Speleology 101 greg brick
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This document provides an overview of speleology or the study of caves. It discusses different types of caves including solutional caves, epigenic vs hypogenic caves, and cave levels. Notable features of caves mentioned include depositional forms like stalactites, stalagmites, and flowstone, as well as erosional forms. The document also discusses non-carbonate caves, lava tubes, littoral caves, and notable caves in Minnesota. It concludes by inviting questions and providing a website for more information.
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- 1. Speleology 101 Greg Brick Minnesota Minerals Education Workshop Winona State University June 19, 2012
- 2. My Cave Research Nitrate concentrations in sediments of Lake Pepin caves
- 4. Speleology Horace Carter Hovey (1833-1914), Father of American Speleology
- 8. A major geohazard associated with karst—sinkholes
- 11. Caves • ¼ M caves in the World • Longest: Mammoth Cave (350 miles) • 50,000 US Caves • Missouri—the Cave State (6000) • Minnesota—300 caves, longest is 12 miles
- 16. Cave Levels
- 17. Age of Caves • Younger than enclosing rock. • Younger than nearby river gorges. • Uranium dating of stalagmites. • Bones only as far back as Ice Ages.
- 18. Cave Features • Depositional • Erosional
- 20. Depositional Forms • Dripstone Stalactites Stalagmites • Flowstone • Subaqueous • Erratics
- 23. Bat Minerals Biogenic Minerals: Nitrates and Phosphates
- 24. Many other cave formations… • Cave balloons • Fried eggs • Cave chandeliers • Moonmilk • Cave clouds • Snottites • Cave cotton • Snowballs • Cave flowers • Transistorites • Cave pearls • Xmas trees
- 25. Erosional Forms (Speleogens): • Ex: scallops • Derive stream velocity
- 26. Non-Carbonate Caves Non-Carbonate Karsts Gypsum Karst (Ukraine) Salt Karst (Israel) Pseudokarst—everything else! Boulder caves Lava tube caves Littoral caves Piping caves
- 27. Lava Tubes
- 28. Littoral Caves
- 29. Minnesota Caves
- 32. The Cave Farm (Spring Valley, MN)
- 33. Carver’s Cave
- 36. Fountain Cave
- 39. Biofilms
- 43. Schieks Cave
- 46. Chute’s Cave
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