about space debris

1. 01
03
02
04
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
What are space debris??
Solution
Our team idea to prevent
this immense problem
Problem and it's effects
How these are created and
Why we have to clean??
References
From where our facts and
figures can be checked.

2. INTRODUCTION
What are space debris??
01

3. Space
Debris

4. 1. Space debris, also called space
junk, artificial material that is
orbiting Earth but is no longer
functional.
2. It can also refer to smaller things,
like bits of debris that have fallen
off a rocket.
What is Space Debris??

5. WHOA!
This can be the part of the presentation
where you introduce yourself, write your
email,your phone number…

6. Problem and it's effects
How these are created and Why
we have to clean??
02

7. 1. Collision with Other satellite.
2. More and more debris generated by
existing debris.
3. Can block Earth’s orbital.
4. Create problem in future space
missions.
It can cause following issues

9. 787,402 in
is the distance between the troposphere and the surface of Earth and
continues an approximate height of 40 to 50 km to the atmosphere

10. Solution
Our team idea to prevent this
immense problem.
03

11. ** Technologies used -:
>>A.I. Collision detection
system.
>>Solar Electric Propulsion
(SEP).
>>Trajectory prediction
system.
Note – Whole system is installed
on a satellite to function.
1. GuardianSat :

12. 1. Data Collection: The system would gather data from various sources, such as onboard sensors,
ground-based radar systems, and space surveillance networks. This data could include the satellite's
position, velocity, orientation, and information about other objects in its vicinity.
2. Object Catalog: The system would maintain a catalog of known satellites, space debris, and other
relevant objects. This catalog would be regularly updated using information from ground-based tracking
systems and other reliable sources.
3. Collision Risk Assessment: The AI system would analyze the predicted trajectories and assess the risk of
potential collisions. It would consider factors such as the proximity of objects, their relative velocities, and
the uncertainty in the trajectory predictions.
4. Alert Generation: If the system identifies a high-risk collision scenario, it would generate an alert to notify
the satellite operators or ground control. The alert would include relevant information about the potential
collision, allowing operators to take appropriate action.
5. Collision Avoidance Maneuvers: Based on the received alerts, satellite operators can decide on the best
course of action to avoid the potential collision. This could involve executing collision avoidance
maneuvers, adjusting the satellite's orbit, or coordinating with other satellite operators for joint
maneuvers.
6. Learning and Adaptation: Over time, the AI system can learn from past collision events and near-misses
to improve its predictions and collision risk assessments. It can adapt its algorithms and models to
account for new objects, changing conditions, and updated orbital data.
>>A.I. Collision detection system.

13. 1. Solar Power Generation: Solar panels on the spacecraft capture sunlight and convert it into electrical
energy. These panels can be made up of photovoltaic cells that directly convert sunlight into electricity or
concentrated solar arrays that focus sunlight onto high-efficiency solar cells.
2. Power Conditioning: The electrical energy generated by the solar panels is conditioned and regulated to
meet the specific requirements of the propulsion system. This may involve voltage regulation, current
control, and conversion to the appropriate voltage levels for different subsystems.
3. Power Distribution: The conditioned electrical power is distributed to various components of the
propulsion system, including the ion thruster and other onboard systems.
4. Ionization: In an ion thruster, a propellant, often xenon gas, is introduced into an ionization chamber.
Within the chamber, electrons are stripped from the propellant atoms or molecules, creating positively
charged ions.
5. Ion Acceleration: The positively charged ions are then accelerated by applying an electric field. This field
is created by a system of electrodes within the thruster. As the ions gain energy, they are expelled from
the thruster at high velocities, creating a thrust.
6. Exhaust Velocity: One of the key advantages of solar electric propulsion is that it can achieve
significantly higher exhaust velocities compared to chemical propulsion systems.
7. Thrust Management: The thrust generated by the ion thruster can be controlled and modulated by
adjusting the electric field strength and propellant flow rate. This allows for precise control of spacecraft
>> Solar Electric Propulsion (SEP)

14. 1. Initial Conditions: The system collects or is provided with the initial conditions of the object, which
typically include its position, velocity, orientation, and sometimes other parameters like mass,
atmospheric conditions, or external forces acting upon it.
2. Mathematical Modeling: The system applies mathematical models and equations to simulate the object's
motion. These models can range from simple kinematic equations to more complex dynamic models that
account for factors such as gravitational forces, air resistance, wind conditions, and other external
influences.
3. Numerical Integration: The system employs numerical integration techniques to solve the equations of
motion and calculate the object's trajectory over time. These numerical methods break down the problem
into discrete steps and iteratively update the object's position and velocity at each step.
4. Environmental Factors: The system incorporates information about the environment in which the object is
moving. For example, in the case of a spacecraft, it might consider gravitational forces from celestial
bodies, atmospheric drag, solar radiation pressure, or the presence of other objects such as satellites or
space debris.
5. Time Step Control: The system determines an appropriate time step for the numerical integration based
on factors like the object's speed, acceleration, and the desired accuracy of the prediction. A smaller time
step allows for more precise calculations but increases computational requirements.
6. Prediction Horizon: The system predicts the object's trajectory over a specified time horizon, which could
range from seconds to days or even longer, depending on the application. The length of the prediction
>> Trajectory prediction system

15. ** Technologies used -:
>> Satellite malfunctioning and
retire detection system using A.I.
>>Solar Electric Propulsion
(SEP).
>>Falling location
programmed
chipset.
Note – Whole system is installed on a
satellited to function.
2. EcoSat :

16. 1. Data Collection: The system collects various data from the satellite, including telemetry data, sensor
readings, operational parameters, and historical performance logs. This data serves as the basis for
analyzing the satellite's behavior and detecting anomalies.
2. Training and Model Development: Machine learning models, such as supervised or unsupervised
algorithms, are trained using historical data to recognize patterns associated with malfunctioning or
retirement events. This involves labeling data instances where malfunctions or retirements have occurred
to guide the learning process.
3. Real-time Monitoring: The trained AI models are deployed in real-time to continuously monitor the
incoming data from the satellite. The models compare the current behavior of the satellite with learned
patterns and generate alerts or warnings when anomalies are detected.
4. Decision Support System: The system incorporates a decision support component that analyzes the
detected anomalies and provides recommendations or actions to be taken. It can suggest diagnostic
procedures, initiate self-checking routines, or notify ground control for further investigation.
5. Retire Prediction and Maintenance Planning: The system can utilize predictive analytics techniques to
forecast potential retirement events based on the monitored data and historical patterns.
6. Adaptive Learning and Improvement: The AI models and algorithms can continuously learn from new
data and adapt their anomaly detection capabilities over time. Feedback mechanisms can be employed
to incorporate user feedback, domain expertise, or updated knowledge to improve the detection accuracy
and reduce false positives.
>>Satellite malfunctioning and retire detection system using A.I.

17. 1. Solar Power Generation: Solar panels on the spacecraft capture sunlight and convert it into electrical
energy. These panels can be made up of photovoltaic cells that directly convert sunlight into electricity or
concentrated solar arrays that focus sunlight onto high-efficiency solar cells.
2. Power Conditioning: The electrical energy generated by the solar panels is conditioned and regulated to
meet the specific requirements of the propulsion system. This may involve voltage regulation, current
control, and conversion to the appropriate voltage levels for different subsystems.
3. Power Distribution: The conditioned electrical power is distributed to various components of the
propulsion system, including the ion thruster and other onboard systems.
4. Ionization: In an ion thruster, a propellant, often xenon gas, is introduced into an ionization chamber.
Within the chamber, electrons are stripped from the propellant atoms or molecules, creating positively
charged ions.
5. Ion Acceleration: The positively charged ions are then accelerated by applying an electric field. This field
is created by a system of electrodes within the thruster. As the ions gain energy, they are expelled from
the thruster at high velocities, creating a thrust.
6. Exhaust Velocity: One of the key advantages of solar electric propulsion is that it can achieve
significantly higher exhaust velocities compared to chemical propulsion systems.
7. Thrust Management: The thrust generated by the ion thruster can be controlled and modulated by
adjusting the electric field strength and propellant flow rate. This allows for precise control of spacecraft
>> Solar Electric Propulsion (SEP)

18. 1. Trajectory Calculation: Prior to the descent, the programmed chipset would determine the desired
landing location on Earth. This location could be predetermined based on mission requirements or
updated dynamically during the descent.
2. Descent Mechanism: The chipset may rely on various mechanisms to control its descent, such as
parachutes, airfoils, or thrusters. The choice of mechanism would depend on factors like the chipset's
size, weight, desired landing accuracy, and atmospheric conditions.
3. Guidance and Navigation: The chipset may employ onboard sensors, such as GPS receivers or inertial
measurement units, to determine its position, velocity, and orientation during the descent. This
information is used in conjunction with the desired trajectory to guide the chipset towards the target
landing location.
4. Control Algorithms: Control algorithms are implemented in the chipset to adjust the descent trajectory
and ensure that it aligns with the desired landing location. These algorithms may consider external
factors like wind conditions and adjust the descent path accordingly.
5. Real-time Tracking and Adjustment: The chipset can communicate with ground-based tracking systems
to receive updates on its position and make necessary adjustments to its trajectory. This allows for real-
time course corrections and fine-tuning to reach the intended landing location.
>> Falling location programmed chipset.

19. 04
Refrences
From where we detect this
problem and collect facts and
figures.

20. NASA
Some imporatant links :
FORBES
https://www.for
bes.com
https://www.na
sa.gov ›
mission_pages ›
tdm › sep
STATISTA
https://www.sta
tista.com
ISRO
https://www.isr
o.gov.in ›
SSA