This document describes an automatic solar tracker system that aims to maximize solar energy collection. It discusses how solar tracking systems can improve efficiency by keeping solar panels oriented towards the sun. The methodology section outlines the key components of the system, including solar panels, light sensors, a microcontroller, positioning actuators. Test results and data analysis are used to evaluate how well the tracker aligns panels with the sun and improves power output compared to a fixed panel system.

1. AUTOMATIC SOLAR TRACKER
ROLL NO: 29 TO 42
COA ASSIGNMENT
TOPIC:
GROUP:3
SUBMITTED TO: ACHYUTH SARKAR
DATE OF SUBMISSION: 25 MAY,2023

2. 1. Abstract
The project deals with use of alternative energy resource for power generation which can be used to supply
power in domestic application. Solar energy is a very large, inexhaustible source of energy and Green
Energy System. Solar energy has a major advantage for no impure outlets but problem associated with solar
is less efficiency and high cost. The power from the sun intercepted by the earth is approximately
1.8x1011MW, which is many thousand times larger than the present consumption rate on the earth of all
commercial energy sources. Solar tracking system can be used as a power generating method from sunlight.
This method of power generation is simple and is taken from natural resource. This needs only maximum
sunlight to generate power. This project presents for power generation and sensor based solar tracking
system to utilize the maximum solar energy through solar panel by setting the equipment to get maximum
sunlight automatically in real time. This proposed system is tracking for maximum intensity of light. When
there is decrease in intensity of light, this system automatically changes its direction to get maximum
intensity of light. The proposed method is to design an electronic circuit to sense the intensity of light and
control the DC motor driver for the panel movement, and construct a Buck- Boost converter for to step up
and step-down the voltage, and store the maximum utilized output voltage in Lead-Acid Battery.

3. 2.INTRODUCTION
The need for renewable energy is the energy which comes from natural resources such as sunlight, wind,
rain, tides and geothermal heat. These resources are renewable and can be naturally replenished. Therefore,
for all practical purposes, these resources can be considered to be inexhaustible, unlike dwindling
conventional fossil fuels. The global energy crunch has provided a renewed impetus to the growth and
development of clean and renewable energy sources. Clean Development Mechanisms (CDMs) are being
adopted by organizations all across the globe. Apart from the rapidly decreasing reserves of fossil fuels in the
world, another major factor working against fossil fuels is the pollution associated with their combustion.
Contrastingly, renewable energy sources are known to be much cleaner and produce energy without the
harmful effects of pollution unlike their conventional counterparts.

4. Break down of energy consumption pattern in India

5. 1. Electrical Engineering: Understanding of circuits, power systems,
and electronic components.
2. Programming: Proficiency in languages like C/C++ or Python for
software development.
3. Mechanical Engineering: Knowledge of mechanical systems,
motors, and control mechanisms.
4. Data Analysis: Ability to analyze and interpret data collected from
the solar tracker system.
3.Technical skills

6. •System Design: Designing a solar tracker system consisting of sensors, actuators, and a
control unit.
•Sensor Selection: Choosing appropriate sensors to measure sunlight intensity and panel
position.
•Actuator Selection: Selecting suitable actuators such as servo motors to control the
movement of solar panels.
•Control Algorithm: Developing an algorithm to process sensor data and control the
movement of the solar panels.
•Hardware Implementation: Building the physical components and assembling the solar
tracker system.
•Software Development: Writing code to interface with sensors, actuators, and implement
the control algorithm.
•Testing and Calibration: Conducting tests to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the
solar tracker system.
•Data Collection: Collecting data on solar panel output and position for analysis.
4. METHODOLOGY

7. Solar panel
Light sensors
Microcontroller
/processor
Positioning system
actuators
Basic review of methodology of solar tracker

8. 1.Solar Panel: This is the component that captures sunlight and converts it into
electrical energy.
2.Light Sensors: These sensors measure the intensity of light falling on them.
They are typically placed on the solar panel or nearby to detect the direction and
intensity of sunlight.
3.Microcontroller/Processor: This device receives inputs from the light sensors,
processes the data, and determines the optimal position for the solar panel
based on the position of the sun.
4.Positioning System: This system controls the movement of the solar panel. It
can be implemented using motors, gears, or other mechanisms to adjust the
panel's orientation.
5.Actuators: These are the devices responsible for physically moving the solar
panel. The microcontroller/processor sends signals to the actuators based on the
calculated optimal position, causing the solar panel to align itself with the sun.

9. 4. Result and Analysis
•Sunlight Intensity Measurement: Analyzing the sensor data to determine the
intensity of sunlight throughout the day.
•Panel Position Tracking: Assessing the accuracy of the solar tracker in aligning the
panels with the sun.
•Power Output Comparison: Comparing the power output of the solar panels with
and without the tracker system.
•Efficiency Evaluation: Calculating the efficiency improvement achieved by the solar
tracker.
•Sunlight Intensity Profiles: Graphical representation of the intensity of sunlight
measured at different times of the day.
•Panel Position Tracking Results: Analysis of the accuracy of the solar tracker
system in following the sun's movement.
•Power Output Comparison: Comparison of the power output between the solar
panels with and without the tracker system.
•Efficiency Improvement: Calculation and evaluation of the percentage increase in
efficiency achieved by the solar tracker system.

10. •Summary: Recapitulation of the project objectives and the successful implementation of
the automatic solar tracker system.
•Achievements: Discussion of the technical skills developed, challenges faced, and
lessons learned during the project.
•Future Scope: Suggestions for further improvements in the solar tracker system,
including additional features or enhancements.
5.conclusion