During the period of 1890-1914, the United States began to act as an imperial power despite not having colonies like many European nations. There were several factors that contributed to American imperialism, including prestige in competing with European empires for colonies, seeking new markets for American goods, and beliefs in racial superiority and the white man's burden. Through wars and negotiations, the U.S. acquired colonies in Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines and established itself as an emerging world power with interests across Asia and Latin America.

1. IMPERIALISM: AMERICA CLAIMS AN EMPIRE (1890-1914)

2. Imperialism - stronger nations control weaker nations many European nations had colonies U.S. did not

3. 3 factors accounted for U.S. to become imperialistic Prestige Compete with Europe for colonies, New markets , navy bases Alfred Mahan Racial superiority “ the white man’s burden” spread Christianity civilize the world

4. Factors Against Imperialism plenty to do at home unethical to govern people against their will our own history (Revolutionary War)

8. 1867 – Alaska, 1st colony purchased from Russia for $7.2 million by Sec. of State William Seward became known as “Seward’s Folly” gold/oil discovered 1959 - 49th state

10. 1898 – Hawaii American settlers built sugar/pineapple plantations

11. Queen Liliuokalani stop American influence/growth “ Hawaii for Hawaiians 1893 - overthrown 1898 HI annexed as U.S. colony 1959 - 50 th State

13. Samoa-1899 refueling/rest stop on way to Australia U.S. promised to protect Samoa from European control eventually shared with Germany

14. Answer Political Cartoon Questions on Pg. ____ Who do the people in the cartoon represent? Is one of the people a symbol for something else? Who or what? What is the Bill of Fare or menu in the restaurant? What seems to be Uncle Sam’s attitude towards the offerings on the menu ?

15. THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR 1898 “ The Splendid Little War”

16. U.S. had always wanted Cuba as a colony - sugar industry Cuban rebels, led by Jose Marti, rebelled against Spanish rule Spain retaliated harshly to rebellion, hundreds of thousands of Cubans are put in concentration camps, many die

17. “ yellow journalism” pushed us towards war with Spain Exaggerated, fabricated stories to sell newspapers William R. Hearst told Frederick Remington “you furnish the pictures, I’ll furnish the war.” Pulitzer Hearst

18. Two events caused U.S. to declare war on Spain DeLome letter Spanish ambassador called President McKinley weak in a private letter that was published in the paper Sinking of the U.S.S. Maine in Havana harbor 260 Americans killed press blamed Spain, but still a mystery how it happened “ Remember the Maine” April, 1898 U.S. declares war on Spain

20. War was fought in two areas of the world Philippine Islands Filipino rebels led by Emilio Aguinaldo helped U.S. capture Manila and win in the Philippines

21. 2. Caribbean CUBA more difficult to capture showed how unprepared U.S. was for this war 5000 Americans die from disease 400 in combat

22. Rough Riders Volunteer calvary Led by T. Roosevelt

24. San Juan Hill attacked by Teddy Roosevelt leading the Rough Riders cavalry formed in San Antonio

25. Quick victory war ends Aug. 12, 1898 Puerto Rico

26. The Treaty of Paris: 1898 Spain gave up Puerto Rico, Guam, and Cuba The U. S. paid Spain $20 mil. for the Philippines. The U. S. becomes an imperial power!

28. Colonial Power Cuba Platt Amendment U.S. had the right to intervene in Cuban affairs to protect U.S. business interests forced Cuba to lease harbors to U.S. Navy, 1902 Cuba - independent but a U.S. protectorate

29. Puerto Rico remained American possession 1917 - people became U.S. citizens

30. Philippine Islands a base for U.S. business and military interests in the Asian-Pacific region. Emilio Aguinaldo felt betrayed by U.S. leads rebellion against U.S. that lasted 3 years

31. Philippine Insurrection ended in 1902 when Aguinaldo was captured given independence in 1946

33. Answer the questions on pg. 15 L WHAT IS GOING ON IN THIS CARTOON? IS THIS A PRO, ANTI OR NEUTRAL STATEMENT ON US IMPERIALISM? Analyzing Cartoons What is the general subject of the cartoon? Who are the characters in the cartoon? Who/What do they represent? What symbols are used? What do they represent? What outside information do you know about this subject? What is the cartoonist’s message? What role does the U.S. play?

34. China Spheres of Influence foreign nations control areas of China Open Door Policy ” all nations should have equal trading rights in China - meant to increase U.S. trade interests

35. 1900 - Boxer Rebellion Chinese patriots demand all foreigners leave China ended when foreign powers sent additional forces

36. America as a world power TR shows the world that U.S. is a world power Sent US Fleet (Great White) around the world (1907) - show strength

41. Japan 1853 U.S. opened Japan to world trade By 1904 had become a powerful industrialized nation Russo-Japan War-1904 Japan wants fill need for natural resources, wanted Manchuria

42. Japan very successful in this war Roosevelt mediated an end to the war, wins Nobel Peace Prize Japan resented the agreement unhappy with U.S. Roosevelt feared Japan would become too strong and lead to eventual confrontation with U.S.

43. Panama Canal American dream since Calif. Gold Rush of 1849 reduce shipping distance between E and W coast impact speed, cost of international trade

44. needed permission from Colombia to allow building Roosevelt inspired Panama to revolt from Colombia construction lasted 10 years (1914) 5600 died from disease (malaria, yellow fever) Panama Canal

45. Under Construction dug through swamps, jungles, mountains

46. Latin America: two different approaches U.S. = Policeman in Latin America Roosevelt’s “ Speak softly but carry a Big Stick ” policy used military to back up negotiations

47. Roosevelt Corollary U.S. had the right to use military force to protect its interests in Latin America Added to Monroe Doctrine

48. eventually U.S. sends troops into several countries Latin America did not appreciate this

49. Taft’s “ Dollar Diplomacy ” urged U.S. business to invest in Latin American economies loans, investments rarely paid back

50. Intervention in Mexico 1911-1916 revolutions eventually involve U.S. 1915-1916, Francisco “Pancho” Villa leads revolution tries to get U.S. involved attacks American towns, businesses