1. Spanish colonization of the Philippines started in 1565 under Miguel Lopez de Legazpi. 2. Literature began to flourish as the Spanish introduced Christianity and the native tradition was documented and translated to local languages like Tagalog. 3. Over centuries of Spanish rule, a rich tradition of Philippine literature developed, ranging from religious texts to novels, plays, and poems that blended European and native styles and themes.

2. The secular rivalry and conflict between
the colonial interest of England and Spain
which the United States inherited, the many
points at which our history touches that of the
former Spanish colonies, and the earlier and
later absorption of Spanish possessions
within our national boundaries make an
intelligent appreciation of the work of Spain
as a colonizing power an important object in
the study of American history.

3. The sixteenth century saw the accomplishment of two great historical
events of world- wide importance: the exploration of the globe, and the
reformation of the church. The latter task, belonging particularly to the spiritual
realm, devolved chiefly on the Germanic peoples; the former, of a more
material nature, on the Romance nations. Italy's Share in Spain's
Achievements. During this entire century Spain was, undoubtedly, the
foremost power of Europe; yet in all of her splendid achievements she had to
rely upon Italy. For example, in the sphere of religion, the foundation of the
Order of Jesuits and the Council of Trent took their origin from Spain and Italy,
equally; upon the whole it would be difficult to say whether the restoration of
the Catholic Church at that time that violent recoil of the Reformation is owing
more to the Spaniards or to the Italians. How often the Spanish armies, in that
age the leading troops of the world, were led by Italian generals! Recall only
Española and Alexander of Parma, not to mention Pescara. I And do not
Spanish literature and art, which from the time of Philip II to that of Louis XIV
unquestionably led those of all Europe, constitute in many respects a beautiful
silver age of the art and literature of Italy.

4. Similarly the discovery of the New World was effected not less by
Italians (Columbus, Americano, Cabot) than by Spaniards. The
former,' as a rule, made the beginning on the sea; the latter, the actual
conquest. Under the Hapsburgs. He who would study the Spanish
colonial system in its peculiar completeness must keep in view the
century and a half from the accession of Philip II to the end. THE
SPANISH COLONIAL SYSTEM of the Hapsburg male line. During the
conquest the government could do little more than gradually to
develop its system, and, in contest with the unrestrained assertions of
independence on the part of the conquistadores, to put it into effect
step by step. On the other hand the Bourbon dynasty, in the
administration of their colonies as in almost every other respect,
disturbed the old Spanish order by imitating foreigners. We cannot
properly explain the /-later colonial policy of the Spaniards as a natural
development; / it is rather partly derived from the old Spanish, and
partly from the French and English policies of the eighteenth century.

5. * Spanish colonization in the Philippines
started in 1565 during the time of Miguel
Lopez de Legazpi, the first Spanish
Governor- General in the Philippine.
* Literature started to flourish during his
time.
* The spaniards colonized the Philippines
for more than 3 centuries.

6. * The spanish colonizers wanted to undermine the
native oral tradition by substituting for it the
story of the Passion of Christ. However, the native
tradition survive and even flourished in areas
inaccessible to the spaniards.
* The church authorities adopted a policy of
spreading the church doctrines by communicating
to the natives in their own language.

7. DOCTRINA CHRISTIANA (1593)
-the first book to be printed in
the Philppines, was a prayerbook
written in spanish with an
accompanying Tagalog
Translation.

8. *The task of translating religious instructional
materials forced the spanish missionaries to
employ natives as translators.
*Eventualy, this natives learned to read and write
both in spanish and in their native tongue.
Ladinos-bilingual natives
-They published their works, mainly
devotional poetry, in the first decade of the 17th
century.

9. GASPAR AQUINO DE BELEN
-the most gifted among the ladinos
-he wrote the Mahal Na Passion Ni Jesu
Christo, a tagalog poem base on Christ’s
passion, was published in 1704.

10. *In the 18th century, secular literature from Spain
in the form medieval ballads inspired the native
poetric-drama form called the Komedya, later to be
called Moro-moro because this often dealt with the
theme of Christians triumphing over Muslims.
*Printing overtook the oral tradition, and it set for
the development of prose.
*The first Filipino novel was “NINAY”, written in
spanish by Pedro Paterno.

11. FRANCISCO BALTAZAR (1788-1862), popularly
called Balagtas,is the acknowledged master of
traditional tagalog poetry.
*His narrative poem, “FLORANTE AT LAURA,”
written in sublime tagalog, is about tyranny in
Albanya, but it is also perceived to be about the
tyranny in his Filipino homeland.

12. - Our national hero, chose the realistic novel as his
medium.
- Rizal’s 2 novels, “NOLI ME TANGERE” and it’s
sequel, “EL FILIBUSTERISMO”, chronicle the life
and ultimate death of Ibarra, who attempts to
reform his country through education.
- Inspired by Rizal and his 2 novels were Andres
Bonifacio (1863-1897) and his closest aide, Emilio
Jacinto (1875-1899). Both were writers and social
critics who were profoundly influence by the
liberal ideas of the French enlightenment.

13. * The Philippine revolutionary period also had it’s
share of women’s writers.
* GREGORIA DE JESUS wife of Andres Bonifacio,
wrote notable tagalog poetry.
* In Vigan of the Ilocano North, LEONA
FLORENTINO, by her poetry, became the
foremost Ilocano writer of her time.

14. 1.Alibata
2.Christian Doctrine
3.Spanish Language Became The Literary
Language This Time
4.European Legends And Traditions
5.Ancient Literature Was Collected And
Translated to Tagalog
6.Grammar Books Were Printed In Filipino
7.Religious Tone

15. 1.Ang Doctrina Christiana (The Christian
Doctrine)
2.Nustra Senora Del Rosario
3.Libro De Los Cuatro Postprimeras de Hombre
4.Ang Barlaan at Josephat
5.The Passion
6.Urbana at Felisa
7.Ang Mga Dalit Kay Maria (Psalms for Mary)

16. 1.Arte y Reglas de la Lengua Tagala (Art and Rules of the
Tagalog Language)
2.Compendio de la Lengua Tagala (Understanding The
Tagalog Language)
3.Vocbulario de la Lengua Tagala (Tagalog Vocabulary)
4.Vocabulario de la Lengua Pampanga (Pampango
Vocabulary)
5.Vocabulario de la Lengua Bisaya (Bisayan Vocabulary)
6.Arte de la Lengua Ilocana (The Art of the Ilocano
Language)
7.Arte de la Lengua Bicolana (The Art of the Bicol
Language)

17. EXAMPLES:
*Leron-leron Sinta (Tagalog)
*Pamulinawan (Ilocano)
*Dandansoy (Bisaya)
*Sarong Banggi (Bicol)
*Atin Cu Pung Singsing (Kapampangan)

18. There were many recreational plays performed
by Filipinos during the Spanish times. Almost all
of theme were poetic form.
CENAKULO
-dramatic performance of the passion and
death of Christ.

19. The father of drama, a musical comedy or
melodrama 3 acts which death, with men’s
fashion, and emotions like love, hate, revenge,
cruelty, avarice, or some political problem.

20. A special occasion for the pilareños of sorsogon
during maytime to get together.

21. Dramatic performance for the purpose of
manifesting devotion for the holy cross.

22. Philippine Christmas dramatic ritual narrating
the whole family’s search for a place who stay in
Bethlehem for Jesus Christ’s birth through songs.

23. Dramatizes the reunion of the risen Christ and
his Mother.

24. A form or dramatic entertainment perform on
a moonless night during a town fiesta or on dark
nights after a harvest.

25. A short musical comedy popular during the
18th century. They were exaggerated comedy
shown between acts, plays, and were mostly
performed by characters from the lower class.

26. Like the Cenakulo, the Moro-Moro is
presented also on a special stage. This is
performed during town fiestas to entertain the
people and to remind them of their Christian
religion.

27. This is a poetic vehicle of socio-religious nature
celebrated during the death of a person.

28. The Duplo replaced the Karagatan. This is a
poetic joust in speaking and reasoning.

29. This is a poetic joust or a contest of skills in
debate on a particular topic or issue.

30. This is a chant in fee verse by a bereaved
person or his representative beside the corpse of
the dead.

31. * Is a dodecasyllabic verse.
* Are fabricated stories from writers’
imagination although the setting and characters
are European.
* Refers to a chanting .

32. *Is in octosyllabic verse.
*Were usually on legends or stories from
European countries like France, Spain, Italy, and
Greece.
*Refers to narration.
*

33. “12 FRANC ABM”
*Mira Monterola
*Joan Singuran
*Mary Vinz Piañar
*Trisha Mae Loon
*Ronselyn Demecillo