, How do relationships and health change, and
dimensions of health.

Thoresen went onto speak on the topic of HIV/Aids in regards to spirituality and HIV/AIDS. According
to spirituality in the face of HIV as a life-threatening disease, “Few studies examined the role of spirituality in
longevity with HIV. Barosso et al. Discovered themes among long-term non-progressors with HIV to which
they attributed their health. The four themes were: finding meaning in HIV/AIDS, taking care of their health
(physical and mental), perceiving human connectedness (supportive relationships and helping others), and
spirituality (belief in a supportive, protective higher power, and surrender to a higher power” (2007, p. 176).
Thoresen went on to discuss; Antiretroviral Treatment-The Quantum Change in the History of HIV, Spirituality
in the Face of HIV as a Chronic Disease, Spirituality, Depressive Symptoms, and the Health of People with
HIV/Aids, Spiritual Coping as a Path to Turning HIV into a Positive Life Change, Spirituality as a Source of
Hope and Coping with HIV, Spiritual Growth and HIV Disease Progression. “In contrast to Ironson et al.,
Milam did not find a relationship between posttraumatic growth and HIV disease progression over 19 months in
412 people with HIV (87 percent male; 40 percent Latin, 39 percent white, 15 percent African American).
However, all participants were taking ART and the observational period was too brief to expect meaningful
disease progression. In addition, spiritual change is just one aspect of the Posttraumatic Growth Index, which
also includes new possibilities, relating to others, personal strength, and appreciation of life” (Plante &
Thoresen, 2007, p. 184). Teaching the patient themselves to tap into the scale of the realms for healing through
meditation, chants, vibrational sound, energy, and believing changing their though process can help reverse
diagnoses, and conditions!
Spirituality, Religion and the Quality of Care at the End of Life
Within the majority of the studies that were used as an example within Thoresen Spirit, Science, and
Health book focus on patients who are ill or at the end of their life cycle. The majority of these patients have
cardiac disease, cancer, Aids, and other life threating diseases and ailments. The bottom-line question is do
patients become more spiritual when faced with death or do they stray away from spirituality, religion, and what
man calls God! “Spirituality is a term that has proven difficult to define. Despite this elusive quality, the notion

resonates in our postmodern world, as a past sources of authority such as religious traditions are called into
question and individuals are left to construct meaning as best they can” (Plante & Thoresen, 2007, p. 191).
Remarking Thoresen writings he made note on specific topics to reiterate what he was elaborating on in regards
to spirituality, religion, and the quality of care at the end of life. Within research and development many
scholars and collegiate students will have to also put emphasis on specific topics, phases, along with stages of a
person’s health, healing, and death based on religion, race, and culture. Topics of discussion, study, and
elaboration would be;
 The Meaning of Death in Western Tradition and Contemporary Practice
 Specific Spiritual Issues at the End of Life
 Suffering and Wholeness
 Human Finitude and Destiny
 Hope and Hopelessness
 Best Practices: Suggestions for the Care of Dying People
Findings
Within the studies they did not give enough information on what the patient implemented into their daily
life, they did not tell readers about life style living after the experiment, they did not tell readers if the patients
where in prisons, or what type of torment and chastisement was given for not cooperating while being imperiled
to forced religion, and they did not let us the collegiate reader know how they were tapping into the
patient/subjects realm of worship, praise, health, spirituality, and holistic state of becoming whole. What I and
other collegiate students would more than like to know is who these people are before the study and what made
them want to become part of such a study during illness? A person that does not believe in giving your life to
Jesus, but being one who may fellowship, and give thanks to a higher power or source within the realms, my
question is did these people give their lives to Jesus? For many do not know that you can be Christian or a

believer without giving their life to Jesus or being raised to become whole! Another question that needs to be
answered is where these patients promised something and where they properly compensated. All aspects of
these questions must be answered truthfully in full report honestly in order for professionals, researchers, and
students to have the proper and accurate accounts of the indexes and experiments for study purposes. I am not
attempting to denigrate the research teams by any means at all, but all reports and research in this magnitude
must full, complete, and honest in all it’s worth. The questionnaire must be more in depth to be accurate and
honest.
Conclusion
Within this collegiate book of study which is very informative in all its right. Thoresen went in-depth to
give full detail in regards to the diverse indexes that where mentioned including the diverse experimentations
that were also given review and analytical debate. More researchers would make more of a profound statement
and hypothesis if they included holistic measurement and also gave more of a clear report in regards to follow
up of patient’s life and care. Another part of the indexes and data collected is the truth of the patients, and the
quality of their care that is being administered to them while they are obtaining treatment, and also a participant
in the study. Today many organization are using religious indexes that cultivate harsh punishment on the
members which I do believe is illegal in all its forms, but it is also based off the society that you live in along
with the country. To me signing up to be part of a torment or chastising religious experiment that creates a
deplorable living environment and conditions would be out of the question.
As a collegiate person who studied other researches with analytical review I always tried to get a good
understanding of whom these people are who would sign up for these types of experimentations that indexed
them in some sort of brutal and in-human way? There are also experimentations that do the complete opposite,
but at what cost and penalty? After you given the patient these chores to do (reading, praying, meditation,
chanting, and healing by the way they eat and exercise) then do an assessment of their condition in part to make

a whole report. Something else I would recommend for patients while they are still capable is to work (paid
work), volunteer, and always get a breath of fresh air (smell the flowers). This information should also be noted
on the data report to see if them getting out the house, working, and enjoying life makes a difference. Any
isolation index or experimentation I would consider null unless the patient agreed upon this. Note: I would
never recommend this for any patient, researcher, or myself! I know for me going to church and praying was
something that I learned and choose to do, but never was forced to attend Sunday service except for when I
went to my Grandmother’s home during vacation and holiday.
Being a woman who is non bias in regards to the experimentation, atheist, or even religion I was able to
take an in-depth look into some aspects of religion. What I have learned is when you force someone to do
something they will reject it. Allowing a person to make their own choices on what religious teaching they
want to choose or even if they want to choose religion at all this includes prayer during healing and how one
prays or mediates to their Supreme God or Being. Thoresen touched on two experimentations that seem to carry
grounds for truth and not possibly not be considered a null hypothesis (TM group p. 61 and Mrs. X p. 65). How
a person calls in the energies of the All in All is completely on the patient that is dying or healing. In other
words for a researcher to get the upmost results allow the patient to live as normal as possible, but add to their
regimen what they want and like and seeing what worked and did no work. Research studies should never force
anyone within any experiment to accept religion for the patient will be a fraudulent follower. During dying or
healing the person may be fighting for their life and it is always best to ask or see what works best for survival
of the subject. The patient must remember along with the researcher is self-preservation is key and law to life
and as a college person and student I would not give up my preservation of a well life nor would I request one
of my subject.
Spiritual and healthcare integration is unlikely to be a trendy fad. People have been interested in
spiritual and religious matters for thousands of years. It is only more recently that modern medicine and
healthcare as professions and as disciplines has evolved to better accommodate and accept these interests and

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