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![Parameter Settings
C is the amp-hour battery capacity [Ah]
– e.g. C = 0.3, 1.4, or 2.8 [Ah]
NS is the number of cells in series
– e.g. NS=1 for 1 cell battery, NS=2 for 2 cells
battery (battery voltage is double from 1 cell)
SOC is the initial state of charge in percent
– e.g. SOC=0 for a empty battery (0%), SOC=1 for
a full charged battery (100%)
TSCALE turns TSCALE seconds into a second
– e.g. TSCALE=60 turns 60s or 1min into a second,
TSCALE=3600 turns 3600s or 1h into a second,
• From the Li-Ion Battery specification, the model is characterized by setting parameters
C, NS, SOC and TSCALE.
Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 14
Model Parameters:
+ -
U1
LI-ION_BATTERY
SOC = 1
NS = 1
TSCALE = 1
C = 1.4
(Default values)
1.1 リチウムイオン電池のシンプルモデル
SPICE](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/spicematlabevhev12jun2015-150629064259-lva1-app6891-150703001505-lva1-app6892/85/SPICE-MATLAB-EV-HEV-14-320.jpg)
![4. Concept of the Model
29
Li-Ion battery
Simplified Simulink Model
[Spec: C, NS]
Adjustable SOC : 0-100(%)
+
-
• The model is characterized by parameters: C, which represent the battery
capacity and SOC, which represent the battery initial capacity level.
• Open-circuit voltage (VOC) vs. SOC is included in the model as a behavioral
model.
• NS (Number of Cells in series) is used when the Li-ion cells are in series to
increase battery voltage level.
Output
Characteristics
Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015
1.1 リチウムイオン電池のシンプルモデル
MATLAB](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/spicematlabevhev12jun2015-150629064259-lva1-app6891-150703001505-lva1-app6892/85/SPICE-MATLAB-EV-HEV-29-320.jpg)
![VB
VIN
5V
1
Tscale
100
Soc
V
+
I
+
-
SENSE_IBAT
PSS
PS S
OUTPUT
1
Ns
NS
C
Tscale
%SOC
VSOC
PLUS
MINUS
LI-ION_BATTERY
ICHG
0.5C (700mA)1.4
Capacity
5. Pin Configurations
C is the amp-hour battery capacity [Ah]
– e.g. C = 0.2, 1.4, or 2.0 [Ah]
NS is the number of cells in series
– e.g. NS=1 for 1 cell battery, NS=2 for 2 cells
battery (battery voltage is double from 1 cell)
SOC is the initial state of charge in percent
– e.g. SOC=0 for a empty battery (0%), SOC=100
for a full charged battery (100%)
TSCALE turns TSCALE seconds into a second
– e.g. TSCALE=60 turns 60s or 1min into a second
TSCALE=3600 turns 3600s or 1h into a second
• From the Li-Ion Battery specification, the model is characterized by setting parameters
C, NS, SOC and TSCALE.
30
Model Parameters:
Probe
“SOC”
Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015
1.1 リチウムイオン電池のシンプルモデル
MATLAB](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/spicematlabevhev12jun2015-150629064259-lva1-app6891-150703001505-lva1-app6892/85/SPICE-MATLAB-EV-HEV-30-320.jpg)
![Parameters Settings
Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 82
LOAD : Load current each phase of motor [Arms]
– e.g. LL = 125Arms, 140Arms, or 400Arms
LL : Phase inductance [H]
– e.g. LL = 10mH, 100mH, or 1H
RLL : Phase resistance (Phase-to-phase) [Ω]
– e.g. RLL = 10mΩ, 100mΩ, or 1Ω
KE : Back-EMF constant [V/RPM]
– e.g. KE= 0.01, 0.05, or 0.1
KT : Torque constant [Lb-in/A]
– e.g. KT= 0.1, 0.5, or 1
1 Pound Inch equals 0.11 Nm
Model Parameters:
Fig. 4 Symbol of 3-Phase Induction Motor
From the 3-Phase Induction Motor specification, the model is characterized by
setting parameters LL, RLL, KE, KT and LOAD.
M N0
U1
ME0913
LL = 105U
LOAD = 140
KT = 1.6
KE = 0.02
RLL = 0.0125
1
2
3
4
4. ACモーターのスパイスモデルとインバータ回路全体シミュレーション](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/spicematlabevhev12jun2015-150629064259-lva1-app6891-150703001505-lva1-app6892/85/SPICE-MATLAB-EV-HEV-82-320.jpg)
![Time
0.5s 1.0s
100*( (RMS(V(U,N0))*RMS(I(RU))) / (RMS(V(RU:1,N0))*RMS(I(RU))) )
0
50
100
(962.500m,81.941)
RMS(V(RU:1,N0))*RMS(I(RU))
0W
10KW
20KW
SEL>>
(960.616m,13.662K)
Power Output and Efficiency Characteristics At 140Arms
- Simulation Results
Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 87
Fig. 9 Power Output and Efficiency Characteristics at Load=140Arms
At Load=140Arms, Power Output ≈ 13.7 [KW]
At Load=140Arms, Efficiency ≈ 82 [%]
Watt
[%]
Reference of Phase U
4. ACモーターのスパイスモデルとインバータ回路全体シミュレーション](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/spicematlabevhev12jun2015-150629064259-lva1-app6891-150703001505-lva1-app6892/85/SPICE-MATLAB-EV-HEV-87-320.jpg)
![Block Diagram
Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 94
MG 3-phase rectifier Buck Li-Ion Battery
ChargeIGBT:300A/600V Step-down voltage
Maximum Voltage=4.2[V]
Capacity(CAh)=50[Ah]
Amount of Batteries(N)=85Cells
Vin=480[Vrms]
Vout=630[V]5
Vin=630[V] 5
Vout=200-360[V]
Frequency=50[Hz]
VMAX=400[V]
5.回生回路(発電機)全体シミュレーション](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/spicematlabevhev12jun2015-150629064259-lva1-app6891-150703001505-lva1-app6892/85/SPICE-MATLAB-EV-HEV-94-320.jpg)
Uploaded byTsuyoshi Horigome
自動車業界向けSPICE(MATLAB)を活用した EV・HEVシミュレーションセミナーのプレゼン資料
自動車業界向けSPICE(MATLAB)を活用した EV・HEVシミュレーションセミナーのプレゼン資料
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自動車業界向けSPICE(MATLAB)を活用した EV・HEVシミュレーションセミナーのプレゼン資料
- 1. 1.二次電池のスパイスモデル 1.1リチウムイオン電池 (SPICEモデル及びMATLABモデル) 1.2ニッケル水素電池 (SPICEモデル及びMATLABモデル) 2.インバータ回路の表現方法 3.IGBTのスパイスモデル 4.ACモーターのスパイスモデルとインバータ回路全体シミュレーション 5.回生回路(発電機)全体シミュレーション 6.質疑応答 自動車業界向けSPICE(MATLAB)を活用した EV・HEVシミュレーションセミナー 2015年6月11日 ビー・テクノロジー 堀米 毅 1Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015
- 2.
- 3. 【環境発電(エナジーハーベスト)分野】 発電デバイス+ハーベストIC+アプリケーション回路 【生体信号分野】 ⇒人体のSPICEモデル＋電子回路シミュレーション (1)心臓 (2)脳＋神経 (3)血液 【教育分野】 (1)実務向けオンサイトセミナー ⇒企業向け教育プログラムの提供及び実施 (2)教育用プログラム ⇒LTspiceで回路学習+キットで実機学習 光起電力(太陽電池) 振動発電(ピエゾ素子) 温度差発電(ペルチェ素子) ＋ ハーベストIC ＋アプリケーション回路 対象の市場 3Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015
- 4.
- 5. Copyright(C) Siam BeeTechnologies 2015 5 モデル⇒SPICEモデル テンプレート⇒回路(回路方式)のテンプレート ツール⇒Pspice,LTspice 設計支援を行っている領域
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- 8. Copyright(C) Siam BeeTechnologies 2015 8 回路方式 降圧チョッパ 昇圧チョッパ 昇降圧チョッパ フォワード フライバック フルブリッジ ハーフブリッジ プッシュプル CUK SEPIC ZETA 絶縁CUK 電圧共振 電流共振 共振 E級共振 複共振 アクティブクランプ 位相シフト 同期整流 電流モード 力率改善 マルチフェーズ 電流型 三相フルブリッジインバータ 電源回路分野でカスタムデザインキットを対応した シミュレーションのテンプレート
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- 13. Copyright(C) Siam BeeTechnologies 2015 13 1.1 リチウムイオン電池のシンプルモデル PSpice Version LTspice Version MATLAB Version
- 14. Parameter Settings C isthe amp-hour battery capacity [Ah] – e.g. C = 0.3, 1.4, or 2.8 [Ah] NS is the number of cells in series – e.g. NS=1 for 1 cell battery, NS=2 for 2 cells battery (battery voltage is double from 1 cell) SOC is the initial state of charge in percent – e.g. SOC=0 for a empty battery (0%), SOC=1 for a full charged battery (100%) TSCALE turns TSCALE seconds into a second – e.g. TSCALE=60 turns 60s or 1min into a second, TSCALE=3600 turns 3600s or 1h into a second, • From the Li-Ion Battery specification, the model is characterized by setting parameters C, NS, SOC and TSCALE. Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 14 Model Parameters: + - U1 LI-ION_BATTERY SOC = 1 NS = 1 TSCALE = 1 C = 1.4 (Default values) 1.1 リチウムイオン電池のシンプルモデル SPICE
- 15. • The batteryinformation refer to a battery part number LIR18500 of EEMB BATTERY. Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 15 + - U1 LI-ION_BATTERY SOC = 1 NS = 1 TSCALE = 60 C = 1.4 Battery capacity is input as a model parameter Nominal Voltage 3.7V Nominal Capacity Typical 1400mAh (0.2C discharge) Charging Voltage 4.20V±0.05V Charging Std. Current 700mA Max Current Charge 1400mA Discharge 2800mA Discharge cut-off voltage 2.75V 1.1 リチウムイオン電池のシンプルモデル SPICE
- 16. Time 0s 50s 100s150s 200s 1 V(HI) 2 I(IBATT) 3.0V 3.2V 3.4V 3.6V 3.8V 4.0V 4.2V 4.4V 1 0A 0.4A 0.6A 0.8A 1.0A 1.2A 1.4A 2 SEL>>SEL>> V(X_U1.SOC) 0V 0.2V 0.4V 0.6V 0.8V 1.0V + - U1 LI-ION_BATTERY SOC = 0 NS = 1 TSCALE = 60 C = 1.4 Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 16 • Charging Voltage: 4.20V±0.05V • Charging Current: 700mA (0.5 Charge) Current=700mA Voltage=4.20V Capacity=100% (minute) Measurement Simulation SOC=0 means battery start from 0% of capacity (empty) 1.1 リチウムイオン電池のシンプルモデル SPICE
- 17. PARAMETERS: rate = 0.5 CAh= 1.4 N = 1 0 Vin 5V IBATT + - U1 LI-ION_BATTERY SOC = 0 NS = {N} TSCALE = 60 C = 1.4 0 C1 10n HI IN- OUT+ OUT- IN+ G1 Limit(V(%IN+, %IN-)/0.1m, 0, rate*CAh ) 0 Voch {(4.20*N)-8.2m} DMOD D1 0 *Analysis directives: .TRAN 0 200 0 0.5 .PROBE V(*) I(*) W(*) D(*) NOISE(*) Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 17 1 minute in seconds Over-Voltage Protector: (Charging Voltage*1) - VF of D1 Input Voltage 1.1 リチウムイオン電池のシンプルモデル SPICE
- 18. Time 0s 100s 200s300s 400s V(HI) 2.6V 2.8V 3.0V 3.2V 3.4V 3.6V 3.8V 4.0V 4.2V 4.4V 0 + - U1 LI-ION_BATTERY SOC = 1 NS = 1 TSCALE = 60 C = 1.4 HI 0 0 IN- OUT+ OUT- IN+ G1 limit(V(%IN+, %IN-)/0.1m, 0, rate*CAh ) PARAMETERS: rate = 1 CAh = 1.4 C1 10n sense *Analysis directives: .TRAN 0 300 0 0.5 .STEP PARAM rate LIST 0.2,0.5,1 .PROBE V(*) I(*) W(*) D(*) NOISE(*) Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 18 0.2C 0.5C 1C (minute) TSCALE turns 1 minute in seconds, battery starts from 100% of capacity (fully charged) • Battery voltage vs. time are simulated at 0.2C, 0.5C, and 1C discharge rates. 1.1 リチウムイオン電池のシンプルモデル SPICE
- 19. 0 + - U1 LI-ION_BATTERY SOC =1 NS = 1 TSCALE = 60 C = 1.4 HI 0 0IN- OUT+ OUT- IN+ G1 limit(V(%IN+, %IN-)/0.1m, 0, rate*CAh ) PARAMETERS: rate = 0.2 CAh = 1.4 C1 10n sense Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 19 *Analysis directives: .TRAN 0 296.82 0 0.5 .PROBE V(*) I(*) W(*) D(*) NOISE(*) 1 minute in seconds 1.1 リチウムイオン電池のシンプルモデル SPICE
- 20. + - U1 LI-ION_BATTERY SOC =1 NS = 4 TSCALE = 60 C = 4.4 • The battery information refer to a battery part number PBT-BAT-0001 of BAYSUN Co., Ltd. Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 20 The number of cells in series is input as a model parameter Output Voltage DC 12.8~16.4V Capacity of Approximately 4400mAh Input Voltage DC 20.5V Charging Time About 5 hours Basic Specification Li-ion needs 4 cells to reach this voltage level 1.1 リチウムイオン電池のシンプルモデル SPICE
- 21. Time 0s 1s 2s3s 4s 5s 6s 7s 8s 9s 10s 1 V(HI) 2 I(IBATT) 12V 13V 14V 15V 16V 17V 18V 1 0A 0.8A 1.2A 1.6A 2.0A 2.4A 2 >> V(X_U1.SOC) 0V 0.2V 0.4V 0.6V 0.8V 1.0V SEL>> Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 21 • Input Voltage: 20.5V • Charging Voltage: 16.8V • Charging Current: 880mA (0.2 Charge) Current=880mA Voltage=16.8V Capacity=100% (hour) The battery needs 5 hours to be fully charged 1.1 リチウムイオン電池のシンプルモデル SPICE
- 22. PARAMETERS: rate = 0.2 CAh= 4.4 N = 4 0 Vin 20.5V IBATT + - U1 LI-ION_BATTERY SOC = 0 NS = {N} TSCALE = 3600 C = 4.4 0 C1 10n HI IN- OUT+ OUT- IN+ G1 Limit(V(%IN+, %IN-)/0.1m, 0, rate*CAh ) 0 Voch {(4.2*N)-8.2m} DMOD D1 0 *Analysis directives: .TRAN 0 10 0 0.05 .PROBE V(*) I(*) W(*) D(*) NOISE(*) Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 22 1 Hour in seconds Input Voltage Over-Voltage Protector: (Charging Voltage*4) - VF of D1 1.1 リチウムイオン電池のシンプルモデル SPICE
- 23. Time 0s 0.4s 0.8s1.2s 1.6s 2.0s V(HI) 10V 11V 12V 13V 14V 15V 16V 17V 18V Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 23 • Charging Voltage: 16.8V • Charging Current: 880mA (0.2 Charge) (hour) 0.5C 1C 16.4V 12.8V Output voltage range 1.1 リチウムイオン電池のシンプルモデル SPICE
- 24. 0 + - U1 LI-ION_BATTERY SOC =1 NS = 4 TSCALE = 3600 C = 4.4 HI 0 0IN- OUT+ OUT- IN+ G1 limit(V(%IN+, %IN-)/0.1m, 0, rate*CAh ) PARAMETERS: rate = 1 CAh = 4.4 C1 10n sense *Analysis directives: .TRAN 0 3 0 0.05 .STEP PARAM rate LIST 0.5,1 .PROBE V(*) I(*) W(*) D(*) NOISE(*) Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 24 1 Hour in seconds Parametric sweep “rate” 1.1 リチウムイオン電池のシンプルモデル SPICE
- 25. 1. Benefit ofthe Model 2. Model Feature 3. Simulink Model of Lithium-Ion Battery 4. Concept of the Model 5. Pin Configurations 6. Li-Ion Battery Specification (Example) 6.1 Charge Time Characteristic 6.1.1 Charge Time Characteristic (Simulation Circuit) 6.1.2 Charge Time Characteristic (Simulation Settings) 6.2 Discharge Time Characteristic (Simulation Circuit) 6.2.1 Discharge Time Waveform - 1400mAh (0.2C discharge) 6.2.2 Discharge Time Waveform - 1400mAh (0.5C discharge) 6.2.3 Discharge Time Waveform - 1400mAh (1.0C discharge) 6.2.4 Discharge Time Characteristic (Simulation Settings) 6.3 Vbat vs. SOC Characteristic 6.3.1 Vbat vs. SOC Characteristic (Simulation Circuit) 6.3.2 Vbat vs. SOC Characteristic (Simulation Settings) 7. Extend the number of Cell (Example) 7.1.1 Charge Time Circuit - NS=4, TSCALE=3600 7.1.2 Charge Time Waveform - NS=4, TSCALE=3600 7.2.1 Discharge Time Circuit - NS=4, TSCALE=3600 7.2.2 Discharge Time Waveform - NS=4, TSCALE=3600 7.3 Charge & Discharge Time (Simulation Settings) 8. Port Specifications Simulation Index Appendix Diode 25Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 1.1 リチウムイオン電池のシンプルモデル MATLAB
- 26. 1. Benefit ofthe Model • The model enables circuit designer to predict and optimize battery runtime and circuit performance. • The model can be easily adjusted to your own battery specifications by editing a few parameters that are provided in the datasheet. • The model is optimized to reduce the convergence error and the simulation time 26Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 1.1 リチウムイオン電池のシンプルモデル MATLAB
- 27. • This Li-IonBattery Simplified Simulink Model is for users who require the model of a Li-Ion Battery as a part of their system. • Battery Voltage(Vbat) vs. Battery Capacity Level (SOC) Characteristic, that can perform battery charge and discharge time at various current rate conditions, are accounted by the model. • As a simplified model, the effects of cycle number and temperature are neglected. VSOC 2 MINUS 1 PLUS VOC +- Rtransient_S +- Rtransient_L +- Rseries Ibatt +- Ctransient_S +- Ctransient_L +- Capacity 2. Model Feature 27 Battery Circuit Model Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 1.1 リチウムイオン電池のシンプルモデル MATLAB
- 28. 3. Simulink Modelof Lithium-Ion Battery 28 Equivalent Circuit of Lithium-Ion Battery Model using Matlab Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 1 VSOC 2 MINUS 1 PLUS f(x)=0 Solver Configuration PSS V + - PS S +- 0.03 RTS 0.034 RTL IBAT RTS CTS CAH N TSCALE RTCT_S RTCT_S_EQV IBAT RTL CTL CAH N TSCALE RTCT_L RTCT_L_EQV IBAT RS N CAH RSO RS_EQV 0.045 RS PS S PSS + - U + - U -K- -K- f(u) SOC VOUT EOCV I + - 1800 CTS 15000 CTL TSCALE CAH IBAT SOC_SETTING SOC0 CAPACITY +- 4 %SOC 3 Tscale 2 C 1 NS 1.1 リチウムイオン電池のシンプルモデル MATLAB
- 29. 4. Concept ofthe Model 29 Li-Ion battery Simplified Simulink Model [Spec: C, NS] Adjustable SOC : 0-100(%) + - • The model is characterized by parameters: C, which represent the battery capacity and SOC, which represent the battery initial capacity level. • Open-circuit voltage (VOC) vs. SOC is included in the model as a behavioral model. • NS (Number of Cells in series) is used when the Li-ion cells are in series to increase battery voltage level. Output Characteristics Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 1.1 リチウムイオン電池のシンプルモデル MATLAB
- 30. VB VIN 5V 1 Tscale 100 Soc V + I + - SENSE_IBAT PSS PS S OUTPUT 1 Ns NS C Tscale %SOC VSOC PLUS MINUS LI-ION_BATTERY ICHG 0.5C (700mA)1.4 Capacity 5.Pin Configurations C is the amp-hour battery capacity [Ah] – e.g. C = 0.2, 1.4, or 2.0 [Ah] NS is the number of cells in series – e.g. NS=1 for 1 cell battery, NS=2 for 2 cells battery (battery voltage is double from 1 cell) SOC is the initial state of charge in percent – e.g. SOC=0 for a empty battery (0%), SOC=100 for a full charged battery (100%) TSCALE turns TSCALE seconds into a second – e.g. TSCALE=60 turns 60s or 1min into a second TSCALE=3600 turns 3600s or 1h into a second • From the Li-Ion Battery specification, the model is characterized by setting parameters C, NS, SOC and TSCALE. 30 Model Parameters: Probe “SOC” Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 1.1 リチウムイオン電池のシンプルモデル MATLAB
- 31. VBATT Vo (4.2 VIN 5V 1 Tscale 100 Soc +- V + - I + - SENSE_IBAT PSS PS S OUTPUT 1 Ns NS C Tscale %SOC VSOC PLUS MINUS LI-ION_BATTERY ICHG 0.5C (700mA)1.4 Capacity 6.Li-Ion Battery Specification (Example) • The battery information refer to a battery part number LIR18500 of EEMB BATTERY. 31 Battery capacity is input as a model parameter Nominal Voltage 3.7V Nominal Capacity Typical 1400mAh (0.2C discharge) Charging Voltage 4.20V±0.05V Charging Std. Current 700mA Max Current Charge 1400mA Discharge 2800mA Discharge cut-off voltage 2.75V Table 1 Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 1.1 リチウムイオン電池のシンプルモデル MATLAB
- 32. 6.1 Charge TimeCharacteristic 32 • Charging Voltage: 4.20V±0.05V • Charging Current: 700mA (0.5C Charge) Current=700mA Voltage=4.20V Datasheet Simulation SOC=0 means battery start from 0% of capacity (empty) %SOC (Second) VBATT VIN 5V 1 Tscale 0 Soc +- V + - I + - SENSE_IBAT PSS PS S OUTPUT 1 Ns NS C Tscale %SOC VSOC PLUS MINUS LI-ION_BATTERY ICHG 0.5C (700mA)1.4 Capacity Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 1.1 リチウムイオン電池のシンプルモデル MATLAB
- 33. VBATT Voch (4.24*Ns)-0.07 VIN 5V 1 Tscale 0 Soc +- V + - I + - SENSE_IBAT PSS PS S OUTPUT 1 Ns NS C Tscale %SOC VSOC PLUS MINUS LI-ION_BATTERY ICHG 0.5C (700mA)1.4 Capacity 6.1.1Charge Time Characteristic Simulation Circuit 33 Over-Voltage Protector: (Charging Voltage*1) - VF of Diode Input Voltage Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 1.1 リチウムイオン電池のシンプルモデル MATLAB
- 34. 6.1.2 Charge TimeCharacteristic Simulation Settings 34 Table 2: Simulation settings Property Value StartTime 0 StopTime 12000 AbsTol auto InitialStep auto ZcThreshold auto MaxConsecutiveZCs 1000 NumberNewtonIterations 1 MaxStep 1 MinStep auto MaxConsecutiveMinStep 1 RelTol 1e-3 SolverMode Auto Solver ode23t SolverName ode23t SolverType Variable-step SolverJacobianMethodControl auto ShapePreserveControl DisableAll ZeroCrossControl UseLocalSettings ZeroCrossAlgorithm Adaptive SolverResetMethod Fast Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 1.1 リチウムイオン電池のシンプルモデル MATLAB
- 35. 6.2 Discharge TimeCharacteristic Simulation Circuit 35 • Battery voltage vs. time are simulated at 0.2C, 0.5C, and 1C discharge rates. battery starts from 100% of capacity (fully charged) VBAT 1 Tscale 100 Soc V + - PSS 1 Ns NS C Tscale %SOC VSOC PLUS MINUS LI-ION_BATTERY IDIS 0.2C (280mA) 1.4 Capacity Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 1.1 リチウムイオン電池のシンプルモデル MATLAB
- 36. 36 0.2C discharge (280mA) 6.2.1Discharge Time Waveform 1400mAh (0.2C discharge) • Nominal Voltage: 3.7V • Discharge cut-off voltage: 2.75V (Second) Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 1.1 リチウムイオン電池のシンプルモデル MATLAB
- 37. 37 0.5C discharge (700mA) 6.2.2Discharge Time Waveform 1400mAh (0.5C discharge) • Nominal Voltage: 3.7V • Discharge cut-off voltage: 2.75V (Second) Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 1.1 リチウムイオン電池のシンプルモデル MATLAB
- 38. 38 1.0C discharge (1400mA) 6.2.3Discharge Time Waveform 1400mAh (1.0C discharge) • Nominal Voltage: 3.7V • Discharge cut-off voltage: 2.75V (Second) Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 1.1 リチウムイオン電池のシンプルモデル MATLAB
- 39. 39 6.2.4 Discharge TimeCharacteristic Simulation Settings Table 3: Simulation settings Property Value StartTime 0 StopTime 24000, 9600, 4800 AbsTol auto InitialStep auto ZcThreshold auto MaxConsecutiveZCs 1000 NumberNewtonIterations 1 MaxStep 10 MinStep auto MaxConsecutiveMinStep 1 RelTol 1e-3 SolverMode Auto Solver ode23t SolverName ode23t SolverType Variable-step SolverJacobianMethodControl auto ShapePreserveControl DisableAll ZeroCrossControl UseLocalSettings ZeroCrossAlgorithm Adaptive SolverResetMethod Fast Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 1.1 リチウムイオン電池のシンプルモデル MATLAB
- 40. 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 0 0.2 0.40.6 0.8 1 DischargeCapacity (%vs.0.2C) Battery Discharge Current (vs. C Rate) Mesurement Simulation 6.3 Vbat vs. SOC Characteristic 40 • Nominal Voltage: 3.7V • Capacity: 1400mAh (0.2C discharge) • Discharge cut-off voltage: 2.75V 2.60 2.80 3.00 3.20 3.40 3.60 3.80 4.00 4.20 4.40 -0.200.20.40.60.81 Voltage(V) Capacity (%) 0.5C 0.2C 1C Datasheet Simulation SimulationVbat vs. SOC 1 Tscale 100 Soc V + - PSS 1 Ns NS C Tscale %SOC VSOC PLUS MINUS LI-ION_BATTERY IDIS 1400mAh*(discharge rate) 1.4 Capacity 100 Cal VBAT SOC Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 1.1 リチウムイオン電池のシンプルモデル MATLAB
- 41. 6.3.1 Vbat vs.SOC Characteristic Simulation Circuit 41 Vbat vs. SOC 1 Tscale 100 Soc V + - PSS 1 Ns NS C Tscale %SOC VSOC PLUS MINUS LI-ION_BATTERY IDIS 1400mAh*(discharge rate) 1.4 Capacity 100 Cal VBAT SOC Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 1.1 リチウムイオン電池のシンプルモデル MATLAB
- 42. 6.3.2 Vbat vs.SOC Characteristic Simulation Settings 42 Table 4: Simulation settings Property Value StartTime 0 StopTime 19200 AbsTol auto InitialStep auto ZcThreshold auto MaxConsecutiveZCs 1000 NumberNewtonIterations 1 MaxStep 10 MinStep auto MaxConsecutiveMinStep 1 RelTol 1e-3 SolverMode Auto Solver ode23t SolverName ode23t SolverType Variable-step SolverJacobianMethodControl auto ShapePreserveControl DisableAll ZeroCrossControl UseLocalSettings ZeroCrossAlgorithm Adaptive SolverResetMethod Fast Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 1.1 リチウムイオン電池のシンプルモデル MATLAB
- 43. VBATT Voch (4.2*Ns)-70m VIN 20.5V 3600 Tscale 0 Soc +- V + - I + - SENSE_IBAT PSS PS S OUTPUT 4 Ns NS C Tscale %SOC VSOC PLUS MINUS LI-ION_BATTERY ICHG 0.2C (880mA)4.4 Capacity •The battery information refer to a battery part number PBT-BAT-0001 of BAYSUN Co., Ltd. 43 The number of cells in series is input as a model parameter Output Voltage DC 12.8~16.4V Capacity of Approximately 4400mAh Input Voltage DC 20.5V Charging Time About 5 hours Basic Specification Li-ion needs 4 cells to reach this voltage level 7. Extend the number of Cell (Example) NS=4, TSCALE=3600 1 hour into a second (in simulation) Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 1.1 リチウムイオン電池のシンプルモデル MATLAB
- 44. VBATT Voch (4.218*Ns)-12m VIN 20.5V 3600 Tscale 0 Soc +- V + - I + - SENSE_IBAT PSS PS S OUTPUT 4 Ns NS C Tscale %SOC VSOC PLUS MINUS LI-ION_BATTERY ICHG 0.2C (880mA)4.4 Capacity 7.1.1Charge Time Circuit NS=4, TSCALE=3600 44 Input Voltage Over-Voltage Protector: (Charging Voltage 4) - VF of Diode Number of Cells Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 1.1 リチウムイオン電池のシンプルモデル MATLAB
- 45. 45 • Input Voltage:20.5V • Charging Voltage: 16.8V • Charging Current: 880mA (0.2 Charge) Current=880mA Voltage=16.8V Capacity=100% (hour) The battery needs 5 hours to be fully charged 7.1.2 Charge Time Waveform NS=4, TSCALE=3600 BATTERY PACK LI-ION 12.8~16.4V Number of Cells: 4 Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 1.1 リチウムイオン電池のシンプルモデル MATLAB
- 46. VBAT 3600 Tscale 100 Soc V + - PSS 4 Ns NS C Tscale %SOC VSOC PLUS MINUS LI-ION_BATTERY IDIS 0.5C (2200mA) 4.4 Capacity 7.2.1 DischargeTime Circuit NS=4, TSCALE=3600 46 Number of Cells • Output Voltage: 12.8~16.4V • Capacity: 4400mAh • Discharge Current: 2200mA (0.5C) Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 1.1 リチウムイオン電池のシンプルモデル MATLAB
- 47. 47 2200mA (0.5C) 16.4V 12.8V Output voltage range 7.2.2 DischargeTime Waveform NS=4, TSCALE=3600 • Output Voltage: 12.8~16.4V • Capacity: 4400mAh • Discharge Current: 2200mA (0.5C) BATTERY PACK LI-ION 12.8~16.4V Number of Cells: 4 (hour) Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 1.1 リチウムイオン電池のシンプルモデル MATLAB
- 48. 7.3 Charge &Discharge Time Simulation Settings 48 Table 5: Simulation settings Property Value StartTime 0 StopTime 8, 3 AbsTol auto InitialStep auto ZcThreshold auto MaxConsecutiveZCs 1000 NumberNewtonIterations 1 MaxStep 0.01 MinStep auto MaxConsecutiveMinStep 1 RelTol 1e-3 SolverMode Auto Solver ode23t SolverName ode23t SolverType Variable-step SolverJacobianMethodControl auto ShapePreserveControl DisableAll ZeroCrossControl UseLocalSettings ZeroCrossAlgorithm Adaptive SolverResetMethod Fast Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 1.1 リチウムイオン電池のシンプルモデル MATLAB
- 49. 8. Port Specifications 49 Table6 Parameter Simulink Simscape NS O C O TSCALE O %SOC O VSOC O PLUS O MINUS O VSOC VIN 5V 60 Tscale 0 Soc SENSE_ I + - SENSE_IBAT PS S PS S 1 Ns NS C Tscale %SOC VSOC PLUS MINUS LI-ION_BATTERY ICHG 0.5C IBAT 1.4 Capacity Battery Model Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 1.1 リチウムイオン電池のシンプルモデル MATLAB
- 50. Appendix 50Copyright(C) Siam BeeTechnologies 2015 If Diode is error, Please choice Diode of SPICE-Compatiable Semiconductors/Diode 1.1 リチウムイオン電池のシンプルモデル MATLAB
- 51. Appendix 51Copyright(C) Siam BeeTechnologies 2015 Setting of Diode Emission coefficient ,ND Default Value change 0.01 1.1 リチウムイオン電池のシンプルモデル MATLAB
- 52. Copyright(C) Siam BeeTechnologies 2015 52 1.2 ニッケル水素電池のシンプルモデル PSpice Version LTspice Version MATLAB Version http://ow.ly/NQNU2 http://ow.ly/NQO3I
- 53. Copyright(C) Siam BeeTechnologies 2015 53 出展：東芝セミコンダクター&ストレージ社 2.インバータ回路の表現方法
- 54. Copyright(C) Siam BeeTechnologies 2015 54 2.インバータ回路の表現方法
- 55. Copyright(C) Siam BeeTechnologies 2015 55 初代プリウス(1997-2003) バッテリー 40セル 3相インバータ バッテリー 28セル 昇圧回路 バッテリー 28セル 昇圧回路 第二世代プリウス(2003-2011) 第三世代プリウス(2011-) M 33kW 3相インバータ M 50kW 3相インバータ M 65kW 288V 202V 202V 500V 650V 電気系パワートレインの構成図 2.インバータ回路の表現方法
- 56. Copyright(C) Siam BeeTechnologies 2015 56 出展：東芝セミコンダクター&ストレージ社 Li-Ion, Ni-MH,Lead-Acid.etc IGBT,SiC Device,etc IGBT FWD,Diode 2.インバータ回路の表現方法
- 57. Copyright(C) Siam BeeTechnologies 2015 57 3.IGBTのスパイスモデル 1.IGBTのスパイスモデル 1.1 ヘフナモデル(パラメータモデル) 1.2 MOSFET+BJTモデル
- 58. Copyright(C) Siam BeeTechnologies 2015 58 PSpice IGBT Model PSpice IGBT Model + 等価回路 MOSFET + BJT SPICEの世界 3.IGBTのスパイスモデル
- 59. Copyright(C) Siam BeeTechnologies 2015 59 IGBT PSpice Model (ヘフナモデル) 等価回路図 dt/dQgs dt/dQdg dt/dQmult dt/dQds dt/dQcer dt/dQeb mosI cssI bssI multI TI E(S) b(d) G C e 5個のDC電流コンポーネントと 6個の容量性電荷コンポーネント の構成です。 3.IGBTのスパイスモデル
- 60. Copyright(C) Siam BeeTechnologies 2015 60 パラメータ 説明 単位 デフォルト値 AGD ゲート・ドレイン重なり面 m^2 5E-6 AREA デバイス面積 m^2 1E-5 BVF 電子アバランシュ均一係数 N/A 1 BVN 電子アバランシュ増倍の指数部 N/A 4 CGS 単位面積当たりのゲート・ソース間容量 F/cm^2 1.24E-8 COXD 単位面積当たりのゲート・ドレイン間酸化膜容量 F/cm^2 3.5E-8 JSNE エミッタ飽和電流密度 A/cm^2 6.5E-13 KF 3極管領域係数 N/A 1 KP MOSトランスコンダクタンス A/V^2 0.38 MUN 電子移動度 cm^2/(V・S) 1.5E3 MUP 正孔移動度 cm^2/(V・S) 4.5E2 NB ベース ドーピング 1/cm^3 2E14 TAU アンビポーラ再結合寿命 s 7.1E-6 THETA 遷移電解係数 1/V 0.02 VT しきい値 V 4.7 VTD ゲート・ドレイン重なり空乏しきい値 V 1E-3 WB 金属ベース幅 m 9E-5 IGBT PSpice Model (ヘフナモデル) パラメータ 3.IGBTのスパイスモデル
- 61. Copyright(C) Siam BeeTechnologies 2015 61 Saturation Characteristics(飽和特性) 上記はPSpice Model Editorの画面測定データ シミュレーション結果 3.IGBTのスパイスモデル
- 62. Copyright(C) Siam BeeTechnologies 2015 62 飽和特性を補正する事で、精度良くPSpice Modelを活用する事が出来ます 3.IGBTのスパイスモデル
- 63. Copyright(C) Siam BeeTechnologies 2015 63 MOSFET+BJT型モデル 3.IGBTのスパイスモデル
- 64. 長所 温度モデルを考慮したときの対策が可能(RC成分が抽出できる。ただし、 実測データからの合わせこみが必要である)である。 SPICEによるデバイス方程式がMOSとBJTなので、電気特性において 影響するパラメータが想定できるし、補正は必要な特性はABMモデルの 組み込みにより対応が容易である。 短所 BJTとMOSFETの双方の特性による因果関係から、パラメータの合わせ こみが必要であり、高度なモデリング技術を必要とする。 →PSpice AAO(最適化ツール)を活用する。 BJT+MOSFETのサブサーキット構成を用いる方式 64Copyright(C) SiamBee Technologies 2015 3.IGBTのスパイスモデル
- 65. BJT+MOSFETのサブサーキット構成を用いる方式 DBE DE DDS DO 85 C RC 29.7415m 81 RE 17.5m 83 82 CGE 2.05n Collector RG 5 Gate Emitter M3 MFIN03 Q3 QOUT03 Gate G D3 DGD R11 10Meg + - + - S1 S VON= 0mV VOFF = -20mV ROFF = 10e9 RON = 1m G02 + - + - S2 S VON = 0mV VOFF = -20mV ROFF = 10e9 RON = 1m CGD_MAX 4.30E-9 R12 10Meg G01 LE 7.50n 1 273 E PARAMETERS: IS = 2.51e-16 NF = 1.2194 BF = 4.8832 CJE = 6.10n TF = 17n XTB = 1.3 L = 1e-6 W = 1e-6 KP = 630.2292m VTO = 5.0035 THETA = 4.8432m VMAX = 1.8469Meg IGBTモデルの等価回路図 (Bee Technologies Model) 65Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 3.IGBTのスパイスモデル
- 66. BJT+MOSFETのサブサーキット構成を用いる方式 1. Ic-Vge characteristicにおけるパラメータの最適化 IGBTのgfeに関する特性は飽和領域において次のように表される。 μns:Surface mobility of electrons Z: Channel width LCH: Channel length VTH: Threshold voltage VGE: Applied gate voltage COX: Gate-oxide cap. Per unit area αPNP: Current gain of the pnp transistor THGE CH OXns PNP fe VV L ZC g 1 1 66Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 3.IGBTのスパイスモデル
- 67.
- 68. BJT+MOSFETのサブサーキット構成を用いる方式 最適化されたパラメータ .MODEL MFIN03 NMOS(L=1e-6 W=1e-6 LEVEL = 3 VMAX=1.8469Meg + THETA=4.832m VTO=5.0035 KP=630.2992m) .MODEL QOUT03 PNP (IS=2.51e-016 NF=1.2194 BF=4.8832 CJE=6.10n +TF=17.0n XTB=1.3) MOSFETのETAはゲートチャージのシミュレーションにおいて誤差を与える ため、削除した。 但し、コレクタ電流が小さい領域では誤差が大きくなる。これはMOSFETのモデル 自体が小信号領域に対応していない為であり、別途補正回路が必要になる。 (大信号領域で合わせ込みを行った場合、問題となる) 68Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 3.IGBTのスパイスモデル
- 69. BJT+MOSFETのサブサーキット構成を用いる方式 2. パラメータ補正後での、その他特性を実測と比較 Ic-Vce(あるゲート電圧での)と出力特性(Vge-Vce、Ic-Vce)のシミュレーション を行い、実測あるいはデータシート記載値と比較し、誤差が大きいようであれば、 再度必要なパラメータを最適化する。 3. ゲートチャージ特性(ゲート-ドレイン間容量特性)の補正 Cgdの特性はVdgが正、負の値によってそれぞれ変化する。このため、 実測とシミュレーションで誤差を生じる。よってG-D間に補正回路を付け加える。 69Copyright(C)Siam Bee Technologies 2015 3.IGBTのスパイスモデル
- 70. BJT+MOSFETのサブサーキット構成を用いる方式 ゲートチャージ特性でOFF期間～スイッチング期間を終了する期間までが Vdg>0の期間のときで、Cgd-Vdg特性のカーブになっている領域である。 スイッチング期間終了時～オン期間に入るとVdg<0となり、そのとき Cgdは一定値となる。ここで、Cgd-Vdg特性を表現するため、Vdg>0のとき、 曲線部分、Vdg<0のとき、同図の一定容量成分Cgdmaxの値にし、 Vdg=0V時のCgdmaxとCJOの値を一致させた特性に置き換える。 0 Qg Vgs Off Period Switching Period OnPeriod 12V Vds 200V Simulation Measurement VDG>0 VDG<0 0 Vdg Cgd Use Cgdmax(const.) Use DGD Parameter CJO=Cgdmax, M,VJ Fig2-6 Relation of Gate on Charge Characteristic and CGD 70Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 3.IGBTのスパイスモデル
- 71. スイッチングタイムにはBJTのTF、BF、ゲート抵抗RGで調整可能であるが、 BFは最適化済なので、残り2つのパラメータで調整した。但し、この2つの パラメータだけではtrの合わせ込みが不可能だったので、ベース抵抗RBを 挿入して合わせ込みを行った。RBを挿入することで、スイッチング時の シミュレーション収束エラーも抑えることができる。 V_IC 0Vdc M3 MFIN03 Q3 QOUT03 VD 600Vdc D3 DGD R11 10Meg + - + - S1 S VON =0mV VOFF = -20mV ROFF = 10e9 RON = 1u G02 + - + - S2 S VON = 0mV VOFF = -20mV ROFF = 10e9 RON = 1u CGD_MAX 4.30E-9 R12 10Meg G01 PARAMETERS: IS = 2.51e-16 NF = 1.2194 BF = 4.8832 CJE = 6.10n TF = 21.3n XTB = 1.3 L = 1e-6 W = 1e-6 KP = 630.2292m VTO = 5.0035 THETA = 4.8432m VMAX = 1.8469Meg RL 42.8 VG TD = 0 TF = 10n PW = 5u PER = 20u V1 = -15 TR = 10n V2 = 15 RGate 100 LE 7.50n 1 273 E DBE DE DDS DO 85 C RC 29.7415m 81 RE 17.5m 82 83 CGE 2.05n IC = 0 G Collector RG 5 Emitter R3 0.1u 0 RB 0.7 スイッチングタイムに関するパラメータの最適化 71Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 3.IGBTのスパイスモデル
- 72. FWD(SPICEの世界) http://beetech-icyk.blogspot.com/2010/11/blog-post_22.html 72Copyright(C) Siam BeeTechnologies 2015 3. IGBTのスパイスモデル
- 73. i VL Lの両端の電圧 ダイオードに流れる電流 リカバリー現象の領域 FWD 73Copyright(C) Siam BeeTechnologies 2015 3.IGBTのスパイスモデル
- 74. i VL Lの両端の電圧 ダイオードに流れる電流 dt di LVL FWD 74Copyright(C) SiamBee Technologies 2015 3.IGBTのスパイスモデル
- 75. FWD 逆回復時間の定義(IFIR法) 75Copyright(C) Siam BeeTechnologies 2015 3.IGBTのスパイスモデル
- 76. FWD IFIR法の世界 パラメータ・モデル =スタンダードモデル ビヘイビア・モデル=等価回路モデル =プロフェッショナルモデル Measurement Measurement 76Copyright(C)Siam Bee Technologies 2015 3.IGBTのスパイスモデル
- 77. FWD 電流減少率didt法の世界 ハード・リカバリー、ソフトリカバリーも表現出来る 黄色線⇒ハード・リカバリー 赤線⇒ソフト・リカバリー 電流減少率didtモデル(=スペシャルモデルを採用) 77Copyright(C) SiamBee Technologies 2015 3.IGBTのスパイスモデル
- 78. Motenergy, Inc (ME0913) MotorElectrical Parameters • Operating Voltage Range..........................0 – 72 VMAX • Rated Continuous Current........................140 Arms • Peak Stalled Current.................................400 Arms • Voltage Constant.......................................50 RPM/V • Phase Resistance (L-L).............................0.0125 Ω • Phase Inductance......................................105uH at 120Hz, 110uH at 1kHz • Maximum Continuous Power Rating……..17KW at 102VDC Battery Voltage 14.3KW at 84VDC Battery Voltage 12KW at 72VDC Battery Voltage Motor Mechanical Parameters • Rated Speed.............................................3000 RPM • Maximum Speed.......................................5000 RPM • Rated Torque............................................288 Lb-in • Torque Constant.......................................1.6 Lb-in/A Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 78 4. ACモーターのスパイスモデルとインバータ回路全体シミュレーション
- 79. • The Torqueare defined by : At 140Arms (Rated Continuous Current) KT = 1.6 Lb-in/A Tphe = 1.6 140 = 224Lb-in Te = 224*3= 672Lb-in • The Back-EMF are defined by : At 5000 RPM (Maximum Speed) Ephe ≈ VBAT (In an ideal motor, R and L are zero) Ephe = 102V KE = Ephe /ωm = 102 / 5000 KE ≈ 0.02V/RPM Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 79 wTw vTv uTu IKT IKT IKT mEw mEv mEu KE KE KE phe: u, v, w Vphe : Phase voltage applied from inverter to motor VAC : Operating voltage range (Maximum voltage) VBAT : DC Voltage applied from battery Iphe : Phase current Tphe : Electric torque produced by u, v, w phase Te : Electric torque produced by motor Ephe : Phase Back-EMF KE : Back-EMF constant KT : Torque constant ωm : Angular speed of rotor 1 Pound Inch equals 0.11 Nm TwTvTueT (1) (2) (3) 4. ACモーターのスパイスモデルとインバータ回路全体シミュレーション
- 80. Copyright(C) Siam BeeTechnologies 2015 80 L1 1 2 BEMF1 R1 L2 1 2 BEMF2 R2 L3 1 2 BEMF3 R3 N0 U V W Phase Resistance (L-L) : 0.0125Ω Phase Inductance : 105uH : 110uH Frequency Response 105uH 110uH Fig.2 Phase-to-GroundFig. 1 Scheme of the 3-Phase Model 4. ACモーターのスパイスモデルとインバータ回路全体シミュレーション
- 81. PARAMETERS: KT = 1.6 KE= 0.02 LL = 105U RLL = 0.0125 PARAMETERS: LOAD = 140 U3 LM = {LL} IL = {LOAD} KT0 = {KT} RM = {RLL*0.5} 1 2SPTQ emf _u 0 IN+ IN- OUT+ OUT- EMF_V eu 0 IN+ IN- OUT+ OUT- EMF_W 0 IN+ IN- OUT+ OUT- ELIM_V 0 lim_v IN+ IN- OUT+ OUT- ESP 0 0 IN+ IN- OUT+ OUT- ELIM_W lim_w 0 emf _vev emf _u - + + - E2 0 emf _v emf _wew - + + - E3 emf _w 0 n1 tu 0 tv 0 tw N0 n2 U n3 W V Vu speedU4 AND3AMB IN+ IN- OUT+ OUT- ETQ 0 mul Vv torque Vw - + + - E1 0 0 IN+ IN- OUT+ OUT- EMF_U 0 IN+ IN- OUT+ OUT- ELIM_U 0 lim_u sp_v sp_u sp_u sp_w sp_w sp_v U1 LM = {LL} IL = {LOAD} KT0 = {KT} RM = {RLL*0.5} 1 2SPTQ U2 LM = {LL} IL = {LOAD} KT0 = {KT} RM = {RLL*0.5} 1 2SPTQ The 3-Phase AC Motor Equivalent Circuit This figure shows the equivalent circuit of AC motor model that includes the |Z|-frequency part ,Back-EMF voltage part ,and Mechanical part. The Back-EMF voltage is the voltage generated across the motor's terminals as the windings move through the motor's magnetic field. Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 81 |Z| - Frequency Back-EMF Voltage Mechanical part Fig. 3 Three-Phase AC Motor Equivalent Circuit 4. ACモーターのスパイスモデルとインバータ回路全体シミュレーション
- 82. Parameters Settings Copyright(C) SiamBee Technologies 2015 82 LOAD : Load current each phase of motor [Arms] – e.g. LL = 125Arms, 140Arms, or 400Arms LL : Phase inductance [H] – e.g. LL = 10mH, 100mH, or 1H RLL : Phase resistance (Phase-to-phase) [Ω] – e.g. RLL = 10mΩ, 100mΩ, or 1Ω KE : Back-EMF constant [V/RPM] – e.g. KE= 0.01, 0.05, or 0.1 KT : Torque constant [Lb-in/A] – e.g. KT= 0.1, 0.5, or 1 1 Pound Inch equals 0.11 Nm Model Parameters: Fig. 4 Symbol of 3-Phase Induction Motor From the 3-Phase Induction Motor specification, the model is characterized by setting parameters LL, RLL, KE, KT and LOAD. M N0 U1 ME0913 LL = 105U LOAD = 140 KT = 1.6 KE = 0.02 RLL = 0.0125 1 2 3 4 4. ACモーターのスパイスモデルとインバータ回路全体シミュレーション
- 83. Simulation Circuit of3-Phase AC Motor Model Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 83 Fig.5 Analysis of motor operation powered by alternating voltage variation involves using the model of three-phase induction motor. N0 N0 RU RV RW U2 GDRV UD UP VD VP WD WP RU, RV, RW: 173.75m UP UD VDVP WP WD V1 102V + - + - S1 D1 DMOD_01 + - + - S2 D2 DMOD_01 UP UD 0 0 + - + - S3 M N0 U1 ME0913 LL = 105U LOAD = 140 KT = 1.6 KE = 0.02 RLL = 0.0125 1 2 3 4 D3 DMOD_01 + - + - S4 D4 DMOD_01 VP VD 0 0 + - + - S5 D5 DMOD_01 + - + - S6 D6 DMOD_01 WP WD 0 0 U 0 V W V2 102V 4. ACモーターのスパイスモデルとインバータ回路全体シミュレーション
- 84. Phase Current CharacteristicsUnder Load Variation - Simulation Results Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 84 Fig. 6 Current Characteristics under load Condition Time 0s 500ms I(RU)/SQRT(2) -500A 0A 500A Time 0s 500ms I(RU)/SQRT(2) -500A 0A 500A Time 0s 500ms I(RU)/SQRT(2) -500A 0A 500A Load 50Arms Load 140Arms Load 200Arms Reference of Phase U 4. ACモーターのスパイスモデルとインバータ回路全体シミュレーション
- 85. Time 0s 500ms V(X_U1.EU) -200V -100V 0V 100V 200V Time 0s 500ms V(X_U1.EU) -200V -100V 0V 100V 200V Time 0s500ms V(X_U1.EU) -200V -100V 0V 100V 200V Back-EMF Characteristics Under Load Condition - Simulation Results Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 85 Fig. 7 Back-EMF Characteristics under load Condition Load 50Arms Load 140Arms Load 200Arms Reference of Phase U 4. ACモーターのスパイスモデルとインバータ回路全体シミュレーション
- 86. Time 0s 500ms V(X_U1.tu) 0V 0.5KV 1.0KV (446.486m,223.728) V(X_U1.speed) 0V 1.0KV 2.0KV 3.0KV 4.0KV SEL>> (464.146m,3.2311K) Speed andTorque Characteristics At 140Arms - Simulation Results Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 86 Fig. 8 Speed and Torque Characteristics at Load=140Arms The Load 140(Arms) is Rated Continuous Current Tphe: Electric torque produced by each phase RPM Lb-in Reference of Phase U 4. ACモーターのスパイスモデルとインバータ回路全体シミュレーション
- 87. Time 0.5s 1.0s 100*( (RMS(V(U,N0))*RMS(I(RU)))/ (RMS(V(RU:1,N0))*RMS(I(RU))) ) 0 50 100 (962.500m,81.941) RMS(V(RU:1,N0))*RMS(I(RU)) 0W 10KW 20KW SEL>> (960.616m,13.662K) Power Output and Efficiency Characteristics At 140Arms - Simulation Results Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 87 Fig. 9 Power Output and Efficiency Characteristics at Load=140Arms At Load=140Arms, Power Output ≈ 13.7 [KW] At Load=140Arms, Efficiency ≈ 82 [%] Watt [%] Reference of Phase U 4. ACモーターのスパイスモデルとインバータ回路全体シミュレーション
- 88. V+ V V- V+ V- V+ V-V+ V- VP U1 2MBI1400VXB-120P-50 D1 D2MBI1400VXB-120P-50 U2 2MBI1400VXB-120P-50 D2 D2MBI1400VXB-120P-50 WP U3 2MBI1400VXB-120P-50 D3 D2MBI1400VXB-120P-50 U4 2MBI1400VXB-120P-50 D4 D2MBI1400VXB-120P-50 U5 2MBI1400VXB-120P-50 D5 D2MBI1400VXB-120P-50 UD U6 2MBI1400VXB-120P-50 D6 D2MBI1400VXB-120P-50VD + - U7 LI-ION_BATTERY SOC =1 NS = 25 TSCALE = 3600 C = 50 WD + - U8 LI-ION_BATTERY SOC = 1 NS = 25 TSCALE = 3600 C = 50 HI RV 173.75m 0 M N0 U9 LL = 105U LOAD = 100 KT = 1.6 KE = 0.02 RLL = 0.0125 AC_MOTOR 1 2 3 4 NO RW 173.75m U NO V RU 173.75m W U10 GDRV UD UP VD VP WD WP UDUP VP VD WP WD 0 0 0 0 0 0 UP - + + - E1 E 2 - + + - E2 E 2 - + + - E3 E 2 - + + - E4 E 2 - + + - E5 E 2 - + + - E6 E 2 Simulation Circuit and Setting - Lithium Ion Battery Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 88 SOC : 100% ILOAD=100Arms NS =25 VBATT VUN 4. ACモーターのスパイスモデルとインバータ回路全体シミュレーション Lithium Ion Battery
- 89. Simulation Result Copyright(C) SiamBee Technologies 2015 89 SPEED SOC VBATT VUN 4. ACモーターのスパイスモデルとインバータ回路全体シミュレーション Lithium Ion Battery
- 90. VP U1 2MBI1400VXB-120P-50 D1 D2MBI1400VXB-120P-50 U2 2MBI1400VXB-120P-50 D2 D2MBI1400VXB-120P-50 WP U3 2MBI1400VXB-120P-50 D3 D2MBI1400VXB-120P-50 U4 2MBI1400VXB-120P-50 D4 D2MBI1400VXB-120P-50 U5 2MBI1400VXB-120P-50 D5 D2MBI1400VXB-120P-50 UD -+ U7 NI-MH_BATTERY C = 50 TSCALE= 3600 NS = 85 SOC = 1 U6 2MBI1400VXB-120P-50 D6 D2MBI1400VXB-120P-50 -+ U8 NI-MH_BATTERY C = 50 TSCALE = 3600 NS = 85 SOC = 1 VD WD RV 173.75m 0 M N0 U9 LL = 105u LOAD = 100 KT = 1.6 KE = 0.02 RLL = 0.0125 AC_MOTOR 1 2 3 4 NO RW 173.75m U NO V RU 173.75m W C1 315u U10 GDRV UD UP VD VP WD WP UDUP VP VD WP WD HI V+ V I V- 0 0 0 0 0 0 UP - + + - E1 E 2 - + + - E2 E 2 - + + - E3 E 2 - + + - E4 E 2 - + + - E5 E 2 - + + - E6 E 2 Simulation Circuit and Setting Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 90 ILOAD=100Arms NS =85 SOC : 100% Adding a capacitor (C1) of noise reduced 4. ACモーターのスパイスモデルとインバータ回路全体シミュレーション Ni-MH Battery
- 91. Simulation Result Copyright(C) SiamBee Technologies 2015 91 SPEED SOC VBATT VUN Ni-MH Battery 4. ACモーターのスパイスモデルとインバータ回路全体シミュレーション
- 92. Simulation Circuit andSetting Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 92 VP U1 2MBI1400VXB-120P-50 D1 D2MBI1400VXB-120P-50 U2 2MBI1400VXB-120P-50 WP D2 D2MBI1400VXB-120P-50 U3 2MBI1400VXB-120P-50 D3 D2MBI1400VXB-120P-50 U4 2MBI1400VXB-120P-50 D4 D2MBI1400VXB-120P-50 U5 2MBI1400VXB-120P-50 D5 D2MBI1400VXB-120P-50 UD U6 2MBI1400VXB-120P-50 D6 D2MBI1400VXB-120P-50WDVD RV 173.75m 0 M N0 U9 LL = 105u LOAD = 100. KT = 1.6 KE = 0.02 RLL = 0.0125 AC_MOTOR 1 2 3 4 NO RW 173.75m U NO V RU 173.75m W U10 GDRV UD UP VD VP WD WP UDUP VP VD WP WD 0 0 0 0 0 0 UP - + + - E1 E 2 - + + - E2 E 2 - + + - E3 E 2 - + + - E4 E 2 - + + - E5 E 2 - + + - E6 E 2 C1 345u -+ U7 LEAD-ACID_BATTERY SOC = 1 NS = 50 TSCALE = 3600 C = 50 -+ U8 LEAD-ACID_BATTERY SOC = 1 NS = 50 TSCALE = 3600 C = 50 V1 0Vdc HI I V- V+ V I II Adding a capacitor (C1) of noise reduced ILOAD=100Arms NS =50 SOC : 100% 4. ACモーターのスパイスモデルとインバータ回路全体シミュレーション Lead-Acid Battery
- 93. Simulation Result Copyright(C) SiamBee Technologies 2015 93 SPEED SOC VBATT VUN 4. ACモーターのスパイスモデルとインバータ回路全体シミュレーション Lead-Acid Battery
- 94. Block Diagram Copyright(C) SiamBee Technologies 2015 94 MG 3-phase rectifier Buck Li-Ion Battery ChargeIGBT:300A/600V Step-down voltage Maximum Voltage=4.2[V] Capacity(CAh)=50[Ah] Amount of Batteries(N)=85Cells Vin=480[Vrms] Vout=630[V]5 Vin=630[V] 5 Vout=200-360[V] Frequency=50[Hz] VMAX=400[V] 5.回生回路(発電機)全体シミュレーション
- 95. GND GND GND Charge Current Limit GND GND_SW Riso 100MEG 0 DMOD D7 GND Vrectifier VD Cout 880uF WD U SPWM CTL1 CTL2 CTL3 Vref 1 Vref 2 Vref 3 VP WP A - + + - E7 E -1 0 DMOD D1 DMOD D3 D8 DCT300DJH060 DMOD D5 - + + - E8 E -1 0 DMOD D2 UP DMOD D4 UD R2 15k VP WP U1 CT300DJH060 - + + - E1 E 3 - + + - E3 E 3 - + + - E5 E 3 DMOD D6 00 0 UP U2 CT300DJH060 U3 CT300DJH060 R3 15k R4 15k VDUD WD - + + - E2 E 3 - + + - E4 E 3 - + + - E6 E 3 00 0 U4 CT300DJH060 - + + - E9 E -1 0 U5 CT300DJH060 U6 CT300DJH060 R5 15k R6 15k R7 15k 0 C V1 FREQ = 50 VAMPL = {Vrms*sqrt(2)} VOFF = 0 PHASE = 0 V2 FREQ = 50 VAMPL = {Vrms*sqrt(2)} VOFF = 0 PHASE = -120 V3 FREQ = 50 VAMPL = {Vrms*sqrt(2)} VOFF = 0 PHASE = -240 B PARAMETERS: Vrms = 280 GND_SW VG2 TD = 0 TF = 100n PW = {Duty _buck*(1/Freq_buck)} PER = {1/Freq_buck} V1 = 0 TR = 100n V2 = 0 D_disch D9 R9 15k V101 {(4.2*N)-(8.2m)}U8 CT300DJH060 - + + - E11 E 1 IBATT 0Vdc PARAMETERS: N = 85 CAh = 50 rate = 1 HI G2 R10 1u PARAMETERS: Voch = {(4.2*N)-(8.2m)} Capacity = 1 VG1 TD = 0 TF = 100n PW = {Duty _buck*(1/Freq_buck)} PER = {1/Freq_buck} V1 = 0 TR = 100n V2 = 15 + - U9 LI-ION_BATTERY SOC = 0 NS = {N} TSCALE = {3600*4} C = {CAh} C2 10n L1 225uH 1 2 C1 315uF VBATT PARAMETERS: Freq_buck = 10k Duty _buck = 0.44 rl1 10m n1 rc1 0.05m G1 R8 15k U7 CT300DJH060 - + + - E10 E 1 Simulation Circuit and Setting - Generator, 3 phase rectifier, Buck converter and Li-Ion Battery Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 95 3-phase rectifier Motor Generator Buck converter Li-Ion Battery Vrms=280V Freq_buck=10k Duty_buck=0.44 N=85 CAh=50 SOC : 0% http://www.ae.pwr.wroc.pl/filez/20110606092430_HEV_Toyota.pdf 5.回生回路(発電機)全体シミュレーション
- 96. About Motor GeneratorModel Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 96 Phase angle between V1 and V2, V2 and V3, V3 and V1 are equaled 120 degree () 0 V1 FREQ = 50 VAMPL = {Vrms*sqrt(2)} VOFF = 0 PHASE = 0 V2 FREQ = 50 VAMPL = {Vrms*sqrt(2)} VOFF = 0 PHASE = -120 V3 FREQ = 50 VAMPL = {Vrms*sqrt(2)} VOFF = 0 PHASE = -240 PARAMETERS: Vrms = 280 5.回生回路(発電機)全体シミュレーション
- 97. About Control Signal(1/3) Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 97 VD WD U SPWM CTL1 CTL2 CTL3 Vref 1 Vref 2 Vref 3 VP WP - + + - E7 E -1 0 - + + - E8 E -1 0 UP UD - + + - E9 E -1 0 Double click Output voltage (3-phase motor generator) feed to Vref1, Vref2 and Vref3 Control Signal of Switching IGBT To Connected to Motor Generator 5.回生回路(発電機)全体シミュレーション
- 98. About Control Signal(2/3) Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 98 V4TD = 0 TF = {(0.5/Freq)} PW = 1n PER = {1/Freq} V1 = {Vsawh} TR = {(0.5/Freq)} V2 = {Vsawl} 0 PARAMETERS: Freq = 500 m1 = {Vsawh-Vsawl} m2 = {Vsawl-Vsawh} PARAMETERS: Vsawh = 3 Vsawl = -3 IN+ IN- OUT+ OUT- E1 IF(V(%IN+)>V(%IN-),1,-1) EVALUE 0 IN+ IN- OUT+ OUT- E2 IF(V(%IN+)>V(%IN-),1,-1) EVALUE 0 IN+ IN- OUT+ OUT- E3 IF(V(%IN+)>V(%IN-),1,-1) EVALUE 0 saw CTL3 CTL2 CTL1 - + + - E4 E 0.01 00 Vref 1 - + + - E5 E 0.01 0 0 Vref 2 - + + - E6 E 0.01 0 0 Vref 3 SPWM Reference voltage compared with sawtooth signal Sawtooth Signal 5.回生回路(発電機)全体シミュレーション
- 99. About Control Signal(3/3) Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 99 Vref1 Vref2 Vref3 CTL1 CTL2 CTL3 5.回生回路(発電機)全体シミュレーション
- 100. About Buck Converter(1/2) Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 100 GND GND_SW Riso 100MEG 0 D8 DCT300DJH060 DMOD D7 Vrectif ier Cout 880uF GND_SW VG2 TD = 0 TF = 100n PW = {Duty _buck*(1/Freq_buck)} PER = {1/Freq_buck} V1 = 0 TR = 100n V2 = 0 R9 15k U8 CT300DJH060 - + + - E11 E 1 G2 VG1 TD = 0 TF = 100n PW = {Duty _buck*(1/Freq_buck)} PER = {1/Freq_buck} V1 = 0 TR = 100n V2 = 15 L1 225uH 1 2 C1 315uF VBATT PARAMETERS: Freq_buck = 10k Duty _buck = 0.44 rl1 10m n1 rc1 0.05m G1 R8 15k U7 CT300DJH060 - + + - E10 E 1 No Use Voltage and Current are controlled by adjust “Duty_buck” parameter of Upper IGBT (U7) 5.回生回路(発電機)全体シミュレーション
- 101. About Buck Converter(2/2) Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 101 UPPER IGBT:VDS UPPER IGBT:VGS LOWER IGBT:VGS 5.回生回路(発電機)全体シミュレーション
- 102. About Li-Ion Battery Copyright(C)Siam Bee Technologies 2015 102 GND GNDGND D_disch D9 V101 {(4.2*N)-8.2m} IBATT 0Vdc PARAMETERS: N = 85 CAh = 50 rate = 1 PARAMETERS: Voch = {(4.2*N)-8.2m} Capacity = 1 HI + - U9 LI-ION_BATTERY SOC = 0 NS = {N} TSCALE = {3600*4} C = {CAh} C2 10n “N” is Amount of Battery Cell “TSCALE={3600*4}” is meant 1second (simulation setting-runtime) equal 4 hours “CAh” is Capacity of Battery (ampere-hour capacity) 5.回生回路(発電機)全体シミュレーション
- 103. Simulation Result (parametricsweep) Copyright(C) Siam Bee Technologies 2015 103 Duty_buck=0.44 Duty_buck=0.34 Duty_buck=0.24 Battery Voltage Battery Charging Current Buck: Output Voltage Buck: Gate Drive Voltage 3-phase rectifier: Output Voltage 3-phase Generator: Output Voltage 6 Hours Simulation time for 1 condition is about 15 minute 5.回生回路(発電機)全体シミュレーション
- 104. 104Copyright(C) Siam BeeTechnologies 2015 ビー・テクノロジーのサイト http://www.beetech.info/ デバイスモデリング研究所のサイト http://beetech-icyk.blogspot.jp/
- 105. Copyright(C) Siam BeeTechnologies 2015 105 質疑応答