Speaking to Entertain
Chapter 8
The Nature of Entertainment
and
Understanding Entertaining Speeches
The Nature of EntertainmentOften speaking is not traditional informative or persuasive speeches; instead we are asked to entertain. Knowing how to deliver speeches in a variety of different contexts is the nature of entertaining speaking.
Understanding Entertaining Speeches
Entertaining SpeechA speech designed to captivate an audience’s attention and regale or amuse them while delivering a message.Entertaining speeches should communicate a clear message, but the manner of speaking used in an entertaining speech is typically different than a traditional informative or persuasive speech.
Two Basic Occasions for Entertaining SpeechesEntertaining speeches are often delivered on special occasions (e.g., a toast at a wedding, an acceptance speech at an awards banquet), which is why they are sometimes referred to as special-occasion speeches.Entertaining speeches are often delivered on more mundane occasions, where their purpose is primarily to amuse audience members or arouse them emotionally in some way.When we use the word “entertain,” we are not just referring to humor but also to drama.
Four Ingredients to Entertaining Speeches
Be PreparedThe biggest mistake you can make when standing to deliver an entertaining speech is to underprepare or simply not prepare at all.By writing down some simple notes, you’ll be less likely to deliver a bad speech.
Be Adaptive to the OccasionNot all content is appropriate for all occasions.Remember that being a competent speaker is about being both personally effective and socially appropriate.Different occasions will call for different levels of social appropriateness.One of the biggest mistakes entertaining speakers can make is to deliver one generic speech to different groups without adapting the speech to the specific occasion.When we tailor speeches for special occasions, people are more likely to remember those speeches than if we give a generic speech.
Be Adaptive to your AudienceWe cannot stress the importance of audience adaptation.Different audiences will respond differently to speech material, so the more you know about your audience the more likely you’ll succeed in your speech.
Be Mindful of the TimeDifferent entertaining speech situations have their own conventions and rules with regard to time.Acceptance speeches and toasts, for example, should be relatively short (typically under five minutes).A speech of introduction should be extremely brief—just long enough to tell the audience what they need to know about the person being introduced in a style that prepares them to appreciate that person’s remarks.Commencement speeches and speeches to commemorate events can run ten to twenty minutes in length.
Be Mindful of the Time cont.Audiences on different occasions will expect speeches of various lengths.Although it’s true that graduation commencement speakers genera.
The document discusses different types of speeches and their purposes:
1. Speech to Inform aims to impart knowledge and gain understanding. Examples include lectures, reports, and instructional speeches.
2. Speech to Entertain aims to provide pleasant diversion and enjoyment for the audience. Examples include club meeting, dinner, and party speeches.
3. Speech to Persuade aims to convince the audience to think, feel, or act in a certain way. Examples include argumentative, debate, and sales speeches.
The document then provides guidance on specific types of speeches like inspirational, commemorative, nomination, tribute, and toast speeches, outlining their objectives and tips for an effective delivery.
Four types of public speaking and Useful Speech Writing Tips Mary Delle Obedoza
Public speaking can take various forms, including informative, persuasive, and ceremonial speeches. Informative speeches aim to educate an audience on a particular topic. Persuasive speeches attempt to influence opinions, while ceremonial speeches are given at events like weddings and graduations. The most effective speeches are well-structured, focus on a clear message, use relevant facts, and connect with the audience through personal stories. Continuous practice is needed to master the art of public speaking.
The document provides information about a group project presentation on presentation skills. It lists the group members and then discusses different types of presentations, including informative, instructional, persuasive, and motivational presentations. It also provides tips for delivering effective presentations, such as speaking clearly, using eye contact and gestures, practicing beforehand, keeping within the time limit, and varying the presentation to keep the audience's attention.
The document provides guidance on effective public speaking. It discusses the importance of public speaking skills in social and professional contexts. It emphasizes the need for thorough preparation and practice. The document then offers tips for different aspects of public speaking, including structuring a speech with a clear introduction, body, and conclusion. It also provides advice on using effective voice, body language, and visual aids to successfully engage an audience.
The document discusses the art of public speaking. It defines public speaking as speaking to a group to inform, influence, or entertain them. Public speaking can take place in schools, offices, political campaigns, and more. The benefits of public speaking include improving confidence, effectively communicating messages, and developing skills. There are different types of public speeches like informative, persuasive, and entertaining. Barriers to effective speaking and guidelines for overcoming them are also provided. These guidelines include knowing the audience, proper preparation, practice, and thanking the audience.
A meeting @ your office, a press conference, a paper presentation or a thanks giving speech, whatever it is, make sure you have these points handy to win the crowd. Cheers!!!
1. The document provides guidance on how to deliver an effective presentation by turning it into an imaginative public performance. It discusses six key steps: practicing your presentation, asserting yourself through posture and presence, making contact with your audience through eye contact, gestures, spoken contact and language, using your voice effectively by varying volume, pace and pitch, remembering to breathe steadily, and staying hydrated.
2. The document emphasizes practicing your presentation thoroughly, being confident in your delivery, and actively engaging your audience through eye contact, body language, questions and language choice to maintain their interest and understanding.
3. Effective use of voice, breathing and hydration are also covered to help speakers deliver presentations in a lively, flexible and
The document discusses different types of speeches according to purpose and manner of delivery. It identifies four types of speeches according to purpose: informative speeches aim to educate an audience without persuading; persuasive speeches aim to convince the audience of an argument or proposal; entertainment speeches intend to amuse the audience; and ceremonial speeches are given during special occasions like weddings. It also outlines four types of speeches according to delivery: manuscript speeches are read verbatim; memorized speeches are delivered from memory; extemporaneous speeches use an outline but are delivered spontaneously; and impromptu speeches are delivered with little to no preparation time.
The document discusses different types of speeches and their purposes:
1. Speech to Inform aims to impart knowledge and gain understanding. Examples include lectures, reports, and instructional speeches.
2. Speech to Entertain aims to provide pleasant diversion and enjoyment for the audience. Examples include club meeting, dinner, and party speeches.
3. Speech to Persuade aims to convince the audience to think, feel, or act in a certain way. Examples include argumentative, debate, and sales speeches.
The document then provides guidance on specific types of speeches like inspirational, commemorative, nomination, tribute, and toast speeches, outlining their objectives and tips for an effective delivery.
Four types of public speaking and Useful Speech Writing Tips Mary Delle Obedoza
Public speaking can take various forms, including informative, persuasive, and ceremonial speeches. Informative speeches aim to educate an audience on a particular topic. Persuasive speeches attempt to influence opinions, while ceremonial speeches are given at events like weddings and graduations. The most effective speeches are well-structured, focus on a clear message, use relevant facts, and connect with the audience through personal stories. Continuous practice is needed to master the art of public speaking.
The document provides information about a group project presentation on presentation skills. It lists the group members and then discusses different types of presentations, including informative, instructional, persuasive, and motivational presentations. It also provides tips for delivering effective presentations, such as speaking clearly, using eye contact and gestures, practicing beforehand, keeping within the time limit, and varying the presentation to keep the audience's attention.
The document provides guidance on effective public speaking. It discusses the importance of public speaking skills in social and professional contexts. It emphasizes the need for thorough preparation and practice. The document then offers tips for different aspects of public speaking, including structuring a speech with a clear introduction, body, and conclusion. It also provides advice on using effective voice, body language, and visual aids to successfully engage an audience.
The document discusses the art of public speaking. It defines public speaking as speaking to a group to inform, influence, or entertain them. Public speaking can take place in schools, offices, political campaigns, and more. The benefits of public speaking include improving confidence, effectively communicating messages, and developing skills. There are different types of public speeches like informative, persuasive, and entertaining. Barriers to effective speaking and guidelines for overcoming them are also provided. These guidelines include knowing the audience, proper preparation, practice, and thanking the audience.
A meeting @ your office, a press conference, a paper presentation or a thanks giving speech, whatever it is, make sure you have these points handy to win the crowd. Cheers!!!
1. The document provides guidance on how to deliver an effective presentation by turning it into an imaginative public performance. It discusses six key steps: practicing your presentation, asserting yourself through posture and presence, making contact with your audience through eye contact, gestures, spoken contact and language, using your voice effectively by varying volume, pace and pitch, remembering to breathe steadily, and staying hydrated.
2. The document emphasizes practicing your presentation thoroughly, being confident in your delivery, and actively engaging your audience through eye contact, body language, questions and language choice to maintain their interest and understanding.
3. Effective use of voice, breathing and hydration are also covered to help speakers deliver presentations in a lively, flexible and
The document discusses different types of speeches according to purpose and manner of delivery. It identifies four types of speeches according to purpose: informative speeches aim to educate an audience without persuading; persuasive speeches aim to convince the audience of an argument or proposal; entertainment speeches intend to amuse the audience; and ceremonial speeches are given during special occasions like weddings. It also outlines four types of speeches according to delivery: manuscript speeches are read verbatim; memorized speeches are delivered from memory; extemporaneous speeches use an outline but are delivered spontaneously; and impromptu speeches are delivered with little to no preparation time.
This document provides an overview of different types of speeches according to their purpose: informative, inspirational, argumentative, persuasive, and entertainment. It defines each type and provides examples and tips for an effective speech of that type. The informative speech aims to teach an audience something new. The inspirational speech aims to motivate or inspire. The argumentative speech aims to convince an audience of a viewpoint. The persuasive speech aims to influence beliefs and behaviors. The entertainment speech aims to make the audience smile and relax.
This document discusses public speaking and provides information on its importance and different types. It begins by defining public speaking as a live presentation before an audience that can be used to educate, entertain, or influence listeners. It then lists 7 benefits of public speaking, including improved communication skills, confidence, and leadership abilities. The document goes on to describe 4 main types of speeches: ceremonial, demonstrative, informative, and persuasive. It provides examples and keys for each type. The conclusion reiterates that public speaking is an important skill that can help distinguish individuals.
This document provides guidance on the art of public speaking. It defines public speaking as speaking to a group to inform, influence, or entertain listeners. It discusses the benefits of improving self-confidence and communication skills. There are three main types of public speaking: informative, persuasive, and entertaining. The document outlines barriers like stage fear and gives guidelines for effective public speaking, including choosing a proper topic, conducting research, practicing, using visual aids, delivering with confidence, and thanking the audience. Body language and facial expressions are important parts of communication beyond just words. Proper preparation and practice are keys to successful public speaking.
How to give effective presentation kunziteHpm India
The document discusses the different types and purposes of presentations: to inform, educate, persuade, entertain, and inspire. It provides examples for each type and notes their key characteristics. Presentations to inform provide facts to audiences, while those to educate aim to teach and have audiences leave knowing more. Persuasive presentations try to convince audiences of a viewpoint or product. Entertaining presentations seek to make audiences feel good through humor or positive experiences. Inspiring presentations aim to motivate change through emotional stories. The document also provides tips for effectively planning, preparing, practicing and delivering a presentation.
This slide about on Presentation strategies. And it is included in 1st year engineering syllabus of Gujarat technical university. this is my first slide on Slideshare so, I hope this will help you.
This document provides an overview of public speaking and oral presentations. It discusses key components such as understanding the audience, structuring the presentation, using effective language and style, managing timing, beginning and ending strongly, answering questions, and leveraging audio/visual aids. The main points are preparing by understanding the purpose and audience, organizing the content into a clear introduction, body, and conclusion, and practicing delivery techniques like voice, body language, and visual aids.
This document provides tips for preparing and delivering an effective speech. It discusses the importance of having a strong introduction that gets the audience's attention and establishes credibility. The body of the speech should answer questions the audience likely has and prioritize key points. Effective delivery requires practicing multiple times, maintaining eye contact with the audience, and using cue cards strategically. The conclusion should signal that the speech is ending and reinforce the central idea. Humor can engage audiences if used appropriately for the context and audience. Body language also significantly impacts delivery, so speakers should communicate positively and naturally.
This document provides guidance on different types of special occasion and group speaking situations. It discusses speeches of introduction, acceptance, after-dinner, tributes, eulogies, nomination, and public testimony. It also covers roasts, toasts, mediated speaking, presenting in small groups, and evaluating small group presentations. The assignment is to write and deliver a tribute speech honoring a famous person who inspires being a better person by emphasizing their character and contributions through stories and achievements.
'Present Like A Pro' is an eBook that provides comprehensive guidance to enhance public speaking skills. It covers everything from preparing a speech to delivering it with confidence and authority. With this eBook, readers will learn effective strategies to conquer stage fright, create powerful visual aids, engage their audience, and leave a lasting impression.
This document provides guidance on developing public speaking skills. It discusses communication skills, types of speeches, writing a speech outline, finding topics, delivery tips, and steps for successful speeches. The key points covered are expressing ideas clearly, active listening, informative, persuasive and entertaining speeches, outlining introduction, body and conclusion, choosing appropriate topics, practicing delivery, relaxing nerves, and gaining experience through practice.
Public speaking is the art of presenting ideas to an audience. It aims to inform, educate, entertain, persuade or stimulate the listeners. An effective speech is well organized with an introduction, body and conclusion. The introduction should grab the audience's attention and outline the main points. The body provides supporting details on the three to five main points from least to most important. The conclusion restates the central theme and main points and leaves the audience satisfied. There are different types of presentations including informative, persuasive, instructional and arousing, each with their own goals and structures. Effective public speaking requires practice and preparation as well as techniques to manage nerves and engage the audience.
This document discusses various topics related to presentations and communication skills. It covers presentation skills and techniques, the different types of presentations including informative, instructional, arousing, and persuasive. It also discusses video conferencing systems, formal and informal interviews, progressive and group interviews, and communication etiquettes. Planning, developing, and rehearsing effective presentations are also addressed.
The document discusses effective presentation skills. It covers topics like reducing stage fright through preparation, using voice as a communication tool, and using visual aids to enhance a presentation rather than replace the speaker. Effective presentations require skills like structuring content in a logical pyramid format, engaging the audience, and summarizing key points.
This document provides guidance on crafting effective speeches. It discusses the purpose and formats of different types of speeches, including informal speeches for everyday occasions and formal speeches intended to motivate or inspire audiences. The document outlines the typical parts of a speech, including greetings, an introduction establishing the speaker and purpose, the main content and message, and a conclusion emphasizing the speaker's desired takeaway. It also includes examples of speeches in different contexts and prompts for analyzing speech elements like tone, word choice, and literary devices.
1. The document provides information about expository writing, which aims to present or provide information about a topic in an educational and purposeful way through facts, descriptions, explanations, and enumerating processes.
2. It then discusses public speaking, which usually involves communicating information to a live audience formally to inform, influence, or entertain. Common forms are prepared speeches with research and practice or impromptu speeches with little preparation time.
3. The document concludes with tips for effective public speaking techniques like knowing your purpose and audience, planning, using gestures and eye contact, practicing, and being open to questions.
Some people are feel uncomfortable to express their views to other. It is also a type of hesitation. Here are the best tips for reduce the fear of public speaking and get bold.So take a look at these ideas of public speaking
Presentation skills encompass verbal and nonverbal communication techniques used to effectively convey information and ideas to an audience. Some key presentation skills include body language, voice projection, active listening, understanding the audience, and having confidence during the presentation. Mastering these skills allows presenters to engage audiences and achieve their objectives of informing, persuading, or motivating others.
This guide provides instructions for delivering an effective presentation skills course, including materials for instructors to use. It outlines the target audience as supervisors and managers who give presentations, and lists the learning objectives as applying successful presentation methods, developing content, preparing effective presentations, and using visual aids. The document provides guidance on title, purpose, research, the four cornerstones method of preparation, awareness of presentation details, and including an introduction, body, and conclusion.
The document provides guidance on developing effective public speaking skills. It outlines the objectives of becoming an confident public speaker who can overcome the fear of public speaking and present persuasive speeches. It discusses the importance of communication skills and defines public speaking as communicating to inform, influence or entertain an audience. The document then provides tips for engaging audiences, such as telling them what they will learn, using silence and pauses effectively, and emphasizing key points. It also recommends using stories, humor and unexpected elements to hold attention. Maintaining composure and preparing for events are discussed as important communication skills.
This document provides guidelines for writing and delivering a persuasive speech, including how to plan and draft the speech, practice delivering it, and revise it based on feedback. The planning process involves clarifying your position on the issue, finding evidence to support your stance, considering your audience, and deciding how to structure your arguments for maximum impact. When practicing, speakers should present aloud multiple times, using recordings to evaluate their delivery. Feedback from peer reviewers should be addressed by clarifying arguments, speaking more clearly, providing additional evidence, or making the presentation more engaging.
In this unit, you will experience the powerful impact communication .docxwhitneyleman54422
This document provides instructions for an assignment requiring students to download a template, follow the instructions in the template to complete an analysis of communication concepts relating to cultural diversity, and demonstrate their understanding through in-text citations and references in APA format.
In this task, you will write an analysis (suggested length of 3–5 .docxwhitneyleman54422
In this task, you will write an analysis (
suggested length of 3–5 pages
) of one work of literature. Choose
one
work from the list below:
Classical Period
• Sappho, “The Anactoria Poem” ca. 7th century B.C.E. (poetry)
• Aeschylus, “Song of the Furies” from
The Eumenides
, ca. 458 B.C.E. (poetry)
• Sophocles,
Antigone
, ca. 442 B.C.E. (drama)
• Aristotle, Book 1 from the
Nichomachean Ethics
, ca. 35 B.C.E. (philosophical text)
• Augustus,
The Deeds of the Divine Augustus
, ca. 14 C.E. (funerary inscription)
• Ovid, “The Transformation of Daphne into a Laurel” an excerpt from Book 1 of
The Metamorphoses
, ca. 2 C.E. (poetry)
Renaissance
• Francesco Petrarch, “The Ascent of Mount Ventoux” 1350 (letter)
• Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, the first seven paragraphs of the “Oration on the Dignity of Man” ca. 1486 (essay excerpt)
• Leonardo da Vinci, Chapter 28 “Comparison of the Arts” from
The Notebooks
ca. 1478-1518 (art text)
• Edmund Spenser, Sonnet 30, “My Love is like to Ice” from
Amoretti
1595 (poetry)
• William Shakespeare, Sonnet 18, “Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day” 1609 (poetry)
• Francis Bacon, “Of Studies” from
The Essays or Counsels…
1625 (essay)
• Anne Bradstreet, “In Honour of that High and Mighty Princess, Queen Elizabeth” 1643 (poetry)
• Andrew Marvell, “To his Coy Mistress” 1681 (poetry)
Enlightenment
• René Descartes, Part 4 from
Discourse on Method
, 1637 (philosophical text)
• William Congreve,
The Way of the World
, 1700 (drama-comedy)
• Jonathan Swift, “A Modest Proposal” 1729 (satirical essay)
• Voltaire, “Micromégas” 1752 (short story, science fiction)
• Phillis Wheatley, “To S.M., a Young African Painter, on Seeing his Works” 1773 (poetry)
• Thomas Paine, “Common Sense” 1776 (essay)
• Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, “The Fisherman” 1779 (poetry)
• Immanuel Kant, “An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?” 1784 (essay)
Romanticism
• Lord Byron, “She Walks in Beauty” 1813 (poetry)
• Samuel Taylor Coleridge, “Kubla Khan” 1816 (poetry)
• Edgar Allan Poe, “The Fall of the House of Usher” 1839 (short story)
• Alexander Dumas,
The Count of Monte Cristo
, 1844 (novel)
• Emily Brontë,
Wuthering Heights
, 1847 (novel)
• Herman Melville, “Bartleby, the Scrivener: A Story of Wall-Street” 1853 (short story)
• Emily Dickinson, “A Narrow Fellow in the Grass” 1865 (poetry)
• Friedrich Nietzsche, Book 4 from
The Joyful Wisdom
, 1882 (philosophical text)
Realism
• Charles Dickens,
A Christmas Carol
, 1843 (novella)
• Karl Marx and Friedrich Engles,
The Communist Manifesto
, 1848 (political pamphlet)
• Christina Rossetti, “Goblin Market” 1862 (poetry)
• Matthew Arnold, “Dover Beach” 1867 (poetry)
• Robert Louis Stevenson,
The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde
, 1886 (novella)
• Kate Chopin, “The Story of an Hour” 1894 (short story)
• Mark Twain, “The.
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Similar to Speaking to Entertain Chapter 8The Natur.docx
This document provides an overview of different types of speeches according to their purpose: informative, inspirational, argumentative, persuasive, and entertainment. It defines each type and provides examples and tips for an effective speech of that type. The informative speech aims to teach an audience something new. The inspirational speech aims to motivate or inspire. The argumentative speech aims to convince an audience of a viewpoint. The persuasive speech aims to influence beliefs and behaviors. The entertainment speech aims to make the audience smile and relax.
This document discusses public speaking and provides information on its importance and different types. It begins by defining public speaking as a live presentation before an audience that can be used to educate, entertain, or influence listeners. It then lists 7 benefits of public speaking, including improved communication skills, confidence, and leadership abilities. The document goes on to describe 4 main types of speeches: ceremonial, demonstrative, informative, and persuasive. It provides examples and keys for each type. The conclusion reiterates that public speaking is an important skill that can help distinguish individuals.
This document provides guidance on the art of public speaking. It defines public speaking as speaking to a group to inform, influence, or entertain listeners. It discusses the benefits of improving self-confidence and communication skills. There are three main types of public speaking: informative, persuasive, and entertaining. The document outlines barriers like stage fear and gives guidelines for effective public speaking, including choosing a proper topic, conducting research, practicing, using visual aids, delivering with confidence, and thanking the audience. Body language and facial expressions are important parts of communication beyond just words. Proper preparation and practice are keys to successful public speaking.
How to give effective presentation kunziteHpm India
The document discusses the different types and purposes of presentations: to inform, educate, persuade, entertain, and inspire. It provides examples for each type and notes their key characteristics. Presentations to inform provide facts to audiences, while those to educate aim to teach and have audiences leave knowing more. Persuasive presentations try to convince audiences of a viewpoint or product. Entertaining presentations seek to make audiences feel good through humor or positive experiences. Inspiring presentations aim to motivate change through emotional stories. The document also provides tips for effectively planning, preparing, practicing and delivering a presentation.
This slide about on Presentation strategies. And it is included in 1st year engineering syllabus of Gujarat technical university. this is my first slide on Slideshare so, I hope this will help you.
This document provides an overview of public speaking and oral presentations. It discusses key components such as understanding the audience, structuring the presentation, using effective language and style, managing timing, beginning and ending strongly, answering questions, and leveraging audio/visual aids. The main points are preparing by understanding the purpose and audience, organizing the content into a clear introduction, body, and conclusion, and practicing delivery techniques like voice, body language, and visual aids.
This document provides tips for preparing and delivering an effective speech. It discusses the importance of having a strong introduction that gets the audience's attention and establishes credibility. The body of the speech should answer questions the audience likely has and prioritize key points. Effective delivery requires practicing multiple times, maintaining eye contact with the audience, and using cue cards strategically. The conclusion should signal that the speech is ending and reinforce the central idea. Humor can engage audiences if used appropriately for the context and audience. Body language also significantly impacts delivery, so speakers should communicate positively and naturally.
This document provides guidance on different types of special occasion and group speaking situations. It discusses speeches of introduction, acceptance, after-dinner, tributes, eulogies, nomination, and public testimony. It also covers roasts, toasts, mediated speaking, presenting in small groups, and evaluating small group presentations. The assignment is to write and deliver a tribute speech honoring a famous person who inspires being a better person by emphasizing their character and contributions through stories and achievements.
'Present Like A Pro' is an eBook that provides comprehensive guidance to enhance public speaking skills. It covers everything from preparing a speech to delivering it with confidence and authority. With this eBook, readers will learn effective strategies to conquer stage fright, create powerful visual aids, engage their audience, and leave a lasting impression.
This document provides guidance on developing public speaking skills. It discusses communication skills, types of speeches, writing a speech outline, finding topics, delivery tips, and steps for successful speeches. The key points covered are expressing ideas clearly, active listening, informative, persuasive and entertaining speeches, outlining introduction, body and conclusion, choosing appropriate topics, practicing delivery, relaxing nerves, and gaining experience through practice.
Public speaking is the art of presenting ideas to an audience. It aims to inform, educate, entertain, persuade or stimulate the listeners. An effective speech is well organized with an introduction, body and conclusion. The introduction should grab the audience's attention and outline the main points. The body provides supporting details on the three to five main points from least to most important. The conclusion restates the central theme and main points and leaves the audience satisfied. There are different types of presentations including informative, persuasive, instructional and arousing, each with their own goals and structures. Effective public speaking requires practice and preparation as well as techniques to manage nerves and engage the audience.
This document discusses various topics related to presentations and communication skills. It covers presentation skills and techniques, the different types of presentations including informative, instructional, arousing, and persuasive. It also discusses video conferencing systems, formal and informal interviews, progressive and group interviews, and communication etiquettes. Planning, developing, and rehearsing effective presentations are also addressed.
The document discusses effective presentation skills. It covers topics like reducing stage fright through preparation, using voice as a communication tool, and using visual aids to enhance a presentation rather than replace the speaker. Effective presentations require skills like structuring content in a logical pyramid format, engaging the audience, and summarizing key points.
This document provides guidance on crafting effective speeches. It discusses the purpose and formats of different types of speeches, including informal speeches for everyday occasions and formal speeches intended to motivate or inspire audiences. The document outlines the typical parts of a speech, including greetings, an introduction establishing the speaker and purpose, the main content and message, and a conclusion emphasizing the speaker's desired takeaway. It also includes examples of speeches in different contexts and prompts for analyzing speech elements like tone, word choice, and literary devices.
1. The document provides information about expository writing, which aims to present or provide information about a topic in an educational and purposeful way through facts, descriptions, explanations, and enumerating processes.
2. It then discusses public speaking, which usually involves communicating information to a live audience formally to inform, influence, or entertain. Common forms are prepared speeches with research and practice or impromptu speeches with little preparation time.
3. The document concludes with tips for effective public speaking techniques like knowing your purpose and audience, planning, using gestures and eye contact, practicing, and being open to questions.
Some people are feel uncomfortable to express their views to other. It is also a type of hesitation. Here are the best tips for reduce the fear of public speaking and get bold.So take a look at these ideas of public speaking
Presentation skills encompass verbal and nonverbal communication techniques used to effectively convey information and ideas to an audience. Some key presentation skills include body language, voice projection, active listening, understanding the audience, and having confidence during the presentation. Mastering these skills allows presenters to engage audiences and achieve their objectives of informing, persuading, or motivating others.
This guide provides instructions for delivering an effective presentation skills course, including materials for instructors to use. It outlines the target audience as supervisors and managers who give presentations, and lists the learning objectives as applying successful presentation methods, developing content, preparing effective presentations, and using visual aids. The document provides guidance on title, purpose, research, the four cornerstones method of preparation, awareness of presentation details, and including an introduction, body, and conclusion.
The document provides guidance on developing effective public speaking skills. It outlines the objectives of becoming an confident public speaker who can overcome the fear of public speaking and present persuasive speeches. It discusses the importance of communication skills and defines public speaking as communicating to inform, influence or entertain an audience. The document then provides tips for engaging audiences, such as telling them what they will learn, using silence and pauses effectively, and emphasizing key points. It also recommends using stories, humor and unexpected elements to hold attention. Maintaining composure and preparing for events are discussed as important communication skills.
This document provides guidelines for writing and delivering a persuasive speech, including how to plan and draft the speech, practice delivering it, and revise it based on feedback. The planning process involves clarifying your position on the issue, finding evidence to support your stance, considering your audience, and deciding how to structure your arguments for maximum impact. When practicing, speakers should present aloud multiple times, using recordings to evaluate their delivery. Feedback from peer reviewers should be addressed by clarifying arguments, speaking more clearly, providing additional evidence, or making the presentation more engaging.
Similar to Speaking to Entertain Chapter 8The Natur.docx (20)
In this unit, you will experience the powerful impact communication .docxwhitneyleman54422
This document provides instructions for an assignment requiring students to download a template, follow the instructions in the template to complete an analysis of communication concepts relating to cultural diversity, and demonstrate their understanding through in-text citations and references in APA format.
In this task, you will write an analysis (suggested length of 3–5 .docxwhitneyleman54422
In this task, you will write an analysis (
suggested length of 3–5 pages
) of one work of literature. Choose
one
work from the list below:
Classical Period
• Sappho, “The Anactoria Poem” ca. 7th century B.C.E. (poetry)
• Aeschylus, “Song of the Furies” from
The Eumenides
, ca. 458 B.C.E. (poetry)
• Sophocles,
Antigone
, ca. 442 B.C.E. (drama)
• Aristotle, Book 1 from the
Nichomachean Ethics
, ca. 35 B.C.E. (philosophical text)
• Augustus,
The Deeds of the Divine Augustus
, ca. 14 C.E. (funerary inscription)
• Ovid, “The Transformation of Daphne into a Laurel” an excerpt from Book 1 of
The Metamorphoses
, ca. 2 C.E. (poetry)
Renaissance
• Francesco Petrarch, “The Ascent of Mount Ventoux” 1350 (letter)
• Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, the first seven paragraphs of the “Oration on the Dignity of Man” ca. 1486 (essay excerpt)
• Leonardo da Vinci, Chapter 28 “Comparison of the Arts” from
The Notebooks
ca. 1478-1518 (art text)
• Edmund Spenser, Sonnet 30, “My Love is like to Ice” from
Amoretti
1595 (poetry)
• William Shakespeare, Sonnet 18, “Shall I Compare Thee to a Summer’s Day” 1609 (poetry)
• Francis Bacon, “Of Studies” from
The Essays or Counsels…
1625 (essay)
• Anne Bradstreet, “In Honour of that High and Mighty Princess, Queen Elizabeth” 1643 (poetry)
• Andrew Marvell, “To his Coy Mistress” 1681 (poetry)
Enlightenment
• René Descartes, Part 4 from
Discourse on Method
, 1637 (philosophical text)
• William Congreve,
The Way of the World
, 1700 (drama-comedy)
• Jonathan Swift, “A Modest Proposal” 1729 (satirical essay)
• Voltaire, “Micromégas” 1752 (short story, science fiction)
• Phillis Wheatley, “To S.M., a Young African Painter, on Seeing his Works” 1773 (poetry)
• Thomas Paine, “Common Sense” 1776 (essay)
• Johann Wolfgang von Goethe, “The Fisherman” 1779 (poetry)
• Immanuel Kant, “An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?” 1784 (essay)
Romanticism
• Lord Byron, “She Walks in Beauty” 1813 (poetry)
• Samuel Taylor Coleridge, “Kubla Khan” 1816 (poetry)
• Edgar Allan Poe, “The Fall of the House of Usher” 1839 (short story)
• Alexander Dumas,
The Count of Monte Cristo
, 1844 (novel)
• Emily Brontë,
Wuthering Heights
, 1847 (novel)
• Herman Melville, “Bartleby, the Scrivener: A Story of Wall-Street” 1853 (short story)
• Emily Dickinson, “A Narrow Fellow in the Grass” 1865 (poetry)
• Friedrich Nietzsche, Book 4 from
The Joyful Wisdom
, 1882 (philosophical text)
Realism
• Charles Dickens,
A Christmas Carol
, 1843 (novella)
• Karl Marx and Friedrich Engles,
The Communist Manifesto
, 1848 (political pamphlet)
• Christina Rossetti, “Goblin Market” 1862 (poetry)
• Matthew Arnold, “Dover Beach” 1867 (poetry)
• Robert Louis Stevenson,
The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde
, 1886 (novella)
• Kate Chopin, “The Story of an Hour” 1894 (short story)
• Mark Twain, “The.
In this SLP you will identify where the major transportation modes a.docxwhitneyleman54422
In this SLP you will identify where the major transportation modes are used in the EESC from SLP3: rail, inland water, ocean steamer, and/or OTR.
There are five basic transportation modes: rail, inland water ways, ocean, over-the-road, and air. We will not be concerned about air transport in this SLP as it is the least used and most expensive in general supply chain transportation.
Review and read these resources on these three transportation modes: rail, inland water, and OTR. Ocean is not included in these readings since it is mainly used for importing and exporting. This will be covered in more detail in LOG502. But you are asked to identify where ocean transport is used, but not in detail.
RESOURCES - SEE SLP 3 RESOURCES IN BACKGROUND PAGE
Session Long Project
Review the EESC from SLP2. Identify in the EESC where each of the four modes of transportation are used: rail, inland water, ocean, and OTR. You can use topic headings for each mode. Identify the materials being transported from which industry to which industry. Discuss why this mode is being used and what the costs are on a per ton-mile basis.
SLP Assignment Expectations
The paper should include:
Background:
Briefly
review and discuss the targeted product, company, and industry
Diagram: Include the diagram of the EESC
Transportation Discussion: Discuss each of the four transportation modes (rail, inland water, ocean, OTR) in the EESC and where each one is used. Discuss why this mode is used and the costs of using.
Clarity and Organization: The paper should be well organized and clearly discuss the various topics and issues in depth and breadth.
Use of references and citations: at least six (6) proper references should be used correctly, cited in the text, and listed in the references using proper APA format.
Length: The paper should be three to four pages – the body of the paper excluding title page and references page.
NOTE: You can use the transportation resources. You should also do independent research and find at least two additional appropriate references, for a total of at least six.
SLP Resources
Waterways
American Society of Civil Engineers. (2014). Report card for America’s infrastructure.
Infrastructure Report Card.
Retrieved from
http://www.infrastructurereportcard.org/fact-sheet/inland-waterways
Texas Transportation Institute. (2009). A Modal Comparison Of Domestic Freight Transportation Effects On The General Public, retrieved from
http://www.nationalwaterwaysfoundation.org/study/FinalReportTTI.pdf
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. (2014). The U.S. Waterway System, Transportation Facts & Information; Navigation Center. Retrieved from
http://www.navigationdatacenter.us/factcard/factcard12.pdf
Railroads
Bureau of Transportation Statistics (Rail), retrieved from
https://www.bts.gov/topics/rail
USDOT (2012). Freight rail: data & resources. Retrieved on 20 Sep 2016 from
https://www.fra.dot.gov/Page/P0365
American Association of Railroads. Ret.
In this module the student will present writing which focuses attent.docxwhitneyleman54422
In this module the student will present writing which focuses attention on himself or herself (personal writing). We will start into college composition by reading a series of essays that explore the rhetorical modes of narration and decscription. If you think about your own lives, you'll note the importance of the stories that surround you. Think of your family's story, your friends' stories, and your very own story. Think of the detail that constitute these stories, of how they engage your sense of taste, touch, sound, smell, and sight. This module will focus on how you can better craft your own story and share it with others.
Competencies Addressed in this Module:
Competency #1: The student will demonstrate an understanding of the writing process by:
Choosing and limiting a subject that can be sufficiently developed within a given time, for a specific purpose, for a specific purpose and audience.
Developing and refining pre-writing and planning skills.ormulating the main point to reflect the subject and purpose of the writing.
Formulating the main point to reflect the subject and purpose of the writing.
Supporting the main point with specific details and arranging them logically.
Writing an effective conclusion.
Competency #3: The student will demonstrate the ability to proofread, edit, and revise by:
Recognizing and correcting errors in clarity
Recognizing and correcting errors in unity and coherence.
Using conventional sentence structure and correcting sentence errors such as fragments, run-ons, comma splices, misplaced modifiers and faulty parallelism.
Recognizing and correcting errors in utilizing the conventions of Standard American English including:
Using standard verb forms and consistent tense.
Maintaining agreement between subject and verb, pronoun and antecedent.
Using proper case forms--consistent point of view.
Using standard spelling, punctuation, and capitalization.
Selecting vocabulary appropriate to audience, purpose, and occasion.
Aditional inf: I am a woma. I am 25 years old. I have a husband and a one year old son
.
In this module, we looked at a variety of styles in the Renaissa.docxwhitneyleman54422
In this module, we looked at a variety of styles in the Renaissance in Italy. Artists like Botticelli, Bellini, Michelangelo, and Bronzino all incorporated Renaissance characteristics into their works, and yet their works look different from each other.
To address form and content in the artistic developments and trends that took place in the Renaissance, look closely at examples from each of these artists.
Choose one painting by one of the artists listed above, and identify characteristics and techniques of the Renaissance style.
Then, address how the work departed from typical Renaissance formulas to become signature to that artist's particular style.
Finally, why did you select this artist? What draws you to their work?
.
In this experiential learning experience, you will evaluate a health.docxwhitneyleman54422
In this experiential learning experience, you will evaluate a healthcare plan using the attached worksheet. The selected plan can be your own health insurance or another plan.
Step 1
Use published information on the selected health insurance plan to complete the
assignment 5.1 worksheet
.
Step 2
Create a 7-10 slide Power Point presentation to include the following:
Introduction to the plan, including geographic boundaries
Major coverage inclusions and exclusions (Medical, Dental, Vision etc.)
Costs to consumer for insurance under the plan (include premiums, deductibles, copays, prescription costs)
Health insurance plan ratings if available. If no ratings are found for this plan, include a possible explanation for this situation.
Evaluation of the health insurance plan-include your evaluation of this plan from two standpoints:
a consumer-focused on costs, coverage, and ease of use
a public health nurse- focused on access to care for populations and improving health outcomes.
Cite all sources in APA format on a reference slide and with on-slide citations.
.
In this essay you should combine your practice responding and analyz.docxwhitneyleman54422
In this essay you should combine your practice responding and analyzing short stories with support derived from research. So far in class, we have practiced primarily formal analysis. Now I want you to practice "joining the conversation." In this essay you will write a literary analysis that incorporates the ideas of others. The trick is to accurately present ideas and interpretations gathered from your research while adding to the conversation by presenting
your own
ideas and analysis.
You will be evaluated based on how well you use external sources. I want to see that you can quote, paraphrase and summarize without plagiarizing. Remember, any unique idea must be credited, even if you put it in your own words.
Choose one of the approaches explained in the "Approaches to Literary Analysis" located at the bottom of this document. Each approach will require research, and that research should provide the context in which you present your own ideas and support your thesis. Be sure to properly document your research. Review the information, notes, and pamphlets I have distributed in class as these will help guide you.
While I am asking you to conduct outside research, do not lose sight of the primary text to which you are responding---the story! Your research should support
your
interpretations of the story. Be sure that your thesis is relevant to the story and that you quote generously from the story.
Purpose:
critical analysis, Argument, writing from sources
Length:
approx 1200 words
Documentation:
Minimum of 4 sources required (one primary source—the story or poem analyzed, and three secondary, peer reviewed journals). (Note: review the material in "finding and evaluating sources.ppt" to help you choose relevant and trustworthy sources.)
Choose from the following short stories:
The Lottery,
Shirley Jackson
A Rose for Emily,
William Faulkner
The Dead
, James Joyce
The Veldt
, Ray Bradbury
Hills Like White Elephants,
Ernest Hemingway
The Cask of Amontillado or The Tell-Tale Heart,
Edgar Allen Poe
Below are some examples.
They are just here to give you an idea of the type of approaches that will work for this essay.
1. Philosophical analysis: How do the stories by Jean Paul Sartre and Albert Camus reflect the philosophy of existentialism?
2. Socio/cultural analysis: What opinion about marriage and gender roles does Hemingway advance in "The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber"?
3. Historical analysis:: What social dilemmas faced by African Americans in the 1960s might have inspired Toni Cade Bambara to write "The Lesson"?
4. Biographical analysis: What events in Salman Rushdie's life might have influenced the events in "At the Auction of the Ruby Slippers"?
5. Psychological analysis: How is John Cheever's "The Swimmer" a metaphor for the psychology of addiction?
Approaches to Literary analysis
Formal analysis
- This type of analysis focuses on the formal elements of the work (language.
In this Discussion, pick one film to write about and answer ques.docxwhitneyleman54422
In this Discussion, pick one film to write about and answer questions below the film descriptions. If it has been a while since you have seen these films, they are available through online sources and various rental outlets. Although I have provided links to some of the films, I cannot guarantee they are still operable. If the links do not work, try your own online sources.
Dances with Wolves
(1990). Lt. John Dunbar (Kevin Costner) is assigned to the Western frontier on his own request after an act of bravery. He finds himself at an abandoned outpost. At first he maintains strict order using the methods and practices taught to him by the military, but as the film progresses, he makes friends with a nearby Native American tribe, and his perceptions of the military, the frontier, and Native Americans change dramatically.
Working Girl
(1988) Tess McGill (Melanie Griffith) works as a secretary for a large firm involved in acquiring media corporations such as radio and television. When her boss has a skiing accident, Tess gets a chance to use her own ideas and research, ideas that she has been keeping within herself for years – ideas that are arguably better, and more insightful into mass media practices, than her boss’s ideas were.
Schindler’s List
(1993). In Poland during World War II, Oskar Schindler (Liam Neeson) gradually becomes concerned for his Jewish workforce after witnessing their persecution by the Nazis. He initially was motivated by profit, but as the war progressed he began to sympathize with his Jewish workers and attempted to save them. He was credited with saving over 1000 Jews from extermination. (Based on a true story.)
Gran Torino
(2008). Walt Kowalski (Clint Eastwood), a recently widowed Korean War veteran alienated from his family and angry at the world. Walt's young neighbor, an Asian American, is pressured into stealing Walt's prized 1972 Ford Gran Torino by his cousin for his initiation into a gang. Walt thwarts the theft and subsequently develops a relationship with the boy and his family.
Describe the specific theories, assumptions, or “schools of thought” that the characters in the film have. How do their schools of thought differ?
How do the main characters change over the course of a film? How do their goals or desires change? Do they see themselves differently by the end of the film?
Which reflective theory from the course best illustrates the process the main characters go through during the film? How so?
Would you say that the main characters evolved or grew after learning something that was new, or a new approach, a new theory, or a new understanding of their place in the world?
I suggest that you refrain from reiterating the plotline. Rather, stay focused on character changes and the influences on those changes. Be sure to refer to the readings; use proper citations! This discussion will be scored based on the
Grading Rubric for Discussions
Please include the name of your film in the d.
In this assignment, you will identify and interview a family who.docxwhitneyleman54422
This assignment requires students to interview a family experiencing stress from a new life event such as a baby, job change, or divorce. Students must obtain written consent from the family, agree not to publish any identifying information, and use the information only for classroom purposes. During the interview, students will gather details about the family, the history and cause of their stress, how family members responded to life events, family dynamics, strengths, coping strategies, and goals. Students will then analyze the family using research and theory, provide recommendations for support resources, and reflect on communication skills used during the interview. The final paper will be 6-8 pages following APA format.
In this assignment, you will assess the impact of health legisla.docxwhitneyleman54422
In this assignment, you will assess the impact of health legislation on nursing practice and communicate your analysis to your peers. GovTrack.us provides a list of federal health bills that are currently in process in Congressional Committees.
CO4: Integrates clinical nursing judgment using effective communication strategies with patients, colleagues, and other healthcare providers. (PO#4)
CO7: Integrates the professional role of leader, teacher, communicator, and manager of care to plan cost-effective, quality healthcare to consumers in structured and unstructured settings. (PO#7)
.
In this assignment, you will create a presentation. Select a topic o.docxwhitneyleman54422
In this assignment, you will create a presentation. Select a topic of your choice from any subject we have covered in this course.
TOPICS..
INTERNET
COMPUTERS
MOBILE AND GAME DEVICES
DATA AND INFORMATION
THE WEB
DIGITAL SECURITY AND PRIVACY
PROGRAMS AND APPS
COMMUNICATION AND NETWORKS
TECHNOLOGY USERS
THE INTERNET
GRAPHICS AND MEDIA APPLICATIONS
FILE, DISK AND SYSTEM MANAGEMENT TOOLS
PROCESSORS
CLOUD COMPUTING
ADAPTERS
POWER SUPPLY AND BATTERIES
WIRELESS SECURITY
Explain why you select this topic.
Explain why this topic is important.
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of your select topic.
Include any other information you might thing is relative to your topic.
Your presentation should be a minimum of 15-20 slides in length. Include the title, references, images, graphics, and diagrams.
.
In this assignment, the student will understand the growth and devel.docxwhitneyleman54422
In this assignment, the student will understand the growth and development of executive leadership by looking at the dynamics between the president and Congress in the period from the founding to the Spanish-American War. In a 6–8- page paper, the student will focus on: 1) how presidents pursued international relations, 2) how presidents were able to project force, and 3) congressional restrictions on presidential actions. The student may write about the president of his/her choice.
.
In this assignment, I want you to locate two pieces of news detailin.docxwhitneyleman54422
In this assignment, I want you to locate two pieces of news detailing how an organization is responding to the COVID-19 crisis. You will turn this assignment into me via a Word Document attached to a separate email titled "extra credit assignment, Your Name" with your actual name in the subject line so I know to save the email for grading.
You need to analyze how businesses are handling the current COVID-19 crisis and I want to see if you can track down a press release from the organization, an email to their stakeholders, or even a screenshot of their website in which they explicitly address the actions they are taking in light of this new world we find ourselves in. However, the screenshots, hyperlinks to news stories, etc. are only one component of the assignment, your analysis is far and away from the more important component. Once you have tracked down two examples of how a business/organization is responding to the COVID-19 crisis, I want you to tell me how effective you perceive its action to be. Use any of the vocabulary or concepts that we have learned thus far in the semester to support your analysis. For example, is the business/organization using appropriate new media platforms to reach stakeholders? Is communication timely? Is the organization's tone sincere? What could have been done better? I am expecting one page, double-spaced for the length of your analysis, APA format. The images and or hyperlinks you compile will not be counted towards the length of your writing.
.
In this assignment worth 150 points, you will consider the present-d.docxwhitneyleman54422
In this assignment worth 150 points, you will consider the present-day relevance of history with a current event from a legitimate news source (your instructor will provide several options to choose from) and do the following: (1) summarize the article¿s main idea in a paragraph (5 sentences minimum), (2) write two paragraphs in which you utilize your textbook and notes to analyze how your current event selection relates to the past.
the topics are below, just choose one of the topic from list below..
Neanderthals and string
Neanderthals Left Africa Sooner Than We Think?
Discovery of Neanderthal Skeleton and Burial
Searching for Nefertiti
Discovery of Donkeys Used in Polo (Ancient China)
Ancient Maya Capital Found in Backyard
Long Lost Greek City Found
Ancient Roman Weapon
Viking Burial Discovery
Saving Timbuktu's Treasures
.
In the readings thus far, the text identified many early American in.docxwhitneyleman54422
In the readings thus far, the text identified many early American interests in the Middle East from geopolitical to missionary. Using the text and your own research, compare these early interests with contemporary American interests in the Middle East.
In particular, how has becoming 1) a global hegemon after WWII and 2) the concurrent process of ‘secularization’ transformed American foreign policy thought and behavior toward Israel and the Middle East region generally? What themes have remained constant and what appear new? Would you attribute changes more to America’s new geopolitical role after WWII, or to the increasing secularization of American society? Explain carefully. In 500 words
.
In the Roman Colony, leaders, or members of the court, were to be.docxwhitneyleman54422
In the Roman Colony, leaders, or members of the court, were to be:
•Local elites•Be freeborn•Between the ages of 22 – 55•Community resident•Moral integrity
From the members, two were chosen as unpaid chief magistrates (Judges). They would have to “buy into” that position, but the recognition was worth the financial output. This week's discussion prompter is:
Money alone influences others. Please analyze and critically discuss.
In your response, remember that all this is about leadership, the context which is set in Rome.
.
In the provided scenario there are a few different crimes being .docxwhitneyleman54422
In the provided scenario there are a few different crimes being committed and each could be argued multiple ways.
Steve could be charged with attempted murder. He was stabbing Michelle in the chest repeatedly. Due to the details of the scenario his charge could only be attempted because Michelle got up from the attack and charged Stacy. If she later died from her injuries Steve would/could be charged with murder. Even though he was “visibly drunk” he still maintained the purposely, knowing, or reckless intent to cause harm. He was coherent enough to make statements to her about how much he loved her, but still showed an extreme indifference to life and intent cause serious bodily harm. The biggest obstacle to a murder charge for Steve is his death. He cannot be charged with anything if he cannot be alive to defend himself. This takes care of the Steve factor.
Initially Stacy could be found guilty of murder. She knowingly and intentionally took the life of another (Steve). She also expresses an intent to kill when she stated, “I have had enough of you Steve”. From the scenario it is documented that she did not care for Steve and along with her statements, it can be shown that she was “just waiting for the opportunity” to kill Steve. In her favor is the fact that she attempted to stop Steve from harming another person. Her actions, while resulting in the death of another, were in the defense of a harmed person. She possibly saved the life of Michelle by using reasonable force to stop the stabbing.
Michelle could be charged with attempted murder as well. She stabbed Stacey in the chest while screaming, “how dare you”. She intended to cause death or serious physical injury. Again, if Stacey died from the wounds suffered, Michelle could/would be charged with murder. It could also be argued that Michelle had no malice aforethought. She was being stabbed and may not have known her actions were wrong. Her extreme circumstance clouded her reasonable decision making and all she was aware of is that her boyfriend, whom she loved, was just killed. This is unlikely but still a small possibility. Without more facts from the scenario it is difficult to fully play out all possibilities.
respond to this discussion question in 150 words no references please
.
STOP THE MEETING MADNESS HOW TO FREE UP TIME FOR ME.docxwhitneyleman54422
STOP
THE
MEETING
MADNESS
HOW TO FREE UP TIME FOR
MEANINGFUL WORK
BY LESLIE A. PERLOW, CONSTANCE NOONAN HADLEY, AND EUNICE EUN
SHARE THIS ARTICLE. HBR LINK MAKES IT EASY.
SEE PAGE 41 FOR INSTRUCTIONS.
FEATURE STOP THE MEETING MADNESS
62 HARVARD BUSINESS REVIEW JULY–AUGUST 2017
EL
EN
A
K
U
LI
KO
VA
/G
ET
TY
IM
A
G
ES
JULY–AUGUST 2017 HARVARD BUSINESS REVIEW 63
P
Poking fun at meetings is the stuff of Dilbert car-
toons—we can all joke about how soul-sucking and
painful they are. But that pain has real consequences
for teams and organizations. In our interviews with
hundreds of executives, in fields ranging from high
tech and retail to pharmaceuticals and consulting,
many said they felt overwhelmed by their meetings—
whether formal or informal, traditional or agile, face-
to-face or electronically mediated. One said, “I cannot
get my head above water to breathe during the week.”
Another described stabbing her leg with a pencil to
stop from screaming during a particularly torturous
staff meeting. Such complaints are supported by re-
search showing that meetings have increased in length
and frequency over the past 50 years, to the point
where executives spend an average of nearly 23 hours
a week in them, up from less than 10 hours in the
1960s. And that doesn’t even include all the impromptu
gatherings that don’t make it onto the schedule.
Much has been written about this problem, but the
solutions posed are usually discrete: Establish a clear
agenda, hold your meeting standing up, delegate
someone to attend in your place, and so on. We’ve
observed in our research and consulting that real im-
provement requires systemic change, because meet-
ings affect how people collaborate and how they get
their own work done.
Yet change of such scope is rarely considered. When
we probed into why people put up with the strain that
meetings place on their time and sanity, we found
something surprising: Those who resent and dread
meetings the most also defend them as a “necessary
evil”—sometimes with great passion. Consider this
excerpt from the corporate blog of a senior executive
in the pharmaceutical industry:
I believe that our abundance of meetings at our
company is the Cultural Tax we pay for the inclusive,
learning environment that we want to foster…
and I’m ok with that. If the alternative to more
meetings is more autocratic decision-making, less
input from all levels throughout the organization,
and fewer opportunities to ensure alignment and
communication by personal interaction, then give
me more meetings any time!
To be sure, meetings are essential for enabling col-
laboration, creativity, and innovation. They often foster
relationships and ensure proper information exchange.
They provide real benefits. But why would anyone ar-
gue in defense of excessive meetings, especially when
no one likes them much?
Because executives want to be good soldiers. When
they sacrifice their own .
Stoichiometry Lab – The Chemistry Behind Carbonates reacting with .docxwhitneyleman54422
Stoichiometry Lab – The Chemistry Behind Carbonates reacting with Vinegar
Objectives: To visually observe what a limiting reactant is.
To measure the change in mass during a chemical reaction due to loss of a gas.
To calculate CO2 loss and compare actual loss to expected CO2 loss predicted by the balanced chemical equation.
Materials needed: Note: Plan ahead as you’ll need to let Part 1 sit for at least 24 hours.
plastic beaker graduated cylinder
electronic balance 2 eggs
1 plastic cup baking soda (5 g)
dropper vinegar (500mL)
2 identical cups or glasses (at least 500 mL)
Safety considerations: Safety goggles are highly recommended for this lab as baking soda and vinegar chemicals can be irritating to the eyes. If your skin becomes irritated from contact with these chemicals, rinse with cool water for 15 minutes.
Introduction:
The reaction between baking soda and vinegar is a fun activity for young people. Most children (and adults!) enjoy watching the foamy eruption that occurs upon mixing these two household substances. The reaction has often been used for erupting volcanoes in elementary science classes. The addition of food coloring makes it even more fun. The reaction involves an acid-base reaction that produces a gas (CO2). Acid-base reactions typically involve the transfer of a hydrogen ion (H+) from the acid (HA) to the base (B−):
HA + B− --> A− + BH (eq #1)
acid base
The base often (although not always) carries a negative charge. The acid usually (although not always) becomes negatively charged through the course of the reaction because it lost an H+. An example of a typical acid base reaction is below:
HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) --> NaCl(aq) + H2O(l) (eq #2)
The reaction is actually taking place between the hydrogen ion (H+) and the hydroxide ion (OH−). The chloride and sodium are spectator ions. To write the reaction in the same form as eq #1:
HCl(aq) + OH- --> Cl- + H2O (l) (eq #3)
Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) will dissociate in water to form sodium ion (Na+) and bicarbonate ion (HCO3−).
NaHCO3 --> Na+ + HCO3− (eq #4)
Vinegar is usually a 5% solution of acetic acid in water. The bicarbonate anion (HCO3−) can act as a base, accepting a hydrogen ion from the acetic acid (HC2H3O2) in the vinegar. The Na+ is just a spectator ion and does nothing.
HCO3− + HC2H3O2 --> H2CO3 + C2H3O2− (eq#5)
Bicarbonate acetic acid carbonic acid acetate ion
The carbonic acid that is formed (H2CO3) decomposes to form water and carbon dioxide:
H2CO3 --> H2O(l) + CO2(g) (eq#6)
carbonic acid water carbon dioxide
The latter reaction (production of carbon dioxide) accounts for the bubbles and the foaming that is observed upon mixing vinegar and baki.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
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For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
How to Manage Your Lost Opportunities in Odoo 17 CRMCeline George
Odoo 17 CRM allows us to track why we lose sales opportunities with "Lost Reasons." This helps analyze our sales process and identify areas for improvement. Here's how to configure lost reasons in Odoo 17 CRM
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
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1. Speaking to Entertain
Chapter 8
The Nature of Entertainment
and
Understanding Entertaining Speeches
The Nature of EntertainmentOften speaking is not traditional
informative or persuasive speeches; instead we are asked to
entertain. Knowing how to deliver speeches in a variety of
different contexts is the nature of entertaining speaking.
Understanding Entertaining Speeches
Entertaining SpeechA speech designed to captivate an
audience’s attention and regale or amuse them while delivering
2. a message.Entertaining speeches should communicate a clear
message, but the manner of speaking used in an entertaining
speech is typically different than a traditional informative or
persuasive speech.
Two Basic Occasions for Entertaining SpeechesEntertaining
speeches are often delivered on special occasions (e.g., a toast
at a wedding, an acceptance speech at an awards banquet),
which is why they are sometimes referred to as special-occasion
speeches.Entertaining speeches are often delivered on more
mundane occasions, where their purpose is primarily to amuse
audience members or arouse them emotionally in some
way.When we use the word “entertain,” we are not just referring
to humor but also to drama.
Four Ingredients to Entertaining Speeches
Be PreparedThe biggest mistake you can make when standing to
deliver an entertaining speech is to underprepare or simply not
prepare at all.By writing down some simple notes, you’ll be less
likely to deliver a bad speech.
Be Adaptive to the OccasionNot all content is appropriate for
all occasions.Remember that being a competent speaker is about
being both personally effective and socially
appropriate.Different occasions will call for different levels of
social appropriateness.One of the biggest mistakes entertaining
speakers can make is to deliver one generic speech to different
3. groups without adapting the speech to the specific
occasion.When we tailor speeches for special occasions, people
are more likely to remember those speeches than if we give a
generic speech.
Be Adaptive to your AudienceWe cannot stress the importance
of audience adaptation.Different audiences will respond
differently to speech material, so the more you know about your
audience the more likely you’ll succeed in your speech.
Be Mindful of the TimeDifferent entertaining speech situations
have their own conventions and rules with regard to
time.Acceptance speeches and toasts, for example, should be
relatively short (typically under five minutes).A speech of
introduction should be extremely brief—just long enough to tell
the audience what they need to know about the person being
introduced in a style that prepares them to appreciate that
person’s remarks.Commencement speeches and speeches to
commemorate events can run ten to twenty minutes in length.
Be Mindful of the Time cont.Audiences on different occasions
will expect speeches of various lengths.Although it’s true that
graduation commencement speakers generally speak for ten to
twenty minutes, the closer that speaker heads toward twenty
minutes the more fidgety the audience becomes.If you’re not
sure about the expected time frame for a speech, either ask the
person who has invited you to speak or do some quick research
to see what the average speech times in the given context tend
to be.
4. Special Occasion Speeches
Special Occasion SpeechesSpeeches given to mark the
significance of particular events.Common events include
weddings, bar mitzvahs, awards ceremonies, funerals, and
political events.Speakers are asked to deliver speeches relating
to the event.There are two types of special occasion speeches:
ceremonial and inspirational.
Ceremonial Speaking Ceremonial speeches are speeches given
during a ceremony or a ritual marked by observance of
formality or etiquette.
Eight Types of
Ceremonial Speaking
Speeches of IntroductionA minispeech given by the host of a
ceremony that introduces another speaker and his or her
speech.A speech of introduction should be a complete speech
and have a clear introduction, body, and conclusion—and you
should do it all in under two minutes.
5. Speeches of PresentationA speech of presentation is a brief
speech given to accompany a prize or honor.Steps for
Conducting a Speech of PresentationYou should explain what
the award or honor is and why the presentation is important.You
can explain what the recipient has accomplished in order for the
award to be bestowed.If the race or competition was conducted
in a public forum and numerous people didn’t win, you may
want to recognize those people for their efforts as well.
Speeches of AcceptanceA speech given by the recipient of a
prize or honor.Three Typical Components of a Speech of
AcceptanceYou want to thank the people who have given you
the award or honor and possibly those who voted for you.You
want to give credit to those who helped you achieve the award
or /honor.Put the award in perspective by explaining why the
award is meaningful to you.
Speeches of DedicationSpeech delivered when a new store
opens, a building is named after someone, a plaque is placed on
a wall, or when a new library is completed, and so on.Four Parts
of a Speech of DedicationStart by explaining how you are
involved in the dedication.Explain what is being
dedicated.Explain who was involved in the project.Explain why
the structure is important for the community where it’s located.
ToastsSpeech designed to congratulate, appreciate, and/or
remember.Toasts can be delivered for the purpose of
congratulating someone for an honor, a new job, or getting
6. married.You can also toast someone to show your appreciation
for something they’ve done.We toast people to remember them
and what they have accomplished.
Toast GoalsThe first goal is always to keep your remarks
brief.The goal of a toast is to focus attention on the person or
persons being toasted—not on the speaker.Always end by
focusing on the target of the toast and getting people to join you
in recognizing that person.
RoastsSpeech designed to both praise and good-naturedly insult
a person being honored.Preparing for a RoastYou want to really
think about the person who is being roasted.Do they have any
strange habits or amusing stories in their past that you can
discuss?Make sure that you cross anything off your list that is
truly private information or will really hurt the person.You need
to make sure that the items you choose are widely known by
your audience.You should leave the roastee knowing that you
truly do care about and appreciate the person.
EulogiesSpeech given in honor of someone who has
died.Preparing a EulogyYou need to know as much information
about the deceased as possible.Although eulogies are delivered
on the serious and sad occasion of a funeral or memorial service
for the deceased, it is helpful to look for at least one point to be
lighter or humorous.Tell the audience about who this person
was and what the person stood for in life.
7. Speeches of FarewellSpeech that allows someone to say
goodbye to one part of his or her life as he or she is moving on
to the next part of their life.The goal should be to thank the
people in your current position and let them know how much
you appreciate them as you make the move to your next position
in life.
Inspirational Speaking Speech given to elicit or arouse an
emotional state within an audience.
Two Types of Inspirational Speeches
Speeches to Ensure GoodwillGoodwill: An intangible asset that
is made up of the favor or reputation of an individual or
organization.Speeches of goodwill: Speech given in an attempt
to get audience members to view the person or organization
more favorably.
Three Types of Speeches of Goodwill
Speeches for
Public RelationsSpeech designed to enhance one’s own image or
the image of his or her organization.The ultimate goal is to get
people to like the speaker and what he or she represents.
8. Speeches of JustificationSpeech given when someone attempts
to defend why certain actions were taken or will be
taken.Speakers have already enacted (or decided to enact) some
kind of behavior, and are now attempting to justify why the
behavior is or was appropriate.
Speeches of ApologySpeech given as a result of breaking a law
or societal norm.Three Steps of ApologyA speaker needs to be
honest and admit to doing something wrong.Say that you are
sorry.You need to offer restitution.
Speeches for CommencementsSpeech designed to recognize and
celebrate the achievements of a graduating class or other group
of people.
Key Ideas for Developing a Commencement
SpeechCommencement Speech ThemeIf there is a specific
theme for the graduation, make sure that your commencement
speech addresses that theme.If there is no specific theme, come
up with one for your speech.Talk about your life and how
graduates can learn from your experiences to avoid pitfalls or
take advantages of life.Commencement speeches should be
entertaining and make an audience laugh.
Key Ideas for Developing a Commencement Speech cont.The
graduates are there to get their diplomas; their families are there
9. to watch the graduates walk across the stage, so be brief.While
you may be the speaker, you’ve been asked to impart wisdom
and advice for the people graduating and moving on with their
lives, so keep it focused on them.Show the graduates how the
advice and wisdom you are offering can be utilized to make
their own lives better.
Keynote Speaking
Keynote SpeechSpeech delivered to set the underlying tone and
summarize the core message of an event.
Characteristics of KeynotesKeynotes are often given at the end
of an event.There can also be a number of keynote speeches
delivered throughout a longer event that lasts for several
days.People who deliver keynote speeches are typically experts
in a given area who are invited to speak at a conference,
convention, banquet, meeting, or other kind of event for the
purpose of setting a specific tone for the occasion.Some keynote
speakers will actually work for a speakers bureau.
Two Common Types of Keynotes
After-Dinner SpeakingGets its name from the idea that these
10. speeches historically followed a meal of some kind.After-dinner
speakers are generally asked to speak (or hired to speak)
because they have the ability both to speak effectively and to
make people laugh.The basic conventions of public speaking
previously discussed in this text apply to after-dinner speeches,
but the overarching goal of these speeches is to be entertaining
and to create an atmosphere of amusement.After-dinner
speaking effectiveness depends on the successful delivery of
humor.
Comic TimingThe verbal and nonverbal delivery used to
enhance the comedic value of a message.
After-dinner speaking is difficult, not impossible.
Developing an
After- Dinner SpeechUse all that you have learned about
informative or persuasive speeches to prepare a real informative
or persuasive speech roughly two-thirds the length of what the
final speech will become.Go back through the speech and look
for opportunities to insert humorous remarks.
Forms of Verbal Humor
Acronym/AbbreviationCIA—Certified Idiots
11. AnonymousLAPD—Lunatics And Punishment Dispensers
Humorous Advertisement or News Headline“Tiger Woods Plays
with Own Balls, Nike Says” “Federal Agents Raid Gun Shop,
Find Weapons”
AsideA remark meant to be inaudible to someone; letting the
audience in on something unknown to someone else.They are
otherwise known as oxymorons, which are not people who don’t
know how to use acne medication.Colostomy, wasn’t he one of
the Greek Gods?
Definition“A banker is a fellow who lends you his umbrella
when the sun is shining and wants it back the minute it begins
to rain.” Mark TwainSpoiled rotten, or what happens to kids
after spending just ten minutes with their grandparents.
OxymoronFigure of speech in which two seemingly
contradictory or opposite words are used together for effect
(often humorous).Scheduled emergencyGourmet spam
PleonasmFigure of speech in which a speaker uses more (often
redundant) words than necessary to express an idea.Frozen
iceKilled dead
12. MalapropismFigure of speech in which a speaker intentionally
misuses words that sound similar but clearly have different
denotative meanings.He’s a vast suppository of information
(suppository should be repository).This is bound to create
dysentery in the ranks (dysentery should be dissent).
One-LinerA short joke or witty remark or quotation.“Better to
remain silent and be thought a fool, than to speak and remove
all doubt.”—Abraham Lincoln“A computer once beat me at
chess, but it was no match for me at kick boxing.”—Emo
Philips
Self-Effacing HumorHumor that is targeted at the speaker
(making fun of one’s self).I looked over at my clock and it said
7:30, and I had to be at work by 8:00. I got up, got dressed, and
sped to the office. Only then did I realize that it was 7:30 PM
and not 7:30 AM.Thomas Jefferson once said, ‘One should not
worry about chronological age compared to the ability to
perform the task.’…Ever since Thomas Jefferson told me that I
stopped worrying about my age.”—Ronald Reagan
Word Combination with Unusual Visual EffectsThat kid was
about as useful as a football bat.He was finer than frog hair.
Three Reasons for
Testing HumorThe success of humor depends heavily on
13. delivery, and especially timing in delivery.Just because you find
something unbelievably funny in your head doesn’t mean that it
will make anyone else laugh.You need to make sure the humor
you choose will be appropriate for a specific audience.
Tips for Using Humor Personalize or localize humor when
possible.Be clear about which words need emphasis with verbal
humor.Be sure the punch line is at the end. Don’t let on where
the joke is going.Don’t announce, “This is funny,” or “I’m not
very good at telling jokes, but….”Don’t try to use humor that
you don’t know well.Don’t use humor that you don’t find funny.
Tips for Using Humor cont.Don’t apologize if others don’t
laugh.Don’t try to explain the humor if it fails—just move
on.Don’t drag it out! Remember, brevity is the soul of wit.Know
when to stop joking and be serious.Be natural and have fun!
Motivational Speaking
Motivational SpeechSpeech designed not only to make an
audience experience emotional arousal (fear, sadness, joy,
excitement), but also to motivate the audience to do something
with that emotional arousal.A motivational speech helps to
inspire people in a broader fashion, often without a clearly
articulated end result in mind.
14. Four Types of Motivational Speeches
HeroA motivational speech given by someone who is considered
a hero in society (e.g., military speakers, political figures, and
professional athletes).
SurvivorSpeech given by someone who has survived a personal
tragedy or who has faced and overcome serious adversity.
ReligiousSpeech designed to incorporate religious ideals into a
motivational package to inspire an audience into thinking about
or changing aspects of their religious lives.
SuccessSpeech given by someone who has succeeded in some
aspect of life and is giving back by telling others how they too
can be successful.
Delivering the Speech
15. Chapter 7
Four Methods of Delivery
Four Methods of Delivery
Impromptu SpeakingThe presentation of a short message
without advance preparation.
Forms of Impromptu SpeakingImpromptu speeches often occur
when someone is asked to “say a few words” or give a toast on a
special occasion.Self-introductions in group settings are
examples of impromptu speaking.Another example of
impromptu speaking occurs when you answer a question such
as, “What did you think of the documentary?”For our purposes,
we are looking at instances where you would be asked to speak
without advanced preparation in a more public than
interpersonal context.
Step-by-Step Guide for Impromptu SpeakingTake a moment to
collect your thoughts and plan the main point you want to
make.Thank the person for inviting you to speak.Deliver your
message, making your main point as briefly as you can while
still covering it adequately and at a pace your listeners can
follow.Thank the person again for the opportunity to speak.Stop
talking.
16. Extemporaneous SpeakingThe presentation of a carefully
planned and rehearsed speech, spoken in a conversational
manner using brief notes.By using notes rather than a full
manuscript, the extemporaneous speaker can establish and
maintain eye contact with the audience and assess how well they
are understanding the speech as it progresses.The opportunity to
assess is also an opportunity to restate more clearly any idea or
concept that the audience seems to have trouble grasping.
Advantages of Extemporaneous SpeakingIt promotes the
likelihood that you, the speaker, will be perceived as
knowledgeable and credible.Your audience is likely to pay
better attention to the message because it is engaging both
verbally and nonverbally.
Disadvantage of Extemporaneous SpeakingExtemporaneous
speaking requires a great deal of preparation both for the verbal
and the nonverbal components of the speech.
Manuscript SpeakingThe word-for-word iteration of a written
message.The speaker maintains his or her attention on the
printed page except when using visual aids.
Advantages of
Manuscript SpeakingThe speaker can ensure that the exact
17. repetition of original words occurs.In reading one word at a
time, in order, the only errors would typically be
mispronunciation of a word or stumbling over complex sentence
structure.
Disadvantages of Manuscript Speaking It’s typically an
uninteresting way to present.Keeping one’s eyes glued to the
script precludes eye contact with the audience.Some speakers
(e.g., news reports, politicians, etc.) use TelePrompTers to
display their manuscripts.
TelePrompTersTelePrompTers are generally designed for a
specific speaking pace or can actually be manually cued by
someone working in conjunction with the speaker.A speaker can
achieve a conversational tone and give the impression of
speaking extemporaneously while using an autocue
device.However, TelePrompTers are only effective when:The
speaker is already an accomplished public speaker who has
learned to use a conversational tone while delivering a prepared
script.The speech is written in a style that sounds
conversational.
Memorized SpeakingThe rote recitation of a written message
that the speaker has committed to memory.When it comes to
speeches, memorization can be useful when the message needs
to be exact and the speaker doesn’t want to be confined by
notes.
18. Advantages of
Memorized Speaking It enables the speaker to maintain eye
contact with the audience throughout the speech.Can move
freely around the stage and use your hands to make
gestures.Makes working with visual aids easier because you are
not worried about losing your notes.
Disadvantages of Memorized Speaking Unless you also plan and
memorize every vocal cue (the subtle but meaningful variations
in speech delivery, which can include the use of pitch, tone,
volume, and pace), gesture, and facial expression, your
presentation will be flat and uninterestingYou might end up
speaking in a monotone or a sing-song repetitive delivery
pattern.You might also present your speech in a rapid “machine-
gun” style that fails to emphasize the most important points.
Disadvantages of Memorized Speaking cont. If you lose your
place and start trying to ad lib, the contrast in your style of
delivery will alert your audience that something is wrong.If you
go completely blank during the presentation, it will be
extremely difficult to find your place and keep going.
Speaking Contexts that Affect Delivery
Five Elements that
19. Impact Speaking
Using LecternsLectern: A small raised surface, usually with a
slanted top, where a speaker can place notes during a speech.
Problematic Lectern UseFor new speakers who feel anxious, it
is all too tempting to grip the edges of the lectern with both
hands for security.Lecterns place a physical barrier between you
and your audience – this causes an innate disconnect.
Good Lectern UseLimit your use of the lectern as simply a place
to rest your notes.Try stepping to the side or front of the lectern
when speaking with free hands, only occasionally standing at
the lectern to consult your notes.
Small or Large Physical Space
Large SettingsBe aware that your voice is likely to echo.You
will want to speak more slowly than usual and make use of
pauses to mark the ends of phrases and sentences.Your facial
expressions and gestures should be larger so that they are
visible from farther away.Presentation aids need to be large
enough to be visible from the back of the auditorium.
20. Small SettingsA small space also calls for more careful
management of notecards and visual aids, as your audience will
be able to see up close what you are doing with your hands.Do
your best to minimize fumbling, including setting up in advance
or arriving early to decide how to organize your materials in the
physical space.
OutdoorsIf you’re giving a speech in a setting that is
picturesquely beautiful, it may be difficult to maintain the
audience’s attention.Outdoor speech venues can pose challenges
with weather, sun glare, and uninvited guests, such as ants and
pigeons.You will need to use your best efforts to project your
voice clearly without sounding like you’re yelling.
Using a MicrophoneOne overall principle to remember is that a
microphone only amplifies, it does not clarify.If you are not
enunciating clearly, the microphone will merely enable your
audience to hear amplified mumbling.
Clip-On Microphones Generally, the easiest microphone to use
is the clip-on style worn on the front of your shirt.They require
very little adaptation.You simply have to avoid looking down—
at your notes, for instance—because your voice will be
amplified when you do so.
Lectern or Handheld Microphones If they’re too close to your
mouth, they can screech.If they’re too far away, they might not
21. pick up your voice.The best plan, of course, would be to have
access to the microphone for practice ahead of the speaking
date.
Audience Size
Small AudienceA small audience is an opportunity for a more
intimate, minimally formal tone.If your audience has only eight
to twelve people, you can generate greater audience contact.
Large AudienceA large audience provides a less intimate, more
formal tone.You should be guided as much as possible by your
preparation.
Using Notes Effectively
Extemporaneous speaking utilizes notes to enable a speaker to
speak in a more conversational manner.
The Purpose of
Speaker NotesUsing notes adds to your credibility as a
speaker.You will not be tempted to read your entire speech to
your audience, which causes you to sound less real or
22. genuine.Well-prepared cards are more gracefully handled than
sheets of paper, and they don’t rattle if your hands tremble from
nervousness.Notecards look better than sheets of paper.
Creating Notecards Getting StartedPlan on using just five cards,
written on one side only.Get 4 x 6 cards.
Five Card Speaking MethodUse one card for the
introduction.Use one card for body section #1.Use one card for
body section #2.Use one card for body section #3.Use one card
for the conclusion.
Key Tips for Using Notes
Include Only Key WordsYour cards should include key words
and phrases, not full sentences.The words and phrases should be
arranged in order so that you can stay organized and avoid
forgetting important points.One exception to the key word
guideline would be an extended or highly technical quotation
from an authoritative source.
Hold Your Notes NaturallyYou do not need to conceal them
from the audience; in fact, trying to hide and use your notes at
the same time tends to be very awkward and distracting.Avoid
gesturing with your notes on the grounds that nervous shaking
is more noticeable if you are holding your notes in your
23. hand.Practice gesturing with your free hand, or put your cards
down if you need to use both hands.
Prepare Notecards to Trigger RecallThe key words you place on
your notecards should trigger information in your brain related
to the key word.You must discover what works for you and then
select those words that tend to jog your recall.Always practice
with your notecards to ensure that the key words and phrases
you’ve chosen help trigger your memory while speaking.
Write in Large LettersYou should be able to read something on
your card by glancing, not peering at it.A few key words and
phrases, written in large, bold print with plenty of white space
between them, will help you.
Using Notecards EffectivelyIf you lose your place or go blank
during the speech, you will only need a few seconds to find
where you were and get going again.The use of your notecards
allows you to depart from the exact prepared wordings in your
manuscript.Under no circumstances should you put your entire
speech on cards in little tiny writing.
Practicing for Successful
Speech Delivery
24. What Is Good Delivery?
Conversational StyleA speaker’s ability to sound expressive and
to be perceived by the audience as natural.It’s a style that
approaches the way you normally express yourself in a much
smaller group than before a speech audience.You might not feel
natural while you’re using a conversational style, but for the
sake of audience preference and receptiveness, do your best to
appear natural.
Conversational QualityThe notion that a speech should sound
spontaneous no matter how many times an individual speaker
has rehearsed the speech.No one wants to hear a speech that is
so well rehearsed that it sounds fake or robotic.When you can
sound conversational, people pay attention.
Eye ContactA speaker’s ability to have visual contact with
everyone in the audience.Without eye contact, the audience
begins to feel invisible and unimportant, as if the speaker is just
speaking to hear her or his own voice.Sustained eye contact
with your audience is one of the most important tools toward
effective delivery.
Faking Eye ContactYou might feel tempted to resort to “faking”
eye contact with them by looking at the wall just above their
heads or by sweeping your gaze around the room.The problem
25. with fake eye contact is that it tends to look mechanical.You
also lose the opportunity to assess the audience’s understanding
of your message.
Vocalics (paralanguage)The subfield of nonverbal
communication that examines how we use our voices to
communicate orally.Speak loudly enough for all audience
members (even those in the back of the room) to hear you
clearly.Enunciate clearly enough to be understood by all
audience members (even those who may have a hearing
impairment or who may be English-language learners).
Forms of VocalicsVolume: The loudness or softness of a
speaker’s voice.Rate: The speed at which a person speaks.Pitch:
The highness or lowness of a speaker’s voice.Pauses are brief
breaks in a speaker’s delivery that can show emphasis and
enhance the clarity of a message.
Vocal VarietyChanges in the vocalics we have just discussed:
volume, pitch, rate, and pauses.No one wants to hear the same
volume, pitch, rate, or use of pauses over and over again in a
speech.Vocal variety should flow naturally from your wish to
speak with expression.
Forms of Vocalics cont.Pronunciation: The conventional
patterns of speech used to form a word.Why Pronunciation is
ImportantMispronouncing a word your audience is familiar with
will harm your credibility as a speaker.Mispronouncing a word
26. they are unfamiliar with can confuse and even misinform
them.Articulation: The ability to clearly pronounce each of a
succession syllables used to make up a word.
Common Pronunciation IssuesSubstitutions occur when a
speaker replaces one consonant or vowel with another consonant
(water becomes wudda; ask becomes ax).Omissions occur when
a speaker drops a consonant or vowel within a word (Internet
becomes Innet; mesmerized becomes memerized).Distortions
occur when a speaker articulates a word with nasal or slurring
sounds (pencil sounds like mencil; precipitation sounds like
persination).Additions occur when a speaker adds consonants or
vowels to words that are not there (anyway becomes anyways;
athletic becomes athaletic; black becomes buhlack).
Verbal Surrogates or Non-Words Commonly referred to as
“filler” words used as placeholders for actual words (e.g., like,
er, um, uh, etc.).You might be able to get away with saying
“um” as many as two or three times in your speech before it
becomes distracting, but the same cannot be said of “like.”
Effective Physical Manipulation
Physical ManipulationThe use of the body to emphasize
meanings or convey meanings during a speech.
27. Basic Aspects of Physical Manipulation
PostureWhen a speaker stands up straight, he or she
communicates to her or his audience, without saying a word,
that he or she holds a position of power and takes her or his
position seriously.Speakers who slouch, hunch over, or lean on
something, could be perceived as ill-prepared, anxious, lacking
in credibility, or not serious about their responsibilities as
speakers.
Body Movement
Physical MovementWhile moving during a speech is important,
you do not want to pace.One common method for easily
integrating some movement into your speech is to take a few
steps any time you transition from one idea to the next.By only
moving at transition points, not only do you help focus your
audience’s attention on the transition from one idea to the next,
but you also are able to increase your nonverbal immediacy by
getting closer to different segments of your audience.
GesturesAvoid Extremes At one extreme, arm-waving and fist-
pounding will distract from your message and reduce your
credibility.At the other extreme, refraining from the use of
gestures is the waste of an opportunity to suggest emphasis,
enthusiasm, or other personal connection with your topic.Hand
gestures should be used in moderation at carefully selected
times in the speech.You will also want to avoid other distracting
28. movements when you are speaking.
Facial ExpressionsAvoid Extremes You do not want to have a
completely blank face that conveys no emotions while
speaking.You do not want to be the speaker whose face looks
like that of an exaggerated cartoon character.Make sure that
your speech’s content matches your facial expressions.Don’t
talk about death and destruction while smiling.Don’t talk about
your favorite vacation looking like you just stubbed your
toe.Another common problem some new speakers have is
showing only one expression.
DressDress is still a very important part of how others will
perceive you (again, it’s all about the first impression).If you
want to be taken seriously, you must present yourself
seriously.One general rule you can use for determining dress is
the “step-above rule,” which states that you should dress one
step above your audience.
Avoid Distractive
Forms of DressOverly revealing clothingOver-the-top hairstyles
or makeupJangling jewelryDisplaying tattoos and unusual
piercings
Self-PresentationSelf-presentation is determined by how you
look, how you stand, how you walk to the lectern, and how you
use your voice and gestures.Your self-presentation can either
29. enhance your message or detract from it.You want your self-
presentation to support your credibility and improve the
likelihood that the audience will listen with interest.
VarietyYou should be careful to include a variety of different
nonverbal components while speaking.You should make sure
that your face, body, and words are all working in conjunction
with each other to support your message.
Practice EffectivelyIn order to develop your best speech
delivery, you need to practice—and use your practice time
effectively.
Goals of Practice Identifying the Weaknesses in your
DeliveryImproving Your DeliveryBuilding Good Speech
Delivery Habits
Ways of Improving Yourself
Seek Input from OthersBecause we can’t see ourselves as others
see us, one of the best ways to improve your delivery is to seek
constructive criticism from others.Practicing in front of others
before it is time to present your speech, you can anticipate and
correct problems so that you can receive a better evaluation
when you give the speech “for real.”You can also ask your
practice audience members to look for specific delivery
30. problems you know should be addressed.
Use Audio or Video to Record YourselfVideo allows you the
advantage of being able to see yourself as others see you.Audio
allows you to concentrate on the audible aspects of your
delivery.
Good Delivery Is a HabitPublic speaking is an activity that,
when done conscientiously, strengthens with practice.Your
practice sessions will also enable you to make adjustments to
your notecards to make them more effective in supporting your
contact with your audience.The habits you can develop through
targeted practice are to build continuously on your strengths and
to challenge yourself to find new areas for improving your
delivery.