The Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) was a pivotal conflict between the nationalist faction led by General Francisco Franco and the republican government, marking a critical moment in 20th-century history. The war saw significant international involvement, with Nazi Germany and Fascist Italy supporting Franco, while the USSR aided the Republicans, leading to a complex ideological battle reflected in literature and art. The aftermath of the war left lasting scars, including widespread suffering, repression, and the loss of democratic values in Spain.

1. Spanish
Civil War
España

2. Name: Insiyafatema Alvani
Roll No: 11
Sem: 2 (M.A)
Paper No: 108
Paper Code: 22401
Paper Name: The American Literature
Topic: Spanish Civil War
Submitted to: Smt S.B Gardi, Department of English M.K.B.U
Email id: insiyafatemaalvani@gmail.com

3. Points to Ponder
1. Background of War
2. Republican & Nationalist
3. Francisco Franco
4. International support
5. The Spanish Civil War in Literature
6. Impact of War

4. Background of War
● The Spanish civil war was one of the defining moment of the 20th
century.
● In the 1930s Spain was divided between right wing nationalist and
left wing Republican party.
● On 18 July, 1936 troops under the leadership of general Francisco
Franco began an uprising against the democratically elected
government of Spain.
● It is called dress rehearsal of WWII and also inspired a number of
writers and artists like Hemingway, Orwell, Picasso.

5. Republican
● All Spaniards are equal before the law -
constitution of republic.
● After General Miguel Primo de Rivera’s
seven year dictatorship and king Alfonso
XIII it is Spain's first Democracy.
● Democratically elected government of Spain.
Manuel Azaña was president in 1936.
● Supported by anarchist,leftists, anti
facist,USSR

6. Nationalist
● It was organised by military, supported by the church and
led by Francisco Franco.
● The aim of the nationalist movement was the crushing of
the Republican government in Madrid.
● Powerful countries like Italy And Germany were allies
with nationalist Franco.
● Largo Caballero, the veteran socialist trade union leader
and prime minister opposed the Spanish Communist party.

7. Francisco Franco
● Francisco Franco Bahamonde was born in Farrol,
La Coruña, in December 1892.
● Franco was a Spanish general who ruled Spain as a
dictator for 36 years.
● Franco proclaimed himself head of the state and
government under the title EL CAUDILLO.
● Francoism professed a strong devotion to
militarism, hyper masculinity and the traditional
role of women in the society.

8. International Support
● Hitler sends ground troops, tanks and air force to support
Franco.
● Stalin sends equipment and advisors to support the
Republican .
● US, Great Britain and France declare a police of non -
intervention.
● International Bridges of Socialist and anti-fascist volunteers
arrives from Us, Great Britain and France.fight for democracy
and anti-fascism.

9. Impact of War
● The post-civil war years formed a period of great
suffering so many people died in the war.
● Thousands of children separated from their parents
to be indoctrinated in Nationalist values; various
branches of secret police established; neighbours
spying and accusing each other and priests taking
down the names of those who failed to attend mass.
● People tried to settle in France or emigrate to Latin
America.

10. The Spanish Civil War in Literature
● Raymond Carr's The Civil War in Spain - a reprint of
The Spanish Tragedy (1977) with a new postscript -
is a lucid and perceptive account of the entire
Republican experience, from 1931 to 1939. As such,
the study remains a consummate exposition of the
war as civil war.
● Herbert Southworth is the Francoist myth of the
war, later
crusade waged against a barbarous, atheistic,' red'
republic in thrall to an exotic trinity of marxist-
masonic-judaic conspirators.

11. Citation
● Bergamín, José. “War in Madrid: Images of the Spanish Civil War — Google Arts & Culture.”
Google Arts & Culture, https://artsandculture.google.com/story/war-in-madrid-images-of-the-
spanish-civil-war/tAUh0fwrfe4XJw.
● “Franco's Spain | History of Western Civilization II.” Lumen Learning,
https://courses.lumenlearning.com/suny-hccc-worldhistory2/chapter/francos-spain/.
● Graham, Helen. “The Spanish Civil War.” The Historical Journal, vol. 30, no. 4, 1987, pp.
989–993., doi:10.1017/S0018246X00022445.
● “The Battle for Spain by Antony Beevor [A Review].” We Need to Talk About Books, 5
April 2016, https://weneedtotalkaboutbooks.com/2016/04/05/book-review-the-battle-for-
spain/. Accessed 13 March 2023.Bergamín, José. “War in Madrid: Images of the Spanish
Civil War — Google Arts & Culture.” Google Arts & Culture,
https://artsandculture.google.com/story/war-in-madrid-images-of-the-spanish-civil-
war/tAUh0fwrfe4XJw. Accessed 13 March 2023.

12. Thank you