The document summarizes information about the Colosseum in Rome, Italy. It discusses the history and construction of the Colosseum, explaining that it was built in the 1st century AD under the Roman Emperors Vespasian and Titus. It also describes the architecture of the Colosseum, including its size and structure, seating arrangements, and underground tunnels. Finally, it provides some interesting facts, such as that the Colosseum was originally covered by an awning and today remains one of Rome's most popular tourist destinations.

1. Assalamualaikum
Good morning honorable my lecture Miss Yeni
Good morning Everybody ladies and gentleman First let’s say thanks to God because of the God’s, we can gather in this place. I would like to introduce my self. My name is Ani Istiana. Today I will bring a speech with the title is “one of the wonders of the world that is the colosseum in Rome Italy “
At the first, I will explain to all of you what the colosseum. And the second I will explain about the history of colosseum. And the third I will explain about Architecture & Design of colosseum. And the last I will give you information Interesting Facts about colosseum.
Ladies and gentleman
Do you know ? where is cities of Rome, anyone has been there ?
Oke everybody The Colosseum is an elliptical amphitheatre in the centre of the city of Rome, Italy. Built of concrete and stone It is the largest amphitheatre in the world. Which includes one of the Sixty-Nine Wonders of the World. Established by the Mayor at the time of Domitian Vespasian and completed by his son Titus. The location chosen for the new amphitheater was most significant. It was built on the site of the infamous Golden House of Nero. This grandiose palace, complete with its own lake and parkland setting, had been built in the very heart of Rome.
After Vespasian died in 79, his oldest son Titus continued construction on the Colosseum. Titus opened it to the public in AD 80. The Colosseum remained in service for 450 years. Major repairs were carried out after 217 AD, when the amphitheater was hit by lighting and a fire broke out. For five years the gladiator games had to be held at the circus and the Colosseum was not fully repaired until about 240. Repairs were also carried out after several earthquakes, most notable in 443 and 484. Gladiatorial games began to disappear from public life during the 3rd century, due to economic pressure and new religion of Christianity
The Colosseum was built of blocks of travertine stone extracted from the quarries of Albulae near Tivoli and brought to Rome by a wide road specially constructed for the purpose. The amphitheater forms an oval 527 meters ( 1,729) in circumference with diameters of 189 and 156 meters (615 and 510 ft). The height of the four-storied wall is 48 meters (157 ft).
The Colosseum contained 45,000 sitting places and 5,000 standing places. The broad paved circular piazza that surrounded the amphitheater allowed easy access to every part of the

2. façade. There were 80 entrance arches, of these the four at the extremities of the major and minor axes were forbidden to the public and not numbered. The major axis entrances gave direct unrestricted access to the arena itself. In contrast both of the minor axis entrances gave direct access to special reserved boxes.
Seating
The first tier of the seating began four meters above the arena with the Podium. It was reserved for the most important Romans, namely the Emperor, the Vestal Virgins, the priests and the senators. The Emperor and his court reclined in the imperial box on the northern side of the arena. The empress and her female entourage occupied the box opposite of the emperor. These two locations were the best seats to occupy in order to see and be seen.
Above the podium were the tiers for the ordinary public. The noble class and knights sat in the first 14 rows of the Colosseum, the section known as the ima cavea. Roman citizens sat in the next block of seats, that is the media cavea. The rest of the population including the urban poor, foreigners, freed slaves and other slaves were lumped together in the highest block of seats, the summa cavea. Finally, women, presumably the respectable wives and daughter of Roman citizens, were expected to sit under the protecting shelter of the colonnade that usually crowned the theater seating area.
Hypogeum
Under the arena was the hypogeum ( literally underground), a vast network of tunnels and passages as well as chambers for the gladiators, animals, slaves. It contained lifts operated by ropes and pulleys which led directly to the arena through the trap doors.
Interesting Facts
The construction of the Colosseum was financed by booty from the Jewish War waged by emperor Vespasian and his sons Titus and Domitian.
Before the overgrowth of vegetation was cleared away in 1871 over 400 species of plants grew on the ruins, a variety made possible both by the seeds ingested by exotic animals supplied for the games and the amphitheater’s special microclimate.
The Colosseum was covered with a giant sail known as the velarium. This protected the spectators from the sun and rain. It was attached to large poles on top of the Colosseum and anchored to the ground by large ropes.
Large sections of the Roman Colosseum as it now stands are not ancient at all, but the result of restoration in the 19th century. Only 1/3 of the original amphitheater remains intact. 2/3

3. is gone forever, especially the south side. Its original marble facing, the statues decorating the arches and the lavish decoration of the interior did not survive.
On visiting the real Colosseum, film director Ridley Scott remarked to production designer Arthur Max that it was “too small” for the movie Gladiator so they designed an outsized “Rome of the imagination”.
Today the Colosseum is one of Rome’s most popular tourist attraction attracting millions of visitors every year. At last, I apologize if when I explain my speech there is my mistake. I hope what I say in above can brings more advantages in your life.
And from the above explanation that the colosseum which became one of the wonders of the world could be a reference to your destination Thank you, and have a nice day.