The Spanish-American War was sparked by a combination of factors, including Spain's harsh treatment of Cuban civilians, exaggerated news stories in American newspapers, and the sinking of the USS Maine in Havana harbor, which most Americans blamed on Spain. After the U.S. navy's surprise victory over the Spanish fleet at Manila Bay and Theodore Roosevelt's popular leadership of the Rough Riders at San Juan Hill, Spain was defeated and ceded control of Cuba, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines to the U.S. in the Treaty of Paris. This established the U.S. as a new world power and had long-term consequences, as the nation took on responsibilities of governing new territories and projecting its influence in

1. Introduction to Spanish-American War “ A Splendid Little War” John Hay, Secretary of State, 1898

2. Background: Who? Spain vs. America Where? Phillipines, Cuba (Spain’s Colonies)

3. Background: The Philippines Cuba USA

4. Why? Help give freedom to Spain’s colonies!

5. Spain’s Reconcentration Policy Spain was fighting a guerilla war and needed to separate “good” from “bad” guys What ? Why ? Civilians were forced into government run camps (with bad conditions) Made Spain look bad in American eyes How did it lead to war ?

6. American Economic Interests Protecting their economic interests What ? Why ? Many of Cuba’s sugar plantations were owned by Americans Made Americans more likely to help out Cuba How did it lead to war ?

7. “Yellow Journalists” Make more $ if they keep you scared and interested What ? Why ? Newspaper created highly exaggerated stories Made Americans want war! How did it lead to war ?

8. “Yellow Journalism” “ You furnish the pictures, I’ll furnish the war William Randolph Hearst Frederic Remington’s Disrobing Propaganda

10. Sinking of the Maine in Havana Harbor What ? USS Maine explodes in Havana, Cuba Harbor , “ Spark” that started the war “ Remember the Maine! To h--- with Spain!” How did it lead to war ? Most Americans believe it was Spain’s fault 1976 US Navy analyzed the sunken ship, decided that the hull blew OUT not IN

11. Maine Explosion Caused by Bomb or Torpedo? 2/17/1898 New York World

12. Which of these do you think was most responsible for the nation going to war? Spain’s treatment of citizens Yellow journalism Sinking of the Maine American economic interest

13. Manila Bay What Happened at Manila Bay? Surprise naval attack sunk the crumbling Spanish Navy Made Americans feel very superior

14. Rough Riders Who were the Rough Riders? Who was their leader? Teddy Roosevelt resigns as Asst Sec. of the Navy to lead a “Cowboy Calvary” Brought his own photographer Teddy’s popularity from this leads to his becoming v.p. and president

15. Rough Riders What famous Battle did they participate in? San Juan Hill African Americans also helped but get no credit

16. Teddy Roosevelt

17. Results US defeats Spain & becomes a world power Teddy Roosevelt elected Vice President in 1900 and becomes President in 1901 when McKinley is shot US must decide what to do about Spain’s former colonies (Phillipines, Puerto Rico, and Guam)

18. Do you think the war was a good idea? What did we gain?

19. What to do with new territory? Give the islands back to Spain? Give them to France or Germany? Allow them independence? Take them, educate them, uplift, civilize, and Christianize the people?

20. Treaty of Paris Cuba granted freedom United States given Guam and Puerto Rico United States pays $20 million for Phillipines

21. Reasons not to ratify Treaty Traditional American isolationism American principles of self-government Inconsistency of liberating Cuba and not the Philippines Danger of foreign entanglements Financial, military, and social costs Treaty ratified in February 1899 (McKinley)

22. Reason for building a canal Shortcut from the Atlantic Ocean to Pacific Ocean

23. Panama Canal $352 million to build 5,000 workers died

24. Teddy Roosevelt Made it clear to all that the United States is still the policeman of the western hemisphere

25. Speak softly but carry a big stick Monroe Doctrine Roosevelt Corollary United States is still the policeman in the region and now intervene in Latin America’s domestic affairs in order to maintain stability.